PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF

URBANA, ILLINOIS

1951 STATE OF ILLINOIS ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION C. HOBART ENGLE, Director

DIVISION OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA

REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS-NO. 153

SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY A RESOURCES OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY, ILLINOIS

PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OR ILLINOIS

URBANA, ILLINOIS

1951

MANUSCRIPT COMPLETED JANUARY 195 1 ORGANIZATION

STATE OF ILLINOIS HON. ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. C. HOBART ENGLE. Director

BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION HON. C. HOBART ENGLE, B.EDN.,M.A., Chairman W. H. NEWHOUSE, PH.D., Geology ROGER ADAMS, PH.D., D.Sc., Chemistry LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering A. E. EMERSON, Pw.D., Biology LEWIS H. TIFFANY, PII.D., Pn.D., Forestry GEORGE D. STODDARD, PH.D., LITT.D., LL.D., L.H.D., President of the University of Illinois DELYTE W. MORRIS, PH.D., President of University

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION M. M. LEIGHTON, PH.D., Chief STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Natural Resources Building, Urbana M. M. LEIGHTON, PII.D., Chief ENID TOWNLEY,M.S., Geologirt and Assistant to the Chiej VELDAA. MILLARD,Junior Assistant to the Chief HELENE. MCMORRIS,Secretary to the Chief RESEARCH GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES GEOCHEMISTRY ARTHURBEVAN, PH.D., DSc., Principal Geologist FRANKH. REED,PII.D., Chief Chemist FRANCESH. ALSTERLUND,A.B., Research Assistanl GRACEC. JOHNSON,B.S., Research Assistant Coal Coal Chemistry G. H. CADY,PH.D., Senior Geologist and Head G. R. YOIIE, PH.D., Chemist and Head ERNESTP. DU BOIS, PH.D., Geologist JOSEPIIE. DUNBAR,B.S., Research Assistant R. J. HELFINSTINE,MS., Mechanical Engineer GEORGEM. WILSON,M.S., Geologist Pbsical Chenzistry ROBERTM. KOSANKE,M.A., Geologist RAYMONDSIEVER, PH.D., Associate Geologist J. S. MACIIIN,PII.D., Chemist and Head JOHNA. HARRISON,M.S., Assistant Geologist TIN BOOYEE, M.A., ilssirtanl Chernist JACKA. SIMON,M.S., Assistant Geologist FRANCES13. STAPLIN,M.A., Research Assistnn~ MARGARETA. PARKER,B.S., Assistant Geologist FREDERICKE. WILLIAMS,B.A., Arsistant Gealogisl Fluorine Chemistr-y KENNETHE. CLEGG,B.S., Research Assistant G. C. FINGER,PH.D., Chemist and Head ADABELLKARSTROM, MS., Research Assistani ROUERTE. OESTERLING,B.A., Research Assistant WALTERE. COOPER,Technical Assistant Chemical Engineering Oil and Gas H. W. JACKMAN,M.S.E., Chemical Engineer a,nd Read A. H. BELL,PH.D., Geologist and Head P. W. HENLINE,M.S., Chemical Enqineer DAVIDH. SWANN,PH.D., Geologist R. J. GREENWOOD,B.S., Mechanical Engineer VIRGINIAKLINE, PI-I.D., Associate Geologist JAMESC. MCCULI,OUGH,Research Associate WAYNEF. MEENTS,Assistant Geologist EARLC. NOBLE,Technical Assislant (on leave) W. W. HALLSTEIN,B.S., Research Assistant RAYMOND13. PELLUM,Technical Assistant ROBERTL. BROWNFIELD,A.B., B.S., Research Assislanl RONALDJ. HAYS,Technical Assistank KATHRYNC. IRVING,Technical Assistant A'-liny Petroleum Engineering W. F. BRADLEY,PH.D., Chemist and Read PAUL A. WITHERSPOON,B.S., Petroleum Engineer and Head Spectrochemistry FREDERICKSQUIRES, A.B., B.S., Petroleum Engineer Emeritus KENNETHB. THOMSON,PH.D., Physicist and Head PAULJ. SHANOK,B.S., Associate Petroleum Engineer R. J. PIERSOL,PH.D.. Physicist Emeritus JUANITAWITTERS, M.S., A~sistanfPhysicist Industrial Minerals .dnalytical Chemistry J. E. LAMAR,B.S., Geologist and Head 0. W. REES, PET.D.,Chemist and Head ROBERTh/l. GROGAN,PH.D., Geologist L. D. MCVICKER,B.S., Chemist DONALDL. GRAF, PH.D., Associate Geologisl HOWARDS. CLARK,A.B., Chemist JAMESC. BRADBURY,A.M., Assistant Geologisi EMILE D. PIERROY,M.S., Assidant Clzemzst RAYMONDS. SHRODE,M.S., Arsislan.t Geologist FRANCISA. COJLICAN,B.S., Re~earchAssistant CHARLEST. ALLBRIGHT,B.S., Research Assirtant Clay Resources and Clay Mineral Technology RICHARD13. ORGANIST,B.S., Research Assistant RALPHE. GRIM,PH.D., Consulting Clay Mineralogisl FRANCISSCIIEIDT, B.S., Research Assistant W. ARTHURWHITE, M.S., Associate Geologist JENNIE WILSON,B.S., Research Assistant HERBERTD. GLASS,PH.D., Associate Geologist Jo ANNEARMSTRONG, B.S., Re.rearch Assistant WILLIAMJOHNS, B.A., Special Research Assisfant EUGENELANGE, Technical Assistant GEORGER. JAMES,Technical Assistatzt Groundwater Geology and Geophysical Expl~rntion MINERAL ECONOMICS ARTHURBEVAN, PH.D., D.Sc., Acting Head M. Ww. PULLEN,Pn.D , Geologist W. H. VOSKUIL,Prr.D., Mineral Economist MERI.YNB. BUHLE,M.S., Associate Geologist W. L. BUSCII,Assistant Mineral Economist JOHNF. MANN,JR., M.S., Assistant Geologist ETHELM. KING,Research Assislant RICHARDF. FISHER,M.S., Assistant Geoloqist MARGARETT. CASTLE,Assistant Geologic Draftsman (on leave) EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION ROBERTD. KNODLE,M.S., Assistant Geologist (on leave) JOHNW. FOSTER,M.S., Assistant Gedogist GILBERT0. RAASCII,PI-1.D.. Geolofist in Charge M. VERNESTRANTZ, M.S., Research Assistant (on leave) MARGARETHAYES, B.S., Research Assistant BENNIEELLIS, Assistant LOUISUNFER, JR., B.S., Research Assistant Engineering Geology and Topographic Mapping GEORGEE. EKBLAW,PH.D., Geologist and Head CONSULTANTS Stratigraphy and Areal Geology Geology, GEORGEW. WHITE, PII.D., University of Illinois H. B. WILLMAN,PH.D., Geologist and Head RALPHE. GRIM, PH.D., University of Illinois L. E. WORKMAN,M.S., Consulting Geologist Ceramics, RALPHK. HURSH,B.S., University of Illinois J S. TEMPLETONPH.D., Geologist Mechaniral Engineering, SEICHIKONZO, M.S., Uniaersity of ELWOOD ATHERT~N,PH.D., Associate Geologist DONALDB. SAXBY,M.S., Assistant Geologist Illinois ROBERTC. MCDONALD,R.S., Research Assista.nt T. C. BUSCHBACH,B.S., Research A.sszslant Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United CHARLESC. ENGEL,Technical Asszstant States Geological Survey. JOSEPHF. HOWARD,Assistant This report is a contribution of the Coal Division. GENERAL ADMINISTRATION

Library Other Technical Services ANNEE. KOVANDA,B.S., B.L.S., Librarian LESLIE D. VAUGHAN,Research Associate, Photography RUBYD. FRISON,Technical Assistant BEULAHM. UNFER, Technical Assistant A W. GOTSTEINResearch Associate Equipment Design GLENN G. POOR: Research ~ssociate:Equipment Design Mineral Resource Records GILBERTL. TINBERG,Technical Assistant VIVIANGORDON, Head WAYNEW. NOFFTZ,In charge, Technical Supplies DOROTHYGORE, B.S., Research Assistant ROBERTM. FAIRFIELD,Technical Assistant RUTHWARDEN, B.S., Research Assistant BEVERLYSOLLIDAY, B.S., Resea~chAssistank Financial Records WANDAL. SPARR,Technical Assistant VELDAA. MILLARD,In charge SARAHHARALDSEN, Technical Assistant LEONAB. KENWARD,Clerk-Typist 111 INAC. JOHNSON,A.B., Technical Assistant DEORISCASTLE, Clerk-Typist I MARJORIEMARTIN, B.A., Technical Assistant FREDAD. SHAW,Clerk-Typist I Publications Clerical Services JANE V. OLSON,B.A., Associate Technical Editor MARYCECIL, Clerk-Stenographer III DOROTHYE. ROSE, B.S., Consulting Technical Editor MARYM. SULLIVAN,Clerk-Stenographer 111 BARBARAA. ZEIDERS,B.S., Assistant Editor ETHELM. HENWOOD,Clerk-Stenographer I1 MEREDITHM. CALKINS,Geologic Draftsman LYLANOFFTZ, Clerk-Stenographer II MARGARETWILSON, B.A., Assistant Geologic Drafksman ELEANORM. WHITE, Clerk-Stenographer II RETAWATSON, Clerk-Stenographer I HAZELV. ORR,Clerk-Stenographer I Technical Records SHIRLEYW. RICE, Clerk-Stenographer I BERENICEREED, Supervisory Technical Assistant MARYJ. DE HAAN,Messenger-Clerk I MARILYNSWARTSWALTER, Technical Assistant Automoticre Service General ScientiJc Information GLENNG. POOR,In charge ROBERT0. ELLIS,Automotive Mechanic DONNAM. BUILTE,Research Assistant EVERETTEEDWARDS, SR., Automotive Mechanic

May 11, 1951 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ...... 7 Key beds ...... 8 New Haven limestone ...... 11 West Franklin limes tone ...... 12 "No . 7" coal ...... 12 Herrin (hTo. 6) coal bed ...... 13 Harrisburg (No. 5) coal bed ...... 14 "No.4"coalbed ...... 14 Coal beds between "No . 4" and "No . 2" ...... 15 "No.2"coalbed ...... 15 Palzo sandstone ...... 15 Stonefortlimestone ...... 15 Mississippi datum beds ...... 16 Structure ...... 16 Coalresources ...... 20 Caseyville and Tradewater proved coal resources ...... 21 Coal beds of the Carbondale group ...... 23 Coal beds oftheMcLeansborogroup ...... 28 Rank of coal ...... 29

TABLES

TABLE PAGE I . Coal resources of White County ...... 22 2 . Dataoncoal beds ...... 24 3 . Three profiles of No . 6 coal beds from Norris City mine ...... 28 4 . Analysis of No. 6 coal from Norris City mine ...... 30

APPENDIX

PAGE Explanation of abbreviations ...... 33 Tabulateddata ...... 34

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE PAGE 1. Outline of Illinois structural basin and White County ...... 7 2 . Distribution of diamond-drill and control rotary drill holes in White County and surrounding counties, and the mine at Norris City ...... 8 3 . Oil pools in White County ...... 9 FIGURE PAGE 4. Key beds in McLeansboro, Carbondale, and upper part of Tradewater group, based on diamond drilling in White and northern Gallatin counties...... 10 5. Resistivity pattern of key beds. Jarvis Bros. and Marcell-I,. C. Cleveland 1, sec. 1, T. 5 S., R.10 E. .. .:...... 11 6. North-south cross section (A-A'), west side of White County, showing relative position of the tops of six Pennsylvanian key beds and the Barlow limestone; also the base of the Lower Kinkaid and massive bed of the Glen Dean limestone member of the Chester group...... 13 7. Distribution of thickness of the interval between No. 5 and No. 6 coal beds...... 14 8. East-west cross section (B-B') near south line of White County, showing relative position of tops of seven Pennsylvanian key beds and Barlow limestone; also bottom of Lower Kinkaid and the massive bed of Glen Dean limestone member of the Chester group...... 16 9. Cross section (C-C') running northwest across the northeastern part of White County. .... 17 10. Section across Herald-Phillipstown fault showing interpretation based on faulting of strata in five electric logs...... 18 11. Graphic diagram of electric logs of two adjacent drill holes, one of which crosses a fault with the loss of three coal beds...... 19 12. Graphic representation of beds associated with coal beds having a thickness of 28 inches or more in the Tradewater and Caseyville groups...... 20 13. Thickness of No. 5 coal bed, position of faults, and location of closely d:illed areas...... 21 14. Fault lines, variation in thickness of No. 6 coal bed, areas where control wells did not encounter this coal bed, and position and extent of the mined-out area at Norris City...... 23 15. Coal resources in White County in No. 5 and No. 6 coal beds undifferentiated as to probable and inferred resources; also positions of faults, areas where No. 6 coal bed is absent, areas where the depth of No. 6 and the depth of No. 5 or both coal beds exceeds 1000 feet, and areas where close spacing of rotary drill holes will render mining especia!ly hazardous. .... 29

PLATE 1. Structure of top of West Franklin limestone in White County...... In pocket 2. Graphic logs of New Haven drill core and of 19 control wells in White County...... In pocket 3. Structure of top of Herrin (No. 6) coal bed in White County...... In pocket SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY AND COAL RESOURCES OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY, ILLINOIS

BY

JOHN A. HARRISON

INTRODUCTION

HITE COUNTY, with an area of 507 square miles, lies in the southeastern part of Illinois within the Illinois basin, but south of its deepest part (fig. 1). Before 1938, data on which to base Penn- sylvanian subsurface structure came from only five diamond-drill holes in the south- ernmost tier of townships, one diamond- drill hole in T. 3 S., R. 14 W., and a coal mine at Norris City. Records of six churn-drill oil test holes in the county were unreliable as sources of information about the occurrence of coal beds. Since that date additional information for 19 rotary test holes, fairly evenly spaced throughout the county, have been obtained by members of the Illinois Geological Survey (fig. 2). The wells were carefully logged, drill cut- tings were collected and studied, and the interpretation was aided by use of electric logs. In addition about 3000 electric logs have been examined and the position of coal beds in these holes determined upon the basis of information supplied by records of nearby diamond-drill holes, by records of the so-called "control" test holes (logged in detail by members of the Survey staff), and by the record of the depth of the No. 6 coal bed in the mine shaft at Norris City. It was not possible to plot all the closely FIG. 1.-Outline of Illinois structural basin and M7hite County. drilled test holes for which electric logs were available. Therefore only about one- studies of Hei-rin (No. 6) and other coal third of the total number have been shown beds mainly in the Illinois basin. Data for (pl. 1 and fig. 3). Only those thicknesses this and other county reports have been are recorded in the tabulation or used in compiled for several years by members of calculating coal resources which were re- the Survey. ported in logs of core-drill holes or recorded Tabulated data accompanying this re- in logging the 19 control wells, because port appear in an abbreviated form showing thickness cannot be determined satisfac- location, county numbers, type of hole, sur- torily from electric logs. face altitude and how determined, and the This report on White County is one of altitude of the beds above 01- below sea level. a. series of county reports on subsurface A plus sign by the county number refers to PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

WAYNE CO. EDWARDS CO.

HAMILTON CO.

KEY SALINE CO. @ Diamond Drill Holes Survey Control Holes Norris City Coal Company :ibution of diamond-drill and control rotary-drill holes in White County and surrounding counties, and the mine at Norris City. (See also figures 7 and 14.) table 2 which gives detailed geological in- in White County, it \lTas desirable to use for formation where available. Complete tabu- reference as many Pennsylvanian strata or lation, similar to those accompanying pre- groups of strata as can be satisfactorily vious reports of this series, is available at identified and also a few of the upper Mis- a slight charge for printing. sissippian formations, because the latter aid This report has been prepared under the in determining the position and amount of supervision of G. H. Cady, Head of the faulting. The sources of information main- Coal Division of the State Geological Sur- ly relied upon for the subsurface geologic vey. The author is indebted for advice and succession were records of diamond and suggestions in this study to his colleagues rotary drill holes. on the Survey staff. A diamond-drill hole located near New KEY BEDS Haven in sec. IS, T. 7 S., R. 10 E., pene- In the interpretation of the stratigraphy trated 1,757 feet of Pennsylvanian beds and and structure of the Pennsylvanian strata 476 feet of Mississippian strata. to a depth KEY BEDS

Keensburg consol.

M/NK IS6 AND FAULT Mew Harmony S. (I NO.)

-----

XHER LAKE FAULT

Herald Herald E. Fault showlng downthrow bandoned oil pool -.- FIG. 3-Oil pools in White County. of 2,232 feet (pl. 2). The core was de- time was recorded by members of the Survey scribed in detail by geologists of the Sur- staff, but the drilling was usually too fast vey and reproduced graphically in an earlier to permit fine lithologic discrimination, so report.' The greatest thickness of the Mc- that only a few of the most distinctive beds Leansboro group penetrated in any of the are recognizable in electric logs. These pro- five diamond-drill holes was in sec. 5, T. 7 vide useful key or reference beds in the S., R. 9 E. (County No. 5), where 780 construction of structure and isopach (thick- feet of McLeansboro strata were found ness) maps. above No. 6 coal bed, 237 feet of these Ten such Pennsylvanian key beds have strata lying above the New Haven (Shoal been selected (fig. 4) : 1 ) New Haven lime- Creek) limestone. stone; 2) West Franklin limestone; 3) It is possible to identify a fairly large "No. 7" coal bed; 4) Herrin (No. 6) coal number of distinctive beds in the logs of the bed; 5) Harrisburg (No. 5) coal bed; 6) diamond-drill holes, although these are only "No. 4" coal bed; 7.) "No. 2A" coal bed; driller's logs, but for most of the county 8) "No. 2" coal bed; 9) Palzo sandstone; dependence must be placed upoa rotary and 10) Stonefort limestone. These are not drill holes. Some of these rotary holes were equally useful as key beds for not all could carefully logged from cuttings, and drilling be used effectively to prepare structure maps. However, key beds commonly help to reveal I Cady, Gilbert I-I., Coal resources of District V: Illinois Geol. Survey Coop. Mining Series Bull. 19, PI. 2, 1919. location and amount of fault movement. 10 PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

BOYD AND SON TAYLOR - BOYD AND SON BOYD BOYD - Sec. 5, T7S., R 9E (New Haven Core) Sec 22,T6S, R8E Elev. 416.5 Sec I8,T7S ,R.IOE Elev 462 Whtte Co No 5 Elev 347.1 Whlte Co No 14 White Co No NORRIS CITY COAL CO BOYD AN0 SON TAYLOR CO F K TAYLOR - A R BOYD Mlne Shaft Sec.9,T7S,R8E Sec 32,T7S.,RBE Sec 31,T7S,R9E. Sec 21 T6S. R8E Elev. 376.7 Elev. 357 8 Elev. 368 45 E lev White Co. No 7 Gollotin Co No 6 L,mestooeGallot~nCo No I Whlt 150

50 PULLAM :a01 Sec 28, T6S R.8E Elev. 414 :on1 White Co. No. 12 100 5C New Haven Limestone 150 IOC

200 15C

250 20C myCool

330 2%

350 30( :a01 - .----- 400 3% / shale, gray hestone 4% 40(

50C 4 5(

5 55C 50( Coal

10 60( 5% mest stone ;hole. block -linestone 15 ool thtckness oal thlcknes: unknown 65 unknown 50,

2( 70( 55 :001 v

3C

INDEX TO LOCATION of ------DRILL HOLES and MINE 3: KEY Coal COO1 Shole Shole,groy wock------Slltstone NO 2 COOI

Palzo Sandstone Black shale -----...- Dekoven Cool Shole.groY Undercloy COO1 Shole, black------~oviscoal @ Ltmestone

0 Sondutone Stonefort Llmertonc 1000tia"+ Cool

see Plate II

FIG.4.-Key beds in McLeansboro, Carbondale, and upper part of Tradewater group, based on diamond drilling in White and northern Gallatin counties. KEY BEDS

The three Mississippian formations used SELF-POTENTIAL as key or reference beds in the interpreta- tion of structure are: 1) Lower Kinkaid limestone; 2) massive Glen Dean lime- stone; and 3) Barlow limestone. The possibility of correlating the strati- graphic or lithologic units with the pattern o,f potential and resistivity curves of elec- tric logs is illustrated by comparison of a graphic log based on drill cuttings with the pattern of the electric log of a control well (fig. 5). The ten Pennsylvanian key beds as ob- served in cores and cuttings and their char- acteristic patterns in electric logs (pl. 2) are described below, including discussion of their relative usefulness as datum planes for delineation of structure.

I

The New Haven limestone, the upper- most key member of the McLeansboro group, was named by A. H. TVorthen2 from exposures at New Haven in the extrernc northeastern portion of Gallatin Count~7 where it is 4 feet thick. It is believed b) Wanless3 to be the equivalent of the Shoal Creek limestone. In drill holes in White County, the New Maven limestone ranges in depth from 144- to 694 feet, lies 370 to 480 feet above Her- rin (No. 6) coal, and has an average thick- ness of 6 feet. Cuttings of this limestone are white to buff, finely crystalline, and sparsely fossiliferous. It is commonly under- lain by a black shale; coal is rarely fount1 beneath the shale. The New Haven limestone is recorded in 58 percent of the drill records examined. This percentage figure does not agree with the apparent general persistence of this lime- stone, in spite of the far that it is believed to be cut out here and there by sandstone. The reason may be that the New Haven limestone has probably been used as the solid footing for casing in many wells, hence it is not recorded in the electric logs. This is especially true in the southern portion of

Worthen, A. H., Geological Survey of Illinois, Vol. VI, p. 67, 875. FIG. 5.-Resistivity pattern of key beds. Jarvis 3 Wanless, H. R., Pennsylvanian correlation in the East- ern Interior and Appalachian coal fields: Geological Bros. and Marcell-I,. C. Cleveland 1, Society of America, Special Paper No. 17, p. 13, 1939. Sec.l,T.5S.,R.lOE. 12 PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY the county where the depth of the limestone vails except in T. 3 S., R. 8 E. in the is moderate. The New Haven limestone is northern part of the county where the in- probably more persistent throughout the terval is 150 to 200 feet. Resistivity pat- county than is indicated by the percentage terns on the electric logs at this locality of holes in which its presence is reported. are characterized by proportionate diminu- tions of the various units recognized where the interval is more normal. Studies of cuttings, however, show that the unit cor- The West Franklin limestone was named dated as West Franklin limestone is a ~JJJ. Collett4 from an exposure along the very calcareous sandstone, hence the cor- bluff of the near the town of relation is somewhat in doubt. West Franklin in Posep County, Indiana. The West Franklin limestone, like the The limestone in White County here desig- New Haven limestone, produces a char- nated the West Franklin is so called on the acteristic and relatively conspicuous resis- basis of its general position and lithologj- tivity pattern in the electric log (fig. 5) and because it has been similarly correlated compared with the pattern for 100 feet in earlier reports of this ~eries.~ above and below. It is generally present One, two, or three benches of limestone and so provides a suitable bed to use for may be present at this position, and between delineation of structure. two of them a thin coal bed or black shale is found in some wells. Near West Frank- "No. 7" COAL lin, Indiana, and in the control well in sec. 21, T. 4 S., R. 14 W., a coal bed is present; A thin persistent coal bed lies from 150 in the diamond-drill core in sec. 18, T. 7 to 200 feet below the West Franklin lime- S., R. 10 E., near New Haven and in an- stone (except in T. 3 S., R. 8 E., where the other control well in White County black interval is 80 to 120 feet) and from 70 to shale was found. 80 feet above the No. 6 coal. This coal bed When only one or two benches of the is shown in 96 percent of the drill records limestone are present, it is commonly im- studied. Its average thickness as determined possible to determine which bench is repre- in 18 control wells is 2 feet 4 inches. It is sented. The variegated shale found between generally the first coal bed above the Hes- the two lower benches at West Franklin rin (No. 6) coal bed in the control drill may or may not be restricted to this posi- holes studied; however, in two of the con- tion, hence it is not a convincing criterion trol tests, sec. 13, T. 4 s., R. 8 E., and unless there is supporting evidence. sec. 28, T. 6 S., R. 10 E., two coal beds are present at this general position, the The West Franklin limestone with an upper being regarded as "No. 7." The average thickness of 12 feet has been identi- coal bed called "No. 7" in this and com- fied in 95 percent of the records studied. panion reports, is tentatively and somewhat The subsurface contour map of the West uncertainly correlated with the Danville Franklin limestone shows this distribution (No. 7) bed. On the basis of its relative (pl. 2). The interval between the New position, the "No. 7" coal bed may equally Haven and the West Franklin limestones well be the equivalent of the Cutler6 coal ranges from 150 to 200 feet, and the in- - bed of southern Illinois, the exact position terval between the West Franklin limestone of which with reference to Danville (No. and the No. 6 coal generally ranges from 220 to 280 feet. This large interval be- 7) coal bed is also uncertain. In drill cut- tings, the "No. 7" coal is bright, flaky, and tween West Franklin and No. 6 coal pre- pyritic. The bed is overlain by black shale 4 Collett, J., Indiana Department of Geology and Natural History 13th Annual Report, pp. 61-62. 1884. and underlain by an underclay. 5 Pullen $. William Jr., Structure, key beds, and coal resokrces of Penisylvanian strata of Gallatin County 6 Bell, Alfred H., Ball, Clayton, and McCabe, Louis, Geol- north of the Shawneetown Fault, with brief considera- ogy of the Pincknepville and Jarnestown areas, Perry tion of application of data on further oil and gas County, Illinois: Illinois Geol. Survey. Tllinois Petro- exploration: Illinois Geol. Survey. Unpub. ms. leum 19, p. 3, 1931. KEY BEDS

FIG. 6.-North-south cross section (A-A'), west side of White County, showing relative position of the top of six Pennsylvanian key beds and the Barlow limestone; also the base of the Lower Kinlraid and massive bed of the Glen Dean limestone member of the Chester group. (See plate 3 for location of wells.)

The resistivity peak at "No. 7" coal in the electric log is moderately prominent below The Herrin (No. 6) coal bed ranges in a faisly long shale pattern of little relief, position fi-om 52 feet below sea level in the rarelj~exceeding 30 ohm-meters. In com- southern portion of the county to 606 feet parison the resistivity peak for limestones below sea level in the northern portion of generally exceeds 100 ohm-meters. A re- the county. This is not the extreme range in verse or negative peak of the third curve the county (pl. 3), such as results from frequently accompanies the normal peak of faulting; irregularities produced by either the "No. 7" coal bed. That is, the normal normal or reverse faulting distort the pic- resistivity curve shows a higher resistivity ture of regional northward deepening of the and the third curve a lower resistivity than coal basin toward the trough of the Illi- the adjacent shales. This negative peak nois basin. This structural trend is shared generally occurs when the thickness of the by all Pennsylvanian beds as they are essen- coal bed is equal to or less than that of the tially parallel (fig. 6). No. 6 coal bed is electrode spacing. locally cut out by a sandstone. A thin coal bed found between "No. 7" The pattern produced in electric logs and No. 6 coals in the two control test by strata near and at the position of the holes mentioned above, may be the equiva- No. 6 coal bed characteristically consists lent of the Jarnestown7 coal bed of southern of one or two distinct peakss (fig. 5). The

Illinois. 8 Taylor, E. F Pullen, M. W., Jr., Sims, P. I<. and Payne, J. N'.', Methods of subsurface study of the kenn- 7 Op. cit., Geology of the Pinckncpville and Janlestown sylvanian strata encou~ltered in rotary-drill holes: Illi- areas. nois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 93, p. 18, 1944. FIG.7.-Distribution of thickness of the interval between No. 5 and No. 6 coal beds. upper peak is believed generally to repre- because there was no Pennsylvanian erosion sent the limestone caprock and the lower of the bed (fig. 7). It has an average thick- one the coal bed. Where the limestone and ness of 3.6 feet, so far as can be estimated coal bed are in close contact, both beds may from the logs of six diamond-drill holes be recorded by a single peak. The effect of and 19 control wells. the underclay or the cavity caused by the The No. 5 coal bed is overlain by black undercutting of the underclay is uncertain. shale and lies upon underclay. Only a few The erratic pattern of the electric logs at the drill holes record a caprock, the St. David position of coal beds makes them practically limestone, overlying the black shale. In useless for determining the thickness of this electric logs (fig. 5) the resistivity peak is or an37 other coal bed. not strong, but it is readily recognizable at an appropriate interval below the Herrin coal and above "No. 4" coal bed. The Harrisburg (No. 5) coal bed lies from 60 to 120 feet below No. 6 coal bed "No. 4" COALBED and seems to be present everywhere. It is The "No. 4" coal bed lies from 80 to 105 more widespread than No. 6 coal, mainly feet below the No. 5 coal. Control wells KEY BEDS indicate some variability in associated beds. "NO. 2" COALBED Black shale is persistent in the coal zone A prominent and persistent reverse peak with the coal bed generally present in the in the normal resistivity curve of the elec- lower part. A thin limestone is locally pres- tric log commonly marks the position of a ent at or near the top of the black shale. In coal bed lying 60 to 80 feet below "No. 4" some control wells the coal appears to be coal bed, 160 to 185 feet below No. 5 coal absent, only limestone and black shale mark- bed. This reverse peak may be an effect ing the zone. A thickness of 1 foot 10 produced at the position of the underclay inches is given for this coal in the New rather than by the coal bed, because coal Haven core record. as a rule is marked by high resistivity on The electric log pattern is generally char- the electric logs. Diamond-drill records and acterized by two relatively weak, but close- the logs of control wells reveal the presence ly spaced, resistivity peaks whose cause is of a coal bed which is tentatively called undetermined. The position of this double "No. 2." peak in the electric logs is a useful struc- A coal bed found in drill holes in Frank- ture datum because it can be identified in lin County at what seems to be an approxi- percent of the available electric logs in 98 mately similar position giving a similar the county. pattern in electric logs has been correlated COALBEDS BETWEEN '(NO. 4" by the use of spores%ith the La Salle (No. AND "NO. 2" 2) coal bed of . It may "No. 2A" coal bed. In two diamond- eventually be possible, by using spores ob- drill records in sec. 32, T. 7 s., R. 8 E. in tained from drill cuttings from beds in Gallatin County and in sec. 18, T. 7 S., White County, to establish more definitely R. 10 E. in White County, two thin coal the stratigraphic position of the "No. 2" beds, each ranging from 4 to 8 inches thick coal bed and its relation to the La Salle and both called the "No. 2A" bed, are re- (No. 2) and Indiana IIIA coal beds. Re- ported between the "No. 4" and the "No. gardless of the uncertain correlation, this re- 2" coal bed. The interval between the "No. verse peak is found in 94 percent of the 4" coal bed and the upper bed is 15 feet electric logs of White County wells and can and 20 feet respectively in the two holes; be used as a key marker. between the upper and lower bench the in- terval is 8 and 16 feet; and between the lower bench and "No. 2" coal bed it is 45 The Palm sandstone where present is the and 50 feet. In the first log a dark gray basal member of the Carbondale group. The argillaceous sandstone, and in the other a New Haven records, for example, show a dark gray shale, is reported above the upper sandstone below the "No. 2" coal in the bench; a dark gray shale is reported above position of the Palzo sandstone. Defi- the lower bench in both records. In the nite identification of the Palzo sandstone control tests and electric logs of the wells throughout the county is impossible at pres- only one coal bed could be discerned. ent because the electric log exhibits no char- The position of one or the other, or both acteristic pattern at the position of the coal beds, is only indistinctly indicated in sandstone; therefore, it is not a satisfartorJ- about 70 percent of the electric log records key bed. in White County. However the "No. 2A" coal is always a poor key zone because it has The lower Pennsylvanian Stonefo,rt lime- a vague pattern in the electric log, it is stone in the Tradewater group, lying uncertain whether or not there are two between 290 and 360 feet below No. 5 benches, the interval between the two coal bed, may not be widespread, for it benches is variable, and the coal is appar- ently absent in about percent of the 9 Kosanke R. M., Pennsylvanian spores of Illinois and 30 their use in colrelation : Jllinois Gcol. Survey Brill. electric logs. 71, p. 70, 1950. 16 YENNSYLVAA71AN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

Elevation 0 In feet 1140

\

Sand stone + Borlow limestone FIG. 8.-East-west cross section (B-B') near south line of White County, showing relative posi- tion of top of seven Pennsylvanian key beds and Barlow limestone; also bottom of Lower Kinkaid and the massive bed of Glen Dean limestone member of the Chester group. (See plate 3 for location of wells.) can be identified in only 57 percent of the conspicuous northeast-southwest trending drill records in the county. Drill cuttings faults. The major faults, the Ridgeway, from this limestone are light brown, crystal- the Herald-Phillipstosvn, and the Maunie, line, and fossiliferous. The limestone in cross the county, whereas two other faults, many places is associated with a thin coal the Pitcher Lake fault and the Mink Island bed. Its position is not marked by a char- fault, cross only the easternmost townships. acteristic pattern in the electric log, hence The cross sections (figs. 8 and 9) show it is not a good key bed. graphically the structural relationships pro- duced by this faulting. The Herald-Phil- MISSISSIPPIANDATUM BEDS lipstown fault and the Maunie fault bound Three Mississippian limestones were used an intervening graben, which appears on in determining the fault pattern: the Lower both cross sections. The Maunie fault and Kinkaid, the massive Glen Dean, and the the Pitcher Lake fault bound a horst, but Barlow. All three are generally present and the Pitcher Lake fault and the Mink Island their positions on the electric logs are char- fault bound another graben. acteristically indicated. The faults are in general single normal gravity faults. However, repeated faulting STRUCTURE exists along the fault zone in sec. 31, T. 3 The structure of the Pennsylvanian sys- S., R. 14 T/V: (fig. lo), where the wells tem in White County is characterized cross at least two faults. The western fault by a prevailing northwestward dip and by has a throw of 175 feet and the eastern Elevation C in feet

400

20 0

0

- 200

- 400

- 600

-800

- 1000

- 1200

-140C

- 1600

- 1800

- 200C

- 220C

-2400

- 2600

-2800 FIG. 9.-Cross section (C-C') running northwest across the northeastern part of White County. (See plate 3 for location of wells.) fault has a throw of 40 feet, and the two 27, T. 3 S., R. 10 E., along the Ridge- appear to be parallel normal faults. Similar way fault, to 444 feet in sec. 31, T. 4 s., K. parallel faulting is also indicated in sec. 18, 11 E., along the Herald-Phillipstown fault. T. 6 S., R. 9 E., where wells cross more The local fault pattern can usually be than one fault with different amounts of worked out by analysis of the stratigraphy. displacement. The well on the left side in figure 11 shows The strike for all faults is generally nortll- the standard succession but in the well on east-southwest; however, local variations the right side, which crossed the Herald- occur, as in sections 19 and 30 in T. 4 S., Phillipstou~nfault, coal beds are missing be- R. 14 W. In sec. 31, T. 3 S., R. 14- W., cause they were lost by faulting. The throw the Herald-Phillipstown fault strikes N. at this point is 230 feet. Records of other 23' E. and dips 82O SE. as determined pairs of test holes in the fault zone would from a simple three-point analysis. The dip reveal similar relationships. may not be uniform along the faults, but The throw of the faults is the same in all faults are at a high angle. The thron- both the Pennsylvanian and the Missis- along the faults ranges from 32 feet in sec. sippian systems, as far as can be determined. PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN TVHITE COUNTY

Elevation in feet I2

itonefort Is.

Fault not crossed by well No 1290 FIG. 10.-Section across Herald-Phillipstown fault showing interpretation based on faulting of strata in five electric logs. STRUCTURE

KINGWOOD OIL COMPANY M. CUMMINGS OIL CO. a M.HALL NO. I CENTRAL PIPE LINE COMPANY HERALD FIELD TH.POOLE N0.I SE-SE- NW HERALD POOL SEC.Z5,TGS, R9E NW-SW-NE €LEV. 410' SEC.25, TGS.R?E % ELEV. 400

FAULTED OUT

FIG.11.-Graphic diagram of electric logs of two adjacent drill holes, one of which crosses a fault with the loss of three coal beds. 20 YELVNSYLYANIAN SYSTEM IAT WHITE CO TJNTY

Few wells have penetrated the Barlow lime- The coal resources of White County were stone on the downthrow side of the faults in estimated on the following basis: proved the Mississippian system, but where this resources consist of coal beds where min- has happened, the off-set is as great as in the ing and diamond drilling has established Pennsylvanian system. the presence and thickness of the coal bed. The beds are approximately parallel and The proved coal (Class IA) extends half except in the fault blocks they show the gen- a mile from the drill hole or mine. Prob- eral regional northwestward dip (fig. 6). able resources (Class IB) surround or lie The effect of the uplift of the Omaha adjacent to proved areas, extending not dome in Gallatin County extends north- more than one mile from the mine or drill ward into White County as far as T. 7 S., hole. Strongly indicated coal resources R. S E. Another structural high is located (Class IIA) are found in areas where Sur- in the Mill Shoals area in T. 3 S., R. 8 E. vey control wells establish the presence and probable thickness of the coal beds extending COAL RESOURCES not more than four miles from mine or drill In estimating coal resources, the U. S. hole. Special conditions indicating lenticular Geological Survey many years ago set a or irregular distribution of a coal bed may depth of 3,000 feet as the limit of minable considerably decrease the estimated area of coal.'' However, legal requirements for indicated coal resources. Weakly indicated plugging oil test holes in Illinois have in coal resources (Class IIB) are determined effect reduced this depth to 1,000 feet, at on the basis of data supplied by electric logs least wherever drilling is closely spaced. of rotary drill holes, weakly substantiated The Oil and Gas Division of the Depart- diamond-drill hole evidence and geological ment of Mines and Minerals has ruled that probability. The extent of the mined-out coal beds 30 inches or more thick must be area at Norris City was obtained from a protected to a depth of 1,000 feet. mine map of Norris City Coal Corporation Only one mine in the state, that at As- operation on file in the Department of sumption, has worked coal at or slightly be- Mines and Minerals at Springfield, Illinois. low 1,000 feet. In the Illinois basin, how- In calculating tonnage from a map, plani- ever, most of the coal resources lie below this meter measurement of the area in square depth, and hazards of mining in areas pene- inches was converted to square miles by trated by numerous unplugged holes may ~nultiplicationby the factor 0.972, the scale well be the main factor in indefinitely de- of the map being slightly greater than 1 laying development of the coal resources of mile to the inch (U. S. Geol. Survey stand- such areas. A minimum thickness of 28 Feet Shale, gray Sandstone, f~ne inches for minable coal has been established 900 -.-...... in the plan for estimating coal reserves by ...... Sandstone, fine, banded the National Bituminous Coal Advisory Shale, dork gray, gritty Dekoven coal (3'4") Council to the Secretary of the Interior. Sandstone, sholy, dork, fine grained Coal beds of this thickness are mined on a commercial scale at some places in the Sandstone, gray, micaceaus , but operations in Illinois, Battery Rock sandstone Sondstone, dark, fine except for a few local mines, are in thicker w~thlight bands; shaly near bottom beds. The commercial possibilities of the coals Shale, dark gray, sandy in White County are determined by the ,.Doltery Rock (?) Coal (3') quantity of coal in the different beds as Shale, black, coal parting3 Sandstone, fine light ~nd based on their thickness, extent, physical dcrk bonds character and quality of the coal, and on roof and floor conditions. FIG.12.-Graphic representation of beds associ- ated with coal beds having a thickness JO Cady, Gilbe~tI-I., Coal resources of District V Ill' nois Geol. Sun-ey Coop. Mining Scries Bull. 19,'p. ;: of 28 inches or more in the Trade- 1919. water and Caseyviile groups. COAL RESOURCES

ard scale 1 :62,500). Resources were cal- ping coal beds below Herrin (No. 6) coal culated on the basis of 1,800 tons per acre bed in White County. Only one of the six foot or 1,152,000 tons per square mile foot diamond-drill holes in the county complete- (table 1). ly penetrated the Tradewater group. Three The initial total coal resources in the of the records are skeleton logs and three county of all four classes and subclasses are are complete logs. The record of the New estimated to have been 9,243,713,344- tons Haven core shows three coal beds 28 inches of which 32,486,393 tons are regarded as or more thick in the Caseyville and Trade- proved and lying less than 1,000 feet in water groups. The lowest coal lies 35 feet depth. To date 3,493,647 tons have been below the Battery Rock sandstone at a depth mined or rendered unrecoverable by mining of 1,667 feet. The other two coals are and 1,698,251,476 tons are in areas of near the top of the Tradewater group. The closely drilled oil test holes. lower or Davis coal is 3 feet thick and the upper or Dekoven coal is 3 feet 4 inches thick. The beds are separated by an interval of 26 feet. The Dekoven coal is described Little information is available for map- as pyritic and bony. Figure 12 shows graph- PENNSYLYANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUhTTY

Cut out Mined out and Oil pools or other lost by mining closely Classes I and JI drilled areas .- .--- ;q. Mi ;q. Mi. Tons Sq. Mi. Tons Sq.Mi. Tons - Coal No. 6 I A...... 0.66 "3,493,647 2,966,400 IB ...... None 6,998,400 HA...... None 48ll795,2OO IIB...... None 7,430,400 No. 5 I A...... None 2,249,027 IB ...... None 4,346,414 I IA ...... None 425,389,743 IIB...... None 5,071,668 "No. 7" I A...... None 1,510,272 IB...... None 1,960,704 IIA...... None 239,189,760 IIB ...... None 47,692,800 Dekoven 1A...... None 2,166,912 0.21 798,336 I B ...... None 2,813,184 1.48 5,626,368 IIA...... None ""None ""None IIB...... None 231,071,616 416.79 1,104,326,784 Davis I A...... None 1 ,969,920 I B ...... None 2,557,440 IIA...... None ""None IIB...... None 231,071,616

Total......

Summary: Total cut out: 12.95 sq. mi. Tons Tons Mined out and lost by mining...... 3,493,647 Oil pools or other closely drilled areas...... 1,698,251,476 Available I and I1 Total Class IA...... 34,287,778 IB...... 103,240,089 IIA...... 4,274,362,661 IIB...... 3,133,571,340 7,545,461,868 7,545,461,868 ---- Total coal present...... 9,243,713,344

* 1,681,741 tons = total production from this mine as obtained from Coal Reports. The figure in the column includes all coal oripinally in the area of the mine. (Recovery factor = 48%.) ** Dekoven and Davis coals are considered as IIB because of their depth, except in vicinity of diamond-drill holes. COAL RESOURCES

FIG.14.-Fault lines, variation in thickness of No. 6 coal bed, areas where control wells did not encounter this coal bed, and position and extent of the mined-out area at Norris City. ically the nature of the strata associated COALBEDS OF THE CARBONDALEGROUP with these coal beds as found in the New The two important coal beds of White Haven drill hole. County as well as of the state are found Little is known about roof or floor con- in the Carbondale group, that is, Harris- ditions except at the Norris City mine. burg (No. 5) and Herrin (No. 6) coal The beds above and below the coal beds beds, but coal has been produced in White are described in table 2. The bases for County from only the Herrin (No. 6) bed. these descriptions are diamond drilling, Nor- Coal beds "No. 2" and "No. 4" have not ris City mine, and Survey control wells. been mined and are unimportant in southern Distinction between these is made in the Illinois. table. These beds have been mined at one The limited amount of information as to locality near Harrisburg in Saline County the character, thickness, and roof and floor and more widely near Stonefort in William- conditions of coal beds "No. 2" and "No. son and Saline counties. 4" does not justify any estimate of their rr~~~~2.-DATA ON COALBEDS FROM CONTROLWELL RECORDSAND I_)IAMOND-DRILI,RECORIIS -- ---

Surface elevation Coal Depth Elevation Thickness above coal bed in feet (from (instru- No. to top control well records) Coal bed Relow coal bed (thickness in ft.) mental) coal top feet coal bed bed in in feet feet ft. in.

"7" Gray shale 92...... Underclay 1 ; siltstone 27 6 Limestone 7; black shale 1...... Underclay 3; gray shale 3 5 Gray shale 13; black shale 1...... Underclay 1; limestone 2

"7" Gray shale 16...... Underclay 1; siltstone 4 6 Gray shale 6; black shale 2...... Underclay 3; sand and shale 9 5 Gray shale 12; black shale 2...... Underclay 2,; sandstone 29 "4" Sandstone 23; black shale 1...... Sandstone 23 "2" Gray shale 11; black shale 1...... Gray shale 6; sandstone 22 Dk Gray shale 5; black shale 2...... Underclay 1; sandy shale 8 Dav. Sandstone 28; black shale 1...... Sandstone 34 "7" Gray shale 16; black shale 1...... Underclay 2; gray shale 3; sandstone 16 6 Siltstone 18; black shale 1...... Underclay 1; sandstone 8 "7" Siltstone 14; black shale 8...... Underclay 1; gray shale 16 5 Limestone 4; black shale 2...... Underclay 1; siltstone 28 "7" Gray shale 22; black shale 1...... Underclay 1; gray shale 18 6 Limestone 7; black shale 1...... Underclay 1; sandstone 20 5 Gray shale 6; black shale 1...... Gray shale 4; sandstone 23 "7" Gray shale 44; black shale 3...... Gray shale 2; shale and coal 6 6 Limestone 5 black shale 1...... Underclay 2; gray shale 6 "7" Gray shale 3; black shale 1...... Gray shale 3; sandstone 31 6 Gray shale 6; limestone 4...... Underclay 2; gray shale 3 5 Limestone 1; gray shale 6...... Underclay 1; gray shale 14

"7" Gray shale 9; black shale 2...... Underclay 1; gray shale 6 6 Limestone 5; gray shale 2; black shale 2. Underclay 3; shale and siltstone 14 5 Gray shale 33; black shale 2...... Underclay 2; sandstone 12 "4" Gray shale 64; black shale 1...... Underclay 1; gray shale 4 Dk. Siltstone 32; black shale 1...... Underclay 1; siltstone 30 Dav. Siltstone 30; black shale 1...... Underclay 1; gray shale 8 "7" Gray shale 86 ...... Underclay 1; gray shale 6 6 Limestone 2; gray shale 2; black shale 2 . Underclay 1; sandstone 4; limestone 6 5 Gray shale 4; limestone 1; black shale 2 . Underclay 1; gray shale 64 "4" Gray shale 64; black shale 1 ...... Sandstone 2;16gray shale Dk. Sandstone and shale 24 ...... Sandstone and shale 30 D av. Gray shale and sandstone 24; black shale 4 Gray shale 6; limestone 4

"7" Gray shale 8; black shale 1 ...... Gray shale 2;12sandstone 6 Limestone 6; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1;18sandstone 5 Siltstone and sandstone 6; black shale 1 . . Underclay 3; limestone 6 "4" Gray shale 28; black shale 6 ...... Underclay 2;7siltstone D av. Sandstone 42 ...... Underclay 1;8siltstone "7" Gray shale 30; black shale 2 ...... Gray shale 10;4limestone 6 Shale and limestone 14; limestone 4 ...... Underclay 1;6siltstone 5 Shale 15; black shale 2 ...... Underclay 4;10sandstone

"7" Gray shale 59; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1;24sandstone 6 Limestone 2; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 2;24siltstone 5 Gray shale 45; black shale 2 ...... Underclay 2;5sandstone 5 Siltstone 10; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 2;6gray shale "7" Gray shale 29; black shale 1 ...... Sandstone 20;4limestone 6 Limestone 5; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1;22sandstone 5 Gray shale 43; limestone I; black shale 2 . Sandy shale 18

"7" Gray shale 26; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 2;5gray shale 6 Gray shale 5; limestone 5 ...... Grap shale 1;10sandstone 5 Gray shale 32; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1;64gray shale "4" Gray shale 64 ...... Gmy shale 2;2limestone Dav. ? Gray shale 6 ...... Underclay 1;4limestone

"7" Gray shale 80; black sha!e 1 ...... Underclay 2;6gray shale 6 Limestone 4; black shale 2 ...... Clay shale 2;11sandstone 5 Gray shale 9; black and gray shale 7 ..... Gray shale 6;6sandstone Dk. Gray shale 24; black shale 2 ...... Gray shale 2;12sandstone Dav. Grap shale 9; black shale 1 ...... Gray shale 2;4siltstone

"7" Gray shale 24; black shale 1 ...... Gray shale 8 6 Limestone 5; gray shale 2; black shale 1 .. Underclay 4; sandstone 16 5 Gray shale 23; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1;22gray shale "4" ? Sandstone 19; black shale 1 ...... Gray shale 4; sandstone 2; gray shale 20 "2" Sandstone 8; gray sha!r 3; black shale 1 . . Underclay 1; shale and sandstone 16 Dk.? Sandstone 18; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1;8gray shale Dav.? Gray shale 5: black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1;3gray shale Surface elevation Depth County (instru- Coal Elevation Thickness above coal bed in feet (from No. No. to top control well records) Coal bed Below coal bed (thickness in ft.) mental) coal top feet bed in coal bed in feet feet ft. in. ------"7" -468 Gray shale 45; black shale 1...... Underclay 3; sandstone 6; siltstone 6 6 - 527 Limestone 6; black shale I...... Underclay 2; sandstone 10 5 - 636 Gray shale 44...... Shale and sandstone 72 "4" -738 Limestone 2; black shale 4...... Gray shnle 12; siltstone 2 "2" - 810 Gray shale 25; black shale 1...... Underclay 3; siltstone and sandstone 21 D li. - 890 Sandstone 21; gray shale 6...... Underclay 2; sandstone 24

"7" - 268 Blackshale2 ...... Underclay 2; gray shale 7 6 - 321 Limestone 3; black shale 3...... Sandstone 10; siltstone 5 5 - 398 Gray shale 14; black shale 4...... Underclay 2; limestone 2 "4" -488 Gray shale 5; black shale 1 ...... Underclay 1; gray shale 10 Dk. -619 Sandstone 44; black shale 2...... Siltstone 1; sandstone 31 Dav. - 653 Sandstone 31...... IJnderclay 2; gray shale 36 Taken from diamond drill records "7" - 22'8 " Gray shale 1.54...... Black to dark shale 9'8"; sandstone 9"; limestone 5'3 " 6 - 269'8 " Limestone 5; black shale 4"...... Gray clay shale 3'9"; sandstone 3' 5 -371 Sandstone 18': gray and black shale 15'2" Gray shale 3'; sandstone 10' "4" -465 Gray shale 30'2"; limestone 6": black shale 3'10"...... Sandstone 18'10" "2" - 544'3 " Sandstone 16'9"; gray shale 6'3"...... Gray shale 1'; sandstone 10'6" Dk. - 589'2" Sandstone 18'; gray shnle 15'2"...... Sandstone 19'6" Dav. -620'6 " Gray shale and coal streak 8'6"...... Sandstone 8'4 "; shale 6'9 " "7" -313'6" Dark shale 137'2"...... Gray shale 1'4"; dark shale 2'7" 6 -363'3" Shale, dark and variegated 2'; black shale 1'9"...... Fireclay 1'4 "; gray shale 14' 5 -452'2" Shale, blue and gray 8'6"; black shale 6'. . Fireclay 4'4" sandy shale 1 "7" + 1'9" Dark shale 91...... Light shale 6'3" 6 - 99'6" Limestone 3'7"; dark shale 1'5"...... Gray shale 3'10"; sandstone 5'2" 5 - 198'9" Limestone 2'; dark shale 2'6"...... Gray shale 4'10%" COAL RESOURCES 28 PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

ABLE 3.-THREE PROFILESOF NO. 6 COALBED in Saline, Gallatin, and Williamson coun- FROM NORRISCITY MINE ties, but not in White County. The aver- age thickness in White County is 3.6 feet, No. 1 Face of the Main North Inches based on records of diamond-drill holes and Limes tone roof Draw slate Survey control well records. Planimeter Coal, mostly glance...... 8 measurements of the isopach map (fig. 13) Pyrite...... 218 suggest that No. 5 coal bed, 5 feet or more Coal...... 24 2/8 Pyrite...... 118 thick, underlies 120.18 square miles or 23.59 Coal...... 5 618 percent of the county, and that coal 2.5 to Blue band (gay shale) ...... 2 418 Coal...... 18 218 5 feet thick underlies 389.23 square miles or 76.41 percent of the county; however, only 58 718 Laboratory No. BM80594 Tape 59 112" 2.85 square miles or 0.57 percent is regarded as proved. The remaining resources are re- garded as probable and strongly or weakly No. 2 Main East Face Inches indicated (table 1) . Black slate...... 12 Coal-glance...... 7 112 The Herrin (No. 6) coal bed has been Pyrite lens...... 118 worked in White County only at the mine Coal...... 11 at Norris City now abandoned. The aver- Pyrite lens...... 1 Coal...... 14 1/2 age thickness of No. 6 coal bed in White Charcoal and coal...... 112 County according to present information is Coal...... 7 Blue band-gray shale...... 2 114 4.5 feet. The pattern of thickness variation Coal...... 7 is shown on the isopach map (fig. 14). No. Pyrite lens...... 1 6 coal bed, 5 feet or more thick, underlies Coal...... 10 1/2 222.17 square miles or 43.78 percent of the 62 318 county, and where 2.5 to 5 feet thick it Floor-clay Laboratory No. ~~80595Tape 62 1/2" underlies 279.34 square miles or 55.05 per- cent of the county. Only 3.92 miles or 0.77 percent is proved, No. 3 6th Southwest Inches the remainder being probable, strongly in- Limestone Gray shale...... 7 ferred, or weakly indicated. Coal...... 8 1/4 No. 6 coal bed is locally cut out (pl. 3) Pyrite...... 114 Coal ...... 17 314 by sandstone in 1.17 percent of the county Charcoal ...... 3/8 or 12.95 square miles. Coal ...... 14 Blue band shale...... 2 Three descriptions of face profiles of Coal ...... 4 112 the No. 6 coal bed from the Norris City Charcoal...... 114 mine are available. These measurements Coal ...... 13 112 and mine locations, made in 1921 by Netze- 60 7jS band, are given in table 3. Floor-clay Laboratory No. BM80596 Tape 59 3/4" These profiles reveal the benched struc- ture of the No. 6 coal bed with pyrite and shale commonly marking the parting be- economic value. Their general occurrence tween benches. The blue band is the only and probable thickness are inferred from widespread parting but it provides a char- the records of two diamond-drill holes and acteristic profile feature. An underclay un- 19 control wells. Study of electric logs in- derlies the coal at all three positions. dicates that "No. 2" coal bed is present in at least 91 percent and "No. 4" coal bed is present in 98 percent of drill records studied. Several thin coal beds are present in the Harrisburg (No. 5) coal bed is mined in McEeansboro group, "No. 7" coal bed be- the southern part of the Illinois coal field ing the most persistent and thickest. This COAL RESOURCES

EDWARDS COUNTY Rl WAYNE COUNTY

FIG. 15.-Coal resources in White County in No. 5 and No. 6 coal beds undifferentiated as to probable and inferred resources; also positions of faults, areas where No. 6 coal bed is absent, areas where the depth of No. 6 and the depth of No. 5 or both beds exceeds 1000 feet, and areas where close spacing of rotary drill holes will render mining especially hazardous. coal bed can be identified in 96 percent of resenting samples described in table 3. the records studied and has an average thick- These are shown in table 4." ness of 2.5 feet. It lies 70 to 80 feet above No. 6 coal bed but has not been mined in White County. The area and estimate of The rank of the No. 6 coal sampled in resources appear in the accompanying table the mine at Norris City is indicated by the (table 1). rank index 133" as compared with 131 Figure 15, coal resource map of White in Franklin County, 137 for No. 5 coal in County, shows the areas of closely drilled Saline County, and 133 for No. 6 in Wil- oil tests, cut-out areas, mined-out area, and liamson County. Lower coal beds may have the area where coal is below 1,000 feet. a somewhat higher rank than No. 6. Three analyses are available of the No. 11 Cady, Gilbel-L I*.. Classification and selection of Tlli- nois coals: Illinois Geol. Survey Bull. 62, 1935. 6 coal from the mine at Norris City rep- '2 Op. cit. Classification and selection. PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

TABLE4.-ANALYSES OF NO, 6 COALFROM NORRISCITY MNE

" Explanation of numbers in this column: 1. Sample as received at laboratory. 2. Moisture free. 3. Moisture and ash free. 4. Dry mineral matter free (unit coal). APPENDIX

APPENDIX TABULATED DATA

The wells are located in the section as accurately as records permit. Where the lo- Location: The location of the drill holes cation is known to the nearest 10 acres and mine is shown by Township, Range, (quarter-quarter-quarter section), the po- section, and location within section. The sition of the drill hole is indicated by the letters through and the numbers 1 Township and Range is given by T. and A H R. No. as follows: through 8, starting from the southeast cor- ner of the section.

Examples: F SE-SE-SE = A1 E NW-NE-SE = D2 D C B A

County number: The county number is an identification number assigned to each drill hole or mine within the county. It is also recorded on the structure contour map next to the symbol of the hole or mine. All county numbers refer to rotary drill holes unless otherwise indicated by a symbol following the county number. Symbols in- dicate the drill holes logged by the Coal Division as control wells, an abandoned 75 =Posey County, Ind., T. 5 S. - R. 14 W. shaft mine, and diamond-drill holes. Surface elevation: The surface elevation Note : Drill hole number 1200, on page is given to the nearest foot. The method for 35, is erroneously marked as Township aid determining the elevation of the top of hole, Range No. 9 ; it should be in T. 4 S., R. 13 W. shaft, etc., is indicated as follows: B = Barometer C = Company information D = Company, derrick floor H= Hand level P = Plane table G = Ground (estimated from instrumentally determined data, recorded depths modified accordingly.)

Elevation of datum beds: Elevation of the datum bed is given in feet below sea level. An asterisk (*) following this figure indicates the elevation is above sea level; %O in the elevation column indicates that the datum bed is eroded or is absent at its hori------+- - --- zon for some other reason. Where no data are given the information is unreliable or R8E. R. 9 E. RIOE. R.IIE. the hole did not reach the datum bed. PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

- - -I / I I ELEVATION I I I I ELEVATION -0

C No. 6 No.5 W. F. V) y z Coal Coal La.

* Elev. above sea level; *O Datum bed absent; #Controi well. APPENDIX

I ELEVATION

* Elev. above sea ievel: *O Datum bed absent; #Control well. PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

1 I I ELEVATION 111 I I ELEVATION

* Elev. above sea level; *O Datum bed absent; #Control well. APPENDIX 37

I I 1 I ELEVATION I I ELEVATION -0 cIU xt a.5'2 Zn j'g & a 5 No. 6 No.5 W. F. Z Coal Coal Ls. 6

* Elev. above sea level; 40 Datum bed absent; #Control well. PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

I I I I ELEVATION 1 I ELEVATION T w 0 = c x; a,:*; & .z 75 & 5: ${$ No.6 N0.5 W.F. , Z Cool Coal Ls. ,I- $

- * Elev. above sea level; 30 Dat urn bed absent; Cont ro1,well; *Shaft mine, abd.; e Diamond drill hole. APPENDIX

P ELEVATION ELEVATION

-0 u 0 = c 2 . -d En No. 6 No. 5 W. F N0.6 No.5 W.F. z coal coal ~s. 6;" Coal Coal Ls. + z I-

A------17 18 H1 719 395C 229 311 714 18 13 85 740 3720 224 318 60 * 19 €5 720 4600 380 454 73 13 07 741 3700 396 454 120 19 F6 721 4260 236 317 71; 13 F4 388 365C 241 332 2 9 * 19 G3 722 4340 392 466 84 13C5 1076 364C 386 472 156 19 G5 723 4240 258 323 450 13 H5 389 3640 243 322 62*

+ Elev. above sea level: +O Datum bed absent; #Control well. 40 PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WHITE COUNTY

111 I 1 ELEVATION 111 1 I ELEVATION 7, al 0 A; a.~.; =:- + No. 6 No. 5 W. F. 5 26 0 No. 5 W. F. Ls. 6 2 2 f 2;; Coal Ls. + z

P - -- -- 20 9 t3 968 4320 104 204 120 + 1251 1400 135* 1230

131* 140 0 1330 154* 145+

1610 1450 150 * 155+ 2 6

1250 119* I2 o a 1350 1020

155* 1320 137* 161* 71* 92 + 874 1220 109* 1220

1450 1490 1220 125* 128t

161* 153* 1400 160* 146*

1260

2 06 618 503C 239 2 FR 195 510C 235

2 GZ 1171 483n 241 2 G5 619 448C 233 3 A2 620 4770 239 3 A5 621 470C 264 3 C2 627 4720 250

3 05 971 4930 285 3 H7 972 4740 308 4 A1 1152 4410 308 4 F1 974 5140 306 4 HI 973 528C 369

5 A7 5. 417P 363 7 €8 623 466C 310 8 C1 975 4700 327 10 A4 624 417C 00 10 05 625 411G 263

10 01 977 4390 00 10 F7 626 438n 223 10 H5 976 434n 261 11 68 1120 419n 60

Elel.. above sea le~el:*O Datum bed abst:nt; #Control well: 0 Diamond drill hole.