On Algebraic and Geometric Aspects of Fluid Dynamics
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Soaring Weather
Chapter 16 SOARING WEATHER While horse racing may be the "Sport of Kings," of the craft depends on the weather and the skill soaring may be considered the "King of Sports." of the pilot. Forward thrust comes from gliding Soaring bears the relationship to flying that sailing downward relative to the air the same as thrust bears to power boating. Soaring has made notable is developed in a power-off glide by a conven contributions to meteorology. For example, soar tional aircraft. Therefore, to gain or maintain ing pilots have probed thunderstorms and moun altitude, the soaring pilot must rely on upward tain waves with findings that have made flying motion of the air. safer for all pilots. However, soaring is primarily To a sailplane pilot, "lift" means the rate of recreational. climb he can achieve in an up-current, while "sink" A sailplane must have auxiliary power to be denotes his rate of descent in a downdraft or in come airborne such as a winch, a ground tow, or neutral air. "Zero sink" means that upward cur a tow by a powered aircraft. Once the sailcraft is rents are just strong enough to enable him to hold airborne and the tow cable released, performance altitude but not to climb. Sailplanes are highly 171 r efficient machines; a sink rate of a mere 2 feet per second. There is no point in trying to soar until second provides an airspeed of about 40 knots, and weather conditions favor vertical speeds greater a sink rate of 6 feet per second gives an airspeed than the minimum sink rate of the aircraft. -
Cloud Characteristics, Thermodynamic Controls and Radiative Impacts During the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (Goamazon2014/5) Experiment
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14519–14541, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14519-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Cloud characteristics, thermodynamic controls and radiative impacts during the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment Scott E. Giangrande1, Zhe Feng2, Michael P. Jensen1, Jennifer M. Comstock1, Karen L. Johnson1, Tami Toto1, Meng Wang1, Casey Burleyson2, Nitin Bharadwaj2, Fan Mei2, Luiz A. T. Machado3, Antonio O. Manzi4, Shaocheng Xie5, Shuaiqi Tang5, Maria Assuncao F. Silva Dias6, Rodrigo A. F de Souza7, Courtney Schumacher8, and Scot T. Martin9 1Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA 2Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA 3National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil 4National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 5Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA 6University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Brazil 7State University of Amazonas (UEA), Meteorology, Manaus, Brazil 8Texas A&M University, College Station, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, TX, USA 9Harvard University, Cambridge, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MA, USA Correspondence to: Scott E. Giangrande ([email protected]) Received: 12 May 2017 – Discussion started: 24 May 2017 Revised: 30 August 2017 – Accepted: 11 September 2017 – Published: 6 December 2017 Abstract. Routine cloud, precipitation and thermodynamic 1 Introduction observations collected by the Atmospheric Radiation Mea- surement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) and Aerial Facility The simulation of clouds and the representation of cloud (AAF) during the 2-year US Department of Energy (DOE) processes and associated feedbacks in global climate mod- ARM Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Ama- els (GCMs) remains the largest source of uncertainty in zon (GoAmazon2014/5) campaign are summarized. -
Adaptive Geometric Numerical Integration of Mechanical Systems Modin, Klas
Adaptive Geometric Numerical Integration of Mechanical Systems Modin, Klas 2009 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Modin, K. (2009). Adaptive Geometric Numerical Integration of Mechanical Systems. Matematikcentrum. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Adaptive Geometric Numerical Integration of Mechanical Systems Klas Modin Faculty of Engineering Centre for Mathematical Sciences Numerical Analysis Numerical Analysis Centre for Mathematical Sciences Lund University Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden http://www.maths.lth.se/ Doctoral Theses in Mathematical Sciences 2009:3 ISSN 1404-0034 ISBN 978-91-628-7778-1 LUTFNA-1005-2009 c Klas Modin, 2009 Printed in Sweden by MediaTryck, Lund 2009 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisors Claus Führer and Gustaf Söderlind at Lund University for all the inspiring discussions we have had. -
NWS Unified Surface Analysis Manual
Unified Surface Analysis Manual Weather Prediction Center Ocean Prediction Center National Hurricane Center Honolulu Forecast Office November 21, 2013 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Surface Analysis – Its History at the Analysis Centers…………….3 Chapter 2: Datasets available for creation of the Unified Analysis………...…..5 Chapter 3: The Unified Surface Analysis and related features.……….……….19 Chapter 4: Creation/Merging of the Unified Surface Analysis………….……..24 Chapter 5: Bibliography………………………………………………….…….30 Appendix A: Unified Graphics Legend showing Ocean Center symbols.….…33 2 Chapter 1: Surface Analysis – Its History at the Analysis Centers 1. INTRODUCTION Since 1942, surface analyses produced by several different offices within the U.S. Weather Bureau (USWB) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National Weather Service (NWS) were generally based on the Norwegian Cyclone Model (Bjerknes 1919) over land, and in recent decades, the Shapiro-Keyser Model over the mid-latitudes of the ocean. The graphic below shows a typical evolution according to both models of cyclone development. Conceptual models of cyclone evolution showing lower-tropospheric (e.g., 850-hPa) geopotential height and fronts (top), and lower-tropospheric potential temperature (bottom). (a) Norwegian cyclone model: (I) incipient frontal cyclone, (II) and (III) narrowing warm sector, (IV) occlusion; (b) Shapiro–Keyser cyclone model: (I) incipient frontal cyclone, (II) frontal fracture, (III) frontal T-bone and bent-back front, (IV) frontal T-bone and warm seclusion. Panel (b) is adapted from Shapiro and Keyser (1990) , their FIG. 10.27 ) to enhance the zonal elongation of the cyclone and fronts and to reflect the continued existence of the frontal T-bone in stage IV. -
Thermo-Convective Instability in a Rotating Ferromagnetic Fluid Layer
Open Phys. 2018; 16:868–888 Research Article Precious Sibanda* and Osman Adam Ibrahim Noreldin Thermo-convective instability in a rotating ferromagnetic fluid layer with temperature modulation https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0109 Received Dec 18, 2017; accepted Sep 27, 2018 1 Introduction Abstract: We study the thermoconvective instability in a Ferromagnetic fluids are colloids consisting of nanometer- rotating ferromagnetic fluid confined between two parallel sized magnetic particles suspended in a fluid carrier. The infinite plates with temperature modulation at the bound- magnetization of a ferromagnetic fluid depends on the aries. We use weakly nonlinear stability theory to ana- temperature, the magnetic field, and the density of the lyze the stationary convection in terms of critical Rayleigh fluid. The magnetic force and the thermal state of the fluid numbers. The influence of parameters such as the Taylor may give rise to convection currents. Studies on the flow number, the ratio of the magnetic force to the buoyancy of ferromagnetic fluids include, for example, Finalyson [1] force and the magnetization on the flow behaviour and who studied instabilities in a ferromagnetic fluid using structure are investigated. The heat transfer coefficient is free-free and rigid-rigid boundaries conditions. He used analyzed for both the in-phase and the out-of-phase mod- the linear stability theory to predict the critical Rayleigh ulations. A truncated Fourier series is used to obtain a number for the onset of instability when both a magnetic set of ordinary differential equations for the time evolu- and a buoyancy force are present. The generalization of tion of the amplitude of convection for the ferromagnetic Rayleigh Benard convection under various assumption is fluid flow. -
A Meteorological and Blowing Snow Data Set (2000–2016) from a High-Elevation Alpine Site (Col Du Lac Blanc, France, 2720 M A.S.L.)
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 57–69, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-57-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. A meteorological and blowing snow data set (2000–2016) from a high-elevation alpine site (Col du Lac Blanc, France, 2720 m a.s.l.) Gilbert Guyomarc’h1,5, Hervé Bellot2, Vincent Vionnet1,3, Florence Naaim-Bouvet2, Yannick Déliot1, Firmin Fontaine2, Philippe Puglièse1, Kouichi Nishimura4, Yves Durand1, and Mohamed Naaim2 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, Centre d’Etudes de la Neige, Grenoble, France 2Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRSTEA, UR ETNA, 38042 St-Martin-d’Hères, France 3Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada 4Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 5Météo France, DIRAG, Point à Pitre, Guadeloupe, France Correspondence: Florence Naaim-Bouvet (fl[email protected]) Received: 12 June 2018 – Discussion started: 25 June 2018 Revised: 8 October 2018 – Accepted: 9 November 2018 – Published: 11 January 2019 Abstract. A meteorological and blowing snow data set from the high-elevation experimental site of Col du Lac Blanc (2720 m a.s.l., Grandes Rousses mountain range, French Alps) is presented and detailed in this pa- per. Emphasis is placed on data relevant to the observations and modelling of wind-induced snow transport in alpine terrain. This process strongly influences the spatial distribution of snow cover in mountainous terrain with consequences for snowpack, hydrological and avalanche hazard forecasting. In situ data consist of wind (speed and direction), snow depth and air temperature measurements (recorded at four automatic weather stations), a database of blowing snow occurrence and measurements of blowing snow fluxes obtained from a vertical pro- file of snow particle counters (2010–2016). -
The Effect of Stable Thermal Stratification on Turbulent Boundary
The effect of stable thermal stratifcation on turbulent boundary layer statistics O.Williams, T. Hohman, T. Van Buren, E. Bou-Zeid and A. J. Smits May 22, 2019 Abstract The effects of stable thermal stratifcation on turbulent boundary layers are ex- perimentally investigated for smooth and rough walls. Turbulent stresses for weak to moderate stability are seen to scale with the wall-shear stress compensated for changes in fuid density in the same manner as done for compressible fows, sug- gesting little change in turbulent structure within this regime. At higher levels of stratifcation turbulence no longer scales with the wall shear stress and turbu- lent production by mean shear collapses, but without the preferential damping of near-wall motions observed in previous studies. We suggest that the weakly sta- ble and strongly stable (collapsed) regimes are delineated by the point where the turbulence no longer scales with the local wall shear stress, a signifcant departure from previous defnitions. The critical stratifcation separating these two regimes closely follows the linear stability analysis of Schlichting (1935) [Schlichting, Hauptaufs¨atze. Turbulenz bei W¨armeschichtung, ZAMM-J. of App. Math. and Mech., vol 15, 1935 ] for both smooth and rough surfaces, indicating that a good predictor of critical stratifcation is the gradient Richardson number evaluated at the wall. Wall-normal and shear stresses follow atmospheric trends in the local gradient Richardson number scaling of Sorbjan (2010) [Sorbjan, Gradient-based scales and similarity laws in the stable boundary layer, Q.J.R. Meteorological Soc., vol 136, 2010], suggesting that much can be learned about stratifed atmo- spheric fows from the study of laboratory scale boundary layers at relatively low Reynolds numbers. -
P-Odd Effects in Heavy Ion Collisions at NICA
Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplement Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplement 00 (2014) 1–3 P-odd effects in heavy ion collisions at NICA SORIN, Alexander and TERYAEV, Oleg Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Russia and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia Abstract Experimental manifestation of P-odd effects related to the vorticity and hydrodynamic helicity in non-central heavy ion collisions at MPD@NICA and BM@N detectors is discussed. For the NICA and FAIR energy range charac- terized by the large baryonic charge of the forming medium the effect should manifest itself in the specific neutron asymmetries. The polarization of strange particles probing the vorticity and helicity is also discussed. Keywords: vorticity, helicity, handedness 1. Introduction low energy scan mode) may result in the separation of the baryonic charge. A special interest is manifestation A search for local violations of discrete (C and P) of this separation in neutron asymmetries with respect symmetries from the discovery of the famous Chiral to the production plane, as soon as neutrons, from the Magnetic Effects (CME) [1] is a subject of intense the- theoretical side, are not affected by CME and, from the oretical and experimental studies. Here we concentrate experimental side, there is a unique opportunity to study on the effects related to the P-odd ”mechanical” effects, neutron production and asymmetries at MPD@NICA. like the orbital angular momentum, vorticity and helic- ity. In particular, we address to the neutron angular asym- metries [2], effects of the helicity separation [3, 4] and baryon polarization [2, 3] as well as the emergence of 3. -
Helicity Separation in Heavy-Ion Collisions When It Has the Different Signs Below and Above of the Reaction Plane
Helicity separation in Heavy-Ion Collisions Mircea Baznat,1,2, ∗ Konstantin Gudima,1,2, † Alexander Sorin,1,3, ‡ and Oleg Teryaev1,3, § 1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna (Moscow region), Russia 2 Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MD-2028 Kishinev, Moldova 3 Dubna International University, Dubna (Moscow region) 141980, Russia (Dated: July 30, 2018) We study the P-odd effects related to the vorticity of the medium formed in noncentral heavy ion collisions. Using the kinetic Quark-Gluon Strings Model we perform the numerical simulations of the vorticity and hydrodynamical helicity for the various atomic numbers, energies and centralities. We observed the vortical structures typically occupying the relatively small fraction of the fireball volume. In the course of numerical simulations the noticeable hydrodanamical helicity was observed manifesting the specific mirror behaviour with respect to the reaction plane. The effect is maximal at the NICA and FAIR energy range. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q I. INTRODUCTION The local violation [1] of discrete symmetries in strongly interacting QCD matter is now under intensive theoret- ical and experimental investigations. The renowned Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) uses the (C)P-violating (elec- tro)magnetic field emerging in heavy ion collisions in order to probe the (C)P-odd effects in QCD matter. There is an interesting counterpart of this effect, Chiral Vortical Effect (CVE)[2] due to coupling to P-odd medium vorticity. In its original form [2] this effect leads to the appearance of the same electromagnetic current as CME. Its straightforward generalization was proposed later resulting in generation of all conserved-charge currents [3], in particular baryonic ones (especially important when there is CME cancellation between three massless flavors [4]), and polarization of hyperons [3, 5]. -
Chaotic Vortical Flows and Their Manifestations
Chaotic vortical flows and their manifestations M. Baznat^(a) , K. Gudima^(a), P. Fre^(b), A. Sorin^(c), O. Teryaev^(c) (a) Institute of Applied Physics, Moldova (b) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Torino & INFN Sezione di Torino (c) Joint Institute for Nucler Research, Dubna 4th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics Conference Center of the Orthodox Academy of Crete Kolymbari, Greece, August 25, 2015 OUTLINE Chaotic Arnold-Beltrami flows Vorticity and hydrodynamical helicity modelling Ʌ baryon polarization due to vorticity Conclusions Arnold-Beltrami flows • Nonrelativistic incompressible fluids with vorticity parallel to velocity • Compatible with Euler equation for steady flows • Bernoulli condition is valid in the whole volume of the fluid Chaotic streamlines Arnold's theorem: For flows taking place on compact three manifolds, the only velocity fields able to produce chaotic streamlines are those satisfying Beltrami equation. & Topological conception of contact structures, each of which admits a representative contact vector field also satisfying Beltrami equation. 4 Chaotic thermalization? • Arnold-Beltrami flows – Lagrangian turbulence • Simple explanation: Bernoulli in the volume – the streamlines come close to each other • Chaotic advection: laminar flows result in the chaotic motion of passive admixture • Fast Dynamo problem, the spontaneous generation of a exponential growing magnetic field in a flow of conducting fluid with vorticity • Possible role in the fast thermalization (complementary description)?! -
Geometry of Membrane Sigma Models by Jan Vysok´Y
Geometry of Membrane Sigma Models by Jan Vysok´y A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MATHEMATICS (Double Doctoral Agreement between Jacobs University and Czech Technical University) Date of Defense: 15th July, 2015 Approved Dissertation Committee: Prof. Dr. Peter Schupp (supervisor, chair) Dr. Branislav Jurˇco(supervisor) Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Alan T. Huckleberry Prof. Dr. Olaf Lechtenfeld Bibliographic entry Title: Geometry of membrane sigma models Author: Ing. Jan Vysok´y Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Department of Physics Jacobs University Bremen (JUB) Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Degree Programme: Co-directed double Ph.D. (CTU - JUB) Application of natural sciences (CTU) Mathematical sciences (JUB) Field of Study: Methematical engineering (CTU) Mathematical sciences (JUB) Supervisors: Ing. Branislav Jurˇco,CSc., DSc. Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Mathematical Institute of Charles University Prof. Dr. Peter Schupp Jacobs University Bremen Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Academic Year: 2014/2015 Number of Pages: 209 Keywords: generalized geometry, string theory, sigma models, membranes. Abstract String theory still remains one of the promising candidates for a unification of the theory of gravity and quantum field theory. One of its essential parts is relativistic description of moving multi-dimensional objects called membranes (or p-branes) in a curved spacetime. On the classical field theory level, they are described by an action functional extremalising the volume of a manifold swept by a propagating membrane. This and related field theories are collectively called membrane sigma models. -
Deformation Quantization: Genesis, Developments and Metamorphoses
Deformation quantization: genesis, developments and metamorphoses∗ Giuseppe Dito and Daniel Sternheimer Laboratoire Gevrey de Mathematique´ Physique, CNRS UMR 5029 Departement´ de Mathematiques,´ Universite´ de Bourgogne BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France. [email protected], [email protected] November 27, 2001 Abstract We start with a short exposition of developments in physics and mathematics that pre- ceded, formed the basis for, or accompanied, the birth of deformation quantization in the seventies. We indicate how the latter is at least a viable alternative, autonomous and concep- tually more satisfactory, to conventional quantum mechanics and mention related questions, including covariance and star representations of Lie groups. We sketch Fedosov’s geometric presentation, based on ideas coming from index theorems, which provided a beautiful frame for developing existence and classification of star-products on symplectic manifolds. We present Kontsevich’s formality, a major metamorphosis of deformation quantization, which implies existence and classification of star-products on general Poisson manifolds and has numerous ramifications. Its alternate proof using operads gave a new metamorphosis which in particular showed that the proper context is that of deformations of algebras over operads, while still another is provided by the extension from differential to algebraic geometry. In this panorama some important aspects are highlighted by a more detailed account. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 53D55 (53-02,81S10,81T70,53D17,18D50,22Exx) arXiv:math/0201168v1 [math.QA] 18 Jan 2002 1 Introduction: the background and around The passage from commutative to noncommutative structures is a staple in frontier physics and mathematics. The advent of quantum mechanics is of course an important example but it is now becoming increasingly clear that the appearance, 25 years ago [FLSq, BFFLS], of deformation quantization, followed by numerous developments and metamorphoses, has been a major factor in the present trend.