From the Inside Out: How Institutional Entreprenuers Transformed Mexico’s Newsrooms Sallie Hughes
[email protected] University of Miami 2002 Working Paper #2 From The Inside Out: How Institutional Entrepreneurs Transformed Mexico’s Newsrooms By Sallie Hughes Assistant Professor The University of Miami
[email protected] Paper prepared for The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Miami Beach, FL 8 August 2002 Copyright protected under Sallie Hughes. Permission to cite should be directed to the author. 1 Introduction Over the last two decades, the Mexican press changed the way it presented citizens and politicians. Newspapers transformed the image of Mexicans from people who passively petitioned for government favors, or were victimized by disasters and crime, into citizens who took an active role in shaping their lives. At the same time, the central figure of Mexican authoritarianism, the imperial presidency, became increasingly challenged in the news pages by opposition voices inside and outside of formal political institutions. In doing so, the press began to support the creation of an authentic “public sphere” in Mexico in which citizens have access to diverse political information that allows them to form reasoned political opinions and make successful demands upon their governors.1 In Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, where political participation and government accountability are low, a form of journalism with the potential to empower citizens should be called civic. The civic approach considers news and the journalists who produce it as facilitators of citizen participation in politics and, specifically, in holding their governments accountable. Journalists bring pressure to bear on governments by providing citizens with information in a form that encourages reasoned opinion and thoughtful participation.