Cayuga Lake Model

2-D Hydrodynamic Model

TAC Meeting Wednesday, January 15, 2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute , Ithaca, NY

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 1 Two-Dimensional Model

ò provide transport framework for a water quality model; TMDL analysis ò CE-QUAL-W2 (W2; US Army Corps of Engineers): dynamic, laterally averaged, two dimensional (longitudinal-vertical) model ò applied successfully to 100s of waterbodies worldwide ò hydrodynamic submodel predicts water surface elevations, velocities, and temperatures ò model can simulate baroclinic seiches

segments inflow ò long-term simulations (e.g.,

climate change) layers ò not suitable for near-field or 3-D simulations

outflow

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 2 Other Applications of CE-QUAL-W2 by UFI

Finger Lakes (3): Owasco Skaneateles Otisco NYC Reservoirs (9): Ashokan Cannonsville Kensico Neversink Pepacton Rondout Schoharie West Branch New Croton Others (1): Carroll County Lake, TN

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 3 Outlet Sucker Brook Owasco Lake 19 18

Veness Brook 17 16 Dutch Hollow 15 Brook 14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

Model Segmentation 5

4 1 Km 3

drinking water intakes YSI monitoring Buoy 2

Owasco Lake Inlet Bathymetric Map From IAGT Distance from Owasco Outlet (km) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 230 220 210 200 Owasco 190 Owasco 180 170 Inlet Outlet 160 1/15/2014 (m) Elevation Upstate Freshwater Institute 4 Village of Skaneateles Drinking Water City of Skaneateles Syracuse Creek Drinking Water 25 24 Sta. int#2 Shotwell Brook Sta. int#1 23 22

21 Sta. #5 20

19 Sta. Prime 18

17

16 15 14 13 N 12 11 10 Bear Swamp 9 8

Creek 7

6 drinking water intake UFI routine sampling sites 5 4

Bathymetric Map Model Segmentation 3 2

Grout Brook

Distance from Skaneateles Outlet (km) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Skaneateles 280 260 outlet 240 220 200 Grout 180 160 Brook 1/15/2014 UpstateElevation(m) Freshwater Institute 5 20 19 Van Benthuysen Brook

18 Amber Brook 1 17 2 16 15

14

Willow 13 Brook 12 11

10 9 Rice Brook 8 7

6 N 5 4 3 2 Model Segmentation drinking water intakes RUSS monitoring Buoy Spafford Creek

Bathymetric Map

Distance from Weir (km) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 245 Otisco 240 235 230 Spafford outlet 225 220 Creek

Elevation (m) Elevation 215

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 6 Schoharie Reservoir

dam Distance from dam (m) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 350

site 1.5 340 Manor Kill

330 1 km intake

320 Elevation (m) Elevation

310 x 300 water supply site 3 intake

Bear Kill

Schoharie Creek 1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 7 Ashokan – West Basin

Esopus Creek Distance from weir (m) 27 segments (~330 m avg) 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2 180 3 47 layers (1 m) 4 5 1 branch 170 6 7 160 8 9 10

11 (m) Elevation 150 12 13 14 15 140 16 17 18 19 20 130 21 28 22 dividing weir 23 27 24 26 25

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 8 From Ashokan Reservoir From Rondout/West Branch Reservoirs EARCM

CatAlum Del10

Length (m) 2 0 2000 4000 6000 CatIC 110 3 5 From Croton Falls Reservoir 19 From Cross River Reservoir 100 4

90 Branch 1

80

Elv (m) Kensico 70 8

60 Del17 Reservoir 50 7 W2Tn Segmentation, CatUEC 3 4 Inflows, Outflows CatLEff 2 1 DEP sites Del18 CatEV Del19 1 To Hillview Reservoir/NYC 6

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 9 Rondout Reservoir

41.87

1 41.86 2 3 4 5 36 37 38 6 41.85 39 40 7 41 8 9 10 11 12 13 41.84 14 15 16 17 18 Distance from dam (km); Branch 1 41.83 19 20 21 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 22

Latitude 23 41.82 24 260 25 26 27 28 29 30 250 41.81 31 32 33 34 240 41.80 35 230 41.79

74.56 74.54 74.52 74.50 74.48 74.46 74.44 74.42 74.40 Elevation(m) 220 Longitude 210 200

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 10 Carroll County Lake, TN

Overall Grid: 27 segments; ~300 m length 32 layers; 0.5 m depth interval

Design of a multi-level release structure

Distance from dam (m)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 154 spillway el.

152

150

148

146

144 Elevation(m) 142

140

138

136 1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 11 Proposed Hydrodynamic Modeling

ò period of development of data for model simulations: 1987-2013 (27 years) – calibration: 2013 – validation: 1998-2006 – additional simulations: 1987-2013

ò model performance features and analyses – state variables: water surface elevation, velocity, temperature – stratification regime: timing (onset and turnover), and duration of stratification; thicknesses of epilimnion and hypolimnion – assessment of barotropic and baroclinic seiches supported by thermistor chain data from 2013 (Cornell University)

ò input from 3-D modeling (Cornell University), as necessary

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 12 Data Requirements

ò bathymetry (Cornell) – longitudinal-vertical grid ò meteorological data – Game Farm Road, Piling Cluster, Ithaca Airport, Syracuse Airport ò inflows – Fall Creek, , , Taughannock Creek, Salmon Creek, and LSC, IAWWTP, CHWWTP, Milliken Power Station discharges – other minor tributaries as distributed input ò outflows – downstream to , LSC and Milliken Power Station withdrawals ò water surface elevation ò inflow temperatures ò light extinction coefficients ò in-lake temperatures for model testing

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 13 Cayuga Lake: Shelf Boundary

4.7063e+6

4.7055e+6 LSC intake

8 m 4.7047e+6

303 (d) line McKinney's Point UFI site 2 4.7039e+6

4.7031e+6 LSC outfall CHWWTP

IAWWTP 4.7023e+6

4.7015e+6 3.73e+5 3.74e+5 3.75e+5 3.76e+5 3.77e+5 3.78e+5

1/15/2014 0 m 1 Upstate 2 Freshwater 3 4 Institute 5 6 7 8 m 14 Depth 4.756e+6

4.752e+6 developed for Longitudinal Grid 4.748e+6 The project

4.744e+6

4.740e+6

4.736e+6

4.732e+6 LSC

4.728e+6

4.724e+6 Y UTM Y

4.720e+6 L66 2 4.716e+6 5 sites 4.712e+6 1 2013 4 3 4.708e+6 1 2 7 4.704e+6 sites

4.700e+6 1998-2006

4.696e+6

0 m 13 27 40 53 67 80 93 107 120 133 m 4.692e+6 IL

3.5e+5 3.6e+5 3.6e+5 3.7e+5 3.7e+5 3.8e+5 3.8e+5 X UTM 1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 15 South end Distance from d/s boundary (railroad bridge; km) 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Elevation (m) Elevation 30 Longitudinal- 20 10 Vertical Grid 0 48 segments -10 132 layers -20 3720 cells

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 16 Example Calibration Data: Site 3

• depth-profiles Temperature (°C)

0 10 20 0 10 20 0 10 20 0 10 20 0 10 20 0 10 20 30 120 100 80 60 40 20 4/8/13 5/21/13 6/18/13 6/18/13 6/25/13 7/25/13 0 100

Elevation (m) 80 60 40 20 8/6/13 8/20/13 9/3/13 10/1/13 10/5/13 10/29/13 0 1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 17 Example Calibration Data: Site 2

• timeseries

30 site 2, 2 m 25

20

15

10 Temperature (°C) 5

0 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 2013 1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 18 Next Steps

• complete data files for 2013 • estimate ungaged inflows (hydrologic budget) • preliminary hydrodynamic model calibration • evaluate model grid • model performance evaluation (stratification, hydrodynamics)

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 19 Visualization of Turbidity Predictions Following a Runoff Event

Ashokan West – June 25, 2006 through July 11, 2006

Esopus Creek

1/15/2014 Upstate Freshwater Institute 20