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Is It Essential to Sequence the Entire 16S Rrna Gene for Bacterial
» INSTRUMENTATION » Is it Essential to Sequence Introduction Bacterial Identification in the biopharmaceutical industry, especially in the Entire 16S rRNA Gene manufacturing facilities, is very important because an occurrence of a problematic microorganism in the final product could be harmful for the end user and detrimental to a company’s finances and reputation. for Bacterial Identification? Environmental Monitoring (EM) programs are the cornerstone of understanding the microbial ecology in a manufacturing facility and have become a regulatory requirement for most manufacturers. The EM program is a biological surveillance system which enables companies to quickly identify organisms which are transient or resident in their facilities before these organisms have an opportunity to contaminate a product. A properly executed EM program provides an early warning of potential contamination problems due to Sunhee Hong, PhD and equipment failure, inadequate cleaning, or deficiencies in staff hygiene Christine E. Farrance, PhD training, for example, so that problems can be corrected to prevent Charles River adulteration of the end product. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published guidelines for the production of sterile drugs by aseptic processing which includes a section on EM programs, and the USP general information chapter “Microbiological Control and Monitoring of Aseptic Processing Environments” also contains detailed information regarding EM programs1. The EM program is only effective if the organisms recovered from the facility are accurately identified, so the information gathered can be used to understand the microbial control through tracking and trending and dictate appropriate remediation activities. There are several different options available for bacterial identification; however, the use of 16S rRNA gene sequences has been considered the most powerful and accurate tool, while conventional phenotypic methods often show major weaknesses2-5. -
Arxiv:2105.11503V2 [Physics.Bio-Ph] 26 May 2021 3.1 Geometry and Swimming Speeds of the Cells
The Bank Of Swimming Organisms at the Micron Scale (BOSO-Micro) Marcos F. Velho Rodrigues1, Maciej Lisicki2, Eric Lauga1,* 1 Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom. 2 Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. *Email: [email protected] Abstract Unicellular microscopic organisms living in aqueous environments outnumber all other creatures on Earth. A large proportion of them are able to self-propel in fluids with a vast diversity of swimming gaits and motility patterns. In this paper we present a biophysical survey of the available experimental data produced to date on the characteristics of motile behaviour in unicellular microswimmers. We assemble from the available literature empirical data on the motility of four broad categories of organisms: bacteria (and archaea), flagellated eukaryotes, spermatozoa and ciliates. Whenever possible, we gather the following biological, morphological, kinematic and dynamical parameters: species, geometry and size of the organisms, swimming speeds, actuation frequencies, actuation amplitudes, number of flagella and properties of the surrounding fluid. We then organise the data using the established fluid mechanics principles for propulsion at low Reynolds number. Specifically, we use theoretical biophysical models for the locomotion of cells within the same taxonomic groups of organisms as a means of rationalising the raw material we have assembled, while demonstrating the variability for organisms of different species within the same group. The material gathered in our work is an attempt to summarise the available experimental data in the field, providing a convenient and practical reference point for future studies. Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Methods 4 2.1 Propulsion at low Reynolds number . -
Bioflocculation of Wastewater Organic Matter at Short Retention Times
Bioflocculation of Wastewater Organic Matter at Short Retention Times Lena Faust Thesis committee Promotor Prof. dr. ir. H.H.M. Rijnaarts Professor, Chair Environmental Technology Wageningen University Co-promotor Dr. ir. H. Temmink Assistant professor, Sub-department of Environmental Technology Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr A.J.M. Stams, Wageningen University Prof. Dr. I. Smets, University of Leuven, Belgium Prof. Dr. B.-M. Wilen, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Prof. Dr. D.C. Nijmeijer, University of Twente, The Netherlands This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School SENSE (Socio- Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment) Bioflocculation of Wastewater Organic Matter at Short Retention Times Lena Faust Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Wednesday 3rd of December 2014 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Lena Faust Bioflocculation of Wastewater Organic Matter at Short Retention Times, 163 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN 978-94-6257-171-6 ˮDa steh ich nun, ich armer Tor, und bin so klug als wie zuvor.ˮ Dr. Faust (in Faust I written by Johann Wolgang von Goethe) Contents 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 -
Hyphal Proteobacteria, Hirschia Baltica Gen. Nov. , Sp. Nov
INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Oct. 1990, p. 443451 Vol. 40. No. 4 0020-7713/9O/040443-O9$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1990, International Union of Microbiological Societies Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Studies on a New Taxon of Budding, Hyphal Proteobacteria, Hirschia baltica gen. nov. , sp. nov. HEINZ SCHLESNER," CHRISTINA BARTELS, MANUEL SITTIG, MATTHIAS DORSCH, AND ERKO STACKEBRANDTT Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Christian-Albrecht-Universitat, 2300 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany Four strains of budding, hyphal bacteria, which had very similar chemotaxonomic properties, were isolated from the Baltic Sea. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, indicated that three of the new isolates were closely related, while the fourth was only moderately related to the other three. Sequence signature and higher-order structural detail analyses of the 16s rRNA of strain IFAM 141gT (T = type strain) indicated that this isolate is related to the alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteriu. Although our isolates resemble members of the genera Hyphomicrobium and Hyphomonas in morphology, assignment to either of these genera was excluded on the basis of their markedly lower DNA guanine-plus-cytosine contents. We propose that these organisms should be placed in a new genus, Hirschiu baltica is the type species of this genus, and the type strain of H. bdtica is strain IFAM 1418 (= DSM 5838). Since the first description of a hyphal, budding bacterium, no1 and formamide were tested at concentrations of 0.02 and Hyphomicrobium vulgare (53), only the following additional 0.1% (vol/vol). Utilization of nitrogen sources was tested in genera having this morphological type have been formally M9 medium containing glucose as the carbon source. -
Mitigating Biofouling on Reverse Osmosis Membranes Via Greener Preservatives
Mitigating biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes via greener preservatives by Anna Curtin Biology (BSc), Le Moyne College, 2017 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria © Anna Curtin, 2020 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This Thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. Supervisory Committee Mitigating biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes via greener preservatives by Anna Curtin Biology (BSc), Le Moyne College, 2017 Supervisory Committee Heather Buckley, Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor Caetano Dorea, Department of Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering Departmental Member ii Abstract Water scarcity is an issue faced across the globe that is only expected to worsen in the coming years. We are therefore in need of methods for treating non-traditional sources of water. One promising method is desalination of brackish and seawater via reverse osmosis (RO). RO, however, is limited by biofouling, which is the buildup of organisms at the water-membrane interface. Biofouling causes the RO membrane to clog over time, which increases the energy requirement of the system. Eventually, the RO membrane must be treated, which tends to damage the membrane, reducing its lifespan. Additionally, antifoulant chemicals have the potential to create antimicrobial resistance, especially if they remain undegraded in the concentrate water. Finally, the hazard of chemicals used to treat biofouling must be acknowledged because although unlikely, smaller molecules run the risk of passing through the membrane and negatively impacting humans and the environment. -
Role of NAD+-Dependent Malate Dehydrogenase in the Metabolism of Methylomicrobium Alcaliphilum 20Z and Methylosinus Trichosporium Ob3b
Microorganisms 2015, 3, 47-59; doi:10.3390/microorganisms3010047 OPEN ACCESS microorganisms ISSN 2076-2607 www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms Article Role of NAD+-Dependent Malate Dehydrogenase in the Metabolism of Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b Olga N. Rozova 1, Valentina N. Khmelenina 1,*, Ksenia A. Bocharova 2, Ildar I. Mustakhimov 2 and Yuri A. Trotsenko 1,2 1 Laboratory of Methylotrophy, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, RAS, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290, Russia; E-Mails: [email protected] (O.N.R.); [email protected] (Y.A.T.) 2 Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Prospect Nauki 3, Pushchino 142290, Russia; E-Mails: [email protected] (K.A.B.); [email protected] (I.I.M.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-4967-318672; Fax: +7-4959-563370. Academic Editors: Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya and Ludmila Chistoserdova Received: 30 December 2014 / Accepted: 5 February 2015 / Published: 27 February 2015 Abstract: We have expressed the L-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) genes from aerobic methanotrophs Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b as his-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli. The substrate specificities, enzymatic kinetics and oligomeric states of the MDHs have been characterized. Both MDHs were NAD+-specific and thermostable enzymes not affected by metal ions or various organic metabolites. The MDH from M. alcaliphilum 20Z was a homodimeric (2 × 35 kDa) enzyme displaying nearly equal reductive (malate formation) and oxidative (oxaloacetate formation) activities and higher affinity to malate (Km = 0.11 mM) than to oxaloacetate (Km = 0.34 mM). -
Phylogeny and Polyphasic Taxonomy of Caulobacter Species. Proposal of Maricaulis Gen
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1 999), 49, 1053-1 073 Printed in Great Britain Phylogeny and polyphasic taxonomy of Caulobacter species. Proposal of Maricaulis gen. nov. with Maricaulis maris (Poindexter) comb. nov. as the type species, and emended description of the genera Brevundirnonas and Caulobacter Wolf-Rainer Abraham,' Carsten StrOmpl,l Holger Meyer, Sabine Lindholst,l Edward R. B. Moore,' Ruprecht Christ,' Marc Vancanneyt,' B. J. Tindali,3 Antonio Bennasar,' John Smit4 and Michael Tesar' Author for correspondence: Wolf-Rainer Abraham. Tel: +49 531 6181 419. Fax: +49 531 6181 41 1. e-mail : [email protected] Gesellschaft fur The genus Caulobacter is composed of prosthecate bacteria often specialized Biotechnologische for oligotrophic environments. The taxonomy of Caulobacter has relied Forschung mbH, primarily upon morphological criteria: a strain that visually appeared to be a Mascheroder Weg 1, D- 38124 Braunschweig, member of the Caulobacter has generally been called one without Germany challenge. A polyphasic approach, comprising 165 rDNA sequencing, profiling Laboratorium voor restriction fragments of 165-235 rDNA interspacer regions, lipid analysis, Microbiologie, Universiteit immunological profiling and salt tolerance characterizations, was used Gent, Gent, Belgium to clarify the taxonomy of 76 strains of the genera Caulobacter, Deutsche Sammlung von Brevundimonas, Hyphomonas and Mycoplana. The described species of the Mikroorganismen und genus Caulobacter formed a paraphyletic group with Caulobacter henricii, Zellkulturen, Caulobacter fusiformis, Caulobacter vibrioides and Mycoplana segnis Braunschweig, Germany (Caulobacter segnis comb. nov.) belonging to Caulobacter sensu stricto. Dept of Microbiology and Caulobacter bacteroides (Brevundimonas bacteroides comb. nov.), C. henricii Immunology, University of subsp. aurantiacus (Brevundimonas aurantiaca comb. nov.), Caulobacter British Columbia, intermedius (Brevundimonas intermedia comb. -
Étude Du Potentiel Biotechnologique De Halomonas Sp. SF2003 : Application À La Production De Polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA)
THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE SUD COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 602 Sciences pour l'Ingénieur Spécialité : Génie des procédés et Bioprocédés Par Tatiana THOMAS Étude du potentiel biotechnologique de Halomonas sp. SF2003 : Application à la production de PolyHydroxyAlcanoates (PHA). Thèse présentée et soutenue à Lorient, le 17 Décembre 2019 Unité de recherche : Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme Thèse N° : 542 Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Sandra DOMENEK Maître de Conférences HDR, AgroParisTech Etienne PAUL Professeur des Universités, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse Composition du Jury : Président : Mohamed JEBBAR Professeur des Universités, Université de Bretagne Occidentale Examinateur : Jean-François GHIGLIONE Directeur de Recherche, CNRS Dir. de thèse : Stéphane BRUZAUD Professeur des Universités, Université de Bretagne Sud Co-dir. de thèse : Alexis BAZIRE Maître de Conférences HDR, Université de Bretagne Sud Co-dir. de thèse : Anne ELAIN Maître de Conférences, Université de Bretagne Sud Étude du potentiel biotechnologique de Halomonas sp. SF2003 : application à la production de polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA) Tatiana Thomas 2019 « Failure is only the opportunity to begin again more intelligently. » Henry Ford « I dettagli fanno la perfezione e la perfezione non è un dettaglio. » Leonardo Da Vinci Étude du potentiel biotechnologique de Halomonas sp. SF2003 : application à la production de polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA) Tatiana Thomas 2019 Étude du potentiel biotechnologique de Halomonas sp. SF2003 : application à la production de polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA) Tatiana Thomas 2019 Remerciements Pour commencer, mes remerciements s’adressent à l’Université de Bretagne Sud et Pontivy Communauté qui ont permi le financement et la réalisation de cette thèse entre l’Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme et le Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Chimie Marines. -
Physiological and Genomic Features of Highly Alkaliphilic Hydrogen-Utilizing Betaproteobacteria from a Continental Serpentinizing Site
ARTICLE Received 17 Dec 2013 | Accepted 16 Apr 2014 | Published 21 May 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4900 OPEN Physiological and genomic features of highly alkaliphilic hydrogen-utilizing Betaproteobacteria from a continental serpentinizing site Shino Suzuki1, J. Gijs Kuenen2,3, Kira Schipper1,3, Suzanne van der Velde2,3, Shun’ichi Ishii1, Angela Wu1, Dimitry Y. Sorokin3,4, Aaron Tenney1, XianYing Meng5, Penny L. Morrill6, Yoichi Kamagata5, Gerard Muyzer3,7 & Kenneth H. Nealson1,2 Serpentinization, or the aqueous alteration of ultramafic rocks, results in challenging environments for life in continental sites due to the combination of extremely high pH, low salinity and lack of obvious electron acceptors and carbon sources. Nevertheless, certain Betaproteobacteria have been frequently observed in such environments. Here we describe physiological and genomic features of three related Betaproteobacterial strains isolated from highly alkaline (pH 11.6) serpentinizing springs at The Cedars, California. All three strains are obligate alkaliphiles with an optimum for growth at pH 11 and are capable of autotrophic growth with hydrogen, calcium carbonate and oxygen. The three strains exhibit differences, however, regarding the utilization of organic carbon and electron acceptors. Their global distribution and physiological, genomic and transcriptomic characteristics indicate that the strains are adapted to the alkaline and calcium-rich environments represented by the terrestrial serpentinizing ecosystems. We propose placing these strains in a new genus ‘Serpentinomonas’. 1 J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. 2 University of Southern California, 835 W. 37th St. SHS 560, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. 3 Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, Delft, 2628BC, The Netherlands. -
Niche Differentiation of Bacterial Communities at a Millimeter Scale In
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Niche differentiation of bacterial communities at a millimeter scale in Shark Bay microbial mats Received: 05 June 2015 1,3 1,3 2,3 1,3 Accepted: 28 September 2015 Hon Lun Wong , Daniela-Lee Smith , Pieter T. Visscher & Brendan P. Burns Published: 26 October 2015 Modern microbial mats can provide key insights into early Earth ecosystems, and Shark Bay, Australia, holds one of the best examples of these systems. Identifying the spatial distribution of microorganisms with mat depth facilitates a greater understanding of specific niches and potentially novel microbial interactions. High throughput sequencing coupled with elemental analyses and biogeochemical measurements of two distinct mat types (smooth and pustular) at a millimeter scale were undertaken in the present study. A total of 8,263,982 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained, which were affiliated to 58 bacterial and candidate phyla. The surface of both mats were dominated by Cyanobacteria, accompanied with known or putative members of Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The deeper anoxic layers of smooth mats were dominated by Chloroflexi, while Alphaproteobacteria dominated the lower layers of pustular mats. In situ microelectrode measurements revealed smooth mats have a steeper profile of 2O and H2S concentrations, as well as higher oxygen production, consumption, and sulfate reduction rates. Specific elements (Mo, Mg, Mn, Fe, V, P) could be correlated with specific mat types and putative phylogenetic groups. Models are proposed for these systems suggesting putative surface anoxic niches, differential nitrogen fixing niches, and those coupled with methane metabolism. Stromatolites are believed to represent one of the first microbial ecosystems, and may have had major impacts on past global biogeochemical cycles, particularly oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulfur1. -
Bibliography
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Apiro, Italy September 25-30, 2017
250 Million Years of Earth History in Central Italy Celebrating 25 Years of the Geological Observatory of Coldigioco Apiro, Italy September 25-30, 2017 A Penrose Conference sponsored by Comune di Apiro 250 Million Years of Earth History in Central Italy: Celebrating 25 years of the Geological Observatory of Coldigioco September 25-29, 2017 Apiro, Marche Region, Italy Conveners: Alessandro Montanari Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, I-62020 Frontale di Apiro (MC), Italy; [email protected] Christian Koeberl Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] Sponsored by: GSA Foundation, Barringer Crater Company, Associazione Le Montagne di San Francesco Description and Objectives: Central Italy has been a cradle of geology for centuries. Since the beginning of the last century, the Triassic to Miocene carbonate succession exposed along the valleys of the Umbria and Marche (U-M) Apennines of Italy, has been a fertile playground for generations of Earth scientists, particularly paleontologists, sedimentologists, stratigraphers, geophysicists, and structural geologists, from all over the world. It is in this geological theater that pioneering studies in the most disparate disciplines of Earth sciences have led to the understanding of novel principles and natural phenomena of the past, the development of new methodologies and experimental research approaches, and ultimately to discontinuities in scientific thinking, with the birth of concepts such as Event Stratigraphy, Integrated Stratigraphy, and Cyclostratigraphy applied to astronomical tuning, let alone Quaternary Geology, Neotectonics and Speleogeology. The Umbria-Marche Apennines of northeastern Italy are a foreland fold-and-thrust belt, which was formed in the latest phase of the Alpine–Himalayan orogenesis.