The Effect of the Main Character's Life Pressures
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THE EFFECTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER’S LIFE PRESSURES AS SEEN IN CHUCK PALAHNIUK’S FIGHT CLUB AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By KRISTI HAPSARI Student Number: 014214002 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2007 DEDICATION PAGE I dedicated this work to my beloved parents. Life is not that easy We need pain to gain something (Anonymous) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my lord Jesus Christ. I believe that I will not be able to finish this thesis without His blessing. I realize that many people have given their help for me in finishing this thesis. Now, I would like to express my gratitude for their guidance and support for me in finishing this thesis. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Dra. Th. Enny Anggraini, M.A. I am very grateful for the long hours she spent in guiding me to accomplish this thesis. I also express my deepest gratitude to my Co-advisors, Dewi Widyastuti, S. Pd., M.Hum. for helping me to check the grammar of my thesis. I also thank to all of my lecturers who have taught me and given me useful knowledge during my study in Sanata Dharma University. I am sincerely grateful to my beloved parents Sahir S.R. and Lucia S., and also to my grandmother. Their love, patience, support, and guidance in every second of my life have given me a spirit to finish it. I also thank my brothers Mas Wid, Mas Thole who helps me with the computer and my sisters Mba’ Kun, Mba’ Ini who always support me with the money, Mba’ Isti, Mba’ Widi for their guidance, and support. I thank my nephew Putut for the printer, my cute nephew Nico, and also Nyunyun, Togle & Midhu for the joy in my life. My gratitude goes to my savior Titus Tunjung Sigit Pambudi, S. Pd., who has given his times in the last 3 years to share this world with me, to accompany me in happiness, pain and sorrow. I also thank to Nicole Elizabeth Davill for correcting my grammar, giving me support to finish this thesis, and being my friend to share. I would like to thank all of my friends. I thank my best friends of 2001ers, Poe3, Ayu, Heny, Ririn for the joys and laughter in my life, and also Galih for the thesis, Mas Aji (PBI) for the novel, Mas Yoyok (PBI), and Mas Sigit (TM) for the useful sharing, Eva (Atma) for her support and great times at home, Agatha (Atma), Tyas, Indah for the good memories, all my friends in Mudika and my students in Nglengkong, Kulonprogo. I thank you very much for the happiness through these years. May God bless them all! Kristi Hapsari TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………. i APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………….. ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS ……………………………….. …………. iii DEDICATION PAGE ………………………………………………… iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………… v TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………… vii ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………… viii ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………….. ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study ………………………………….……….. 1 B. Problem Formulation …………………………………………... 3 C. Objectives of Study ……………………………………………. 4 D. Definition of Terms ……………………………………………. 4 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW A. Review of Related Studies ……………………………………… 8 B. Review of Related Theories …………………………………….. 10 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ……………..…….. 10 2. Theory of Psychology a. Theory of Stress …………………………………… 13 b. Theory of Multiple Personality Disorder …………….. 14 c. Theory of Insomnia …………………………………… 16 C. Theoretical Framework …………….…………………………….. 17 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study …………………………………………….. 19 B. Approach ……………………………………………………….. 20 C. Method of the Study ……………………………………………. 20 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS A. The Main Character’s Characteristics …………………………… 23 B. The Main Character’s Life Pressures ……………………………. 28 D. The Effects of the Main Character’s Life Pressures …………….. 36 1. Insomnia ………………………………………………………. 36 2. Multiple Personality Disorder ………………………………… 38 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION …………………………………………. 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………. 52 APPENDIX The Summary of Fight Club …………………………………………….. 55 ABSTRACT Kristi Hapsari. The Effects of the Main Character’s Life Pressures as Seen in Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, University of Sanata Dharma, 2007. This study deals with the effects of the main character’s life pressures as seen in Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club. There are three questions within this research. The first question is what are the main character’s characteristics, the second question is what kinds of life pressures experienced by the main character of Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club and the third question is what are the effects of the main character’s life pressures. The questions are formulated to find out the main character’s characteristics, his life pressures and the effects of the main character’s life pressures. In conducting this study, two basic sources, the primary source and the secondary source are used. The primary source is the novel entitled Fight Club written by Chuck Palahniuk and the secondary sources are books on character and characterization theory, books on psychological theories and some sources from internet websites. The psychological approach is used to see the main character’s life pressures and also the effects of the main character’s life pressures. Theories of character and characterization are used to analyze the main character’s characteristics. Theories of psychology are used to analyze the main character’s life pressures and the effects of the main character’s life pressures. The result of the first analysis is about the main character’s characteristics. He likes to force himself to do things he does not enjoy, has eagerness to reach better life and has high hopes. He is also perfectionist, easily influenced, lavish, weak, stupid, and unsociable. The second analysis is about the main character’s life pressures that are influenced by his characteristics. The first pressure is financial difficulty influenced by lavish, forcing himself, perfectionist and easily influenced characteristics. Second, he experiences daily fatigue influenced by forcing himself and eagerness to reach better life characteristics. Third, he has weak and stupid characteristics. Fourth, he is a victim of consumptive lifestyle because of his easily influenced characteristic. Fifth, he is a victim of exploitation influenced by forcing himself and having desire to reach a better life characteristics. Sixth, he is companionless. The third analysis is about the effects of the main character’s life pressures. First, he suffers from insomnia. He shows the symptoms, like awakening at night and at early in the morning, difficult to asleep and daytime fatigue. Second, he suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder. He has other personality, namely Tyler Durden. They have different behaviors, social relationships, perceptions, associations, characteristics and memories. He also shows the symptoms of Multiple Personality Disorder. He shows anxiety, hysterical, and affective symptoms. ABSTRAK Kristi Hapsari. The Effects of the Main Character’s Life Pressures as Seen in Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club. Yogayakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2007. Skripsi ini membahas akibat dari tekanan-tekanan hidup yang dialami oleh tokoh utama seperti yang terlihat pada novel Fight Club karya Chuck Palahniuk. Ada tiga pertanyaan yang terdapat dalam skripsi ini. Pertanyaan pertama adalah karakter-karakter apa saja yang dimiliki oleh tokoh utama, pertanyaan kedua adalah tekanan-tekanan hidup seperti apa yang dialami oleh tokoh utama dalam novel Fight Club karya Chuck Palahniuk dan pertanyaan ketiga adalah apa akibat dari tekanan-tekanan hidup yang dialami oleh tokoh utama. Ketiga pertanyaan tersebut diajukan untuk mencapai tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini. Tujuan tersebut adalah untuk mengetahui karakter-karakter tokoh utama, tekanan- tekanan hidupnya dan akibat yang dihasilkan karena tekanan-tekanan hidupnya tersebut. Ada dua sumber informasi utama yang digunakan dalam mengerjakan skripsi ini. Sumber informasi tersebut adalah sumber informasi utama dan sumber informasi kedua. Sumber informasi utama adalah novel karya Chuck Palahniuk yang berjudul Fight Club dan sumber informasi kedua adalah buku tentang teori karakter dan pengkarakteran dan buku-buku tentang teori-teori psikologi. Pendekatan psikologi digunakan untuk membahas tekanan-tekanan hidup tokoh utama dan akibat dari tekanan-tekanan hidupnya. Teori karakter dan pengkarakteran digunakan untuk membantu menganalisa karakter-karakter tokoh utama. Teori-teori psikologi digunakan untuk manganalisa tekanan-tekanan hidup tokoh utama dan akibat dari tekanan-tekanan hidupnya tersebut. Hasil dari analisa pertama menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama adalah orang yang suka memaksakan diri untuk melakukan sesuatu hal yang tidak dia sukai, ingin mencapai kehidupan yang lebih baik, mempunyai terlalu banyak keinginan, menginginkan kesempurnaan, mudah terpengaruh, boros, lemah, bodoh, dan sulit bergaul. Analisis kedua adalah tentang tekanan-tekanan hidup tokoh utama yang dipengaruhi oleh karakter-karakternya. Pertama, dia mengalami kesulitan keuangan, yang dipengaruhi oleh karakternya yang boros, mamaksakan diri, menginginkan kesempurnaan, dan mudah terpengaruh. Kedua, dia mengalami kelelahan setiap harinya, yang dipengaruhi oleh karakternya yang suka memaksakan diri dan