Phytosociological Research Center www.globalbioclimatics.org Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System S.Rivas−Martinez(+) & S.Rivas−Saenz (Adapted to Synoptical Table 14/02/2020)

XUZHOU () Altitude: 3 m. Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Temperature observation period.: 1972−1980 (9) Rainfall observation period....: 1972−1980 (9)

(C/mm) Ti Mi mi M’i m’i EPi Jan. −1.40 3.30 −6.10 17.20 −16.70 13.0 0.00 Feb. 1.40 6.70 −3.90 22.20 −18.30 18.0 1.07 Mar. 7.50 14.40 0.60 31.70 −8.90 20.0 18.55 Apr. 13.30 20.00 6.70 33.30 −2.80 61.0 48.94 May. 20.00 27.20 12.80 38.90 1.10 48.0 103.24 Jun. 25.30 32.20 18.30 40.60 11.10 112.0 150.17 Jul. 28.10 34.40 21.70 41.10 13.90 127.0 180.93 Aug. 26.70 32.20 21.10 39.40 10.00 135.0 159.04 Sep. 21.70 28.30 15.00 36.10 3.30 81.0 100.92 Oct. 15.60 22.80 8.30 32.80 −2.20 25.0 56.16 Nov. 8.10 15.00 1.10 18.30 −14.40 20.0 17.72 Dec. 2.00 6.70 −2.80 18.30 −16.10 33.0 1.88 Year 14.03 20.27 7.73 30.82 −3.33 693 838.61

BIOCLIMATIC INDICES AND DIAGNOSIS Thermicity index...... (It): 112 Compensated thermicity index...... (Itc): 270 Simple continentality index...... (Ic): 29.5 Diurnality index...... (Id): 14.5 Annual ombrothermic index...... (Io): 4.01 Monthly estival ombrothermic index...... (Ios1): 4.43 Bimonthly estival ombrothermic index...... (Ios2): 4.78 Threemonthly estival ombrothermic index.....(Ios3): 4.67 Fourmonthly estival ombrothermic index...... (Ios4): 4.22 Annual ombro−evaporation index...... (Ioe): 0.83 Annual positive temperature...... (Tp): 1697 Annual negative temperature...... (Tn): 14 Estival temperature...... (Ts): 801 Positive precipitation...... (Pp): 680 N. of P>4T P:2T−4T PT−2T P

1 (CHINA) 3 m P= 693 34° 17’N 117° 10’E 9/9 y. T= 14.0° Ic= 29.5 Tp= 1697 Tn= 14 m= −6.1° M= 3.3 ° Itc= 270 Io= 4.0

M’= 41.1°

m’= −18.3°

TEMPERATE CONTINENTAL UPPER MESOTEMPERATE LOW SUBHUMID

WATER INDEX CARD XUZHOU (CHINA) Altitude: 3 m. Latitude: 34° 17’N

(C/mm) T PE P VR R RE DF SP DR HC Jan. −1.4 0 13 13 46 0 0 0 0 * Feb. 1.4 1 18 17 63 1 0 0 0 15.8 Mar. 7.5 19 20 1 65 19 0 0 0 0.0 Apr. 13.3 49 61 12 77 49 0 0 0 0.2 May. 20.0 103 48 −55 22 103 0 0 0 −0.5 Jun. 25.3 150 112 −22 0 134 17 0 0 −0.2 Jul. 28.1 181 127 0 0 127 54 0 0 −0.2 Aug. 26.7 159 135 0 0 135 24 0 0 −0.1 Sep. 21.7 101 81 0 0 81 20 0 0 −0.1 Oct. 15.6 56 25 0 0 25 31 0 0 −0.5 Nov. 8.1 18 20 2 2 18 0 0 0 0.1 Dec. 2.0 2 33 31 33 2 0 0 0 16.5 Year 14.0 839 693 * * 693 146 0 0 *

R = Reserve VR = Variation of the reserve RE = Real evapotranspiration DR = Drainage HC = coeficient DF = Deficit SP = Superavit

XUZHOU (CHINA) 34°17’N 117°10’E 3 m 9/9 y. T= 14.0 Ic= 29.5 TEMPERATE CONTINENTAL m= −6.1 Tp= 1697 UPPER MESOTEMPERATE M= 3.3 Tn= 14 LOW SUBHUMID M’= 41.1 Itc= 270 m’= −18.3 Io= 4.0 P= 693 mm PE= 839 mm

Imbibing 28 Oct. Saturation Reserve Use 6 Apr. Deficit 17 Jun.

DJFMAMJJASOND

2 XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m SUMMARY OF RIVAS−MARTINEZ CLASSIFICATION Continentality Index [C3a] + Type ...... : C. Continental + Subtype ...... : 3. Eucontinental + Variant ...... : a. Low Thermic types [A3.B4] + Latitudinal zone ....: A. Warm + Latitudinal belt ....: 3. Subtropical + Thermic type ...... : B. Temperate + Thermic subtype .....: 4. Temperate Bioclimatic types [C2.3a.6b] + Macrobioclimate .....: C. TEMPERATE + Bioclimate ...... : 2. CONTINENTAL + Bioclimatic variant .: + Thermic type...... : 3. MESOTEMPERATE + Thermic subtype...... : a. UPPER + Ombrothermic type ...: 6. SUBHUMID + Ombrothermic subtype : b. LOW Bioclimatic Classification ...... Teco.Mte.Shu.Euc

XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m PRECIPITATION PARAMETERS Warmest semester of the year...... (Pss): 528 Coldest semester of the year...... (Psw): 165 Warmest four months period of the year...... (Pcm1): 455 Following warmest four months period...... (Pcm2): 91 Positive precipitation dryest 3 months...... (Ppd): 38 Positive precipitation dryest 2 months...... (Ppd2): 18 Positive precipitation dryest 1 month...... (Ppd1): 0 Positive precipitation warmest 3 months...... (Pps): 374 Positive precipitation warmest 2 months...... (Pps2): 262 Positive precipitation warmest 1 month...... (Pps1): 127 Positive precipitation coldest 3 months...... (Ppw): 51 Positive precipitation coldest 2 months...... (Ppw2): 18 Positive precipitation coldest 1 month...... (Ppw1): 0 Winter Spring Summer Automn Seasons Tr1−W Tr2−P Tr3−S Tr4−F Rainfall 64 129 374 126 Seasonal rainfall rhythms: S > P > F > W

XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS Average warmest month [T]...... (Tmax): 28.1 Average coldest month [T]...... (Tmin): −1.4 Maximum temp. warmest month [M]...... (Tmmax): 34.4 Minimum temp. coldest month [m]...... (Tmmin): −6.1 Absolute Max.temp. warmest month [M’]...... (Tamax): 41.1 Absolute Min.temp. coldest month [m’]...... (Tamin): −18.3 First warmest contrasted month [M]...... (Tcmax): 22.8 (10) First coldest contrasted month [m]...... (Tcmin): 8.3 (10) Estival temperature...... (Ts): 801 Positive temperature dryest 3 months...... (Tpd): 89 Positive temperature dryest 2 months...... (Tpd2): 14 Positive temperature dryest 1 month...... (Tpd1): 0 Positive temperature warmest 3 months...... (Tps): 801 Positive temperature warmest 2 months...... (Tps2): 548 Positive temperature warmest 1 month...... (Tps1): 281 Positive temperature coldest 3 months...... (Tpw): 34 Positive temperature coldest 2 months...... (Tpw2): 14 Positive temperature coldest 1 month...... (Tpw1): 0

3 XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m SEASONAL PARAMETERS

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Warmest semester...(Sms) o o o o o o Dryest semester....(Smd) o o o o o o Warmest 4 months...(Cm1) o o o o Dryest 4 months....(Cmd) o o o o Vegetation Activity(Pav) o o o o o o o o o Ultragelid...[M’<=0](Pf) Hypergelid...[M <=0](Pf) Gelid...... [T <=0](Pf) o Subgelid.....[m <=0](Pf) o o o Pregelid.....[m’<=0](Pf) o o o o o o o Agelid...... [m’> 0](Pf) o o o o o HiperAgelid..[all>0](Pf) o o o o o

XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m OMBROTHERMIC PARAMETERS Annual aridity index.[PE/P]...... (Iar): 1.21 Mediterranean index of July.[PE/P]...... (Im1): 1.42 Mediterranean index of July & August...... (Im2): 1.30 Mediterranean index of June, July & August....(Im3): 1.31

Months Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Pp(x10) 330 * 180 200 610 480 1120 1270 1350 810 250 200 Tp 20 * 14 75 133 200 253 281 267 217 156 81 Io (Iom) 16.5 * 12.9 2.67 4.59 2.40 4.43 4.52 5.06 3.73 1.60 2.47 Seasons Winter Spring Summer Automn Pp(x10)/Tp */* 1290 / 408 3740 / 801 1260 / 454 Io (Iot) * 3.162 4.669 2.775 Semesters December−May June−November Pp(x10)/Tp */* 5000 / 1255 Io (Iosm) * 3.984

XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m Aridity Value Index (AVI) [10xPP/TP=IO]: 6800/1697=4.01 There is No Yearly Aridity

Months Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Pp [P*10] 330 * 180 200 610 480 1120 1270 1350 810 250 200 Tp [T*10] 20 * 14 75 133 200 253 281 267 217 156 81 Iom [Pp/Tp] $$ !! $$ 267 459 240 443 452 506 373 160 247 Avm [200−Iom] *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 40 *** Seasons Winter Spring Summer Automn Pp / Tp * / * 1290 / 408 3740 / 801 1260 / 454 Iot [Pp/Tp] ** 316 467 278 Avs E[Avm<200] *** *** *** *** Strong upper semiarid [1]

4 XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m BIOCLIMATIC INDICES I CI of Supan (1884) [Tmax−Tmin] ...... (Sp): 29.50 CI of Gorezinski (1920) [1.7*Sp/sin(Lat)−20.4] ...... : 68.63 CI of Conrad (1946) [1.7*Sp/sin(Lat+10)−14] ...... : 57.83 + Subcontinental (40R>40) Aridity Index of Martonne (1926) [Ia=P/(T+10)] ...... : 28.84 + Subhumid (30>Ia>20) I of Emberger (1930) [Q=100*P/(Tmmax²−Tmmin²)] ...... : 60.46 + Subhumid (90>Q>50) I of Dantin & Revenga (1940) [DR=100*T/P] ...... : 2.02 + Semiarid (3>DR>2) Aridity Index of UNEP [I=P/PE] ...... : 0.83 + Humid (I>0.65) Potencial Erosion I of Fournier (1960) [K=Pi²/P].....: 26.30 + Very low (K<60)

XUZHOU (CHINA) Latitude: 34°17’N Longitude: 117°10’E Altitude: 3 m BIOCLIMATIC INDICES II Bioclimatic classification of Gaussen & Bagnouls (1957) + Climate ....: B. Cold and temperate cold + Region .....: 10. Psicroxeroteric (Submediterranean) + Thermic type: 4. Mesothermic Thornthwaite (1948) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. P−E ratio 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.29 0.18 0.42 0.45 0.50 0.32 0.10 0.10 0.22 T−E ratio 0.00 0.63 3.38 5.99 9.00 11.38 12.65 12.02 9.77 7.02 3.65 0.90 Precipitation−effectiveness: 28.80 Temperature−efficiency ....: 76.37 Moisture Index [MI=100*(P−PE)/PE] ...... : −17.36 + C1.Subhumid dry (−33.3

CHINA °C 34°17’N / 117°10’E / 3 m 400 34.4 XUZHOU 300 −6.1 [9−9] +14.0 °C 693.0 mm 200 50 100 90 40 80 70 30 60 50 20 40 30 10 20 10 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D mm −10

5 CHINA °C 34°17’N / 117°10’E / 3 m 34.4 XUZHOU −6.1 [9−9] +14.0 °C 693.0 mm 50 Mean Max Mean min Abs Max 40 Abs Min

30

20

10

0 JFMAMJJASOND −10 −20

CHINA 34°17’N / 117°10’E / 3 m XUZHOU Period T−P [9−9] Thornthwaite Thornthwaite T−E Ratio P−E Ratio 30 3.0

25 2.5

20 2.0

15 1.5

10 1.0

5 0.5

0 0.0 JFMAMJJASOND

CHINA 34°17’N / 117°10’E / 3 m XUZHOU Period T−P [9−9] Mediterranean Ombrothermic Index [PE/P] Index [P/T] 15.0 30

12.5 25

10.0 20

7.5 15

5.0 10

2.5 5

0.0 0 JFMAMJJASOND

6