Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu CCCLXXXIX

Botanika – Steciana , , - www.up.poznan.pl/steciana ISSN -

VASCULAR FLORA IN THE PARK AT JEZIORY IN THE NATIONAL PARK OF WIELKOPOLSKA

ANETA CZARNA

A. Czarna, Department of Botany, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego C, - Poznań, Poland, e-mail: [email protected]

(Received: December , . Accepted: January , )

ABSTRACT. The paper contains a list of vascular plant species recorded in the park at the former estate of a Nazi Gauleiter (governor) Arthur Greiser. A total of vascular plant species were identifi ed, among which were new species for the fl ora of the National Park of Wielkopolska. These include Aesculus pavia, Chaenomeles japonia, Chionodoxa forbesii, Ch. luciliae, Ch. sardensis, Cornus mas, Corydalis solida, Eran- this hyemalis, Euonymus alata, Fallopia aubertii, Forsythia ×intermedia, Galanthus nivalis, Kerria japonica, Narcissus poëticus, Ornithogalum nutans, Poa subcaerulea, Pyracantha coccinea, Rumex thyrsifl orus, Scilla sibirica, Veronica hederifolia s.s., Viburnum lantana, Viola cyanea and Waldsteinia geoides.

KEY WORDS: Wielkopolska, the National Park of Wielkopolska, park, vascular fl ora

INTRODUCTION (covering < % park area), – rare species (-%), – relatively frequent species (-%), – frequent In the period of the German occupation during species (-%), – common species (-%). Ge- WW II a residence was built at the shore of the Górec- ographic-historical status and socio-ecological groups kie Lake for Gauleiter Arthur Greiser, which comprised are presented according to CHMIEL (), with slight a complex of dwelling houses, recreation facilities and modifi cations, while life forms according to Raunkiaer a concrete access road. For this purpose some of the old following ZARZYCKI et AL. (). timber forest and lakeshore brushwood were removed, Nomenclature of species was adopted after MIREK et while thousands of ornamental plants were planted in AL. (). Recorded trees and shrubs were identifi ed by the adjacent park, being a transformed forested area. a specialist, Prof. dr hab. Jerzy Zieliński from the PAS The building of Greiser’s residence after WW II was Institute in Kórnik, to whom I would like to express my taken over by the Society of the Friends of Children, deepest gratitude. which donated it to children, mainly orphans – victims of the war. In later years the State Tuberculosis Preven- tive Sanatorium for Children in Jeziory was established RESULTS in that complex. In on the power of the Poznań provincial governor the residence in Jeziory was allo- A total of species of vascular plants were record- cated for the Directorate of the National Park of Wielko- ed in the park in Jeziory located in the National Park of polska. In the following year the seat of the Directorate Wielkopolska (Table ). was transferred there (ANDERS et AL. ). Very rare species predominate in the frequency spec- The years of geobotanical studies conducted in trum in terms of their numbers. They are represented the National Park of Wielkopolska were summarised by species, i.e. .% total fl ora. The proportion in a monograph by ŻUKOWSKI et AL. (). However, of rare species is also rather high (, which accounts to date the park in Jeziory was not the object of fl oristic for ,% total number of species). In turn, frequent studies. and very frequent species are represented in the small- est numbers, being jointly represented by seven species: Convallaria majalis, Geranium robertianum, Impatiens MATERIALS AND METHODS parvifl ora, Poa nemoralis, Quercus petraea, Rubus se- ebergensis and Veronica sublobata (Table ). Field investigations were conducted in and in Analysis of the proportions of individual vascular (in the spring and summer) throughout the entire plant species in the investigated object in terms of area of the park within limits marked by a -m high wall. their geographic-historical status (GGH) showed that In order to determine the frequency of species the most numerous group comprised native species – a -point scale was applied, where: – very rare species apophytes, represented by species, which accounts A. Czarna

TABLE . Vascular plants in the Jeziory Park located in the National Park of Wielkopolska Fagus sylvatica L. Sp M Fallopia aubertii (L. Henry) Dia N Fre- Holub Taxon quency GGH GFŻ GSE class Forsythia ×intermedia Zabel Dia N

Tree layer Frangula alnus Mill. Sp N

Acer campestre L. Ap M Fraxinus excelsior L. Ap M

Acer platanoides L. Ap M Humulus lupulus L. Sp H

Aesculus hippocastanum L. Ken M Juniperus communis L. Sp N

Aesculus pavia L. Dia M Kerria japonica (L.) DC. Dia N

Betula pendula Roth Ap M Ligustrum vulgare L. Dia N Carpinus betulus L. Sp M Lonicera xylosteum L. Ap N Fagus sylvatica L. Sp M Padus avium Mill. Sp M Fraxinus excelsior L. Ap M Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Ken N Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. Ken M Planch. in A. & C. DC.

Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold Dia M Populus alba L. Ap M

Pinus sylvestris L. Ap M Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Ken M

Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Ken M Prunus spinosa L. Ap N

Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Sp M Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. Dia N Quercus robur L. Sp M Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. Ap M Robinia pseudoacacia L. Ken M Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Sp M Tilia cordata Mill. Ap M Rhamnus cathartica L. Sp N Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Ap M Ribes spicatum E. Robson Sp N Ulmus gabra Huds. Ap M Ribes uva-crispa L. Ken N Ulmus laevis Pall. Ap M Robinia pseudoacacia L. Ken M Shrubby layer Rosa canina L. Ap N Acer campestre L. Ap M Rubus idaeus L. Sp N Acer platanoides L. Ap M Rubus seebergensis Pfuhl ex Sp N Acer pseudoplatanus L. Ap M Sprib.

Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) Ken N Sambucus nigra L. Ap N K. Koch Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun Ken N Carpinus betulus L. Sp M Spiraea ×vanhouttei (Briot) Dia N Cerasus avium (L.) Moench Ken M Zabel

Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Dia N Syringa vulgaris L. Ken N Lindl. ex Spach Taxus baccata L. Dia N Cornus mas L. Dia N Tilia cordata Mill. Ap M Cornus sanguinea L. Sp N

Corylus avellana L. Sp N Ulmus minor Mill. Emend. Ap M Richens Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Ap M Viburnum lantana L. Dia N Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. Dia N Viscum laxum Boiss. Sp Ch Euonymus alata (Thunb.) Dia N Siebold Herb layer

Euonymus europaea L. Ap N Acer platanoides L. juv. Ap M Vascular fl ora in the park at Jeziory in the National Park of Wielkopolska

TABLE – cont. Convallaria majalis L. Sp G Convolvulus arvensis L. Ap G Achillea millefolium L. s.s. Ap G Conyza canadensis (L.) Ken T Adoxa moschatellina L. Sp G Conquist

Aegopodium podagraria L. Sp H Coronilla varia L. Ap H

Ajuga reptans L. Sp H Corydalis intermedia (L.) Mérat Sp G

Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Ap T Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. Sp G Cavara & Grande Dactylis glomerata L. Ap H Allium scorodoprasum L. Ken G

Allium vineale L. Ap G Dactylis polygama Horv. Sp H

Anemone neomorosa L. Sp G Dryopteris cathusiana (Vill.) Sp H H.P. Fuchs Anemone ranunculoides L. Sp G Dryopteris fi lix-mas (L.) Schott Sp H Anthericum ramosum L. Sp H Elymus caninus (L.) L. Sp G Anthoxanthum odoratum L. s.s. Ap H Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Dia G Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Ap T

Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Ap T Erophila verna (L.) Cheall. Ap T

Arctium tomentosum Mill. Ap T Euphorbia cyparissias L. Ap H

Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Ap T Fagus sylvatica L. juv. Sp M

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Ap H Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve Arch T Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. Sp H Artemisia campestris L. Ap H Festuca rubra L. s.s. Ap H Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Ap H Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Ap H Atriplex patula L. Ap T Krajina Ballota nigra L. Arch H Ficaria verna Huds. Sp G Bromus benekenii (Lange) Sp H Trimen Fragaria vesca L. Sp H

Bromus hordeaceus L. Ap T Gagea arvensis (Pers.) Dumort. Arch G

Bromus sterilis L. Arch T Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. Sp G

Campanula rapunculoides L. Ap H Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. Ap G

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Arch T Galanthus nivalis L. Dia G Medik. Galeobdolon luteum Huds. Sp H Carex digitata L. Sp H

Carex ericetorum Pollich Ap H Galeopsis tetrahit L. Ap T

Carex hirta L. Ap G Galium aparine L. Ap T

Carex spicata Huds. Ap H Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. Sp H

Cerastium holosteoides Fr. Ap H Geranium molle L. Ken T emend. Hyl. Geranium pusillum Burm. Arch T Cerastium semidecandrum L. Ap T F. ex L. Chaerophyllum temulum L. Ap T Geranium robertianum L. Sp T Cheidonium majus L. Ap H Geum urbanum L. Ap H Chionodoxa forbesii Baker Dia G in J. Linn. Glechoma hederacea L. Ap H

Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss. Dia G Hedera helix L. Ap Ch

Chionodoxa sardensis Whittall Dia G Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Ap H ex Barr & Sugden Moench A. Czarna

TABLE – cont. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Sp G Druce

Heracleum sibiricum L. Ap H Potentilla arenaria Borkh. Ap H

Hieracium murorum L. Sp H Potentilla argentea L. s.s. Ap H

Hieracium pilosella L. Ap H Primula veris L. Sp H

Holcus lanatus L. Ap H Pterydium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Sp G

Holcus mollis L. Ap G Ranunculus auricomus L. s.l. Sp H

Hypochoeris radicata L. Ap H Rumex acetosa L. Ap H

Impatiens parvifl ora DC. Ken T Rumex acetosella L. Ap G

Lactuca serriola L. Arch T Rumex obtusifolius L. Ap H Lamium purpureum L. Arch T Rumex thyrsifl orus Fingerh. Ap H Lapsana communis L. s.s. Ap T Sanicula europaea L. Sp H Lathyrus pratensis (L.) Bernh. Sp G Scilla sibirica Haw. Dia G Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. Sp G Scrophularia nodosa L. Sp H Lilium martagon L. Sp G Sedum maximum (L.) Hoff m. Sp G Maianthemum bifolium (L.) Sp G F.W. Schmidt Sedum sexangulare L. Sp H

Medicago lupulina L. Ap H Senecio jacobaea L. Ap H

Melandrium album (Mill.) Ap H Silene conica L. Ken T Garcke Silene nutans L. Sp H Melica nutans L. Sp H Solidago vigaurea L. s.s. Sp H Melica unifl ora Retz. Sp H Stachys sylvatica L. Sp H Millium eff usum L. Sp H Stellaria holostea L. Sp H Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv. Sp H

Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. Sp H Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Ap T

Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill Arch T Stellaria pallida (Dunort.) Piré Ap T

Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. Ap T Taraxacum offi cinale Web. Ap H & Hoff m. Trifolium alpestre L. Ap H Narcissus poëticus L. Dia G Trifolium arvense L. Ap T Oenothera biennis L. s.s. Ap T Trifolium dubium Sibth. Ap T Ornithogalum nutans L. Dia G Trifolium repens L. Ap H Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Ken G Urtica dioica L. Ap H Oxalis fontana Bunge Ken T Verbascum lychnitis L. Ap T Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Sp H Moench Veronica arvensis L. Ap T

Plantago lanceolata L. Ap H Veronica chamaedrys L. s.s. Ap H Plantago major L. s.s. Ap H Veronica hederifolia L. s.s. Arch T Poa annua L. Ap T Veronica offi cinalis L. Ap H Poa nemoralis L. Sp H Veronica sublobata M.A. Fisch. Ap T Poa pratensis L. s.s. Ap H Veronica triphyllos L. Arch T Poa subcaerulea Sm. Sp H Vicia cassubica L. Sp G Poa trivialis L. Ap H Vinca minor L. Dia Ch Polygonatum multifl orum (L.) Sp G All. Viola arvensis Murray Arch T Vascular fl ora in the park at Jeziory in the National Park of Wielkopolska

TABLE – cont. TABLE . Proportions of species in individual frequency classes recorded in the Jeziory Park located in the National Park of Wielkopolska Viola cyanea Čelak. Ken H Number of Frequency class % Viola odorata L. Ken H species

Viola reichenbachiana Jord. Sp H Very rare . ex Moreau Rare . Viola rivinana Rchb. Sp H Moderately frequent . Viscaria vulgaris Röhl. Ap H Frequent . Waldsteinia geoides Willd. Dia H Very frequent

Frequency classes: – very rare (covering < % park area), – Total rare (-%), – moderately frequent (-%), – frequent (-%), – very frequent (-%); GFŻ (life forms): C – non-woody chamaephytes, Ch – woody chamaephytes, G – geophytes, H – hemicryptophytes, Hel – TABLE . Proportions of geographic-historical status helophytes, M – megaphanerophytes, N – nanophanerophytes, groups in the Jeziory Park located in the National Park of T – therophytes; Wielkopolska GGH (geographic-historical status): Ap – apophytes, Arch – archaeophytes, Dia – diaphytes, Ken – kenophytes, Sp (GGH) Geographic- Number of – spontaneophytes; % GSE (socio-ecological groups): − fertile broad-leaved forests -historical status species and shrub communities (Fagetalia, Prunetalia), − acidophil- Apophytes . ous or xerothermic oak forests, mixed coniferous forests and their substitute shrub, herb or grassland communities (Quer- Spontaneophytes . cion robori-petraeae, Quercion petraeae, Epilobion, Nardetalia), − nitrophilous shrub or herb communities (Sambuco-Sali- Archaeophytes . cion, Alliarion), – xerothermic herb or grassland communi- ties (Trifolio-Geranietea, Festuco-Brometea), – pine forests Kenophytes . or sandy grassland (Dicrano-Pinion, Sedo-Scleranthetea, Cory- Diaphytes . nephoretea), – swamp alder forests, woodless fens, bogs and intermediate mires (Alnion, Magnocaricion, Caricetalia fuscae, Total Sphagnion fusci), – riparian forests and thickets, reeds and aquatic vegetation (Salicion, Phragmition, Glycerio-Sparganion, Potamogetonetea, Lemnetea, Utricularietea), – humid mead- ows and tall herb communities (Molinietalia), – fresh and TABLE . Proportions of life forms in the Jeziory Park lo- moderately humid meadows (Arrhenatheretalia), – nitrophi- cated in the National Park of Wielkopolska lous fl oodplains and treaded communities (Plantaginetea), – salt marshes and halophilous grasslands (Thero-Salicornietea, Number of Asteretea trifolium), – therophyte communities on wet and (GFŻ) Life form % humid sites (Bidentetea, Nanocyperion), – mesophilous species communities of tall perennials (Arction), – xerothermic, Megaphanerophyt . perennial ruderal communities (Onopordon), – temporal, pioneer ruderal communities (Sisymbrion, Eragrostion), – Nanophanerophyt . weed communities of gardens and root crop fi elds (Polygo- no-Chenopodietalia), – weed communities of cereal fi elds Non-woody chamaephyt (Aperetalia), – epilithic communities (Asplenietea), – spe- cies of unknown phytosociological affi liation. Woody chamaephyt . Hemicryptophyt .

Geophyt . for .%. Spontaneophytes were also numerous ( Therophyte . species, i.e. .%). In the park there were species classifi ed as kenophytes (.% total fl ora) and spe- Total cies belonging to archeophytes (.%). A relatively high proportion was also found for alien species – diaphytes, with species, i.e. .% (Table ). Species recorded in the analysed area constitute an In the division into socio-ecological groups (GSE) incomplete spectrum of Raunkiaer’s life forms. The most an individual scale of tolerance and preferences to- numerous group comprised hemicryptophytes, with wards site conditions was taken into consideration. species, accounting for .% total fl ora. A consider- These groups comprise species found under similar site able proportion of therophytes ( species) and geo- conditions, determined by natural and anthropogenic phytes ( species) was also recorded. A total of and factors. The socio-ecological structure is presented in species, respectively, were classifi ed to mega- and Table . The biggest proportion among socio-ecological nanophanerophytes (Table ). groups in the park was recorded for plants typical of A. Czarna fertile broadleaved forests and shrub communities – coccinea, Viburnum lantana and herbaceous species: species, amounting to .%. The species of plants Chionodoxa forbesii, Ch. luciliae, Ch. sardensis, Coryda- growing in acidophilous oak forest, therothermic oak lis solida, Eranthis hyemalis, Galanthus nivalis, Narcissus forests, mixed coniferous forests and substitute sites poëticus, Ornithogalum nutans, Poa subcaerulea, Rumex – clearing, meadow and turf communities, ranked sec- thyrsifl orus, Scilla sibirica, Veronica hederifolia s.s., Vio- ond. Approximately species each were recorded for la cyanea and Waldsteinia geoides. Thus the number of nitrophilous shrub and herb ecotone forest edge com- species recorded in the National Park of Wielkopolska munities (group ), pine forests and sandy grassland changed from to . Among the reported species (group ), fresh and moderately humid meadows (group there are three new for the synanthropic fl ora of Poland, ), weed communities of gardens and root crop fi elds i.e. Chionodoxa forbesii, Ch. luciliae and Ch. sardensis. (group ) and species of unknown phytosociological There species propagate from seeds, which are spread affi liation (group ) (Table ). by ants, as they are equipped with elaiosomes. These plants are found in the forest part of the park in the front of the palace. TABLE . Proportions of socio-ecological groups in the Je- The above mentioned new species for the National ziory Park located in the National Park of Wielkopolska Park of Wielkopolska originate mostly from old plant- ings. Only the shrub layer could have been enriched at a later date, the same being also true for the Eranthis (GSE) Socio-ecological Number of % group species hyemalis and Corydalis solida clusters, which due to the small areas covered with these plants may have origi- . nated from later plantings. . Species recorded in the park include also other spe- cies coming from plantings and having already known . stands in the National Park of Wielkopolska (ŻUKOWSKI . et AL. ), such as Aesculus hippocastanum, Allium scorodoprasum, Corydalis intermedia, Hedera helix, Li- . gustrum vulgare, Ornithogalum umbellatum, Partheno- . cissus quinquefolia, Polygonatum multifl orum, Prunus . cerasifera, Sorbaria sorbifolia, Spiraea ×vanhouttei, Taxus baccata, Vinca minor and Viola odorata. . . REFERENCES . ANDERS P., KASPRZAK K., RASZKA B. (): Wielkopol- . ski Park Narodowy. Wydawnictwo WBP, Poznań. CHMIEL J. (): Flora roślin naczyniowych wschodniej . części Pojezierza Gnieźnieńskiego i jej antropoge- . niczne przeobrażenia w wieku XIX i XX. Part . Atlas rozmieszczenia roślin. Wyd. Sorus, Poznań. . MIREK Z., PIĘKOŚ-MIRKOWA H., ZAJĄC A., ZAJĄC M. . (): Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Po- . land. A checklist. Vol. . Biodiversity of Poland. Krytyczna lista roślin naczyniowych Polski. T. . Różnorodność biologiczna Polski. W. Szafer Insti- . tute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ZARZYCKI K., TRZCIŃSKA-TACIK H., RÓŻAŃSKI W., Total SZELĄG Z., WOŁEK J., KORZENIAK U. (): Ekolo- giczne liczby wskaźnikowe roślin naczyniowych Pol- Legend as in Table . ski. Vol. . Biodiversity of Poland. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków. ŻUKOWSKI W., LATOWSKI K., JACKOWIAK B., CHMIEL J. CONCLUSION (): Rośliny naczyniowe Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego. Pr. Zakł. Takson. Rośl. UAM Pozn. . The paper presents the current composition of vas- Bogucki Wyd. Nauk., Poznań. cular fl ora observed in the park in Jeziory. A total of vascular plant species were recorded, including trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. For citation: Czarna A. (): Vascular fl ora in the park The analysed park contributed to enrichment of fl ora at Jeziory in the National Park of Wielkopolska. Rocz. AR in the National Park of Wielkopolska with the following Pozn. , Bot.-Stec. : -. tree species: Aesculus pavia, shrub species: Chaenomeles japonica, Cornus mas, Euonymus alata, Fallopia auber- tii, Forsythia ×intermedia, Kerria japonica, Pyracantha