Defend SNCC Against Attempts to Destroy It!

By The Editors There is a mounting drive afoot to destroy the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. The most THE ominous move in this direction has been the Atlanta indictment of SNCC chairman, Stokely Carmi­ chael, and 14 others on frame-up charges of inciting to riot. SNCC’s Atlanta Project director, William Ware, has been indicted for incit­ ing to riot and for creating an “in­ MILITANT Published in the Interest of the Working People surrection.” Under a Georgia sta­ tute, the latter charge provides penalties up to death. Vol. 30 - No. 33 Monday, September 19, 1966 Price 10c J Police Shooting The arrests were made as out­ breaks occurred in Atlanta’s ghetto. The first outbreak occur­ red after a white cop shot an in­ nocent Negro. Further demonstra­ Appeal Prepared tions wer% touched o ff when a blood-thirsty racist drove into the ghetto and killed one Negro youth in cold blood and wounded an­ other. The outbreaks were intensified For Fort Hood 3 by savage police repressions. A series of legal moves are holding or reversing the convic­ A statement by SNCC declares: underway to win freedom for the tion. If he upholds it, he also has “By trying to put the blame for three GIs court-martialed by the the option of reducing the sen­ the Atlanta black revolt on the army for their opposition to the tences. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Vietnam war. I f he does uphold the convic­ Committee, Mayor Ivan Allen be­ The three servicemen, known as tion, an appeal w ill be made to. comes a pawn in a national con­ the Fort Hood Three, were con­ spiracy to destroy SNCC and the the U.S. Military Board of Re-, victed in courts-martial at Fort growing militancy in the black view. If that appeal fails, the Dix Sept. 6-10 of refusal to obey community . . . case w ill be taken to the M ilita ry an officer. They had refused Court of Appeals, which is rough­ Black Power orders to board a plane for Viet­ ly equivalent in the military legal “We are fully aware that every nam because they had a civil hierarchy to the Supreme Court. . white racist politician in this coun­ suit pending seeking to bar the Meanwhile, two other legal ap­ try would like to see SNCC army from sending them to fight proaches are being pressed in the crushed for its stand against John­ in the “illegal, unjust and immoral c iv il courts. The whole case began, son’s policy in Vietnam and the war” being waged by the U.S. last June when the three GIs, sending of black mercenaries to Photo by Charmian Chaplan Private Dennis Mora, the first through their attorney, Stanley fight an illegal war. We know Stokely Carmichael of the three to be tried, was sen­ Faulkner, applied for an injunc­ these same forces are afraid of tenced to three years at hard labor, tion enjoining the Secretary of black power, black unity, because forfeiture of pay and a dishon­ Defense and the Secretary of the: it is a threat to their strangle­ up going against SNCC. Philadelphia regardless of their view of SNCC’s orable discharge. Pfc. James John­ Army from sending them to fight hold on the black community.” police officials have branded policies. Clearly, if the attacks son, a Negro, and Pvt. D avid in Vietnam. SNCC has ample reason for Carmichael a dangerous agitator against SNCC are successful, they Samas were given the maximum The application for an injunc­ making this charge. Ever since it who should be kept out of town. w ill not stop there. sentence of five years, even though tion was denied by the U.S. Cir­ declared itself against the Viet­ In Chicago, a number of people SNCC has urged that telegrams the charges against them were the cuit Court and an appeal was im-- nam war and for black power, it working with SNCC have been ar­ protesting the persecution of Car­ same as Mora’s. Each of the three mediately filed with the U.S. Court has been under mounting attack. rested. In Watts, a SNCC staff michael, with copies to SNCC, be were tried by a different board of Appeals. While this appeal, The halls of Congress have re­ member has been the target of sent to Mayor Ivan Allen and Po­ of officers, all of whom arrived which is still pending, was be­ sounded with vile denunciations police harassment. lice Chief Herbert Jenkins, At­ at their verdicts in less than a fore the courts, the army moved of SNCC and demands for inves­ Opponents of the Vietnam war lanta, Ga. h a lf hour. to obstruct the legal challenge in tigation of it. Newspaper editorials and partisans of black power ob­ SNCC is also in urgent need of Their convections are subject to the civilian court. They did so by. have smeared the organization. viously have a stake in rallying funds to carry on the fight. Con­ automatic review within 30 days illegally detaining the three GIs Politicians North and South have to SNCC’s defense. But everyone tributions should be sent to: by Lt. General William F. Train, and then entrapping them by. denounced it. In Philadelphia, city concerned with freedom, justice SNCC, 360 Nelson St., S.W., A t­ commanding general of the First ordering them to board a special officials have a “dynamite” frame- and equality has an equal stake, lanta, Ga. 30313. Army. He has the option of up­ (Continoed on Page 4) Peru Trial of Peasant Leader Under Way (World Outlook) — As feared gether with Marcial Chalco, is al­ sions and errors" in the case. though the alleged crimes actual­ in such instances for an interpret­ by the defense, the Peruvian gov­ so representing the 27 other de­ They argued for dismissal of the ly come under civil law. er. ernment opened the trial for Hugo fendants. case; and, when this was denied, The defense also charged that The head of the military tri­ Blanco Gald6s, the well-known The prosecuting attorney, Lt. demanded its postponement. This the trial was unfair, since 80 bunal, Col. Roberto Acosta, said Trotskyist peasant leader, without Col. Oswaldo Paulinich, demand­ was denied inasmuch as the M ili­ percent of the defendants speak that after the charges were read adequate notice; and selected a ed 25 years in prison for Hugo tary Code does not provide for only Quechua, yet the trial is be­ in Spanish a copy translated into court in Tacna, a small town, Blanco, 22 years for Pedro Can­ postponements. ing conducted in Spanish. When Quechua would be handed to the where even routine press cover­ dela and from 2 to 20 years for In addition to all the other dif­ the court read the charges to the defendants. age is difficult. the others. ficulties facing the defense, the defendants in Spanish, Dra. Laura When Hugo Blanco was brought Aug. 29 was set as the opening The demand was not without government placed the case under Caller objected. She pointed out into the small, crowded court­ day for the trial. But the three sinister implications. The Peru­ the Code of Military Justice, al­ that the Military Code provides room at 8:30 a.m., he shouted the Lima defense attorneys, Dr. Al­ vian press had freely predicted in slogans of the peasants whom he fredo Batillano Maggiolo, Doctora advance that the prosecution had led in the valley of La Con- Laura Caller Iberica and Marcial would demand 25 years for Hugo venci6n in the heroic struggles of Chalco Reyes, were not registered Blanco, but that the judges would Blanco's Co-Defendants 1961 and 1962. in Tacna. Proceedings were held hand down the death sentence. The presiding judge became up while provisions were made to The press prediction proved to be Besides Hugo Blanco and Pedro Candela, the 27 other very angry and ordered silence on register the three attorneys local­ accurate as to the opening moves defendants being tried with them are: Aniceto Munoz Pinares, penalty of being sent out. ly. of the prosecution, giving rise to Tiburcio Bolanos Davalos, Fortunato Vargas Guzman, Jose Zu- Hugo Blanco remained seated Twenty-eight defendants were forebodings that the trial w ill end ftiga Letona, Vicente Ortiz Quispe, Fidel Orue Ortiz, Bernardino u n til 12:30 p.m., when the hearing with martyrdom for Hugo Blanco. brought into court Aug. 30. (Two Zarate Ramirez, Crisologo Gordillo Almandoz, Moises Paz was suspended. He then rose to. days later, the number was in­ Defense Objections Huacao, Emiliano Semordes Ojeda, Francisco Cayo Palomino, shout again, “Tierra o Muerte!" creased to 29.) Nine others were Dr. Batillana objected to the [Land or Death!] Pedro Candela Nemesio Bocangel Zavala, Juan Pando Paucar, Basilio Alvarez, named in the indictment, but trial being held in Tacna because and the other 26 loudly echoed have not been apprehended. it “lacked the necessary guaran­ Jose Pereyra Paucar, Luis Aguilar Villacorta, Gerardo Carpio the slogan before the appreciative The two leading figures in the tees” fo r a fa ir hearing. He also Molina, Humberto Caraza Moscoso, Leonidas Carpio Jordan, spectators who had jammed into case are Hugo Blanco, who is be­ charged that the defendants were Marcelino Rosa, Pascual Zarate; Ramirez, Lucio Bengolea Torres, the courtroom. ing defended by Dr. Batillano; brought to Tacna hastily and Fortunato Torres Paniagua, Andres Gonzales Tejada, Antonio Hugo Blanco was dressed in & and Pedro Candela Santillana, without previous notice. Huaccoc Leon, Gregorio Surco Quispe and Bernardino Quispe simple black leather jacket. Ap­ who is being defended by Dra. The defense also filed objec­ L a v illa . parently, he let his beard grow Caller. The latter attorney, to­ tions over a series of legal “ omis­ (Continued on Page 5) ■:*. Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, September 19, 1966 aitiiimmiiiiiiiiii' THE NATIONAL PICKET LINE Role of Nazis in Fanning Inflation Sparks Strikes Chicago Racist Attacks The first six months of 1966 re­ come, after taxes and cost of liv­ respect and that in future walk­ vealed a rise in rank-and-file union ing adjustments, had declined 21 outs, the company should “not put By Herman Porter militancy that was totally unex­ cents a week from $88.09 to a car at the foot of the driveway pected by all the so-called labor $87.88. to the parking lot so the workers CHICAGO, Sept. 11 — After young white racists. The rally was experts, who had earlier predicted In the face of these facts, even can leave the plant.” creating an unexpected stir for held in Marquette Park, in the a year of labor peace. These pre­ some union officials are being An example of growing com­ the past month and after much heart of the neighborhood that had dictions were partially based on prodded into conceding there is pany resistance to on-the-job griev­ publicity, the heralded march and responded most violently to the a U.S. Labor Department report justification for the growing mood ances is currently occurring at rally organized by George Lincoln marches. that expiring union contracts cov­ of rank-and-file militancy. AFL- the Lockheed Shipyard in Seattle Rockwell and his American Nazi Rockwell called another rally ering 5,000 or more w orkers CIO research director Nat Gold- w hich employs 5,000 and is re­ Party yesterday turned out to be in Marquette Park the following would involve a total of less than finger, for example, recently said: ferred to as the “snakepit” by for­ a flop. Sunday, Aug. 21, at w hich some a million union members in nego­ “The trade unions have taken a mer Lockheed workers. Conditions Rockwell and the Nazis moved 1,500 people appeared. A consider­ tiations this year. This compares clobbering over the past few are so miserable that there has into Chicago last month to try to able section of the crowd was with a projected figure of mome years. A ll the figures show a shift been almost a 100 percent turn­ build their fascist organization made up of foreign-born, pro­ than 2,000,000 in 1967. in income distribution toward pro­ over of young trainees in one through an effort to mobilize the fascist elements who were ready racists and ultra-right-wing ele­ A more recent report by the La­ fits and away from wage and skilled craft alone. to shout such slogans as “K ill the ments in this city. Rockwell pre­ bor Department, however, showed salary payments.” Jews.” A t this meeting, which rep­ sented his racist agitation as an that work stoppages have actually W illiam Blackburn, president of M a n y Q u it resented Rockwell’s greatest suc­ answer to Martin Luther King and Increased nearly 15 percent over a Pennsylvania local of the In­ cess, he announced that he would The Boilermakers Union, which the Chicago Freedom Movement the recession year of 1960. For the ternational Union of Electrical lead a march into the South Side supplies most of the skilled and as an answer to “black rev­ month of May alone, before the Workers (IUE) claimed three ghetto for “white power” on Sept. mechanics in the Shipyard, re­ olution.” The Freedom Movement, start of the airline machinists’ months ago that recent rises in 10. The march was to be followed ports that approximately 200 which is made up of King’s South­ Strike, some 2,870,000 man-days the cost of living have eaten up by a rally at the Coliseum which Boilermakers either quit in dis­ ern Christian Leadership Confer­ were lost as a result of strikes. half the pay increases that local seats 5,000 or m ore people. gust or were fired since Jan. 1. ence and the Co-ordinating Coun­ This is the highest May total in members have obtained since One of the threats used by Lock­ cil of Community Organizations Big Publicity seven years. 1960. “Every time the cost of liv­ heed against the workers is that headed by A1 Raby, has been en­ ing index comes out,” said Black­ Though Rockwell and the Nazis The principal demand in these they are inefficient, and the com­ gaged in a campaign to win open burn, “we get a lot of grumbling.” continued to get enormous televi­ strikes is for higher wages to com­ pany is considering importing housing since King’s massive rally He indicated this “grumbling” sion and press publicity, they held bat a soaring rise in the cost of Japanese workers to fill their in Soldiers Field, July 12. was not the result of a change in no other public events until the living. The cause of the strikes, jobs. King’s strategy in the campaign policy by union leaders, however, march yesterday. however, is the greed of the bosses Another symptom of discontent has been to pressure the Daley and that grievances were “com­ In the meantime, King reached who are jealously guarding con­ in the unions is opposition to administration to give concessions ing in not at our urging.” an agreement with Mayor Daley tinuing record profits by stiffen­ sweetheart contracts negotiated by by exposing the deep-going racism to call off his marches. The “con­ ing their resistance to workers’ Workers’ grievances are not con­ union leaders. IUE members in that underlies Chicago’s segregat­ cessions” won were purely token, demands. One of the levers they fined to wages alone, and there is Johnstown, Pa., for example, re­ ed pattern of housing. King has led however. Led by Robert Lucas, are using is President Johnson’s substantial evidence to show that turned to work in July after a his followers in marches into some head of Chicago CORE, some of 3.2 percent wage-increase guide­ dissatisfaction with working con­ six-week strike against the Penn­ of the most notoriously racist sec­ the more militant participants line, which was projected last year ditions is the second-most reason sylvania Electric Company. Dur­ tions of the city and immediate sought to continue the campaign precisely for this reason. for-growing unrest. The New York- ing this lengthy walkout, they suburbs. The marchers, committed with a march into Cicero on Sept. based American Arbitration Asso­ turned down three company of­ to nonviolence, were met by howl­ Wage Increases 4. Though hundreds of racist ciation (AAA) recently reported fers and, in each case, pressured ing racist mobs with bricks and whites gathered in many places Despite this sweetheart deal th a t it had 4,097 labor grievances union negotiators to go back for bottles. with Johnson, most of the compa­ filed with it in 1965, about 27 a better settlement. along the route of the march, the First Moves Nazis did not intervene. nies struck this year have been percent more than in 1960, and Another factor not to be over­ forced to make concessions, and higher than any previous year in The first big march occurred on A ll of the efforts of Rockwell’s looked is that rank-and-file work­ July 31, and large ones were held wage increases are reportedly its records. The AAA claims that ers are showing an increasing w il­ followers were directed toward averaging around five percent. grievances this year are continu­ on succeeding Sundays. Rockwell building their march and rally on lingness to strike at a time when and the Nazis intervened early in This modest violation of John­ ing to pour in at a near-record Johnson and the boss class are Sept. 10. Reportedly, 40 Nazis from son’s wage guidelines still falls level. August in an effort to gain public­ across the country were mobilized escalating their dirty war in Viet­ ity and adherents to fascism by far short of the continuing in­ nam and trying to bleed the mul­ in Chicago. flationary bite into the real wages Tenna Strike winning the leadership of the ti-billion dollar cost of the war racists and mobilizing them in ac­ But the march fizzled. It began of workers. An example of this was the out of the hides of the American with fewer than 100 people, most A sample of the attrition of tion against the civil rights move­ one-day strike at the Tenna Cor­ working people. of them the out-of-town Nazis, workers’ living standards was con­ ment. R ockw ell’s in itia l success in poration in Cleveland, Ohio, last Their phony wage guidelines, and grew to a peak of about 150 tained in a mid-July report by the evoking a response among racist spring when workers walked off combined with the war-bred in­ marchers near the end. The last Bureau of Labor Statistics. It re­ and rightwing elements came as the job after allegedly protesting flation, are chewing up modest half of the line was made up al­ ported that after-tax average earn­ a surprise to almost everyone. No that it was too hot to work. The wage increases won by workers most exclusively of teen-age boys, ings of all factory workers in June one suspected that these self­ company claimed they went out almost as fast as they are re­ picked up along the route. had remained unchanged from the avowed followers of Hitlers would because “it was just a beautiful ceived. Though Rockwell bragged a previous month, but that the rise gain any significant following. day.” It subsequently turned out great deal at the rally that night in the cost of living had taken One effective way to combat At first, the Nazis handed out that the strikers were actually about having marched through a 25-cent-a-week bite out of spend­ this attack on living standards is large numbers of printed signs protesting a new speed-up proce­ the ghetto, most of the march was able income. The report added for rank-and-file militants to be­ with just the slogan “white dure the company was introduc­ through a completely white area that the weekly income of a fac­ gin to push for a sliding scale of power” and the swastika on them. ing. of private homes. The march did tory worker with three depend­ wages clause in all union con­ These were taken up in the racist go several blocks into a predom­ ents rose fro m $96.99 in June, The walkout was so solid that tracts. Under such a agreement, neighborhoods and were carried inantly black adjoining area of 1965, to $99.22 in June of 1966. the company was unable either to wages would automatically rise by the hostile spectators along the private homes — which could not In this one year, the spendable in- fire or suspend any workers. They every time the cost of living in­ route of King’s marches. paid the strikers for the time they dex went up. This demand will On Sunday, Aug. 14, John Pat- be termed the ghetto. were out and agreed to accept help put some real meaning into ler, Rockwell’s chief lieutenant Only 150 attended the rally at grievances filed during the strike. the workers’ struggle against in­ and the editor of the “Storm the Coliseum. Rockwell had an­ Among these were the demands flation. Trooper,” succeeded in whipping nounced there w ould be 5,000 to that workers be treated with more —Tom Leonard up a crowd of several hundred 10,000 people. Aside from the core of Nazis, most of the audience was The rate for advertising In thii column middle-aged, many of them old, b 40 cants a line. Display ads ara $2 a foreign-born Bundists who hadn’t column Inch. Thora Is a tan percent dis­ had a chance to “Sieg Heil” at a count for regular advertisers. Advertising m : public meeting in decades. must reach us by the Monday prior to the data of publication. The day’s events demonstrated that though Rockwell had gotten great publicity, and the Nazis had DETROIT m m :- been able to agitate considerable OUR TIMES AND THE NUREMBER6 numbers with their racist line, TRIALS. Speaker, Ernest Goodman, C ivil they had attracted very few new Liberties Attorney. Fri., Sept. 23, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward Ave. Ausp. people to their fascist program and Friday Night Socialist Forum. organization. At the rally, Rockwell explained the Nazi program for solving the v. LOS ANGELES “Negro problem.” He called for a THE WHITE MAN RETURNS — Neo­ convention to amend the Constitu­ colonial Coups in Africa. Speaker, H ay­ tion and require that Negroes be den Perry. Fri., Sept. 23, 8:30 p.m. deported back to Africa. Some of 1702 E. Fourth St. C ontrib. $1.00. Ausp. the boats might leak and might Militant Labor Forum. not make it, he explained. Five or six million would volunteer to MINNEAPOLIS leave, he predicted. The rest would FRANZ J. T. LEE, member of the be put on reservations. African People's Democratic Union of “If they continue with black Southern Africa, executive secretary of revolution, we must exterminate the Alexander Defense Committee, them,” Rockwell said. He men­ speaks on The Fight Against Apartheid tioned Stokely Carmichael and in South Africa. Fri., Sept. 23, 8:30 p.m. 704 Hennepin St., Room 240. Ausp. Fri­ Robert Lucas as types due for ex­ day Night Socialist Forum. termination. R ockw ell’s successes in Chicago show once more the depths of the N E W YORK racist attitudes inculcated in WALTER SCHNEIR, co-author of In­ whites in this society — in North­ vitation to an Inquest, speaks on THE ern cities as well as in Mississip­ LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN THE pi. They show also that this racism ROSENBERS-SOBEL CASE. Fri., Sept. 23, 8:30 p.m. 873 Broadway a t 18th St. creates a great potential reservoir Contrib. $1. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. for a fascist movement. Monday, September 19, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Three

A THOROUGHGOING FRAUD The Saigon Elections

By Dick Roberts What was elected was not a body the six days following that. This with legislative powers, but one hardly speaks for a “greatly SEPT. 13 — The results of the which has the sole right of draw­ stepped up campaign of terror.” Sept. 11 elections in south Viet­ ing up a constitution — and one But the elections themselves are nam have been greeted by Saigon which w ill be automatically dis­ not the major question. More and Washington alike as a vic­ banded at the end of a six-month significant is the fact that these tory over the guerrillas, compara­ period. Furthermore, the ruling elections are one step in the much ble to the victory the Viet Minh Saigon junta has veto power over greater strategy of the U.S. pup­ scored over the French at Dien- all decisions made by the 117-man- pet regime to isolate and crush all bienphu. “ We are heartened by the body with less than a two-thirds internal opposition outside of the fact that the elections were held,” m ajority. region directly controlled by the the White House stated, “and National Liberation Front. heartened by the size of the heavy This means that with a bloc of It need be recalled that for over turnout as reported.” 40 representatives in the constitu­ tional assembly, the junta w ill rule three months of this year, from In Saigon, New York Times supreme. And that much is cer­ mid-March to late June, there correspondent Charles Mohr re­ tainly guaranteed, considering that were demonstrations almost every ported similar feelings: “ The large the majority of those elected were day in the three large Vietnamese turnout of registered voters in either active or former military cities against the puppet govern­ south Vietnam’s national elections men, civil servants in the Saigon ment and against U.S. interven­ yesterday,” Mohr wrote Sept. 12, administration or other represen­ tion in Vietnamese affairs. Those “ w ill force north Vietnam ‘to have tatives of the bureaucracy on demonstrations went much farther second thoughts’ about the war provincial levels. than calling for “elections.” and ‘to adopt a wiser attitude,’ the Many marchers called for U.S. south Vietnamese chief of state Large Turnout? withdrawal from Vietnam and said tonight. The only argument that apolo­ practically all of them demonstrat­ “According to figures issued by gists for the U.S.-puppet regime ed sympathy with the idea of im­ the governm ent today, 4,274,812 of are left with is the one that there mediate negotiations with the was a large turnout for the elec­ the nation’s 5,289,652 registered NLF. AGAINST KY REGIME. Saigon students during demonstrations tions, in spite of the “Vietcong voters cast ballots. That was 80.8 The major question is, what last spring against Ky dictatorship. percent . . terrorism.” But this argument is happened to this opposition? And And in^the U.S. Senate, minor­ suspect, too. Registration for the the answer lies in a closer ex­ ity whip* Thomas Kuchel from elections was not voluntary. It was amination of the events between would entail force and probably quisite of continuing the military California declared that the elec­ automatic. In local districts, actual the first Hue demonstration last bloodshed, United States officials regime. But it could not stop tion was “an extraordinary dem­ voting was conducted under m ili­ March, and the Sept. 11 elections. say. They add that force, while it there. Once Hue and Danang were onstration by a poor and humble ta ry rule. These events can be roughly bro­ must be used judiciously, should m ilitarily occupied, Ky established people of their courageous devo­ NBC-TV news, Sept. 11, showed ken down into four phases: not be shrunk from. martial law in Saigon itself. This tion to the cause of self-govern­ one voting place where the voters • March 10-April 14. The dis­ “Control over Hue,” Sheehan required crushing one after an­ ment . . . The Vietcong may well had been rounded up and trucked missal of General Nguyen Chanh continued, “can be achieved later, other student revolt with riot- have suffered their Dienbienphu — to the polls in U.S. army vehicles. Thi leads to a series of militant officials say. The junta is being squad cops, cordoning o ff the stu­ at the poll.” And in the week prior to elec­ demonstrations, particularly in advised to isolate the city by cut­ dent and Buddhist headquarters But the official enthusiasm is tions, the so-called terrorist at­ Hue and Danang, but then also in ting off its road, rail and sea links. with barbed wire and maintaining not very persuasive. The elections tacks had declined considerably. Saigon, culminating in an agree­ Hue is dependent on the outside an early curfew for a number of excluded not only the National The New York Times reported ment between Ky and the Unified for its food supplies. At the same days. Liberation Front, but also the Sept. 9 that there had been an Buddhist Church to hold new elec­ time, the officials say, the junta Does killing and imprisoning the Buddhist opposition which had average of 817 incidents weekly tions. should move firm ly against Bud­ leadership of the Buddhist move­ begun the struggle for elections in May, compared to 517 in the • April 14-May 15. The dem­ dhist students who have been or­ ment and staging a rigged election last March to begin with. week ending Sept. 3, and 358 in constitute a final victory for onstrations do not subside. They ganizing the demonstrations.” become larger and more militant. democracy, Ky-Johnson-style, in Before “Agreement” Vietnam? Troops and policemen join in; workers at the U.S. air base in This was w ritte n , it is to be The answer is also in the events Margaret Sanger, A Heroic Fighter Danang go on strike. noted, before the agreement was themselves. Many thousands of reached between Tri Quang and • May 15-June 20. Ky attacks students, workers, soldiers and Premier Ky on April 14, that elec­ Danang, and after crushing the even police were involved in the For Basic Human Rights, Dies at 82 tions should be held. In that agree­ opposition in this city, attacks Hue, spring demonstrations. They were ment, further, the constituent as­ June 17. Buddhist leader Thich T ri often self-armed, and they made By Evelyn Reed sembly was to include the Unified Quang is arrested in Hue, June their own slogans, sometimes Buddhist Church and it was to Margaret Sanger, world-re­ The knowledge and means of 20, a fter a fu tile passive resistance going far beyond the minimal have legislative powers. nowned pioneer advocate of the birth control are still withheld effort. Ky announces, “As far as demands of the leaders. When T ri basic human right of birth con­ from many Americans, as well as I ’m concerned, it’s all over. We are But it was Washington’s advice Quang had made the April agree­ trol, died Sept. 6 on the eve of people in other nations. State laws over the hump.” and not Premier Ky’s word that ment, the Wall Street Journal of her 83rd birthday. For more than forbid free dissemination of birth- • June 20-Sept. 11. Demonstra­ was followed. Once having ob­ A pril 19 questioned it because, half a century, this woman con­ control inform ation and access to tained Tri Quang’s agreement in tions continue for several days in Called a Hoax ducted a struggle for all other its techniques. These remain, by Saigon, but they are crushed by mid-April, Ky’s police forces be­ women against a colossal combine and large, a privilege of more af­ troops and riot-squad cops. M a r­ gan stepping up their repression. “Buddhist soldiers and students of Established Reaction which fluent and better educated individ­ tial law is established. Leaders are When Danang was crushed in late are denouncing the monk-general chained them to ignorance, fears uals and families. Poverty and arrested. This is followed by a May, Tri Quang again went into accord as a hoax that would per­ and superstitions. Her passing w ill ignorance deprive those women consolidation of military control opposition and was more out­ mit the generals to rally strength be mourned and her achievements who need it most of the means for in all three cities and preparations spoken in his attacks on the U.S. over the next few months and saluted by grateful millions. planned parenthood. for “ free elections.” — blaming Johnson directly for then to crush their opponents.” Today “family planning” is re­ Taboos Declining- These events do not spell out a the Danang assault. It is true that the Tri-Quang garded as thoroughly respectable, The real details of the attack on But the taboos are gradually growth of support for the Ky re­ leadership vacillated and finally the only civilized way to deal with Danang and then Hue, where Tri breaking down. Even the Catholic gime leading to acceptance of the was crushed, but this is not to reproduction in human, not ani­ Quang surrendered, have never hierarchy, the most rigid opponent idea of “democratic elections.” say that the many thousands of mal, terms. To clear the way for been released,' and it may be some of this emancipatory movement, They spell out the crushing of an people in the ranks — who car­ accepting this concept, Margaret time before the real truth comes is beginning to bend a little. Last incipient civil war within a civil ried the whole movement to new Sanger had to endure unremitting out about the fate of the opposi­ month a group of mothers, chil­ war, and primarily through the heights of militancy, even after the persecution by legal authorities tional leaders. An idea of what dren and college students dem­ decapitation of its leadership. April agreement — have been and the church, including criminal happened to some of them was onstrated in front of New York’s Washington did not sit idly by crushed or simply thoroughly de­ indictments, a jail term, organ­ while all this was happening. hinted at in a Reuters dispatch moralized. ized raids on her birth-control St. Patrick’s Cathedral to hasten a datelined Saigon, Aug. 13: favorable decision from the Va­ From the very beginning, it was The war has escalated day after clinics and police attacks on her “Four hundred soldiers and tican. clear where Johnson stood, and he day, and the U.S. atrocities which meetings. In 1914, she was made civilians who allegedly took part Margaret Sanger’s achievement did not at that time consider the impelled the rebellion six months liable to a prison term of 45 years Unified Buddhist Church some in the abortive Buddhist move­ demonstrates how even “ a minor­ ago are taking place on a doubled under the Comstock law for the small minority that could easily be ment to unseat the Saigon govern­ ity of one,” with a correct and and trebled scale. The chances are “suppression of vice.” Her “crime” shrugged off. “The Johnson ad­ ment earlier this year are being necessary idea, can generate Ky’s and Johnson’s election eu­ was sending birth-control inform­ ministration’s overriding concern detained on an island near Cam­ enough power to prevail against phoria w ill be short-lived — and ation through the mails! in south Vietnam’s political crisis,” bodia, a freed prisoner said here seemingly overwhelming and in­ it w ill ultimately be shattered by Until after the First World War, the New York Times reported today . . . surmountable prejudice and con­ the very people who were sup­ Margaret Sanger stood virtually A pril 7, “is said to be the survival “The ex-prisoner said he was servatism. This valiant woman posed to have turned out in such alone except for a small band of of the 10-man m ilitary junta, with one of the 89 soldiers who were surprising numbers, Sept. 11. promoted a worldwide movement progressive women, some of them or without Premier Nguyen Cao released yesterday from a m ili­ by holding firm and fast to her Socialists. In the course of time, K y at its head.” tary jail on Phuquoc Island after this originator of the phrase “birth humanitarian principles. two months’ detention. control” acquired a growing corps In a rational society, planned U.S. Gives Word “He said most of the prisoners of supporters and defenders of her procreation w ill go hand in hand How was this to be done? The on the island were soldiers from Books, cause. B y 1937, even the hide­ with a planned economy. This inside word came from New Y ork the two northern cities of Hue and bound American Medical Associa­ combination can be achieved only Times reporter Neil Sheehan from Danang, the main strongholds of Pamphlets tion recognized birth control as through an enlightened socialist Saigon, April 11. “Senior United the three-months-long Buddhist part of legitimate medical prac­ order, created by working men and States officials here,” Sheehan revolt, Which the government tice. women to fu lfill their needs. declared, “are understood to feel crushed in May and June. The On Vietnam About 10 years later, the Amer­ If an indomitable woman “in that south Vietnam’s military prisoner said the captives in­ ican Birth Control League, estab­ league with the future” could junta must combine political con­ cluded 30 army officers of the rank lished in 1921, became the influen­ bring about such impressive re­ cessions with a policy of firmness of captain or above.” tial Planned Parenthood Federa­ sults in the single area of birth towards dissidence and street The only leader not imprisoned tion of America. It comprises more control, cannot a devoted minority violence if it hopes to survive . . . or killed, so far as is ascertain­ than 250 centers in 150 cities. The of revolutionary socialists, armed “The Americans feel the junta able, appears to be Thich Tri Merit Publishers International Planned Parenthood with a full program of emancipa­ should re-establish control over Quang himself who has been hos­ Federation, headed by Margaret tion, set forces into motion which Danang, now in the hands of Bud­ pitalized on a hunger strike since 5 East Third St. Sanger, has become a worldwide w ill accomplish much more? The dhist leaders and rebellious army his capture. movement with 38 member organ­ answer is implicit in the example units . . . The occupation of Dan­ The crushing of tjie Buddhist New York, N. Y. 10003 izations in 88 countries. set by Margaret Sanger. ang by pro-government troops leadership was the main prere­ Page F o u r THE MILITANT Monday, September 19, 1966 ... Fort Hood 3 Appeal INTERVIEW WITH SNCC LEADER What Really Happened in Atlanta By Barry Sheppard crowd at any cost. ‘Get them off Marion Barry, SNCC lead- Shirley Wright works for the the streets!” he shouted. ‘Tear Student Nonviolent Coordinating in Washington, D.C., was also down their homes if necessary!’ Committee’s New York office. She in Atlanta when the police “The police attack was brutal. was in Atlanta when the first of attack occurred. He said: It was a horrible thing to see. the recent outbreaks occurred, at­ “Never seen anything like They fired riot guns and pistols tending a central committee meet­ it. Little kids, seven or into the a ir and threw tear gas ing of the militant organization. eight years old, were hit into the crowd. They drove police Miss Wright granted an interview w ith tear gas cannisters. vans directly into the demonstra­ to The Militant on Sept. 9, tors and grabbed people off the Black women were clubbed describing the events leading up streets and took them off to jail. to the frame-up arrests of SNCC to the ground. Anyone who They threw tear gas into people’s leaders. was not moving fast enough houses, dragged them out and ar­ Miss Wright told me that the was immediately arrested rested them. Sixty-five people in incident which triggered the and thrown head first into all were arrested at that time. “riot” was the police shooting of a police van. Four SNCC workers were ar­ a young man, Harold Prather, on rested. Tuesday afternoon, Sept. 6. Pra­ “ Cops fired tear gas in ­ discriminately into the homes “The crowd grew to about 1,000. ther was driving a car when po­ People started throwing bricks lice stopped him, because, they of black people who were not even on the streets. Lit­ and bottles at the police. What say, they suspected him of steal­ started as a protest march became ing it. The cops had handcuffed tle kids came out gasping for a struggle in self-defense in re­ Prather when he allegedly broke air. Cops went onto black sponse to the attack by the police. and ran away. They chased after people’s porches to beat and If the police had left the area, him and shot him. He collapsed Minneapolis Tribune Photo arrest them. During this pe­ the outbreak would not have oc­ in a pool of blood on his mother’s riod, several police cars were curred.” DEFEND FT. HOOD THREE. Minnesota Committee to End the porch. stoned, and several police­ Miss W right returned to the area War in Vietnam held street meeting Sept. 6 on case of antiwar Prather’s mother said he was men were injured.” later that night, with other SNCC GIs. Speaking is Jack Marsh, Socialist Workers Party candidate driving the car of a friend who workers, to talk to the people in for congress from Minnesota’s fifth district. had frequently lent it to him. the neighborhood. “There were A crowd had gathered during streets, shouting ‘police brutality' hundreds of police cars. Every these events and had become five minutes we were stopped by (Continned from Page 1) are legal means available to seek enraged watching the shooting of and ‘black power.’ A white man plane to Vietnam, knowing in ad­ justice and a fair hearing for the drove up to the crowd and got police with guns drawn, and told Prather. They decided to hold a to get out,” she said. vance they would not comply with Fort Hood Three. We will con­ demonstration protesting police out of his car with a gun. The “These events, and the cam­ the order. tinue to raise the question upon brutality — something the people crowd took away his gun, and • Upon their detention by the w hich this case is based — w heth­ turned over his car.” paign to persecute SNCC, the ar­ in this poor, all-black neighbor­ rests of Stokely Carmichael and Army, Faulkner sought a w rit of er a soldier has the freedom to Then “Mayor Ivan Allen came hood were quite familiar with. the others, have brought out the habeus corpus from a U.S. court consider and decide whether he into the neighborhood to ‘quiet They called the SNCC headquar­ true racist character of the sup­ In Trenton on the grounds that w ill fight in a war which he con­ ters about the demonstration. the disturbance.’ He stood on top the detention was illegal. This siders ‘illegal, immoral and un­ posedly liberal city of Atlanta,” Stokely Carmichael and Cleve­ of a police car and told the peo­ Miss W right concluded. was denied and is now being ap­ ju st.’ land Sellers went to the neighbor­ ple in a very patronizing and pealed to the Third U.S. Court “The committee w ill continue,” hood, followed by Miss Wright condescending way to go home, of Appeals. the statement added, “so long as and others from the committee. and that the police were there to Committee Statement these three men are under charges, Carmichael stayed in the area only protect them. The people shouted ! The legal appeals are being or imprisoned, or under restric­ five or ten minutes, while Bill back that the police were there Antiwar Pickets made with the support of the tion of any sort, to fight for their Ware, SNCC Atlanta project direc­ to shoot and kill them, not to pro­ Fort Hood Three Defense Commit­ freedom and their complete vin­ tor, drove through the neighbor­ tect them. They began to raise Greet Johnson tee, under the co-chairmanship of dication. We appeal to the Amer­ hood in a sound truck denounc­ their grievances to the mayor. A. J. Muste and Staughton Lynd. ican people to aid us in this fight.” ing police brutality and talking “ But the mayor refused to listen In a statement on the convic­ Contributions to aid this strug­ about the demonstration. to the complaints of the people In Dayton, Ohio tions, the committee declared, gle may be sent to the Fort Hood Miss Wright said that three and was booed down by the “ This case is by no means closed. Three Defense Committee, 5 Beek- hours after the shooting, “about crowd. Allen became frenzied. He DAYTON, Ohio — About 175 It w ill continue as long as there man St., New York, N.Y. 10038. 400 people were m arching in the ordered the police to disperse the pickets were on hand in front of the main gate to the Montgomery County Fair here, when President Johnson spoke Sept. 3. The dem­ onstration, with signs demanding D.C. Conference on Black Power “End the War in Vietnam,” “Bring the Troops Home Now” and “ Free The first official report on the simply rejected unconditional non­ Previously, another—and partly black masses; m obilization of the the Fort Hood Three,” was begun Sept. 3 black power planning con­ violence and strongly endorsed different —• version of the Sept. total black community; stressing before the President arrived and ference held in Washington, D.C., self-defense to achieve the full 3 meeting had been given to the the needs of a human rights bill; continued until he left. Leafleting was made by Rep. Adam Clayton dignity of black peoplehood, which Associated Press by Ralph Moss, fighting for self-defense within had been planned, b ut the 5,000 Powell, Harlem Democrat, in a is in the great American tradi­ a 21-year-old Negro from Min­ black communities and elimina­ leaflets were confiscated by Secret Washington press conference on tion of self-defense.” neapolis who attended the confer­ tion of ‘Uncle Toms’ as leaders Service men before they could be Sept. 7. In a further definition of black ence and then decided to violate of the black communities . . . passed out. The Sept. 3 meeting voted to power, Powell said, “Black peo­ its decision not to give the press “Determining which is more Shortly before Johnson arrived, call a national convention of black ple themselves must develop black any interviews. politically feasible for the ad­ about 80 demonstrators entered power advocates in Washington, power — political, economic and Moss said he violated the deci­ vancement of black power, capi­ the fair-grounds and gathered in Oct. 15-16. It had voted not to cultural — before they seek any sion because he was “fearful of talism or socialism; cultural re­ a group less than 100 yards from release any information about its coalition with white people. In what it might mean. There was vitalization; the attainment of full where Johnson spoke. A t the first own proceedings, which were held short, as black people, we seek evident a great militancy that I’m manhood rights for the black mention of Vietnam, they raised in closed session. a coalition or a coexistence of afraid could lead to greater racial male; being wary of division a banner reading “Thou Shalt Not Powell said the Sept. 3 meeting power of equals based on the pro­ strife and violence.” among exponents of black power; K ill — End the War Now.” Police was attended by 169 Negroes from portionate strength of our num­ He represented a recently Future Plans tore the banner down and shoved 37 cities, 18 states and the Dis­ bers.” formed Minneapolis group, Pro­ “Strengthening the economic the group with billy clubs. When reporters asked him why trict of Columbia, representing a gram for the Advancement of power within the black commun­ The demonstration had consider­ Stokely Carmichael of the Stu­ C o m m u n ity Education, Inc. wide range of opinion. “Integra- ity; retaining property and the able impact. Johnson was speaking dent Nonviolent Coordinating (PACE), whose membership is tionists, political separatists and use of the land, free from archaic of the right to dissent, which con­ Committee and Floyd McKissick predominantly white, and which cultural nationalists — all were laws within the black community, trasted sharply with the police of the Congress of Racial Equality has been called “Uncle Tom.” represented,” he said. and making every black man and treatment of the demonstrators. had not attended the Sept. 3 meet­ According to the AP dispatch It had defined black power “ as woman a black voter. One Dayton man protested to the ing, Powell replied that CORE’S printed in the Minneapolis Tri­ a means for black people to make “Committee on Guidelines — the newspapers about police brutality associate director, Lincoln Lynch, bune, Sept. 4, Moss said the Sept. changes in society to achieve self- black man- must use the ballot. he had been victim to when he had been present. 3 meeting received committee re­ determination, self-respect and He must either infiltrate major was mistaken for one of the dem­ ports and adopted resolutions call­ self-defense, in other words, P o w ell’s Stand parties or start a new party. He onstrators. ing for Negroes to: mobilizing black strength to serve As for himself, Powell said, his must be offered voter education “Reject both political parties, as well as registration. He must the needs of the black people,” purpose was to try to get the form black parties and vote for retire ‘Uncle Toms’ (in Congress) Powell said. “ teen-agers and 20-year-olds, who black people. who represent no one but them­ New Edition I refer to as a new breed of cats” “The entire thrust of the con­ “Make every black man and selves. “ channeled” so that they can as­ ference was its emphasis on posi­ woman a black voter. “The economic boycott should sume constructive roles in Ameri­ tive accomplishments. Thus it was “Determine whether capitalism have two aims: consumer educa­ can society. (New York Times, Their Morals not anti-white, but pro-black. It or socialism is more feasible po­ tion and cleansing the black ghetto Sept. 8.) did not advocate violence, but litically for the advancement of of white merchants and to start And Ours black power. Negro co-ops, Negro stores, etc. “Reject the unconditional non­ “Money for starting these enter­ Marxist versus liberal violent theory and practice and prises should come from the Ne­ views on morality accept the right of self-defense.” gro upper or m iddle classes or Moss gave the following account from the white businessman, who Four essays by THE MILITANT of the committee reports, which is reaping profits from black Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN he claimed was based on his notes: ghettos.” Leon Trotsky "Committee on the Definition of Managing Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY Moss said that “the group also John Dewey Black Power — B lack power is adopted what he termed a minor­ Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, the means for black people to ity report, which was added to George Novack by The M ilitant Publishing Ass’n., 873 Broadway. New York, N. Y. 10003. Phone make changes in society to achieve the record, calling for black na­ 75 cents 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N. Y. Subscription: $3 a year: self-determination, self-respect and tionhood,” and that the recom­ Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4-50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily MERIT PUBLISHERS represent The Militant's views. These are expressed In editorials. self-defense. mendations for forming black “Committee on Goals of Black parties and rejecting nonviolence 5 East Third St., Power — Black power should be Vol. 30 - No. 33 <^^>345 Monday, September 19, 1966 were both adopted as resolu­ New York, N.Y., 10003 aimed at: communicating with the tions. Monday, September 19, 1966 THE MILITANT Page F ive

How Peruvian Peasants View Leader “ Devotion to Blanco Is Total” ( World. Outlook) — The tim­ has gone on hunger strikes 10 celerated due to the danger they ing of the trial of Hugo Blanco times as the only means to get saw in the peasants having no and his co-defendants is signifi­ better treatment, the longest be­ hope other than hope in the cant. It comes in the wake of the ing 28 days during Aug. 1965.” revolutionary unionism of Blanco. crushing of the new guerrilla The political importance of the “Devotion to Blanco is total; fronts that flared up in Peru last case can be gathered fro m the they don’t dare bring him to trial. year. As part of the campaign fact that in Peru, Hugo Blanco is I am referring to the unionized that ended with the murder of a legendary figure among the peasants. ‘He is our chief,’ they Javier Heraud, Luis de la Puente millions of peasants. Outside of say . . . And in every peasant’s and Guillermo Lobat6n, the Peru, his standing can be judged home, there is an empty bed. It’s Belaunde government opened a by the following statement made the one that was waiting hope­ nationwide witchhunt. In the at­ by Che Guevara in Algiers, July fully for the leader when he was mosphere of terror that still exists 23, 1963: going around the region organiz­ in Peru, the authorities evidently “Hugo Blanco is the head of ing or when he was passing dur­ count on disposing of Hugo Blanco one of the guerrilla movements ing the night, under the stars, and other revolutionary leaders in Peru. He struggled stubbornly fleeing from the police . . .” without touching off a reaction in but the repression was strong. I Became Trotskyist the labor and peasant movements don’t know what his tactics were, Hugo Blanco was a student of that could place the regime in im­ but his fall does not signify the agronomy at the University of mediate peril. end of the movement. It is only La Plata in Argentina when his All kinds of difficulties have a man that has fallen, but the interest was aroused in Trotsky­ been placed in the way of Hugo movement continues. One time, ism. He left the university and Blanco’s defense. “During the when we were preparing to make became a worker in a meat pack­ process of gathering information,” our landing from the Granma, ing plant at Berisso. Rapidly prov­ reports the Aug. 20 issue of and when there was great risk ing his capacities, he became one Revolución Peruana, the organ of that all of us would be killed, of the leaders of the Trotskyist the Frente de Izquierda Revolucio- Fidel said: ‘What is more impor­ wing of the Partido Socialista de nario [Revolutionary Left Front] tant than us is the example' we la Revoluci6n Nacional [Socialist which is headed by Hugo Blanco, set’ It’s the same thing. Hugo Party of the National Revolution], “he was denied use of the most Blanco has set an example, a good the predecessor of the present elementary juridical norms of de­ example, and he struggled as fense. EVen worse, a harsh regime much as he could. But he suf­ Partido Revolucionario de los Tra- bajadores [Revolutionary Workers was imposed on him and he was fered a defeat, the popular forces Party], in Argentina. kept permanently incommunicado. suffered a defeat. I t ’s only a pass­ Returning to Peru, he became His attorneys were jailed, as in ing stage. Afterward will come a leader in a local of a building the case of D r. V icto r Angeles, another stage.” who was held for eight months in trades union in Lima and also the penal colony of El Sepa in Journalist’s O pinion of the Peruvian Trotskyist move­ 1964, and likewise Dr. Alfredo In his book Cuzco: Tierra y ment. He was one of the organ­ Battilana who was held for three Muerte [Cuzco: Land and Death], izers of the demonstrations that months in 1965.” published in Lima in 1964, Hugo greeted Richard Nixon in the ill- During his three years and Neira of the staff of the Lima fated 1958 South American tour three months in prison at Are- d aily Expreso, described the way of the vice-president of the Unit­ q u ip a , continues Revolución the peasants view Hugo Blanco: ed States. Peruana, Hugo Blanco “has been “Fought by the right, his image The Lima police sought to ar­ held incommunicado all this time, distorted by prestige due to er­ rest Hugo Blanco for his role in without visits even from his rela­ roneous reports about him being organizing a welcome of this kind tives. He has been held in isola­ a guerrilla fighter, injured by the in Lima for Nixon, and he went tion from the rest of the prison silence, if not sabotage, of the into hiding in his home town, inmates. His correspondence, as traditional, bureaucratic groups of Cuzco. At the time, the peasant well as reading matter, has been Communism, extolled by the FIR, movement was on the rise in the rigorously censored by the officers feared and hated by the unorgan­ area. The main peasant organiza­ of the Republican Guard. In ad­ ized yanaconas and the hacenda- tion was dominated by lawyers dition, Major G. R. Del Carpio dos, admired by the union ranks, belonging to the Communist has lately intensified his provoca­ Hugo Blanco looms over the whole Party. tions against Hugo Blanco, through South. Hugo Blanco became deeply in­ constant insults and open provo­ “This is the straight truth, with­ volved in this movement. He had cations, with the obvious aim of out falsification, of what this several advantages. Besides the faking an attack in order to kill man, who is a prisoner today in understanding of the class strug­ him in cold blood, as was done Arequipa, means to the peasant gle gained from his study of with the peasant leader of Chum- masses . . . ‘We owe him every­ Trotskyist theory and his experi­ bivilcas, Arcadio Hurtado, July thing,’ say the peasants. In fact ence in practical work in both 26, 1964, in the Cuzco ja il. every change in Convenci6n and Argentina and Lima, his native “Due to all this, Hugo Blanco elsewhere in the country, was ac- tongue was Quechua, the language tion of a superficial appreciation his best to put the role of guer­ still spoken by the Peruvian of the Cuban Revolution. To many rillas into proper focus. The dis­ peasants since the time of the revolutionary-minded youth, it ap­ tinctions he made were not widely Incas. peared that a revolution could be known, however, and he himself 400 at Socialist Scholars Conference In contrast to the Communist won by merely constituting a became known as a guerrilla Party leaders, who spoke only small band of guerrillas willing leader, despite his insistence on Spanish, Hugo Blanco became the to engage in heroic battles with the primary importance of mass Sign Petition to Free Hugo Blanco first leader of Federación Cam- the armed forces. What was lost work and party building. pesina del Cuzco [Cuzco Peasant sight of was the need to become The Peruvian armed forces Almost 400 participants in the Brown, Fairleigh Dickinson Uni­ Federation] who could speak to deeply immersed in mass w ork. found it extremely difficult to cap­ second Socialist Scholars Confer­ versity, Madison, N. J.; James the membership in their own lan­ Isolated battles were not sufficient ture Hugo Blanco, due to his close ence, held in New York, Sept. 9- O’Connor, economist and writer guage. He became a powerful ex­ to set mass forces into motion. ties with the peasants. It was only 11, signed a petition to Peruvian on Latin American affairs, San ponent of the right of the peasants A strong tendency thus ap­ when he had to enter Cuzco in President Fernando Belaunde Jose State College, California. to preserve and to develop their peared in Peru to misread the pos­ desperate need of medical help Terry for amnesty for Hugo Blan­ Also, Ruth Gage Colby, Wom­ own language and to use it in all sibilities of guerrilla war. Hugo that they finally got their hands co and his 28 co-defendants now en’s International League for matters relating to governmental Blanco stood against this, doing on the young leader. on trial in Tacna, Peru. Peace and Freedom; Professor and civic affairs. The list was headed by the two Oliver Lous, Antioch College, Mass Straggle main guest speakers of the con­ Ohio; Joseph Hansen, editor of ference, Isaac Deutscher, world- The Militant; Victor Rabinowitz, In opposition to the Communist famous historian, and Professor civil liberties attorney; William leaders, who were tied to a Stalin­ ... Blanco Trial Under Way Conor Cruise O’Brien, Albert Ash, philosopher; Alfred Evenit- ist background and who sought (Continued from Page 1) Schweitzer Professor of Humani­ sky, editor, Science & Society; to confine the peasant struggle to fendants was increased to 29 ties, New York University. Emile Capouya, literary critic; merely legal means and court bat­ during the more than three years when the peasant Basilio Alvarez, Alex Munsell, publisher; Joseph tles, Hugo Blanco advanced a he was held incommunicado in who had been sick, was brought Noted Signers prison in Arequipa. M. Gilman, economist; Professor program of mass struggle. The ob­ in. The day was spent with the The signers included such dis­ Aileen Kraditor, Rhode Island jective was to form powerful The charges against Hugo Blan­ prosecution reading into the rec­ tinguished academic figures and co include involvement in the University; Dr. Annette Ruben- peasant unions that would engage ord depositions of witnesses con­ left American intellectuals as the death of three members of the stein, author and literary critic; in mass actions, particularly cerning guerrilla incidents in newly-elected president of the armed forces, killed during the George Novack, Marxist theoreti­ around the land question, under which Hugo Blanco was allegedly Conference, Professor Eugene struggles initiated by the govern­ cian. the guidance of a revolutionary involved. The session of Sept. 2 Genovese of Rutgers University, socialist party. ment to suppress the peasant was spent in a similar way. New Jersey; Paul Booth, a leader Frank Kofsky, historian, Uni­ This program did not deny the movement. He is charged in ad­ On Sept. 3, the prosecution’s of Students for a Democratic So­ versity of Pittsburgh; Professor role of armed struggle, but visual­ dition with “treason,” dissemina­ reading of the depositions of the ciety; Herbert Aptheker, historian David Herreshoff, Wayne State ized this, including the formation tion of “red literature” and in­ defendants began. Hugo Blanco and leading theorist of the Amer­ University, Detroit, Michigan; Lew of guerrillas, as subordinate to the volvement in the training of peas­ spent six and a half hours listen­ ican Communist Party; Harvey Jones, National Chairman, Young problem of organizing a revolu­ ants in the use of arms. ing to the prosecution’s version Swados, novelist; Paul Sweezy, Socialist Alliance; M anuela tionary party and mobilizing the The highly political nature of the of what he had allegedly said editor of Monthly Review; Profes­ Schleicher, Columbia University; peasants and workers on a mass trial is revealed by the mere fact during the investigative process. sor Franz Schurmann, University Saul Landau, writer; Bettina Ap­ scale. that the second day of the hear­ In the key case of H em an B ri- of California, Berkeley; Professor theker, Berkeley student leader. Under the leadership of Hugo ings (Aug. 31) was spent largely ceno Minauro, who was killed in Andres Gunder Frank, Sir George This group asked the Peruvian Blanco, the peasants of the valley with the prosecution reading ex­ a gun battle, Hugo Blanco de­ Williams University, Montreal, president to exercise clemency of La Convenci6n registered huge tracts from the literature distrib­ scribed how he had fired in self- Canada; James Petras, University and immediately liberate Hugo successes. Tw o factors, however, uted to the peasants in La Con- defense against the civil guard. of California, Berkeley, student Blanco and his co-defendants. prevented this movement from venci6n. The main point of the According to the press, the trial, of Latin American affairs; Pro­ Their voices lent support to the moving ahead to the conquest of prosecution was that this “red lit­ which is proceeding in drumhead fessor Marvin Gettleman, Colum­ appeal made by the national Pro- power. One was the loss of erature” openly “incited” the fashion in accordance with the bia University; Professor Nathan Amnesty Committee of Peru to militancy among those peasants land-hungry peasants to “rebel­ usual procedure of Peruvian Hare, Howard University, Wash­ free all the political prisoners who actually won plots of land. lion.” courts-martial, might last another ington, D.C.; Professor Robert S. now behind bars in that country. The other was the wide dissemina­ On Sept. 1, the number of de- six days. Page S ix THE MILITANT Monday, September 19, 1966

SPEAKS AT TRADE UNION CONGRESS Castro Analyzes Cuba’s Problems By Harry Ring privileged. This task, he said, has The solution to this labor short­ Fidel Castro delivered a major now largely been accomplished age, Castro said, lies in a qualita­ speech Aug. 29. Speaking at the and the unions must tackle the tive advance in mechanization. He closing session of the 12th con­ task of helping to raise the quality discussed a number of types of gress of the Central Organization and quantity of production. farm equipment already being of Cuban Trade Unions, he ad­ There are many complex prob­ used, or in the planning stage. dressed himself to a number of lems in this sphere, Castro ex­ It is no real solution, he argued, vital questions confronting the plained. He commented somewhat to look to volunteer labor from Cuban Revolution. He spoke for ruefully that some were under the students and city workers as a five hours. impression that the revolution had solution to the problem. Some peo­ The congress itself was marked not only abolished the exploita­ ple, he said, seem to want to solve by the dislodging of Lazaro Pena tion of human labor but the need all problems with such labor. Vol­ as general secretary of the labor for such labor as well. unteer labor, he said, must be confederation. He was replaced by A major problem, he said, was regarded as an instrument of edu­ Miguel Martin, 29. the drop in the productivity of cation, not an instrument of pro­ Pena, a long-time member of labor after the revolution. He of­ duction. the old Popular Socialist (Com­ fered an extensive, pedagogic ex­ Emphasizing that many officials munist) Party, had been the target planation of why there was such did not fully grasp the need for Of widespread rank-and-file crit­ a drop. He didn’t “denounce” mechanization as the basic solu­ icism for his bureaucratic prac­ those who were producing less, tion, Castro argued eloquently tices. A number of his associates as the New York Times inaccur­ against those who would solve the were also removed from their ately reported. Rather he offered problem of the farm labor short­ union posts by the congress. a basic explanation of the prob­ age with prisoner labor. In his speech, Castro vigorously lem. “When a problem arises,” he replied to critics who were ap­ He said: “For many workers said, “everybody asks for volun­ parently suggesting that Pena’s who were accustomed to seeing teers, students, women or prison­ removal was the result of “secta­ work as an instrument of exploita­ ers to help. A plan is conceived. rianism” on the part of himself tion . . . as an effort, as a sacrifice There are not enough hands. Ev­ and others associated with him in whose best fruits were enjoyed by erybody says prisoners should be others . . . the disappearance of used. the J u ly 26 Movement. BUILDERS. Cuban soldiers work on concrete slabs for pre-fabri- capitalism, the disappearance of “I say: No. Prisoners’ work The bulk of the Cuban premier’s cated homes. Cuba is seeking to expand its cement industry so address was devoted to the weighty the overseer, the foreman, the should be aimed at their rehabil­ it can provide more of the homes that are needed. problems confronting the revolu­ owner, the rural guard, the disap­ itation. Do people want to turn tion in the economic sphere. He pearance of that whole system this country into a concentration also hit out at critics in Cuba and that forced them to work a max­ camp? When they plan to do some­ are capable of departing from the gains of the Cuban Revolution elsewhere who depicted h im as a imum number of hours with a thing, all they can think of is the manuals. We are capable of using and added that’ Cuba had out­ “petit bourgeois adventurer” who maximum of intensity, meant, use of prisoners surrounded by our heads. Only maniacs and fools stripped Chile in one overriding deviated from Marxism-Leninism. simply, the relaxation of a series barbed wire. No. The revolution can believe they have a monopoly way: It had taken back its re­ He replied that such criticism of pressures that forced them to does not mean slave w o rk.” of the truth. The papacy is a sources and industries from the was a cover for failing to pursue that maximum effort in time and One way the labor shortage can medieval institution and pontifical imperialists and was operating a revolutionary line and for in­ intensity.” be alleviated, he said, is through infallibility is the furthest thing them for the benefit of the peo­ competence and bureaucratism in Socialist Consciousness the greater use of women in farm that can be found from Marxist ple. He challenged Frei to do like­ production. Stressing that women office. He declared the Cuban re­ “How could it be assumed,” he thought.” wise. must not be put in a position of gime would continue to press for Now is not the first time, he Noting that the Socialist Party asked, “that from one day to the doing heavy work, he said there a revolutionary course at home next, every worker would become recalled, that some people thought of Chile and the left wing of Frei’s were a number of forms of agri­ and would maintain its support of conscious of his great social re­ he and his co-thinkers were mis­ party had expressed the same view cultural activity that women could revolutionary policies abroad. sponsibilities, of his great duties?” taken. Such people also thought so of the Frei regime as the Cubans, effectively engage in, and that Regarding the labor congress it­ when the July 26 forces put for­ he added that “a so-called Com­ “It was logical,” he explained, such work was already proceeding self, he described the gathering “ that one of the first consequences ward the possibility of revolution, munist — perhaps he believes he on a planned, organized basis, with as the most democratic and rep­ of the breaking of the chains of the possibility of armed struggle, is one, and perhaps he actually women working in brigades while resentative yet held. He said that capitalist exploitation was a cer­ the possibility of taking power. is,” a man by the name of Millas, adequate nursery care was pro­ the new, united Communist Par­ tain slackening of discipline, a cer­ who had been in Cuba with a vided for their children. Everyone has the right to his ty had made a point of not pro­ tain relaxation of the intensity of own views, he continued, and so­ Chilean parliamentary delegation, Turning to the problem of the posing candidates in any union work, a certain drop in produc­ had expressed opposition to Cas­ housing shortage, he said that he cialism can be built only if there local and that, in fact, party mem­ tion, because the means being used are a great number of currents of tro’s July 26 blast at Frei. and other government officials bers in the unions had been asked by the capitalists to make the revolutionary thought. But there were constantly besieged wher­ Declaring he would not enter not to be the first to make nom­ workers produce could only be can be no imposition of views, he ever they went by people in need into a polemic on the issue, Cas­ inations, so that the mass of work­ declared. substituted by a socialist con­ of housing. Declaring that the need tro said: “The Communist Party ers might freely nominate and science — and a socialist con­ was genuine and widespread, he Against Exclusionism of Chile has issued no declaration elect those they felt should rep­ science could not be created in a in support of Millas’ statement. It went on to explain that it could Answering the charge of sec­ resent them at the congress. day.” has participated in rallies of solid­ not be solved on an individual tarianism over the changes in the Discussing the role of the unions Many workers, he added, who arity and defense of the Cuban basis, that trying to find a home union leadership, he declared: in the revolution, he said a change were ready to fight and die for Revolution and has made state­ for a particular individual who “We have always been enemies of had taken place. In the years im ­ the revolution, still took an easy­ ments of solidarity on the occa­ needed a home could only be done all forms of sectarianism. We have mediately following the revolu­ going attitude toward their work. sion of the 26th of July and — in at the expense of another needy never favored excluding anyone tion, he said, a principal job of “They did not see work as the our opinion — has taken no bel­ person. The only meaningful solu­ simply because he was not orig­ the unions was to eliminate the fundamental instrument for the ligerent attitude toward us.” capitalist heritage of inequality of tion, he insisted, was the rapid inally part of our rank and file liberation of a people . . . They did “Must all parties agree?” he wages and working conditions be­ expansion of the housing program. . . . On the contrary, we have been not see with full clarity that work This required, first of all, he said, added. “No. We cannot force any­ tween skilled and unskilled work­ was their fundamental social systematic enemies of, and an expansion of the cement in­ preached against such proce­ one to think as we do, but nobody ers, between privileged and non- duty.” dustry. He reported on work al­ dures.” can force us to think the same However, he stressed, this was ready in progress for a significant way as those we believe to be only one aspect of the problem. “ S till,” he added, “ there are some step-up in cement production. mistaken.” Another was the lack of trained who try to hide behind this ac­ Int'l Socialist Review Castro cited a number of gains administrative and supervisory cusation in order to cover up their in the sphere of production and personnel. For example, he point­ shortcomings, their incompetence.” Becomes a Bi-Monthly progress in a number of social ed to the fact that of the thousands Indonesian Assesses spheres. The masses, he declared, w ill The International Socialist Re­ of foremen appointed in the first not permit “the incompetent, the Abolition of Rent view has announced that begin­ years of the revolution, not one overly ambitious and those who Reasons Behind Defeat ning with the January-February, was a graduate of a technical He announced that the Council abuse their power” to lead a un­ An exceptionally important doc­ 1967, issue, the magazine w ill go school. Some had not gone beyond of Ministers intended to adopt a ion. ument has been published in the on a bi-monthly publication sched­ the second grade in school. law that would abolish all rents On the question of Cuba’s basic September 16 issue of World Out­ ule. Since 1954, the Marxist theo­ Discussing the perspectives of by 1970 at the latest. (Many Cuban political line, Castro declared: look, the international labor press retical magazine has been pub­ the Cuban economy, he said the city dwellers already are freed of “We do not forget that we are service. This is an analysis of the lished on a quarterly basis. The central task of the revolution for rent.) He said this loss of income a part of this world, that our fate role of the Communist Party of new subscription price will be a whole period of time must be would be made up in a number is the fate of this world, that our Indonesia, leading to the fatal $2.50 fo r six issues, and single the development of agriculture, of ways. For example, a number victory is the victory of this world bloodbath o f at least 300,000 per­ Issues will remain at 50 cents rather than industry. It is only in of ice cream plants are being built, against imperialism and that the sons last fall. The article is by apiece. this way, he said, that the people and the revenue from the ice defeat of that world would be our a young member of the party now Publication on a bi-monthly could be adequately fed and, at cream w ill make up for a share of defeat and our slavery . . . The living in exile. basis will enable the ISR to a the same time, the products made the lost rent income. It is better, other alternative is to be like In “Lessons from a Defeat,” the wider coverage of topical events readily available for export abroad he observed, to have people en­ ostriches, stick our head in the young revolutionary examines the and print timely material on the to secure the many commodities gaged in producing ice cream than sand. causes and meaning of the tragic development of the world revolu­ Cuba needs and cannot realist­ in doing all the bookkeeping and “And I don’t think,” he em­ defeat suffered by his party. T. tionary struggle that could not be ically hope to produce itself in the other paper work necessary for the phasized, “that our people ever Soedarso questions the P K I’s pol­ included in the less frequent edi­ near future. collection of rent. w ill listen to those who preach, icy of seeking to achieve socialism tions on the quarterly schedule. A key problem is the shortage Many of the problems he was or to those who may preach the by peaceful means; he questions Those subscribing to the bi­ of agricultural labor. Whereas raising, he said, w ill be fully dis­ cowardly, unworthy and infamous the PKI’s coalition with the In­ monthly at this time will begin prior to the revolution, there were cussed and decided upon at the policy of the ostrich . . . Our line, donesian national bourgeoisie; and their subscriptions with the forth­ thousands of jobless agricultural first congress of the new party of course, is one of full solidarity he attacks the whole method of coming fall, 1966, issue pf the workers, this situation is now which will be held within one with the revolutionary move­ constructing the party. magazine, the last on the old drastically altered. Thousands of year. The congress w ill decide such ment . . .” This thoroughgoing examination schedule, which includes the 1964- farmhands joined the construction issues as moral vs. material in­ Castro then read a press dis­ is the most detailed analysis of 1966 index. Featured articles in industry whose ranks have tripled centives for production; autono­ patch reporting that Eduardo the Indonesian disaster that has this issue are “ The Case Against since the revolution. Thousands of mous financing by individual en­ Frei, Christian Democratic presi­ appeared in the Western press. ‘Pacification’ ” by Joseph Hansen others who were sharecroppers terprises, or budget financing in dent of Chile, had called upon Copies may be obtained at 873 and the “Political Crisis in China” or day laborers now own and de­ accordance with an overall gov­ him to show which government Broadway in New York City, or by George Novack. Orders should vote themselves to the cultivation ernm ent plan, etc. had done more for its people, by writing World Outlook> P.O. be sent by check or money order of their own piece of land. More Turning to critics, who he said Cuba or Chile. Box 635 Madison Sq. Station, New to 875 Broadway, New York, N.Y. than 10,000 farm workers are at­ charged him with “departing from Proceeding to a devastating re­ Y ork, N.Y., 10010. They are 50 10003. tending agricultural institutes. the manuals,” Fidel declared: “We ply, Fidel cited the great social cents each. Monday, September 19, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Seven Letters From Our Readers

[T h is colum n is an open forum That case cu rre n tly is up be­ I think it is unfortunate that I ------Thought for the Week ------for all viewpoints on subjects of fore the Court of Appeals in should have to remind you of the general interest to our readers. Wash., D.C. — and w ill likely go fact that Stalinism is not a work­ “On the evening news tonight comes the information that al­ Please keep your letters brief. to the Supreme Court within the ing class tendency; perhaps in the though there are presently 25,000 United States troops in Thailand, Where necessary they will be year. If Luftig’s suit is validated, working class, but certainly not they are only there in an ‘advisory’ capacity to provide weapons abridged. Writers1 initials w ill be there is a strong chance that the of the working class. Surely you training and the like. Does the government expect us to believe used, names being withheld unless Fort Hood Three conviction can know that to the extent that the that story twice?” — A letter to the New York Times from David authorization is given fo r use.] be invalidated. American Stalinists are a political F. Phillips. Funds are still urgently needed tendency, their loyalty is to the Russian ruling bureaucracy and Demand Blanco's Freedom to prosecute the L u ftig case, and any contributions may be sent to: not even (in the case of the U n it­ regard your own stated realiza­ the true revolutionaries within Gainesville, Fla. Luftig vs. McNamara Committee, ed States) in a token manner to tion that the Aptheker campaign and about the SWP. Several members of the Univer­ 50 West 96th Street, New York, the American working class. “The is not likely to “break with the Michael Friedman sity of Florida Socialist Union, in­ N. Y. 10025. Communist Party of the United Democratic Party,” I urge you to [The Socialist Workers Party cluding myself, have communi­ States is different from its sister take into account the real reason statement explaining why it was Martin Shepard, M.D. cated to the Peruvian authorities parties in such countries as France that Aptheker is running, namely extending critical support to Her­ our protest against the imprison­ and Italy. It has all their vices — to bring respectability, or at least bert Aptheker in his campaign for ment and proposed secret trial of S.F. Court Victory cynicism, opportunism u n r e ­ legitimacy, to the Communist congress appeared in our issue Of peasant leader Hugo Blanco. (The strained by any consideration of Party after years of ruling class Sept. 5. We would take note, government is asking the death v San Francisco, Calif. class principle, readiness for any persecution. And, in view of this however, of a point of importance penalty.) The case against the leader of treachery — without their virtue: fact, remember that there is a raised in the above letter. It is Although it is usually not be­ a local campaign for liberalized A firm base of support in the mass radical antiwar candidate, Hal stated, apparently disparagingly, coming for socialists to give such abortion laws in San Francisco movement of the most militant Levin, who is running in the same that one reason Aptheker is run­ people advice on how to handle was dropped last week after the workers which deprives the lead­ district and who does offer some ning is “to bring respectability, their problems, we told President judge ruled the city ordinance ership of a free hand and com­ perspective for a break with the or at least legitimacy to the Com­ Belaunde this: she violated was unconstitutional. pels them to take sentiments of two major parties. Would it not munist Party after years of rul­ If Hugo Blanco should die at “Now I can paper the town with the workers into account in every have been more appropriate for ing class persecution.” the hands of the government, his leaflets, and that’s exactly what turn of their policy . . .” So said supporters of the radical antiwar [Leaving aside the question of martyred spirit w ill remain to in­ I plan to do,” said Patricia a resolution adopted by the na­ movement, such as you are, to the Communist Party’s desire for spire thousands more like him Maginnis, head of the Society for tional committee of the Socialist endorse someone like Levin in­ “respectability,” its desire for throughout the hemisphere. Humane Abortions. Workers Party, May, 1953. Surely stead of one, who, in the jargon legitimacy is an entirely valid one They should think how little The judge cited constitutional you don’t think that Stalinism appropriate to your 1953 resolu­ that every socialist and every time it took to vindicate the assas­ guarantees of freedom of speech, has improved its situation with tion, is nothing more than a rep­ partisan of civil liberties should sinated Malcolm X. both Federal and State. regard to the above points since resentative of “Stalinist treach­ support without -reservation. This I want to underline The M ili­ “Free speech necessitates the 1953! Hence, your basis for sup­ ery” ? is, in fact, a good reason to give ta n t’s suggestion that readers pro­ means of distribution,” his ruling porting the Stalinists at the I’m sorry that it is necessary Aptheker critical support. Such test to the Peruvian government. stated. present time and precisely for that I tell “Trotskyists” these support w ill strike a blow at the Do it while there is still time. Re­ He noted that the United States reasons that negate your above­ elementary political facts of life, McCarthyite concept that some member what inspiration the Latin Supreme Court had held uncon­ quoted statement clearly lacks but even more regretful is that political tendencies are not “legiti­ American people’s struggle was to stitutional “ordinances of four dif­ substance! there is slim chance this letter mate” and therefore to be sup­ ferent municipalities which either us at a time when North Ameri­ One final point. Lest you dis- w ill be printed for the benefit of pressed.— E d i t o r .] can politics were more barren banned or imposed prior restric­ than now. That is the least we can tions on the distribution of hand­ do. b ills.” Jan Garrett The city code section has also been superceded by a section of the State Business and Profession It Was Reported in the Press The Luftig Case Code, Judge Leo Friedman said. New York, N. Y. The State Code section makes the A Good Question — The Sept. New Jersey law forbids the dis­ with the effectiveness of chem- The military court that con­ writing or publishing of informa­ 11 New York Times reported: semination of such information. ical-defoliation and crop-destruc- victed the Fort Hood Three has tion concerning abortions a felony. “President Johnson had another William Baird, the man arrested, tion missions, the United States hardly closed the door on either The intent of the state law is, is planning a constitutional test military is taking steps to triple opportunity to raise with Jewish the issues themselves or, indeed, he said, to prohibit the distribu­ of the law. the capability of these efforts.” on the fate of Pvt. Mora, Pfc. tion “ except for purposes of public visitors one of his persistent ‘And Now a Brief Message . . Johnson and Pvt. Samas. health, by any person who is not plaints about some members of Opening Gambit — Recently — Sixty Loew’s theaters w ill offer The defense rested on the argu­ commercially interested . . . in the the American Jewish community. we reported that a U.S. card com­ chicken sandwiches, hamburgers ment that the war in Vietnam is sale of any medicine or means Why, he is said to have wondered, pany that sent several thousand and Chinese egg rolls at the pop­ in violation of the law of the land, which may be used for the pre­ are so many distinguished Jewish aces o f spades to V ietnam to be corn and candy counters. The next dropped on guerrilla territory be­ and that the three did not wish vention of conception.” leaders and rabbis opposed to his to take part in this illegal activ­ move, we predict, will be to add cause they said they had heard Joan Jordan policies in Vietnam?” Maybe ity. The military court refused to they remember Adolph. commercial breaks to the films so the guerrillas regard it as a death deal with this issue, and instead the patrons can step into the lob­ omen. Now a California firm of­ by for a quick snack. convicted them on the narrower Hits Support of Aptheker Couldn’t Happen to a Nicer Guy fers “a rich two-tone satin alum­ grounds of disobeying an order. inum ace of spades” to be sent — Johnson’s popularity has slipped Moscow vs. New York — A n of­ Stanley Faulkner, the attorney Berkeley, Calif. to GIs at a special discount price to the lowest point since he en­ ficial of the New York fire de­ for the Fort Hood GIs, happens As a revolutionary socialist, of five for $5. tered the White House, according partment is going to Moscow to as well, to be the attorney for Marxist, and Trotskyist, I am very to the findings of a Louis Harris find out why that city reports only Pvt. Robert Luftig, who earlier disturbed at your “critical sup­ A Proposal — Franklin Roose­ poll released Sept. 12. The survey 1,000 fires a year while New brought suit against the govern­ port” of Herbert Aptheker’s con- velt, Liberal Party candidate fo r showed only 50 percent of the vot­ York, which is only a third larger, ment, seeking to enjoin them from gessional campaign in Brooklyn. governor of New York, proposed ers feel he is doing a good job as reports 30,000. M aybe it ’s because sending him to Vietnam on the In view of the lengthy and, for that gubernatorial candidates set president, as compared to 54 per­ in Moscow they don’t have slum­ a lim it of $1 million as a “reason­ same grounds. the most part, valid criticism of cent in July. lords to pay off city inspectors to able” amount to spend on th e Since he had not previously the Stalinists and their program overlook building violations. campaign. Judy White, Socialist received an order to go, the case and method of operation, it is The Solution — Mrs. Fred J. Workers candidate, indicated she lacked the dramatic impact of the clear that your sole reason for Tooze, fighting president of the Proud of Your Country? — A is willing to think about it. Fort Hood Three. Also in the supporting Aptheker is that he Women’s Christian Temperance Sept. 9 Saigon dispatch to the L u ftig case, L u ftig was the p la in ­ represents a “tendency in the Union, told a convention of the N.Y. Times reported: “Pleased —Harry Ring tiff, and the government (Defense working class.” In fact, you so group that in one month the gov­ Secretary McNamara) the de­ state right at the beginning of the ernm ent had shipped 270,000 fifth s fendant. article. of demon rum to the GIs in Viet­ nam. If we were a member of the group, we would have promptly | f v l l | Announcing The introduced a resolution to bring the boys home now. Fall 1966 \ NEW READERS Money Grows — Capitalists, it International Socialist Review is often explained, are entitled i . i to their profits because they • If you are a new reader and would like to get better , Featuring Joseph Hansen on the roots of U.S. counter­ “earn” them. If so, Sarah Getty, acquainted, you may obtain a special four-month Intro*' revolutionary strategy in Vietnam; George Novack on the politi­ mother of multi-millionaire J. cal crisis in China; Ernest Germain on current developments in Paul Getty, has continued -to earn | ductory subscription by sending this blank and $1 to | money at a steady clip since she the USSR; Franz J. T. Lee on Bantu education in South Africa; died in 1941. A tru s t fund of $3.5 a 1933 open letter by Leon Trotsky to revolutionaries in South m illio n she set up in 1934 is now Africa; a 1964-66 index. worth nearly $300 million. One of G etty’s sons has file d a suit to lay □ Please send me the Fall ISR for 50tf. hands on $7 million of it which the MILITANT ! □ Please send me a year’s subscription to the ISR he says is overdue him. Maybe his I 873 Broadway I father w ill argue he didn’t earn it. fo r $2.50. [6 issues] I New York, N. Y. 10003 I International Socialist Review Nothing Suits Them — As o ffi­ 873 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003 cials in Monmouth County, New I V I Jersey, were considering a pro­ | Name ..... -...... j posal to prosecute unwed mothers Name ...... who apply for welfare aid to de­ pendent children, the director of | Street ____ Zip______| Street ...... the Parents Aid Society was ar­ rested on the steps of the Mon­ mouth County Courthouse for dis­ State______I C it y ...... S ta te ...... Z ip ...... playing birth control information. Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, September 19, 1966 Court Gets New Facts Detroit Compensation Sought On Sobell Frame-Up NEW YORK — Arguments for In Shooting o f 3 Socialists ft new hearing tor Morton Sobell Schneir to Speak wpre heard before Federal Judge, DETROIT, Sept. 7 — A petition Edward Weinfeld, here Sept. 12. At New York Forum immediate family is unwilling or was filed by Atty. Ernest Good­ NEW YORK — Walter unable to do so. Important new evidence was pre­ man with the Detroit Common sented by Sobell’s attorneys to Schneir, co-author of Invita­ “The police should not have Council today, requesting funds for placed the burden solely on the demonstrate that he and Julius tion to an Inquest, the book burial, medical and rehabilitation And Ethel Rosenberg were framed- wife. For her to have proceeded which has played a major role expenses for the victims of the may well have made her part of up by the government when they in the re-opening of the shooting last spring at the Socialist Were convicted of conspiracy to the ‘Communist Conspiracy’ to Rosenberg-Sobell case, w ill Workers Party headquarters here. commit espionage. Waniolek’s distorted brain and re­ speak on the important new On May 16, Edward Waniolek en­ sulted in her own death. A handwriting expert testified developments in the case at tered the party headquarters with “In any event, Waniolek’s in an affidavit that there was for­ the avowed intention of “killing threats were directed to others in gery on a key piece of govern­ the Militant Labor Forum. The meeting w ill be held Communists.” the community, to whom the police ment evidence. This was a reg­ Waniolek gunned down three owed some responsibility for pro­ istration card from an Alberquer- F rid a y evening, Sept. 23, young men working at the head­ tection.” que, N.M., hotel, purporting to 8:30 p.m., at the forum hall, quarters. Leo Bernard, 27, was City Should Pay show that Harry Gold, principal 873 Broadway, at 18th St. killed. Jan Garrett, 22, and Walter Mr. Goodman concluded his plea government witness, was in Al- Graham, 19, were seriously in­ to the Common Council with the berquerque on June 3, 1945. At jured by multiple bullet wounds. observation that, “It would be the trial, he had sworn that on that it contained the “principle” ironic if the ultimate workings of that day, he had obtained atomic of the bomb. Jan Garrett was wounded in the shoulder, hip and thigh. “From our system of justice, in dealing secrets from David Greenglass, This was easily refuted by Mar­ with the results of this tragedy, another government witness. shall Perlin, one of Sobell’s law­ the shattering blow to his left hip, he has developed a condition were to result in the payment by The handwriting expert, Eliza­ yers. He recalled that the whole known as asceptic necrosis,” Good­ the public for the hospitalization, beth McCarthy, an established au­ case, and the hysteria whipped up man explained. “He will not be treatment and ultimate cure of thority in the field, found the reg­ around it, had been based on the able to resume weight bearing on Waniolek, and to have the bodies istration card to have been tam­ charges that the Rosenbergs had his left leg for at least a year, of the innocent victims of his bul­ pered with in a number of ways. given the very “secret” of the and the eventual prognosis is un­ lets to be ministered by families Sobell’s attorneys said the hotel bomb to the Russians. certain.” His expenses to date to­ who are unable to-afford the cost clerk involved would testify if In fact, in passing the death tal $2,200, “ but substantial addi­ Leo Bernard of their care and rehabilitation.” subpoenaed. sentence on the Rosenbergs, pre­ tional” care w ill be necessary. Friends of the victims are gath­ ■ The charge that the registration siding Judge Kaufman had righte­ ering thousands of names of cit­ Walter Graham was in the De­ card was forged was buttressed ously declared that their alleged U.S. Secret Service and the De­ izens urging the Council to act troit General Hospital for 48 days. W h e n William Kunstler, an attor­ act had brought on the Korean troit police. Police Detective Ro- favorably on the petition. He is presently receiving out­ ney for Sobell, told Judge Wein­ war because they had unleashed jowski, as early as March, two The expenses involved in the patient treatment for his injuries, feld that a 14-hour tape record­ Soviet “aggression” by giving months before the shooting, urged continuing surgery and medical ing of interviews between Gold them the “secret” of the bomb. and w ill not be able to engage in Waniolek’s wife to have him in­ treatment of Jan Garrett and Wal­ physical work for a year. His ex­ and his attorney, made prior to Judge Weinfeld said it would stitutionalized. When she refused, ter Graham are an urgent prob­ penses to date are $2,300, and he, Gold turning state’s witness, made take “a little while” before he nothing further was done by the lem. Contributions can be sent to: no reference to his being in Al- would make a decision on a new too, w ill require additional care. police. Emergency Medical Fund for berquerque on that date, and in hearing for Sobell. Burial costs for Leo Bernard Attorney Goodman argues that Bernard, Garrett and Graham, fact he had never heard of Green- Further information on the case were $538. “Michigan law specifically gives c/o English Department, Wayne glass, who had not yet been ar­ may be obtained from the Com­ Their assailant, Waniolek, was the police the authority to take State U niversity, D etroit, 48202. rested. The judge agreed to listen mittee to Free Morton Sobell, 150 known to the police as a potential­ the initiative in instituting com­ Professor David Herreshoff and to the tape. Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. ly dangerous person. He had been mitment proceedings against a so­ Dr. Paul Lowinger are co-chair­ Also presented to the court were 10011. under investigation by both the cially dangerous person where the men of this fund. the affidavits of Dr. Philip Mor­ rison and Dr. Henry Linschitz, two scientists who played a key role in the development of the atomic bomb. They testified that a pur­ ported drawing of the bomb that N.Y. Dems Back LBJ on Vietnam David Greenglass said he had passed on to the Rosenbergs was NEW YORK — On Sept 7, the Vietnam through the use of the The Democrats struck out all ref­ The Reformer’s capitulation a worthless “caricature” of the state convention of the Democratic subpoena power.” erences to the HUAC witchhunt, and the Democratic pro-war of the bomb. Party hailed Lyndon Baines John­ The Reformers had a group of etc., from the Reformer’s original stand are hardly surprising. The Won Declassification son as “ a man of peace” in its 30 delegates backing their plank, plank. They left a statement that Democratic Party is a party of the platform for the November state but when the administration put Americans have the right “to hold capitalist rulers of this country ) Sobell’s attorneys had won a elections, and said it shared with the pressure on, they all capitulat­ opinions of their own” and have who are responsible for the war court order to obtain government Johnson “his deep concern over ed and voted for the administra­ the “free right of dissent.” It sure in Vietnam. Those who are in this declassification of the impounded the hostilities in Vietnam.” The tion Stand. is nice of them to reaffirm the party owe their allegiance first sketch after attention was focused Democrats’ Vietnam plank is a Senator Robert Kennedy, tout­ Constitution — after removing and foremost to this war-breeding on it by Miriam and Harry 100 percent endorsement of John­ ed by some as a “peace” advocate, any criticism of real attacks on capitalist system. Schneir in th e ir book on the case, son’s aggression in the Southeast wanted to avoid the issue. He Constitutional rights. The only way voters in New Invitation to An Inquest. Asian country. tried to steer the convention away The capitulation by the Re­ York can register their opposition The Schneirs had also obtained The plank was adopted after from adopting any Vietnam posi­ formers shows clearly that, when to the war in Vietnam in Novem­ the tape recording of Gold’s in­ a move to include criticism of the tion on the ground that state the chips are down, their first ber is to vote for the Socialist terview with his attorney. war was threatened by Reform elections shouldn’t raise issues of loyalty is to the Democratic Party. Workers Party slate headed by In arguing against a hearing for Democrats. Johnson sent “trou­ foreign policy. Kennedy has now They have placed their support Judy White, the only statewide Sobell, now serving a 30-year bleshooter” W. Averell Harriman thrown himself behind the Demo­ behind a full endorsement of candidates running against the term, the government did not at­ to sit in on meetings where the cratic slate headed by Frank Johnson’s dirty war in Vietnam. war in Vietnam. tempt to refute the explosive new plank was drafted, and the ques­ O’Connor. charges presented by Sobell’s at­ tion was not settled until Har­ The Democratic Party plank on torneys. They simply kept insist­ riman put his stamp of approval Vietnam repeats Johnson’s phony ing there was no new factual basis on the final version. The unanim­ stand on “ peace” negotiations, used Democratic Platform on Vietnam for a re-trial. Virtually conceding ous vote for the final platform by the administration as a cover the so-called drawing of the bomb represented complete capitulation for the continued and deliberate [The following is the New York Democratic Party’s Viet­ was worthless, they argued that by the Reformers before the John­ escalation of the w ar. I t seeks to nam plank.] in the original trial, the govern­ son administration. deny the fact that the U.S. is the ment had merely sought to prove sole aggressor in Vietnam by This 1966 New York State Democratic Convention supports The Reformers went into the placing “responsibility” on the and commends the President as a man of peace. It shares with convention as critics, not oppo­ north Vietnamese, and by “con­ him his deep concern over the hostilities in Vietnam. It con­ nents, of the U.S. aggression. They demning aggression” just after demns aggression from any quarter and urges all citizens to originally pressed for the follow­ lauding LBJ as “a man of peace.” support the President, Senator Robert F. Kennedy and all others ing points: 1) “Recognition of the It makes clear there will be no with effective authority in their efforts to end hostilities, and Vietcong as a party to the war U.S. withdrawal until an “agree­ and, hence, to any negotiations hereby declares itself in favor of: ment” — forced on Vietnam by A peace conference under the auspices of any mutually designed to bring it to an end” ; U.S. military might — is reached. acceptable authority, at which all interested parties w ill be 2) “Cessation of bombing attacks And, when this “agreement” is on north Vietnam”; 3) “Declara­ imposed, and not until, a little present. tion of an open-ended ceasefire in more money w ill be used to help Subject to an agreement emerging from the peace confer­ south Vietnam to test the other poor people! ence, the United States and north Vietnam jointly submit a side’s reaction”; 4) “Active sup­ Supports Escalation timetable for the withdrawal of their forces from south Viet­ port to truly free elections in south nam. Most important, it gives un­ Vietnam, irrespective of their out­ The recognition that it is the mutual responsibility of both come” ; and 5) “Regardless of the qualified support to Johnson and course the war may take, we reaf­ his “efforts” to “end hostilities!” the north Vietnamese and the United States to help bring firm our belief in the right of dis­ These “efforts” have been pre­ about a peace conference. sent, whether in the halls of Con­ cisely the escalation of the war, That if an agreement is obtained, additional monies, man­ gress, within the councils of our which Johnson, in his 1984 new- power and efforts promised for the Great Society and the war party or in the streets. We deplore, speak, proclaims to be for the pur­ on poverty be used for that purpose. in this connection, the recent at­ pose of securing “peace.” The New York State Democratic Convention respects the tempts by the House Un-Amer­ One little bone was thrown to right of all Americans to hold opinions of their own and the ican Activities Committee, to the Reformers, after it was care­ free right of dissent. Morton Sobell harass opponents of the war in fully cleaned of all nourishment.