Compilation of Digital Open-File Mineral Exploration Data for EL 3539, EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554, EL 4555 & EL 4742, Northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia

Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data for EL 3539, EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554, EL 4555 & EL 4742, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia

M.J. Phillips1 & M.B. Gebreab2

Technical Report 2019/3 October 2019

1 Geological Survey of Victoria 2 MagnaView Data Authorised by the Director, Geological Survey of Victoria Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions 1 Spring Street Melbourne Victoria 3000 Telephone (03) 9651 9999 © Copyright State of Victoria, 2019. Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions 2019 Except for any logos, emblems, trademarks, artwork and photography this work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Australia licence. To view a copy of this licence, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/. It is a condition of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence that you must give credit to the original author who is the State of Victoria. This document is also available in an accessible format at www.djpr.vic.gov.au Bibliographic reference PHILLIPS, M.J. & GEBREAB, M.B., 2019. Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data for EL 3539, EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554, EL 4555 & EL 4742, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia. Geological Survey of Victoria Technical Record 2019/3. Geological Survey of Victoria. ISBN 978-1-76090-206-3 (pdf/online/MS word) Geological Survey of Victoria Catalogue Record #160196 Key Words Bendigo Zone, Mineral Exploration, Data, Surface Geochemistry, Drilling, Gold. Acknowledgements In addition to the authors, Megan Weatherman, Melissa Say and Marvena van Kann assisted in data identification. Data compilation and validation was carried out by Milen Gebreab of MagnaView Data. Melanie Phillips wrote and compiled the report. Cameron Cairns provided project advice and reviewed the report text. Luong Tran compiled the maps. About the Geological Survey of Victoria The Geological Survey of Victoria (GSV) is the Victorian Government’s geoscience agency and sits within the Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions. GSV provides evidence-based knowledge and information to Government, industry, academia and the community, on Victoria’s earth resources, using the latest geoscience technologies and methods. For more details visit earthresources.vic.gov.au/gsv Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you, but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. The Victorian Government, authors and presenters do not accept any liability to any person for the information (or the use of the information) which is provided or referred to in the report.

I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Contents

Executive Summary...... ii 1 . Mineral Exploration Data Sources...... 1 1.1 Open-File Mineral Exploration Reports...... 1 1.2 Australian Geophysical Observing System...... 1 2 . Data Compilation Methodology ...... 4 3 . Lockington Data Compilation...... 5 3.1 Surface Geochemistry...... 5 3.2 Drilling...... 5 4 . EL 3539 Data Compilation...... 6 4.1 Surface Geochemistry...... 6 4.2 Drilling...... 6 References...... 9 Appendix 1 – List of pre-digital open-file annual technical reports for EL 3539...... 10 Appendix 2 – Final Petrophysics Report on drill core from the Lockington Project. . . . 11 Appendix 3 – Lockington Database Compilation Report...... 42 Appendix 4 – EL 3539 Database Compilation Report ...... 55 Attachment 1 – Drilling and Surface Geochemistry databases...... 56

Figures

Figure 1.1 Lockington Data Compilation exploration licence location map...... 2

Figure 1.2 EL 3539 Data Compilation exploration licence location map...... 3

Figure 4.1 Exploration licence data compilation - surface geochemistry sample location map...... 7

Figure 4.2 Exploration licence data compilation - drill hole location map...... 8

Tables

Table 1.1 Exploration licence details...... 1

Table 3.1 Lockington data compilation - surface geochemistry summary of valid data...... 5

Table 3.2 Lockington data compilation - drilling summary of valid data...... 5

Table 4.1 EL 3539 data compilation - surface geochemistry summary of valid data...... 6

Table 4.2 EL 3539 data compilation - drilling summary of valid data...... 6

I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I i Executive Summary

Open-file digital mineral exploration data from annual technical reports submitted for exploration licences (ELs) 3539, 4552, 4553, 4554, 4555 and 4742 have been compiled by the Geological Survey of Victoria into a series of discoverable datasets. These exploration licences represent the most recent (2003 – 2019) mineral exploration activity within the current Mineral Resources (Sustainable Development) Act 1990 (MRSDA) section 7 exemption area in the north Bendigo Zone.

The aim of the compilation was to deliver valid digital A standardised approach to data compilation and mineral exploration data in an accessible and validation was used for each database. contemporary format to reduce time and resources for mineral explorers. The datasets are provided as The compilation contains a total of: attachments to this report (Attachment 1). • 11,044 surface geochemistry samples (soil, rock chip Due to the variability in the information fields and detail and water), reported by the exploration licence holders, the • 1,236 drill holes for 155,347.5 metres of mineral datasets have been compiled and delivered in four exploration drilling (diamond, reverse circulation and separate databases: air core). • Lockington Surface Geochemistry Database The datasets represent over $14M of reported mineral • Lockington Drilling Database exploration spend over the period 2003 - 2019.

• EL 3539 Surface Geochemistry Database

• EL 3539 Drilling Database

ii I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia 1 . Mineral Exploration Data Sources

1.1 Open-File Mineral Exploration Reports open-file annual technical reports used for this project is provided in the references list at the end of this report. The Geological Survey of Victoria (GSV) is the custodian of Victoria’s geoscience data, which includes mineral Pre-digital data for EL 3539 was not compiled in this exploration data submitted to the Department as part compilation. The corresponding pre-digital annual of regulated statutory reporting by mineral licence technical reports are listed in Appendix 1 and can be holders. sourced through the GSV catalogue. Older (pre-digital) exploration licences coincident with the current section Digital open-file mineral exploration data was sourced, 7 exemption area in the north Bendigo Zone can be compiled and validated from 12 annual technical reports identified usingGeovic . submitted to the Department for six exploration licences; EL 3539, EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554, EL 4555 1.2 Australian Geophysical Observing and EL 4742. Details of the exploration licences is provided in Table 1.1 and location maps of the System exploration licences are shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2. Petrophysical data from an analysis of open-file drill core Since 2001 mineral exploration data has been required from the Lockington area is included in the Lockington to be submitted in digital format. However, with Drilling Database. In 2015, the GSV commissioned the advancements to mineral exploration techniques and Australian Geophysical Observing System (AGOS) at the technology, the metadata requirements and digital University of Melbourne to undertake high spatial reporting templates have changed over time. resolution petrophysical analysis of drill core from select drill holes completed as part of mineral exploration on EL The open-file digital exploration data compiled as part 4742. Results from this study have not been previously of this project was submitted during the period 2003 to released and the corresponding AGOS summary report 2019. This is the first time the digital data from any of is included in Appendix 2 these technical reports has been compiled into an open-file (relational) database. A complete list of the

Table 1.1 Exploration licence details. Data Licence Tenement holder Previous tenement Grant date Expiry date Compilation number (at expiry) holder/s Fosterville Gold Mine Perseverance EL 3539 EL 3539 03/06/1994 26/02/2019 Pty Ltd Exploration Pty Ltd Malanti Pty Ltd; Gold Timpetra Resources Lockington EL 4552 Fields Australasia Pty 16/10/2003 15/10/2013 Ltd; Pacrim Energy Ltd Ltd Gold Fields Australasia Malanti Pty Ltd 23/10/2008 (cancelled Lockington EL 4553 Pty Ltd; Pacrim Energy 16/10/2003 and amalgamated into Ltd EL4552) Gold Fields Australasia Malanti Pty Ltd 23/10/2008 (cancelled Lockington EL 4554 Pty Ltd; Pacrim Energy 16/10/2003 and amalgamated into Ltd EL4552) Gold Fields Australasia Malanti Pty Ltd Lockington EL 4555 Pty Ltd; Pacrim Energy 16/10/2003 15/10/2008 Ltd Timpetra Resources Gold Fields Australasia Lockington EL 4742 26/11/2003 25/11/2013 Ltd Pty Ltd

ii I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I 1 EL4555 ±

Mitia! mo

EL4742

!Lockington

EL4554

Rochester !

EL4553

5960 ! Elmore

!Colbinabbin

EL4552

!Fosterville

! Bendigo !Axedale N . m 0 0 0 0

2 Eppalock 9 ! 5

! Heathcote

Myrtle! Creek km 0 2.5 5 10

260000m.E 280 300 Map datum GDA94 Legend Map projection UTM MGA55 Tenements Boundaries National Parks

Section 7 Water bodies exemption area GSV0119 Figure 1.1 Lockington Data Compilation exploration licence location map.

2 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia ±

Mitia! mo

!Lockington

Rochester !

5960 ! Elmore

!Colbinabbin

EL3539

!Fosterville

! Bendigo !Axedale N . m 0 0 0 0

2 Eppalock 9 ! 5

EL3539 ! Heathcote

Myrtle! Creek km 0 2.5 5 10

260000m.E 280 300 Map datum GDA94 Legend Map projection UTM MGA55 EL3539 National Parks

Section 7 Water bodies exemption area GSV0119 Figure 1.2 EL 3539 Data Compilation exploration licence location map.

2 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I 3 2 .Data Compilation Methodology

Annual technical reports containing digital mineral exploration data files for EL 3539, EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554, EL 4555 and EL 4742 were identified and compiled into four validated relational databases: • Lockington Surface Geochemistry Database • Lockington Drilling Database • EL 3539 Surface Geochemistry Database • EL 3539 Drilling Database

The relevant digital data files were loaded into an SQL of the compiled datasets resulted in the identification of database schema which had been customised to suit several instances of missing or invalid data. Where the supplied files. Relational database tables with missing or invalid data could be sourced from the appropriate validation constraints were used to store accompanying technical report text it was added to the relevant information. For the surface geochemistry dataset. However, when this was not possible, invalid databases this included: Sample site, QAQC, assay and data was quarantined into separate tables in the portable XRF data. For drilling databases this included: database for the end user to decide their own approach Collar, Geology, Alteration, Core recovery, Petrophysics, to resolving it. Spectral analysis, Structure, Survey and Assay data. Relevant lookup tables were also included in the The GSV recommends users exercise caution and databases. conduct their own due diligence.

When compiling the datasets, the GSV adhered to the Detailed database compilation reports are provided for principle of honouring the original information the Lockington databases in Appendix 3 and for the EL submitted by the exploration licence holders. Validation 3539 databases in Appendix 4.

4 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia 3 .Lockington Data Compilation

Exploration of the ’Lockington’ (EL 4724) and ‘Fosterville East’ (EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554, EL 4555) projects was conducted by Gold Fields Australasia Pty Ltd and later Timpetra Resources Ltd. A decision was made by the GSV to deliver the data for the Lockington and Fosterville East projects in two databases; drilling and surface geochemistry, which have been collectively termed the ‘Lockington data compilation’ (Attachment 1).

Digital drilling and surface geochemistry data files used 3.2 Drilling for the Lockington data compilation were submitted to the Department in ‘EL template’ format which was the A total of 1,163 drill holes for a total of 125,213.8 metres of Department’s preferred submission format during that drilling are available in the Lockington Drilling Database. period. The EL template format allows for the capture of metadata in the ‘header’ rows in addition to the raw A summary of the Lockington Drilling Database is data. provided in Table 3.2 and drill hole locations are shown in Figure 4.2. In Victoria, the EL template format was superseded by the national Mineral Reporting Template (MRT) format Table 3.2 Lockington data compilation - drilling in 2012. summary of valid data. Drill hole type Drill holes (#) Drill metres 3.1 Surface Geochemistry Air Core 1,071 109,776.9 A total of 1,671 surface geochemistry samples are Diamond 92 15,436.9 available in the Lockington Surface Geochemistry TOTAL 1,163 125,213.8 Database.

A summary of the Lockington Surface Geochemistry Database is provided in Table 3.1 and sample locations are shown in Figure 4.1.

Table 3.1 Lockington data compilation - surface geochemistry summary of valid data.

Sample Type Number of samples Soil 1,651 Rock chip 19 Water 1 TOTAL 1,671

4 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I 5 4 .EL 3539 Data Compilation

Digital drilling and surface geochemistry data was first reported for EL 3539 in 2007 by Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd and later by Fosterville Gold Mine Pty Ltd.

From mid-2007 EL 3539 was joint reported with EL 4937, 4.2 Drilling which at the time of writing is still a current exploration licence. Annual technical reports from this period will A total of 73 drill holes for a total of 30,133.7 metres of therefore remain confidential with mineral exploration drilling are available the EL 3539 Drilling Database. completed and data collected on EL 3539 from mid- 2007 to 2019 (when EL 3539 expired) provided in a final A summary of the EL 3539 Drilling Database is provided technical report submitted following the expiry of EL in Table 4.2 and drill hole locations are shown in Figure 3539. Digital data submitted with the final technical 4.2. report for EL 3539 is in MRT format. In earlier open-file reports the digital data is provided in EL template Table 4.2 EL 3539 data compilation - drilling summary format. of valid data. Drill hole type Drill holes (#) Drill metres The mineral exploration data for this licence has been delivered in two databases; drilling and surface Reverse Circulation 22 6,118.0 geochemistry, collectively termed the ‘EL 3539 data Diamond 51 24,015.7 compilation’ (Attachment 1). TOTAL 73 30,133.7 4.1 Surface Geochemistry

A total of 9,373 surface geochemistry samples are available in the EL 3539 Surface Geochemistry Database.

A summary of the EL 3539 Surface Geochemistry Database is provided in Table 4.1 and sample locations are shown in Figure 4.1.

Table 4.1 EL 3539 data compilation - surface geochemistry summary of valid data.

Sample Type Number of samples Soil 9,286 Rock chip 87 TOTAL 9,373

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! Bendigo !!!! !!!!!!!!! Axedale !!! !!!!!!!!!!! !! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! N !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! . !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! m ! !!!!!!! ! !! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0 !! !! !! !! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!! 0 !!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0 !!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 0 !! !! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E!p!!!!!p!!!!a!!!!l!o!!!!!ck ! 9 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! 5 !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Heathcote !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Myrtle Creek!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! km !!!!!! !!!! 0 2.5 5 10

260000m.E 280 300 Map datum GDA94 Legend Map projection UTM MGA55 Section 7 DataSet - Sample Type ! Lockington - Rock exemption area ! EL3539 - Rock ! Lockington - Soil National Parks ! EL3539 - Soil ! Lockington - Water Water bodies GSV0119

Figure 4.1 Exploration licence data compilation - surface geochemistry sample location map.

6 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I 7 ! ±

!!!! !! !! ! ! !! Mitia! mo !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!! !!!!!!! Rochester ! !!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!

!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!! ! !!!! !!!!!! !! 5960 !!! !! !!!! Elm! ore !!!!

!!! ! ! !!!!!!!! !! !! ! !!!!

!Colbinabbin

!! ! ! !! ! !! !

!!!!!! !!!!! ! !! !!! !! !Fosterville

!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!

! ! Bendigo !! ! Axedale ! ! ! ! N . m 0 0 0 0

2 Eppalock 9 ! 5

! Heathcote

Myrtle Creek ! ! ! ! km !!! 0 2.5 5 10

260000m.E 280 300 Map datum GDA94 Legend Map projection UTM MGA55 Section 7 Dataset - Hole type ! EL3539 - DDH exemption area ! Lockington - DDH ! EL3539 - RC National Parks ! Lockington - AC

Water bodies GSV0119

Figure 4.2 Exploration licence data compilation - drill hole location map.

8 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia References

Data compiled for this release was sourced from the following annual technical reports:

DEAN, G., 2010. Fosterville Gold Mine Pty Ltd. EL 3539 Myrtle Creek Prospect Drilling. Final Report. Report of drilling programme RVD 227, 79 pp. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

PHILLIPS, N., KLOPPER, J., HOLLAND, J., BROWN, C. & DURANT, C., 2019. Fosterville Gold Mine Pty Ltd. EL 3539, Goornong. Final report for the period ending 26 February 2019. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2004. Gold Fields Australasia Pty Ltd. EL 4742, Lockington. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2004. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2004. Malanti Pty Ltd. EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554 and EL 4555, Fosterville East. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2004. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2005. Gold Fields Australasia Pty Ltd. EL 4742, Lockington. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2005. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File

TURNER, G., 2005. Malanti Pty Ltd. EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554 and EL 4555, Fosterville East. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2005. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2006. Gold Fields Australasia Pty Ltd. EL 4742, Lockington. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2006. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2006. Malanti Pty Ltd. EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554 and EL 4555, Fosterville East. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2006. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2007. Gold Fields Australasia Pty Ltd. EL 4742, Lockington. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2007. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2007. Pacrim Energy Ltd. EL 4552, EL 4553, EL 4554 and EL 4555, Fosterville East. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2007. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G. & GOVETT, S., 2011. Timpetra Resources Ltd. EL 4742, Lockington. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2011. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

TURNER, G., 2012. Timpetra Resources Ltd. EL 4742, Lockington. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2012. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

VAN RIEL, B.J., 2007. Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd. EL 3539, Goornong. Annual report for the period ending 30 June 2007. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

8 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I 9 Appendix 1 – List of pre-digital open-file annual technical reports for EL 3539

JACKSON, T., 2000. Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd. EL 3539, Goornong. Annual report for the period ending 25 February 2000. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

PERSEVERANCE EXPLORATION PTY LTD., 1995. EL 3539, Goornong. Relinquishment Report for the period ending 25 February 1995, 5 pp. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

VAN RIEL, B., 1995. Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd. EL 3539, Goornong, EL 3383, Lyall Glen, EL 3015, Gunyah Creek. Annual report for the period ending 25 February 1995. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

VAN RIEL, B., 1996. Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd. EL 3015, Gunyah Creek, EL 3383, Lyall Glen, EL 3539, Goornong. Annual report for the period ending 25 February 1996. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

VAN RIEL, B., 1997. Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd. EL 3539, Goornong. Annual report for the period ending 25 February 1997. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

VAN RIEL, B., 1998. Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd. EL 3539, Goornong. Annual report for the period ending 25 February 1998. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

VAN RIEL, B., 1999. Perseverance Exploration Pty Ltd. EL 3539, Goornong. Annual report for the period ending 25 February 1999. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

10 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Appendix 2 – Final Petrophysics Report on drill core from the Lockington Project

10 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I 11

Australian Geophysical Observing System (AGOS)

Final Petrophysics Report on drill core from the LOCKINGTON PROJECT for GSV/ GA.

Prepared by D. Belton, P. Manifold and A. Fairmaid December, 2015.

AGOS Subsurface Observatory, Petrophysics Laboratory.

School of Earth Sciences The University of Melbourne.

Table of Content Contents Executive Summary ...... 3 AGOS/SOB core scanning with MSCL ...... 4 Stavely Boreholes and Summary Results...... 8 Lockington Boreholes – Detailed Results...... 9 06_LODH_15 ...... 9 07_LODH_31 ...... 13 LODT004-W1 ...... 17 Appendix 1 ...... 21 Analysis methods ...... 21 1 - Gamma Density ...... 21 2 - Core Thickness ...... 23 3 - P-wave Velocity ...... 24 4 - Electrical resistivity ...... 25 5 - Magnetic Susceptibility ...... 26 6 - Natural Gamma Measurements ...... 28 7 - Core Temperature ...... 29 References ...... 30

Executive Summary The Australian Geophysical Observing System (Subsurface Observatory) was engaged by Geoscience Australia and the Geological Survey of Victoria to undertake high spatial resolution petrophysical analysis of Lockington Core from the Lockington Regional Drilling Project. The primary purpose of this project was to identify and evaluate the presence of gold mineralization, targeting the Carnie Trend and the Main-Lees Trend (Turner 2008).

Scanning was completed using standard AGOS Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) with scanning parameters for gamma density, core thickness, P-wave velocity, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and natural gamma. Scanning commenced on the 23/7/14 and was completed on the 11/3/16.

The bulk of supplied drill core was subject to scanning, with some omissions within these intervals where core quality was insufficient to allow meaningful analysis or where the core had previously been sampled for assay and as a result was unsuitable for scanning. A total of 866.9 m of scanning was undertaken on drill core from the three Lockington Project boreholes. In all, 264.9 m (31%) of drill core from the three boreholes submitted was deemed insufficient in quality to enable scanning.

This report provides a brief summary of core quality, generalised lithologies and petrophysical responses for each borehole, along with visual logs of the petrophysical data. The petrophysical data is also provided for download with this report as an ASCII “.csv” file. Analysis methodology for each of the petrophysical properties measured is also presented.

AGOS/SOB core scanning with MSCL

The Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) facility provides AGOS (Australian Geophysical Observing System) and SOB (The Subsurface Observatory) with a versatile core measurement system. The MSCL is designed for continuous and sequential petrophysical analysis of drill core (Figure 1). Measurements can be made on unlined rock core or plastic-lined sediment core. The core can be whole cylinders (whole core) or half core. The MSCL system will accept pieces of core up to 150 cm long, with outer diameters between 40 mm and 80 mm. The strength of the MSCL lies in its ability to save time by simultaneously measuring multiple parameters in an automated fashion. Core is moved past the array of stationary sensors, and data is collected simultaneously from all sensors, when the core pauses at a measurement point.

Figure 1. MSCL unit (adapted from Geotek 2014).

Data density and spatial resolution

Optimal spatial resolution in multi-scanned core is a balance between achieving the desired data density and the scanning time. Higher resolution requires longer scanning times but produces larger data sets. Core scanned by AGOS/SOB is analysed sequentially at a 2 cm resolution for gamma density, P-wave velocity, core thickness, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. This resolution is achieved because of the very short durations required for each of these analyses (1-2 seconds). In contrast, natural gamma measurements require a longer duration to collect usable data, partly dependent on the number of gamma detectors. AGOS/SOB uses three gamma detectors which enable gamma measurements to be collected at 10 cm intervals.

Core quality

In practice, the quality and condition of the core plays a crucial role in determining the actual spatial resolution achieved. For example, whole (uncut) core in excellent condition, without fractures or gaps, can be scanned at full resolution delivering ~50 analyses by each instrument per metre of core (i.e. 300 measurements including natural gamma). The presence of fractures can significantly interfere with, and thus compromise measurements. Similarly, broken or crumbling sections within the core can seriously diminish the quality of analyses (see Table 1). To avoid this, analyses are generally not carried out within 1-2 cm on either side of fractures, gaps or disaggregated material. Details of locations to scan are manually entered by the operator. This approach minimises: 1) spurious results from the gamma density measurements (excess gamma transmission through voids/cracks); 2) errors in P-wave values due to unpredictable transmission of acoustic waves; and 3) errors in the electrical and magnetic susceptibility response of the specimen.

Table 1. Core quality ratings and potential data points/metre with example core from 06_LODH_15.

Core quality assessment

Data points Quality per metre

Excellent 35+

Very Good 30-35

Good 20-30

Poor 10-20

Very Poor 0-10

Determination of core section lengths

One issue that arises when scanning at high precision and high spatial resolution is the possibility of mismatch between the length of core measured during the scanning process and the run length recorded by the driller at the time of core recovery. A mismatch may be positive or negative, i.e. the lab may measure more core than was originally documented (a positive error). Alternatively, a shorter length of core may be measured than was originally recorded (a negative error).

Cases of negative mismatch may include disaggregation, loss of badly-fragmented core or removal of a portion of core for sampling purposes (e.g. geochemical analysis), and generally does not pose a significant problem. Errors from negative mismatch are generally expressed as a small gap in the data for a given section, from within the core tray. In contrast, a positive mismatch has the potential to propagate error in length/position measurement throughout the remaining core.

To avoid error due to mismatch, core in each tray is measured prior to scanning, and compared to the original recorded (drillers) measurement. Consider the case where a tray contains a (laboratory) measured 4 m of core, but the driller has originally recorded a total length of 3.8 m. To reduce the impact of a 0.2 m positive length error, the 4 x 1 m sections are scanned as 4 x 0.95 m sections. This ensures that an optimum amount of core from each of the 4 individual sections within the tray is analysed. The approach provides more representative sampling of the available core and confines any length error to within a single core tray.

Treatment of split core

The MSCL Scanner is configured horizontally for instrument measurement. This is the standard scanning configuration, best suited to complete core sections. Split core cannot be analysed in this mode. In order to measure split- or half-core sections, the scanner can be reconfigured into a vertical format.

Data available

The data discussed in this report is based on analysis obtained using the current configuration of MSCL instruments used by the AGOS/SOB Petrophysics Laboratory. These instruments measure the following properties:

1) Gamma density (g/cc), 2) P-wave velocity (m/s) and amplitude (mV), 3) Electrical resistivity (ohm.m – Ω.m), 4) Corrected, volume-specific magnetic susceptibility (SI x 10-5), 5) Natural gamma (counts per second – cps), and 6) Core thickness (cm).

Raw data from the instruments are collected in the form of output parameters (e.g. counts per second, millivolts, etc.) from the individual instruments. These data are subsequently processed using laboratory- determined calibration values, and where necessary, incorporating input from other instruments on the scanner. The raw data are output as a binary “.raw” file (which – if required can be accessed using the MSCL-software, available free from GeoTEK.co.uk). Once the raw data have been initially processed using appropriate calibrations and constants, the data are output in ASCII format as a “.dat” file. The final data are provided to the client as ”.csv” files, and can also be made available as an Excel file. As core scanning is not conducted on a continuous 24 hour a day, 7 days a week basis, scanning results are collected in batches–typically several tens of metres per batch, with preliminary processing carried out on these smaller datasets. Upon completion of the core, these batches of data are concatenated into a single file. At this point, the data are assessed for quality and cleaned if necessary. Breaks (empty cells) in the final processed data set reflect core that was of insufficient quality to scan. This includes values either removed during the quality assurance/quality control process or gaps due to varying spatial resolution. Zero values appear in the dataset where the natural gamma is recording background values

only. Calibrations and any background values are checked to ensure optimal results in the processing phase. Specific instrument configurations and calibration values for the core analysis are provided in tables below for each individual borehole. An explanation of the parameters included within the tables is provided in the Analysis Methods section of this document. While this information is not required to interrogate the final processed and cleaned data, it may be useful should the reader wish to undertake modelling or alternate processing approaches.

Available data files: 1. Final processed & QA/QC’d “.csv” data files of MSCL results.

Table 2. Captured data in “raw” and “processed” files.

Raw Data Additional process variables Processed Data Data point Data point Sub-bottom depth (cm) Core depth (cm) Section no. Depth in section (cm) Core thickness deviation (mm) Reference core thickness (RCT) – HQ, NQ Core thickness (CT) (cm) P-wave travel time (µsec) Core thickness (CT), Temperature P-wave velocity (m/s) P-wave signal amplitude (mV) P-wave amplitude (mV) Attenuated gamma (cps) Core thickness (CT) & calibration values Gamma density (g/cc) Magnetic susceptibility (SI x 10-5) Magnetic susceptibility (SI x 10-5) P-wave velocity (m/s), Gamma density (g/cc) Impedance (x103 kgm-2s-1) Temperature (°C) Natural gamma (cps) Background Natural gamma (cps) Electrical Resistivity (mV) Temperature Resistivity ( Ω.m)

Stavely Boreholes and Summary Results.

A summary of the lithologies and stratigraphy intersected during the drilling of the LOCKINGTON boreholes is presented in this report.

Table 3. Lockington Project boreholes with measured depths, total interval length and corresponding core tray numbers.

BOREHOLE MEASURED DEPTH for Total Metres Tray Numbers scanning

06_LODH_15 65.5 - 364 m 298.5 1 - 62

07_LODH_31 63-278.60 m 215.6 1 - 47

LODT004-W1 19.50-372.3 m 352.8 1 - 72

Table 4. Mean (μ), median (x ̃) and standard deviation (σ) measurement values for lithological units intersected in each borehole. Magnetic P-wave velocity Electrical Gamma density Natural gamma susceptibility m/s resistivity Ω.m g/cc cps Borehole ID Unit SI x 10-5 (μ) (x ̃) (σ) (μ) (x ̃) (σ) (μ) (x ̃) (σ) (μ) (x ̃) (σ) (μ) (x ̃) (σ)

06_LODH_15

Bamawm 07_LODH_31 4498 4880 855 28 27 9 114 43 248 2.6 2.7 0.2 45 44 8 Sandstone Bamawm 07_LODH_31 4769 5119 756 35 38 11 59 9 126 2.7 2.8 0.2 50 51 9 Shale LODT004-W1

Lockington Boreholes – Detailed Results.

06_LODH_15 Drilling of 06_LODH_15 commenced on the 18th of May 2006 within the Lockington East Project area. The borehole was drilled to a measured depth of 364 m. MSCL scanning commenced on the 11th of November 2014 and was completed on the 5th of December 2014. The primary purpose of 06_LODH_15 was to evaluate the presence of gold mineralization, targeting the Carnie Trend.

Table 5. 06_LODH_15 lithology. Borehole ID mFrom mTo Lithology Group Formation

06_LODH_15 65.5 364 shale, sandstone, shale topped sands

Supplied Core Table 6. Summary of data collected for the scanned interval 65.5 to 364 m. Trays Total Total metres Total meters Data points – Sensors* Data points per meter of Data points - Natural Gamma metres scanned not scanned (2 cm resolution) scanned core (10 cm resolution) 58 298.5 241.9 56.6 5755 19 (quality = poor) 1157 *gamma density, core thickness, P-wave velocity and amplitude, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility.

Processing Parameters Table 7. Parameter values used for 06_LODH_15 core in calculations to generate the processed data set. Processing Parameters: HQ Range Abbreviatio Parameter Unit Processing Value n RCT (Reference Core Thickness) =6.35 Core Thickness CT cm W=0 (Measured CT=RCT±Core Deviation). P-wave Amplitude (PWAmp) mV A=1 B=0 P-wave Velocity (PWVel) m/s PTO (P-wave Travel Time) =12.25 Gamma density (Den1) g/cc A=.0004 B=-.065 C=10.39 LD (Loop Magnetic Susceptibility (MS1) SI A=1 B=0 Den=0 Diameter) =8 B (Background Counts) =Variable Natural Gamma (NGAM) cps (measured before each scan) Electrical resistivity (RES) Ohm.m A=187.452 B= -1.0496 p=0 T=0 Processing Parameters: NQ Range Abbreviatio Parameter Unit Processing Value n RCT (Reference Core Thickness) =4.76 Core Thickness CT cm W=0 (Measured CT=RCT±Core Deviation). P-wave Amplitude (PWAmp) mV A=1 B=0 P-wave Velocity (PWVel) m/s PTO (P-wave Travel Time) =12.25 Gamma density (Den1) g/cc A=.0004 B=-.065 C=10.34 LD (Loop Magnetic Susceptibility (MS1) SI A=1 B=0 Den=0 Diameter) =8 B (Background Counts) =Variable Natural Gamma (NGAM) cps (measured before each scan) Electrical resistivity (RES) Ohm.m A=187.452 B= -1.0496 p=0 T=0 Note: The constants A,B W, C, p and T are explained in the Analysis methods section of this report.

General lithology and petrophysical response:

Trays 46-77 (65.5 m to 364 m) shale, sandstone

The scattered values at the beginning of the borehole are the result of extensive weathering and alteration. The presence of weathering decreases downhole, disappearing around 165 m. This weathering associated variability can also be seen in the sensor responses of gamma density, magnetic susceptibility and natural gamma. The scattered P-wave results that occur further down the borehole are the result of poor transmission and attenuation due to defects such as fractures and veining. The majority of P-wave velocities range from 4500 m/s to 5500 m/s. The observed dominant mode is 5500 m/s (Figure 2a). The measured velocities sit just above the range of values expected for sandstones 1200-5100 m/s (Ji et al., 2013). This suggests that the sampled lithology is well lithified.

Figure 2a: Frequency plots of key modes in the data for P-wave velocity, gamma density, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity from 2 cm measurement intervals of core 06_LODH_15.

The magnetic susceptibility values range between 1 and 117 SI x10-5. Figure 2a shows the majority of data sits around the 40 SI x10-5 mode. The transition from scattered magnetic susceptibility values to relatively consistent values occurs at 126 m. The average magnetic susceptibility across the borehole is 31.0 SI x10-5. At 156.9 m there is a brief increase in magnetic susceptibility and gamma density with a corresponding drop in electrical resistivity. This increase occurs within a section of shale topped sands. Slight decreases in magnetic susceptibility occur 188–191 m, 238–247 m and 254–268 m.

Electrical resistivity values range between 0 and 1400 Ω.m. The average electrical resistivity across the entire borehole is 106 Ω.m. Distinct increases in electrical resistivity occur at 93-96 m, 106-126m, 170- 188m, 220-294m and 348-355m with electrical resistivity ranging between 88-500 Ω.m. Significant decreases occur at 208-219m and 332-334m where electrical resistivity drops down to 2-10 Ω.m.

The majority of gamma density values fall between 1.7 and 3.1 g/cc. The average gamma density across the entire borehole is 2.8 g/cc. The variation in gamma density is very modest – with a standard deviation of just 0.2 g/cc. These gamma density results sit within the range expected for shales (1.77- 3.2 g/cc) and sandstones (1.61-2.76 g/cc)(Berkman 1989, p. 317).

Natural gamma values range from 0 to 105 cps. The overall values obtained indicate a reasonable proportion of the heat producing elements K, U and Th and their associated minerals such as potassium-feldspar. The predominance of shales throughout 06_LODH_15 correlate with the reasonably high counts observed. There is no obvious difference in counts that would indicated the change from shale to small intervals of siltstone or sandstone that occur throughout the borehole.

Figure 2b: MSCL Scans 65.5 m to 364 m for core thickness, P-wave velocity, gamma density, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity at 2 cm sample intervals, and natural gamma from 10 cm sample intervals of core 06_LODH_15 .

07_LODH_31

Drilling of 07_LODH_31 commenced on 5th of October 2007. The borehole was drilled to a measured depth of 278.5 m. MSCL scanning commenced on the 23rd of July 2014 and was completed on the 14th of August 2014. The primary purpose of 06_LODH_15 was to evaluate the presence of gold mineralization, targeting the Main-Lees Trend.

Table 8. 07_LODH_31 lithology. BoreholeID mFrom mTo Lithology Group Formation

07_LODH_31 63 278.6 Ripple bedded sandstones and shale topped sands

Supplied Core Table 9. Summary of data collected for the scanned interval 89.60 m to 278.17 m. Trays Total Total metres Total meters Data points – Sensors* Data points per meter of Data points - Natural metres scanned not scanned (2 cm resolution) scanned core Gamma (10 cm resolution) 47 215.6 142.1 73.6 3041 21 (quality = good) 603 *gamma density, core thickness, P-wave velocity and amplitude, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility. An additional eight data points are recorded as a result of alternate lab testing.

Processing Parameters Table 10. Parameter values used for 07_LODH_31 core in calculations to generate the processed data set. Processing Parameters: HQ Range Parameter Abbreviation Unit Processing Value RCT (Reference Core Thickness) =6.35 Core Thickness CT cm W=0 (Measured CT=RCT±Core Deviation). P-wave Amplitude (PWAmp) mV A=1 B=0 P-wave Velocity (PWVel) m/s PTO (P-wave Travel Time) =12.25 Gamma density (Den1) g/cc A=.0004 B=-.065 C=10.39 LD (Loop Magnetic Susceptibility (MS1) SI A=1 B=0 Den=0 Diameter) =8 B (Background Counts) =Variable Natural Gamma (NGAM) cps (measured before each scan) Ohm. Electrical resistivity (RES) A=187.452 B= -1.0496 p=0 T=0 m Processing Parameters: NQ Range Parameter Abbreviation Unit Processing Value RCT (Reference Core Thickness) =4.76 Core Thickness CT cm W=0 (Measured CT=RCT±Core Deviation). P-wave Amplitude (PWAmp) mV A=1 B=0 P-wave Velocity (PWVel) m/s PTO (P-wave Travel Time) =12.25 Gamma density (Den1) g/cc A=.0004 B=-.065 C=10.34 LD (Loop Magnetic Susceptibility (MS1) SI A=1 B=0 Den=0 Diameter) =8 B (Background Counts) =Variable Natural Gamma (NGAM) cps (measured before each scan) Ohm. Electrical resistivity (RES) A=187.452 B= -1.0496 p=0 T=0 m

General lithology and petrophysical response:

Trays 7 - 47 (89.60 m to 278.17 m) siltstone and shale topped sands.

The average P-wave velocity for the scanned section of 07_LODH_31 is 4640 m/s. There is a clear gradational increase in velocities from the start of scanning to 180 m. This would be consistent with the diminishing impact of surface weathering with increasing depth. The highly weathered nature of the core at the start of the well has resulted in missing data. Once past the influence of weathering the data concentrates around the 4900 m/s mode.

Figure 3a: Frequency plots of key modes in the data for P-wave velocity, gamma density, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity from 2 cm measurement intervals of core 07_LODH_31.

The magnetic susceptibility values for 07_LODH_31 lie between 2.6 and 74.6 SI x10-5. The average susceptibility across the entire borehole is 29.9 SI x10-5. The majority of data presents with little variation from this average with the exception of the weathered section of the borehole which displays lower magnetic susceptibility values. A slight increase occurs from 240-260 m which corresponds with a significant decrease in electrical resistivity.

Electrical resistivity values range between 5.1 and 2689 Ω.m. The average electrical resistivity across the entire borehole is 94.6 Ω.m. There is a strong bi-modal distribution, with the two dominant modes being at 10 Ω.m and 150 Ω.m (Figure 4a). Clear increases in electrical resistivity can be seen from 178- 204 m and 260-265 m. Decreases from 145-160 m and 240-260 m. These changes do not appear to correlate with lithological boundaries recorded in the geological logging of the borehole.

The average gamma density across the entire borehole is 2.9 g/cc. There is little variation in the gamma density. The expected average density for shale is 2.4 g/cc with a range of 1.77-3.2 g/cc (Berkman 1989, p. 317). The dominant mode of 2.8 g/cc is consitant with the range of expected values. Brief increases in density occur between 182-182.4 and 239-239.5m with both depths displaying a corresponding increase in electrical resistivity.

Natural gamma values range from 23 to 73 cps, but generally lie close to an average of 46 cps. This is indicative of modest concentrations of heat producing elements.

Figure 3b: MSCL Scans 89.60 m to 278.17 m for core thickness, P-wave velocity, gamma density, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity at 2 cm sample intervals, and natural gamma alternating between 2 cm and 10 cm sample intervals of 07_LODH_31.

LODT004-W1

Drilling of LODT004-W1 commenced on 4th of October 2011 south of Lockington. The borehole was drilled to a measured depth of 372.2 m. MSCL scanning commenced on the 3rd of December 2015 and was completed on the 11th of March 2016. The primary purpose of LODT004-W1 was to target the eastern structures of the Lockington South region.

Table 11. LODT004-W1 lithology. BoreholeID mFrom mTo Lithology Group Formation

LODT004-W1 0 372.2 Sandstone, shale and siltstone

Supplied Core Table 12. Summary of data collected for the scanned interval 19.50 m to 372.20 m. Trays Total Total metres Total meters Data points – Sensors* Data points per meter Data points - Natural Gamma metres scanned not scanned (2 cm resolution) of scanned core (10 cm resolution) 72 352.8 218.1 134.7 7093 33 (quality = good) 1429 *gamma density, core thickness, P-wave velocity and amplitude, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility.

Processing Parameters Table 13. Parameter values used for LODT004-W1 core in calculations to generate the processed data set. Processing Parameters: NQ Range Abbreviatio Parameter Unit Processing Value n RCT (Reference Core Thickness) =4.76 Core Thickness CT cm W=0 (Measured CT=RCT±Core Deviation). P-wave Amplitude (PWAmp) mV A=1 B=0 P-wave Velocity (PWVel) m/s PTO (P-wave Travel Time) =12.25 Gamma density (Den1) g/cc A=-0.0005 B= -.0525 C=10.29 LD (Loop Magnetic Susceptibility (MS1) SI A=1 B=0 Den=0 Diameter) =8 B (Background Counts) =Variable – Natural Gamma (NGAM) cps measured before each scan Electrical resistivity (RES) Ohm.m A=187.452 B= -1.0496 p=0 T=0

General lithology and petrophysical response:

Trays 1-72 (19.5 m to 372.2 m) sandstone, shale and siltstone.

The average P-wave velocities for LODT004-W1 is ~4990 m/s. The P-wave velocities concentrate around the modal value of 5500 m/s (Figure 4a). The large amount of scattered data points are the result of the fractured and veined nature of the core. The measured velocities sit in the higher range of values expected for sandstones 1200-5100 m/s and shale 1200-2100 m/s (Ji et al., 2013). This suggests that the sampled lithology is well lithified.

Figure 4a: Frequency plots of key modes in the data for P-wave velocity, gamma density, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity from 2 cm measurement intervals of core LODT004-W1.

The majority of magnetic susceptibility values range between 220 and 250 SI x10-5. The average susceptibility across the entire borehole is 234 SI x10-5. Sharp increases in magnetic susceptibility occur at 83 m and 165 m. This appears to be a result of variations in core thickness as significant decreases are observed at the same intervals.

The average electrical resistivity across the entire borehole is 2.7 Ω.m. The data are concentrated between the modes of 2.3-3.5 Ω.m (Figure 4a), indicating a relatively uniform response for the borehole.

The average gamma density across the entire borehole is 2.75 g/cc. This is reflected in the dominance of the 2.8 g/cc mode (Figure 4a). This is consistent with the expected range of 1.77-3.2 g/cc for shales

and 1.62-2.76 g/cc for sandstones (Berkman 1989, p. 317). From 169 m there is a slight increase in variability with data becoming more spread out from the average of 2.75 g/cc. This could be the result of a lithological change from laminated shale to shale topped sands. A slight decrease in density is observed at 313.8 m.

Natural gamma values range from 1 to 90 cps, but generally lie close to a mean of 53 cps. This is indicative of modest concentrations of heat producing elements.

Figure 4b: MSCL Scans 19.50 m to 372.30 m for core thickness, P-wave velocity, gamma density, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and natural gamma from 2 cm sample intervals of core LODT004-W1.

Appendix 1 Analysis methods 1 - Gamma Density

Operating Principle

A gamma ray source and detector are mounted across the core on a sensor stand that aligns them with the centre of the core. A narrow beam of collimated gamma rays is emitted from a caesium-137 source. These gamma rays pass through the core and are detected on the other side.

The primary mechanism for the attenuation of gamma rays is by Compton scattering. The incident gamma photons are scattered by the electrons in the core with a partial energy loss. The attenuation, therefore, is directly related to the number of electrons in the gamma ray beam (core thickness and electron density). By measuring both the thickness of the core (see P-wave analysis below) and the number of transmitted gamma photons that pass through the core unattenuated, the gamma density of the core material can be determined.

Gamma Ray Source

A 10 milli-curie caesium-137 capsule (active element CsCl) is used as the gamma ray source. 137Cs has a half-life of 30.2 years and emits gamma energy principally at 0.662 MeV. The small caesium capsule is securely housed inside a 150 mm diameter, lead filled, 3 mm wall stainless steel container. The design restricts the radiation at the surface of the container to less than 5 μSv/h.

Calibration and Processing

The basic equation for calculating bulk density from gamma ray attenuation measurements is:

1 I ρ = ln 0 µd I where: ρ= sediment bulk density € μ= the Compton attenuation coefficient d = the sediment thickness

I0 = the gamma source intensity

I = the measured intensity through the sample

In practice many experimental factors need to be addressed in order to obtain valid bulk density measurements, consequently the simplest and most reliable method for the calibration and calculation of gamma density is to use an empirical approach that has been shown to provide excellent results. For a dry core the calibration is done with machined aluminium density calibration samples (NQ size and HQ size) which have gamma densities of 2.65 g/cc. Gamma density can be measured with an accuracy better than 1% depending upon count time used and core condition (highly variable).

Gamma counts are taken through the calibration sample for long count times (~100 s) at different known aluminium thicknesses and plotted as a graph of average ρ·d vs. ln I. The variable (lnI) is the natural log of the measured intensity in counts per second (cps) and ρ·d is the average gamma density x thickness of the aluminium. The resultant graph is defined by the equation:

y = Ax2 + Bx + C where: x = ρ · d y = InI €

The constants A, B & C that are derived from the equation are then entered directly into the gamma density processing panel to convert the raw data to processed data.

The equation used in converting the gamma attenuation in the raw data to traditional gamma density values (kg/m3 or g/cc in the processed data) is as follows:

2 ln(GA) = A(GD1× X) + B(GD1× X)+ C where: GD1 = gamma density (g/cc) X = core thickness (cm) GA = gamma attenuation (cps) A = constant B = constant C = constant

Figure 15. Gamma density 137Cs source with NaI(Tl) detector..

2 - Core Thickness

The thickness of the core is an important component parameter in the calculation of many of the MSCL logs. The thickness or diameter of the core is measured as the distance between the active faces of the two P-wave transducers (PWT). This is achieved by mounting a laser distance transducer (DT) on each of the PWT mountings. Each DT is coupled to the moving PWT bracket at the rear end of each transducer. In this way each DT precisely follows the movement of each PWT. In practice the core thickness is measured with reference to a known thickness and it is the deviation from that reference thickness that is recorded in the raw data files. The actual core thickness is calculated from these values (see Core Thickness Data Processing below).

Calibration and Processing

A round calibration bar (Reference Core Thickness–RCT) of known diameter is used to adjust the relative positions of the PWT to ensure good acoustic contact. The RCTs are suitable for a range of core sizes including NQ (47.6 mm), NQ2 (50.6 mm), NQ3 (44.0 mm) and HQ (63.5 mm), HQ3 (61.1 mm) and NGM/NTW (56.1 mm). Thickness measurements have a resolution of 0.01 mm.

Core Thickness Data Processing

Having calibrated the DTs the raw data provides the deviation in diameter between the reference piece of known thickness (RCT) and the actual thickness at any point. The core thickness (which is the real parameter required) is therefore calculated using the following equation: CTD X = RCT − W + 10 where: X = core thickness (cm) RCT = reference core thickness (cm) W = total liner wall thickness€ (cm) – if used CTD = core thickness deviation (raw data, mm)

Figure 16. MSCL transducers, Core thickness and P wave velocities.

3 - P-wave Velocity

Background: P-waves

P-waves (primary or pressure waves) are longitudinal or compressional waves, which means that the material they propagate through is alternately compressed and dilated in the direction of propagation. In solids, these waves generally travel almost twice as fast as S-waves and can travel through any type of material. In air, these pressure waves take the form of sound waves, hence they travel at the speed of sound. Typical speeds are 330 m/s in air, 1480 m/s in seawater and 4500-6500 m/s in granite (GeoTEK, 2014, p. 6-1).

In contrast, S-waves, or shear waves, propagate through a solid via a particle motion that is orthogonal to the direction of propagation. S-waves do not travel through fluids (gas or liquid), hence can only be measured in solids. Typical speeds are 3500-3800 m/s in granite (GeoTEK, 2014, p. 6-1).

Ultrasonic waves follow ray paths bent by the varying density and moduli of incompressibility and rigidity of the material. The density and moduli, in turn, vary according to temperature, composition and phase. P-wave velocity is calculated from measurements of the travel time of the wave and distance travelled: d V = t where: V= p-wave velocity d = distance travelled t = time taken to travel distance “d”

MSCL P-wave Operating Principle

A short P-wave pulse is produced at the transmitter. This pulse propagates through the core and is detected by the receiver. Pulse timing software is used to measure the travel time of the pulse with a resolution of 50 ns. The distance travelled is measured as the outside core diameter with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. After calibration, the P-wave velocity can be calculated with a resolution of about 1.5 m/s. However, with care, an absolute accuracy of ± 3 m/s is normally achievable.

Data processing of the raw data incorporates a number of equations:

VPCorr = Vp ×VPFrac

(10000 ×X) VP = and TT = TOT − PTO TT where: VPCorr = Corrected P-wave velocity (m/s) VP = P-wave at measure temperature (m/s) VPFac = 1 € X = core thickness (processed data, cm) TT = core travel time (μsec) PTO = P-wave travel offset (μsec)

TOT = total travel time (raw data, μsec)

Acoustic Impedance

Acoustic impedance is derived from the P-wave data and can be used to generate synthetic seismograms by calculating the reflection coefficients between boundaries (assuming normal incidence, no multiples or reverberations and no absorption). Depth can be converted to time (two way travel time - TWT) by integrating the measurement depths and velocities.

Acoustic impedance is the product of P-wave velocity and gamma density:

IMP = VPT ×GD1 where: IMP = Acoustic impedance VPT = Core P-wave velocity (processed data, m/s) GD1 = Gamma density 1 (processed data, gm/cm3)

Acoustic impedance is reported with units of x 103 kgm-2 s-1.

4 - Electrical resistivity

Background

Electrical resistivity is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current and is the inverse of electrical conductivity. A low electrical resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the movement of electrical charge. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω.m) and the SI unit of electrical conductivity is Siemens per metre (S/m).

Operating Principle

The non-contact resistivity (NCR) technique operates by inducing a high frequency magnetic field in the core, from a transmitter coil, which in turn induces electrical currents in the core that are inversely proportional to the resistivity. A receiver coil measures very small magnetic fields regenerated by the electrical current. Resistivity between 0.1 and 10 ohm-m (Ω.m) can be measured at spatial resolutions along the core of approximately 2 cm. Calibration is performed using a suite of salt water standards of known electrical resistivity values (0.21, 0.39, 0.75, 1.73, 3.32, 15.48 Ω.m).

To calculate the electrical resistivity, the following equation is used: T R = (A×V + B) where: R = Electrical resistivity ( Ω.m) V= Measured raw millivolts (mV) T = Temperature correction ( Ω.m/C) A = constant B = constant

Figure 17. Electrical resistivity measured using the NCR Sensor System developed by GeoTEK in collaboration with the British Geological Survey and the University of Leicester. 5 - Magnetic Susceptibility

Background

Magnetic susceptibility is the degree of magnetisation of a material in response to an applied magnetic field. If magnetic susceptibility is positive, then the material can be paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, or anti-ferromagnetic. In this case the magnetic field is strengthened by the presence of the material. Alternatively, if magnetic susceptibility is negative the material is diamagnetic. As a result, the magnetic field is weakened in the presence of the material.

The Bartington loop sensor is used for magnetic susceptibility measurements on whole cores. For maximum resolution of magnetic susceptibility the loop-diameter/core-diameter ratio should be as small as possible. AGOS/SOB uses an 8 cm loop diameter optimised for HQ and NQ core sizes.

Operating Principle

An oscillator circuit in the sensor produces a low intensity, non-saturating, alternating magnetic field. Any material in the near vicinity of the sensor, that has a magnetic susceptibility, will cause a change in the oscillator frequency. The electronics convert this pulsed frequency information into magnetic susceptibility values.

Calibration and Processing

The magnetic susceptibility sensor is electronically set to measure a single standard sample of a stable iron oxide (931 x 10-3 SI units) that has been tested and analysed by the manufacturer (Bartington Instruments Ltd). Therefore, all magnetic susceptibility sensors supplied should record exactly the same value for the standard. In that sense, the magnetic susceptibility system is calibrated absolutely. Since the calibration has been set electronically it should not alter. The calibration sample is used to

check the long term consistency of the calibration. As magnetic susceptibility measurements are temperature sensitive, AGOS maintains a stable temperature laboratory environment (generally 21-22 0C) during measurement. Bartington Instruments report a calibration accuracy of 5% (based on a calibration sample provided), and the MS2C unit has a spatial resolution of 20 mm. Measurement drift at 20°C is <2 x 10-5 SI (<2 x 10-6 cgs) (vol) in 10 minutes after 5 minutes of operation.

Corrected, volume-specific magnetic susceptibility

The raw data obtained from the MSCL magnetic susceptibility system provides uncorrected, volume- specific magnetic susceptibility. The volume specific magnetic susceptibility (κ rel) must be corrected to account for the relative difference in the core size (D1) and the sensor loop size (d). Scanning by the AGOS/SOB laboratory produces corrected, volume-specific susceptibility (κ), in SI units, which is given by: where: κ = κ uncor / κ rel (·105 SI units) and κ rel = 4.8566 · (d/D1)2 – 3.0163 · (d/D1) + 0.6448

The units for corrected, volume-specific magnetic susceptibility can be changed by:

κ (SI units) = 4π · 10-6 κ (cgs units)

Figure 18. Magnetic susceptibility measurement using the Bartington MS2C Loop Sensor (8 cm inside diameter).

6 - Natural Gamma Measurements

Background

Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation given off by an atomic nucleus during the spontaneous decay of an unstable element (radioisotope). These waves are characteristically at wavelengths between 10-9 and 10-11 cm). A gamma ray event corresponds to the transition from one state to another of lower energy and the emission of a photon with energy equal to the difference between the two states. Gamma rays have energies in the order of keV and MeV. For measurement purposes, it is assumed that secular equilibrium has been reached.

Natural Gamma Measurements

The Geotek Natural Gamma sensor system used by AGOS/SOB cannot be calibrated to give GAPI standard units-GAPI is Gamma ray, American Petroleum Institute, a standard used in borehole-logging for the petroleum industry. Measurements generated by the AGOS/SOB petrophysics laboratory are presented in counts per second (cps). This unit is dependent on the device (i.e. detector geometry) and the volume of the material measured.

Natural Gamma Total Counts

Total counts refers to the integration of all emission counts over the gamma ray energy range between 0 and 3 MeV. This radiation is primarily emitted from three isotopes, 40K, 238U and 232Th, and their decay products. Natural gamma measurement requires the acquisition of a zero-background spectrum, and the resulting spectrum is subtracted from the measured spectrum of a core sample to remove any environmental radiation effects within the measurement window.

Calibration and Operation

The AGOS/SOB system uses 3 NaI(Tl) detectors to collect multichannel spectra over 1024 channels in the range of 0-3 MeV. Detector resolution is 6-8% specified at the 0.662 MeV peak of 137Cs, and the unit has a down-core (spatial) resolution of 10 cm. A suite of naturally-occurring materials supplied by the IAEA in Austria (IAEA-RGK-1, Potassium Sulfate, IAEA-RGTh-1, Thorium Ore and IAEA-RGU- 1, Uranium Ore) is used for energy calibration and checking.

Figure 19. Natural Gamma measurement with three NaI(Tl) detectors over the energy range 0-3 MeV.

7 - Core Temperature A standard PRT (platinum resistance thermometer) probe is used to measure ambient temperature within the laboratory during scanning. It is most important for accurate velocity measurements in sediments because velocity changes by approximately 3 m/s per °C. The temperature measurements are also used to calculate correct electrical resistivity. Temperature measurements have a resolution of 0.01 °C.

References

Berkman, D 1989, Field geologists manual, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Parkville, Vic.

GeoTEK, 2014. Multi-Sensor Core Logger – Manual, version 17-012-14. www.geotek.co.uk . Ji, S., Shao, T., Michibayashi, K., Long, C., Wang, Q., Kondo, Y., Zhao, W., Wang, H. and Salisbury, M. (2013). A new calibration of seismic velocities, anisotropy, fabrics, and elastic moduli of amphibole-rich rocks. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118(9), pp.4699-4728.

Ji, S., T. Shao, K. Michibayashi, C. Long, Q. Wang, Y. Kondo, W. Zhao, H. Wang, and M. H. Salisbury (2013). A new calibration of seismic velocities, anisotropy, fabrics, and elastic moduli of amphibole-rich rocks, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118 , 4699–4728..

Telford WM, Geldart LP, Sheriff RE (1990). Applied Geophysics (2nd Ed.), Cambridge University Press. Turner, G. 2008. Fosterville East: Annual Report on Work to 31st December 2008 on Exploration Licence 4552. Annual Technical Report submitted to MPV, for Gold Fields Australasia Pty Ltd. Exploration Management Services Pty Ltd report, January 2009.

TURNER, G., 2013. Timpetra Resources Ltd. EL 4742, Lockington. Annual report for the period ending 31 December 2013. Earth Resources Division Expired Exploration Reports File.

30 Appendix 3 – Lockington Database Compilation Report

42 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia

14/02/2019

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF VICTORIA Lockington Project Database Compilation Report

Version Date Document Changes Author Number 14/02/2019 1.0 First version Milen Gebreab

GSV- Lockington Database Compilation Report 14/02/2019

Contact Details

Geological Survey of Victoria

To: Melanie Phillips/Melissa Say Title: Geologist - Minerals Tenements Company: Geological Survey of Victoria Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources Address: Level 17, 1 Spring St, Melbourne VIC 3000 Tel: +61 3 9452 8977 Email: [email protected] /[email protected]

Copy To: Cameron Cairns Company: Manager Minerals Geoscience Tel: +61 3 9452 8972 Email: [email protected]

MagnaView Data Consulting

From: Milen Gebreab Title: Data Management Consultant Company: MagnaView Data Consulting Address: 46/ 26-36 High Street, Northcote VIC 3070 Tel: +61 456 033 655 Email: [email protected]

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Geological Survey of Victoria (GSV) has contracted MagnaView Data (MagnaView) to compile modern open- file mineral exploration data from the Lockington Project into a single relational database for release to the public. The Lockington Project is located in Central Victoria, 70 kilometres north of Bendigo. The data compilation project captured, validated and compiled the supplied petrophysics and modern open- file mineral exploration data records, including collar, survey, geology, samples, analyses and metadata for Exploration licences EL4552, EL4553, EL4554, EL 4555 and EL4742. The vast majority of the supplied data has been compiled successfully. Almost all data issues identified during the data loading process were resolved, and only a small number of records with issues that were unable to be resolved by MagnaView or GSV have been quarantined. During the compilation, several items for database improvement were identified. MagnaView has actioned some of these items as a value add. Other items have been referred to in the report as recommendations for further action. Key areas where action is required to improve the quality and usability of the data are summarised below: • Review and verify data updated for loading. • Check through supplied quarantined data files and advise MagnaView if any of the validation issues could be resolved. • Reconcile duplicated library codes and delete the redundant codes form the relevant libraries • Where possible, source and update missing metadata.

In addition to the above recommendations, there are several opportunities to add value to the database which could be pursued as ongoing database project work: • To further improve the usability of the database, additional geological details should be extracted from Aircore Lith Description data captured in DHGeology_Combined “Comments” column and loaded into the relevant geology fields. • Sample condition, sample recovery and contamination data also captured in Aircore Lith Description and loaded to DHSamples “Comments” column should be extracted and loaded into the relevant sample fields. • Compile water assay data to get a better picture of effect of water in sampling and assay results. • Compile all other available Lockington open-file data including surface geochem and geophysics data.

MagnaView is available to assist GSV in resolving any of these issues.

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2 CONTENTS

1 Executive Summary 3

2 Contents 4

3 Overview 5

4 Data Compilation 6

4.1 Database Construction 6

4.2 Data Migration Summary 6

4.3 Database Export 7

4.4 Data Review and Recommendations 7

5 APPENDIX 1: Migration Technical summary 8

6 APPENDIX 2: database export Tables Summary 12

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3 OVERVIEW

This report summarises the work completed to compile modern open-file mineral exploration data from the Lockington Project into a single relational database for release to the public. The compilation workflow includes: • SQL database schema customisation to suit the supplied data. All data loaded was compiled into relational database tables with all appropriate validation constraints. • The supplied data files were re-restructured, transformed and cleaned-up before migration. • All supplied MRT data files have been loaded into the database. Several data issues were identified and corrected. • Export database design confirmed with GSV, project progress updates and database exports supplied. • Final database export provided. However, during data review for final project, several quality improvement items were identified and action. • Updated database will be provided after the final report.

Deliverables • GSV_Lockington_Data_Compilation_Tracking_Feb2019.xlsx • Access Database export: Lockington_DataExport_Final_20190208.accdb • Quarantine data files: Lockington_Quarantined_Data_Feb2019.7z • Compilation Report: GSV_Lockington_DataCompilation_Report_Feb2019.pdf

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4 DATA COMPILATION

4.1 Database Construction Schema changes were made to the DataShed SQL database to fit the supplied data, based on the initial data mapping and additional requirements identified during the data migration. These included: • Addition of 6 new data tables • Addition of 10 new library tables • Several new fields added to the existing tables • Addition of 20 new Data Export views 4.2 Data Migration Summary The work undertaken to migrate the supplied data into the new relational database is summarised below. These are further detailed in the Technical Summary Section (Appendix 1). • All supplied data has been compiled into a “Lockington” dataset. • Data tracking was maintained throughout the compilation process. Several audit trails were implemented to ensure the compiled data can be traced back to the original source, including: o Data tracking spreadsheet to capture the number of records supplied against the number of records migrated for all data files. o Source file column has been updated in all drilling tables table so that the original data source is easily identifiable. o DataCompilation_Comments has been added and updated record data changes made in each table. o Several columns in the database to capture the original supplied data when editing is required. • Geology library codes were compiled and loaded from reported MRT geology code file supplied by GSV. • Most of the drilling, sampling and assay metadata was captured and populated from the MRT metadata headers. New codes created/compiled and then loaded into all relevant lookup/library tables • Additional metadata was sourced and populated from the accompanying annual technical reports. • Regular contact with GSV to discuss the supplied data, compilation processes and resolve data issues. • Many data issues were identified during the data migration. Major data issues identified included data temple format issues, missing data, overlapping intervals, duplication of data and invalid data. • The vast majority of these issues were resolved by GSV and the corrected data has been loaded. A small number of records with issues that were unable to be resolved by MagnaView or GSV have been quarantined. • Water and surface geochem data was not included in this compilation.

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4.3 Database Export • GSV approved the MS Access export database as designed and supplied to GSV for review. • The final export has been updated to include interactive summary and validation queries. • Summary of tables in final export are listed are listed in Appendix Two.

4.4 Data Review and Recommendations • All supplied location and drilling data and metadata records were loaded successfully. • All collar coordinates were reported and loaded with coordinate system MGA94 Zone 55. • Some diamond holes have surveyed EOH information, while most EOH survey records appear to be projected. • There are 6 DH Survey records with inconsistent declination value between MGA and Magnetic Azimuth values which need to be reviewed. • Minor changes were made to existing data in order to load some records. These changes are included in the exported tables “DataCompilation_Comments” columns. • Geology data details reported were not optimal for extracting all key information and geological interpretation. To improve the usability of this data MagnaView has cleansed and translated most of the Alteration, Structure, and Vein data during compilation. This data will need to be reviewed and verified by GSV. • Aircore geology Comments/Lith Description contain alteration, structure, minerals details. Extracting data from description and loading into relevant fields would likely help to improve the interpretation of the geology. • Limited geology details were supplied for diamond holes. Data to be sourced from the log and updated if possible. • Annual technical reports reported with MRT files contain additional location, logging, sampling and assay metadata that can be captured to further improve the reliability and value of the compiled data. • There have been some inconsistencies encountered regarding the format/template of MRT files containing assay and geology data. Assay data for some of these records need to be verified as it was truncated/incomplete and missing assay values for several elements. • GSV to review and verify data updated for loading and all new geology codes added. • There are library codes in some geology libraries whereby two or three codes are coding for the same thing; this is creating unnecessary data duplication. Reconcile the codes and delete redundant codes. • There have also been some inconsistencies identified where the lower detection limit values reported in the header do not match some of the below detection limit values (e.g. Ag below DL values include <0.1 and <0.01 in EL4552_G33880_02_Drill_data.txt). This data needs to be reviewed.

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5 APPENDIX 1: MIGRATION TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Collar Data (Data Source = 14 MRT: *Collars_data.txt/xls)

• A total of 1,115 collar records were supplied, out of which 1,114 records were loaded into the database successfully. • Location metadata values such as Survey Company, Survey Instrument & Accuracy, Map Sheet 100k and Map Sheet 250k were captured from MRT metadata headers and related technical reports and populated into relevant fields. • The following collar data issues were identified and resolved during the data loading process: o Date Completed < Date Started in MRT. Date Completed corrected compilation. o Invalid Basement Depth data type for 59 records (reported as 'bnr'). The data was removed from the Basement Depth and loaded into Comments column. o Invalid Pre-collar Depth data values for 3 holes reported as “abd” were removed from the Pre-collar Depth and loaded into Hole Status column as “ABANDONED”. Hole Status also updated for LODT004- W2a as “ABANDONED”. • The following updates were made to improve collar data quality; o Collar Survey Instrument sourced from the accompanying annual report for 29 records where the Survey Method in MRT headers was ambiguous (e.g. “Instrument”, “Survey”). o Parent Hole ID column updated to “LODT004” for associated wedged drill hole. o New codes created/compiled and then loaded into all relevant lookup/library tables. Some codes were re-structured and cleaned up where required. • Data that was not compiled and quarantined include: o Quarantined reason: Duplicate data for 1 drill hole (LODH022) was reported in twice as 06LODH022 in 2006 and 07LODH022 in 2007. Drill hole 06LODH022 and related metadata, survey, Quarantined. Drilling Metadata (Data Source = 14 MRT: *Collars_data.txt/xls)

• A total of 1163 drilling metadata records were generated from collar files and loaded into a separate table. These records contain interval data based on drilling techniques. • New codes created/compiled and then loaded into all relevant lookup/library tables. Some codes were restructured and cleaned up where required. DH Survey (Data Source= 8 MRT: *Collars_data.txt & Survey_data.txt) • All supplied DH Survey records were loaded successfully. • Most of DH Survey data for AC drill holes was captured and loaded from collar files with Depth =0 and Survey Method = “Coll” (collar).

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o Where available, survey metadata values were captured and populated from MRT metadata headers, annual technical reports and other tables; o Aircore records- Survey Company and Survey Date (=Drilled Date) has been populated from MRT headers and collar table. o Diamond records - Survey instrument sourced and populated from related annual reports. DH Samples and Assays (Data Source= MRT: *Drill_data.txt & Assay_data.txt)

• All supplied valid sample intervals were successfully loaded. • The sampling metadata such as Sample Type, Sample Method values were extracted from MRT files header and annual reports and relevant fields populated. • All analytical results related to downhole samples were normalised to capture analysis metadata associated with each assay result. Lab element reflects the incoming field headings. • Flat table populated from the normalised assay data and DH Assay View configured for flat data export. • The following data issues were identified and resolved during the data loading process: o Sample and assay values misaligned with data headers from 3 files. The data files edited to realign the data before loading. Assay data loaded for 33 records was incomplete (missing Au, Ag and others) and unreliable. Assay data 1 sample looked to unreliable and not loaded. o Incorrect SampleIDs were updated for 9 records by GSV. The original supplied SampleIDs have been captured in the Historic_SampleID column in the DHSample table for data tracking and reference. o Inconsistent intervals/Duplicate SampleID issue for 10 records was resolved by updating the intervals from the original log. o 1 Assay result with NSS (Not Sufficient Sample) Assay value replaced with -9999. • The following updates were made to improve collar data quality; o Sample Method updated to “grab” for from exploration activity technical report for Aircore samples. o Sample Date populated from collar Drilled date for Aircore samples. • Data that was not compiled and quarantined include: o 162 duplicate records (reported more than once). o 59 DDH Assay intervals reported without SampleID or Assays. o 1 Duplicate Sample ID that could not be reconciled with the original logs. QAQC Samples and Assays (Data Source= 8 MRT: *Duplicates_data.txt& *Standards_Assays.txt)

• A total of 439 duplicate sample records were supplied, out of which 435 records were loaded into the database successfully. • All supplied standard sample records were loaded successfully.Reference value for 8 standards were captured and loaded. • All analytical results related to downhole QAQC samples were normalised to capture analysis metadata associated with each assay result.

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• The following sample duplicate data issues were identified and resolved during the data loading process: o Intervals updated by GSV for 4 records with interval depths > EOH depth for that hole. o Invalid SampleID (Duplicate=Original) in MRT. SampleID was updated by GSV. The original supplied SampleID has been captured in the Historic_SampleID column in the DHSampleQC table for data tracking and reference. • The following updates were made to improve collar data quality; o Sample Method updated to “grab” for from exploration activity technical report for Aircore samples. o Sample Date populated from collar Drilled date for Aircore samples. • Data that was not compiled and quarantined include: o 4 records duplicate sample records with mismatched SampleIDs/Intervals with the Original DH Sample records could not be reconciled by GSV and have been quarantined. DH Geology (Data Source= 15 MRT: *DDH_Lithology/Alteration_Data.txt & DDH_Sedlog.txt) • A total of 65,100 records were supplied, out of which 54,009 records were migrated into the database successfully. • Aircore geology records were supplied with combined Lithology, Minerals, Structure, Alteration, Vein and Py % captured and reported on the same interval. This data was loaded a single combined DH Geology table as is. • Diamond Lithology data was also loaded in to the combine DH Geology table. • The following data issues were identified and resolved during the data loading process: o 55 Lith2 records with same code as Lith1 were not merged. o Lith code =”NR” assigned by GSV for 61 intervals without lithology values. o Depth From / Depth To values updated by GSV for 47 records to resolve interval errors (overlapping intervals and intervals >EOH). • The following updates were made to improve data quality; o Structure, Alteration and Vein data supplied contained combined and inconstant codes. This data has been loaded in to the combined DH Geology as supplied as per GSV Request. As a value add, MagnaView has cleansed, translated and loaded this data into the following separate tables: • DHAlteration – to cleanse and load the supplied data, combined Alteration codes were split into separate fields (Alt1_Code to Alt4_Code), inconsistent code updated, and new library codes added. The associated qualifier codes (intensity/colours/styles etc) were moved into Alt_Style field. The original supplied values have been captured in the Orig_MRT_Alteration column in the table for data tracking and reference. • DHStructure_AC: to cleanse and load the supplied data, combined structure Types values were split and loaded into 2 separate fields, inconsistent codes updated, and new library codes added. The associated structure angle fill type and qualifier codes were also split into relevant fields. The original supplied values have been captured in the Orig_MRT_Structure column for data tracking and reference.

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• DHVeins_AC: to cleanse and load the supplied data, inconsistent codes updated, and new library codes added. The associated Vein % trace (tr) values are set to 0.01 for fill type and qualifier codes were also split into relevant fields. The original supplied values have been captured in the Orig_MRT_Vein_Type and Orig_MRT_Vein_pct column for data tracking and reference. • Logged Date and logged by populated from collar Drilled date for Aircore data. o Geology records that were not compiled and quarantined include: o Aircore - 40 records from a drill hole (07LOKC871) is missing collar information and could not load. o Aircore - 284 duplicate data (05LOKC107- 05LOKC115) are already in the database. o Diamond - 10,776 records with duplicate records and invalid intervals (Depth From =Depth To) were not loaded). DH Oriented Structure (Data Source= 26 MRT files)

• A total of 13,919 records, out of which 13786 records core structure measurements, orientation type/quality and infill type data were migrated into the database successfully and loaded into one table. • The supplied Vein, Fault, S0, S1, S1 and Sx core structure records were compiled and loaded into one DH Oriented Structure table. • 133 records with duplicate records, invalid depth and invalid angle readings have been quarantined. DH Core Recovery (Data Source= 2MRT: *RQD_Rec.txt .txt files) • All 1,130 records were loaded as supplied. • GSV requested to disable database check in order to load intervals with >150% recovery. Spectral Analysis (Data_Source= 2MRT: *Spectral_Data.txt) • All 3,213 records were loaded successfully. • GSV identified 4 duplicate records as repeat analysis. To capture this data, a new column Reading was created and added to the primary keys; and repeat readings set to 1 (original set to 0). DH Petrophysics (Data_Source= 3 CSV files) • All 15856 records were loaded successfully. • 5 procession parameter records were loaded into the associated calibration table. • Analysis Metadata values such as dates, instrument and analysed supplied by GSV and populated. • GSV identified 40 duplicate records as repeat analysis. To capture this data, a new column Reading was created and added to the primary keys; and repeat readings set to 1 (original set to 0).

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6 APPENDIX 2: DATABASE EXPORT TABLES SUMMARY

Name RecordTotal ASSAY_Batch 117 ASSAY_BatchDetails 1,513 ASSAY_Flat_All 16,966 ASSAY_Flat_DH 16,514 ASSAY_Flat_DHQC 434 ASSAY_Flat_STD 18 ASSAY_Normalised_All 165,482 ASSAY_Normalised_DH 161,033 ASSAY_Normalised_DHQC 4,310 ASSAY_Normalised_STD 139 DHAlteration 4,115 DHAssays 16,526 DHAssaysQC 435 DHCollar 1,114 DHCoreRecoveryRQD 1,130 DHDrillingMetaData 1,163 DHGeology_Combined 54,009 DHPetrophysics 15,852 DHPetrophysicsCalibration 5 DHSamples 16,526 DHSamplesQC 435 DHSpectralAnalysis 3,213 DHStandardAssays 19 DHStandardSamples 19 DHStructure_AC 2,564 DHStructure_Orient 13,783 DHSurvey 1,501 DHVeins 2,057

Version 1.1 GSV Initials Confidential Appendix 4 – EL 3539 Database Compilation Report

(Report coming soon)

54 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia I 55 Attachment 1 – Drilling and Surface Geochemistry databases

The Attachment folder contains four sub folders:

1. Lockington_Surface_Geochemistry_Database 3. EL3539_Drilling_Database

This subfolder contains the following files: This subfolder contains the following files:

• Lockington_Surface_Geochemistry_Database. • EL3539_Surface_Geochemistry_Database.accdb accdb This MS Access database (version 2007 – 2010) This MS Access database (version 2007 – 2010) contains all the open-file surface geochemistry contains all the open-file surface geochemistry data compiled as part of the EL 3539 data data compiled as part of the Lockington data compilation. compilation. • EL3539_Surface_Geochemistry_Database_ • Lockington_Surface_Geochemistry_Database_ Relationships.pdf Relationships.pdf This PDF file shows the relationship mapping This PDF file shows the relationship mapping between tables for the EL 3539 Surface between tables for the Lockington Surface Geochemistry Database. Geochemistry Database. • EL3539_Surface_Geochemistry_Database_Text_ • Lockington_Surface_Geochemistry_Database_Text_ Files Files This folder contains an export of all the data tables This folder contains an export of all the data tables in the EL3539_Surface_Geochemistry_Database. in the Lockington_Surface_Geochemistry_ accdb in tab delimited txt format. Database.accdb in tab delimited txt format.

2. Lockington_Drilling_Database 3. EL3539_Surface_Geochemistry_Database This subfolder contains the following files: This subfolder contains the following files: • Lockington_Drilling_Database.accdb This MS Access database (version 2007 – 2010) • EL3539_Drilling_Database.accdb contains all the open-file drill hole data compiled as This MS Access database (version 2007 – 2010) part of the Lockington data compilation. contains all the open-file drilling data compiled as part of the EL 3539 data compilation. • Lockington_Drilling_Database_Relationships.pdf This PDF file shows the relationship mapping • EL3539_Drilling_Database_Relationships.pdf between tables for the Lockington Drilling Database. This PDF file shows the relationship mapping between tables for the EL 3539 Surface Geochemistry • Lockington_Drilling_Database_Text_Files Database. This folder contains an export of all the data tables in the Lockington_Drilling_Database.accdb in tab • EL3539_Drilling_Database_Text_Files delimited txt format. This folder contains an export of all the data tables in the EL3539_Drilling_Database.accdb in tab delimited txt format.

56 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia 56 I Compilation of digital open-file mineral exploration data, northern Bendigo Zone, Victoria, Australia