Competing sexual-asexual generic names of and recommendations for use

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Citation Healy, Roseanne, Donald H. Pfister, Amy Y. Rossman, Ludmila Marvanová, and Karen Hansen. 2016. “Competing sexual-asexual generic names of Pezizomycetes and recommendations for use.” IMA 7 (2): 285-288. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.08. http://dx.doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.08.

Published Version doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.08

Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:29739159

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. In all work). and and et al. et 1978, the of et al. 2013) and 2013). The 2013). et al. Key words: dual nomenclature Pezizomycetes pleomorphic fungi protected lists taxonomy use , is associated with associated is , your or G. pyriforme based on G.

you . 5 rather endorse Morchella IMA FUNGUS · 7(2): 285–288 (2016) 285–288 · 7(2): FUNGUS IMA they , that G.A. Salt 1974 (A) Caloscypha Caloscypha, C. fulgens suggests that but its identity in unclear (Pfister unclear in identity its but way , and Karen Hansen , and Karen 4 rather than Dichobotrys any et al. 2013). Most species are known primarily as in (Fr.) C. musiva (Fr.) Boud 1907, is currently accepted in Caloscypha Boud. 1885 (S) rather than not Here we consider six competing generic names with (but Hansen sexual morphs although asexual morphs are increasingly discovered. Studies of asexual morphs have in defining been species (Paden useful 1972, 1986, Paden Carris et al. 2015). pleomorphic species in the Pezizomycetes type cases the generic name recommended here represents the older sexual morph as summarized in Table 1, thus no action is needed such as protection of a name or approval of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). No combinations new of species names are needed. Below detailed rationale for these recommendations. is the In the following notes, (A) = a name typified by an asexual morph, and (S) = a name typified by a sexual morph. Geniculodendron develops in early spring after the snow melts. One additional name, Caloscypha monotypic genus Geniculodendron GENERIC NAMES RECOMMENDED FOR USE GENERIC NAMES RECOMMENDED FOR IN PEZIZOMYCETES Use of species type The conifers in the Northern Hemisphere (Pfister licensor or Miladina rather than Actinosporella , and Trichophaea , author and , Ludmila Marvanová , Ludmila 3 the by six pairs of generic names were determined to compete. . 2013, et al. et al. 2015, specified et al. 2012), one Pezizomycetes manner the Pezizomycetes , Amy Y. Rossman Y. Amy , in 2008, Lumbsch & et al. 2 or simply as ‘operculate work 2007, Pfister 2007, et al. the attribute et al. et 1997, Harmaja 2002, Pfister , Sarcoscypha rather than Molliardiomyces Desmazierella rather than Verticicladium must may not use this work for commercial purposes. may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.

, Donald H. Pfister , Donald H. , sometimes referred to Pezizomycetes, 1 have been evaluated to determine which of the competing names should be recommended for use. for recommended be should names competing the of which determine to evaluated been have et al. et 2016). This paper reviews the competing Following the change that eliminated dual naming of sexual and asexual morphs of fungi, generic names

You Geniculodendron, The class Pezizomycetes Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden P.O. Department of Botany, History, Swedish Museum of Natural Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA; corresponding author e-mail: amydianer@ e-mail: author corresponding USA; 97330, Oregon Corvallis, University, State Oregon Pathology, Plant and Botany of Department 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic Masaryk University, Institute of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32607, USA Department of Plant Pathology, Massachusetts Cambridge, USA 02138, Harvard University, Harvard University Herbaria, Submitted: 8 November 2016; Accepted: 15 November 2016; Published: 23 November 2016. Accepted: 15 November 2016; Published: Article info: Submitted: 8 November 2016; rather than Costantinella of most is name which and congeneric are names the if determine to species type of congruence on based is Evaluation commonly cited as well as In priority. the Abstract: than yahoo.com In all cases the older name, representing the sexual morph, is recommended for use, specifically use, for recommended is morph, sexual the representing name, older the cases all In © 2016 International Mycological Association © 2016 International Mycological conditions: distribute and transmit the work, under the following are free to share - to copy, You Attribution: recommendations for use recommendations 3 4 5 1 2 Roseanne Healy Roseanne Competing sexual-asexual generic names generic sexual-asexual Competing of Pezizomycetes Non-commercial: No derivative works: Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. You You Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. permission from the copyright holder. by the ordinal name additional research is 2008), and demonstrate that et al. needed to circumscribe the families and genera in this class Perry 2006, Pfister & (Hansen discomycetes’, includes about families (Kirk 16 species placed in 200 genera Huhndorf 2010). Molecular phylogenetic studies have added with 2000 new families (Landvik makes recommendations for the application of names. species of fungus may no longer be referred to by more than scientific separate giving of practice The name. scientific one sexual and asexual morphs (dual nomenclature) of names to the same species is no As longer for acceptable all (Art. 59). organisms governed by the ICN, the correct scientific name for fungal species is determined primarily by the principle of priority of publication (Art. 11). However, in some cases it is expedient to use a later determined by an international cadre of mycologists familiar generic or specific name as with the fungal group. Reviews of competing generic names along with recommendations for names to use have the International Commission Groups of published Working by been for of the Fungi Taxonomy (ICTF; e.g. Rossman Réblová sexual and asexual generic names in the INTRODUCTION With the changes the International in of NomenclatureCode for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN; McNeill doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.08 VOLUME 7 · NO. 2 286 ARTICLE

15) Hge (98, n Gm & Holubova-Jechova & Gams (1976). It is apparent that this genus requires a deeper study and (1958), Hughes (1956), Subramanian by genera other into species former many of the over confusion delimitation of Historical sequenced. been not have ITS sequence of the sexual morph is available, and the types Martinović the in form asexual the of as identified clade morph sexual a European a to belong (Martinović (1951) Hughes by studied current the within concept of species) (cryptic lineages multiple are there whether determine to studied be should morph sexual (Martinović but morphology could not effectively distinguish sequences, rDNAmost lineages ITS using lineages geographical eight of synonyms. consist to determined recently most was morph asexual The are names (Mitchell needles pine decaying with associated morphological generic and trifidum,theasexualmorph,haslongbeen these Verticicladium association thus physical methods, using (1951) Desmazierella acicola,typeofDesmazierella, trifidum, type of Verticicladium Verticicladium Preuss1851(A) Use that proved Paden on 1974). (Salt pathogenic conifers various fungus of seeds psychrophilic a as described was n cnda mrhlg, n got-eprtr and growth-temperature and studies. pathogenicity morphology, conidial and through comparingculturalcharacteristics,conidiophore Geniculodendron widely used, and has priority, it is recommended for use over Since used. are Schröder 1992, Burdekin & studies alongside pathogenicity Table 1.Genericnamesrecommendedandcompetingforuseinthe eomne eei ae iainadtp pce Suppressedgenericname,citation,andtypespecies Type: Caloscypha Boud.inBull.Soc.Mycol.France1:103.1885. Recommended genericname,citationandtypespecies Pers. 1822. Type: T. woolhopeia Trichophaea Boud.inBull.Soc.Mycol.France1:105.1885. Type: basionym: Pezizatrib.Sarcoscyphae Sarcoscypha Type: M.esculenta(L.)Pers.1797. Morchella Dill.exPers.inNeuesMag.Bot.1:116. 1794. lecithina Type: Miladina Type: D.acicolaLib.1829. Desmazierella coccineus Desmazierella S. coccinea C. fulgens M. lecithina Cooke(1876). SvrčekinČeskáMykol Gray1821. Verticicladium 2016). While RPB2 and 28S sequences of sequences 28S and RPB2 While 2016). et al. 06.Tee uhr sgetd ht the that suggested authors These 2016). et al. is the asexual morph ofC.fulgens G. pyriformeistheasexual (Fr.) Boud. in Bull. Soc. Mycol. France Lib.in Ann. Sci.Nat.,Bot.,sér. 117:83.1829. Verticicladium Pr. Bu. 85 basionym: 1885, Boud. (Pers.) . Caloscypha Coe Sre (1972) Svrček (Cooke) (Gray) Boud. 1885, basionym: 1885, Boud. (Gray) (Cooke&W. Phillips)Boud.1885. Geniculodendron Lib. 1829 (S)ratherthan . It was suggested that the strains the that suggested was It . is evidenced by the placement the by evidenced is istheearliestname,more 20) tu bt names both thus 2002), et al. D. acicola . 26:213.1972. Verticicladium Caloscypha Fr. 1822. et al. (2016) study, no matched sequences matched hasbeencitedin , basionym: , was linked to linked was , eg Phillips (e.g. Peziza fulgens Macroscyphus (1978) et al. y Hughes by 1: 103. 1885, . 1978). et al. Peziza Healy etal.

Type: Geniculodendron Type: Costantinella abundans Dichobotrys austriaca lecithina Actinospora megalospora Type: Actinosporella Lib. 1829. Type: Verticicladium (Pers.) Boud.1885. Type: Type: Molliardiomyces Pezizomycetes was therecommendationofMartinović over Verticicladium because of use the recommend We morphs. sexual of morphology comparative and phylogenetics molecular using and molecular studies (Paden 1972, Volk & Leonard 1990, 1990, Carris Leonard & Volk 1972, (Paden studies molecular and cultural through authors later by confirmed was Costantinella terrestris by Hughes (1958). The linkage between Costantinella as described morph asexual an with associated be to known The type species of species type The than CostantinellaMatr. 1892(A) Use genus monotypic The Actinosporella Descalsetal.1999(A) Use recommended foruseratherthan equally. less or morphs more both used are of names generic The sequenced. not were well- the (Hansen in placed was supported species this sequenced; were of Apothecia synonyms. are names generic two these Thus 1978). Webster & (Descals water in megalospora between and connection The 1999). et al. megalospora 1835, Actinospora streams. freshwater monotypic fungusgenus described intheillegitimate hyphomycete in aquatic substrates An woody submerged of ascomata orange The by monoascosporic isolatesfrom C. cristata Matr. 1892, now regarded as G. pyriforme G.A. Salt 1974, now regarded as Preuss 1851, now regarded as acicola Desmazierella regarded now 1851, Preuss V.trifidum enbr 17, o rgre as regarded now 1973, Hennebert D. abundans ae 18, o rgre as regarded now 1984, Paden M. coccineus 99 basionym: 1999, A. (Ingold)Descalset megalospora al. (Cooke)Svrček1972. (Sacc.)Boud.1907. Actinosporella megalospora (P. Karst.)Boud.1907. Morchella Dill. ex Pers.1794(S)rather Hennebertin 05. ic te ye pce of species type the Since 2015). et al. včk 92 S rte than rather (S) 1972 Svrček Miladina Ranunculaceae Matr., Rech.Developp.Mucedin:97.1892. PreussinLinnaea Descalsetal.inCanad.J.Bot.76:1647.1999. 03. slts rm h aeul morph asexual the from Isolates 2013). et al. withcitationsandtypespecies. PadeninCanad.J.Bot.62:21.1984. Scutellinia/Miladina G.A.Saltin Trans. Brit.Mycol.Soc. Igl 15; non 1952; (Ingold conidia after submerging pieces ofthecultures conidiaaftersubmerging , type ofthemonotypicActinosporella(Descals (Molliard 1904), a name regarded as regarded name a 1904), (Molliard cristata Persoonia nod 92 nw eadd as regarded now 1952, Ingold Morchella, Miladina ) andlaterrenamed 24:127.1851. Miladina Actinospora megalospora 7:193.1973. Desmazierella lineage of lineage isbasedonPezizalecithina. , has long been M.esculenta,haslongbeen Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. 1797. Miladina a oiial ascertained originally was Actinosporella Actinospora occurmostlyonpartly M. lecithina M. lecithina et al.(2016). has priority and is and haspriority Caloscypha fulgens Miladina lecithina 63: 339.1974. has priority.has This Desmazierella Actinosporella and Morchella and Turtzaninov Costantinella, Costantinella, IMA FUNGUS Sarcoscypha fromnature yielding . Trichophaea Miladina was C. C. A.

Asexual-sexual generic names in Pezizales

C. cristata, refers to the asexual morph of the type species of Trichophaea hybrida nor T. hemisphaerioides, which are ARTICLE Morchella, M. esculenta, these generic names are synonyms. only distantly related to the core clade of Trichophaea, The genus Morchella includes at least 65 phylogenetically are known to produce an anamorph. While Trichophaea distinct species, many of which are highly prized edibles, includes 46 species, Dichobotrys with four species has not and commercially valued in the morel-rich countries of China, been widely used. Given its widespread use and priority, the Europe, Turkey, and the USA (Du et al. 2015, Richard et al. use of Trichophaea is recommended. 2015), with significant advances toward their cultivation (e.g. Ower et al. 1986, 1988, Masaphy 2010). A costantinella-like asexual morph was determined with molecular methods to also REFERENCES occur in the related genera Disciotis Boud. 1885, Gyromitra Fr. 1849, and Hydnotrya Berk. & Broome 1846 (Carris et al. Carris LM, Peever TL, McCotter SW (2015) Mitospore stages of 2015). Costantinella is less frequently used than Morchella Disciotis, Gyromitra and Morchella in the inland Pacific Northwest and includes only seven species. There is no question that the USA. Mycologia 107: 729–744. generic name Morchella has priority and is widely used, thus Descals E, Marvanová L, Webster J (1999) New taxa and we recommended it for adoption. combinations of aquatic hyphomycetes. Canadian Journal of Botany 76: 1647–1659. Use Sarcoscypha (Fr.) Boud. 1885 (S) rather Descals E, Webster J (1978) Miladina lecithina (Pezizales), the than Molliardiomyces Paden 1984 (A) ascigerous state of Actinospora megalospora. 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pyriforme, theimperfectstateof 12:667–674. IMA Fungus6:145–154. , ). IMA Fungus7:131–153. 107:359–382. , ih new a with Ascomycota), -- II. -- (exceptDiaporthales, Journal of theIndian Journal 63:339–351. Geniculodendron IMA FUNGUS Diaporthales Morchella et al. et al. et .