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Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 Corresponding Author’s Email:[email protected] farming the by followed be to diversification crop government is taking number of initiatives like and unsustainable day byday. Inthisdirection, remunerative due toincreased cost ofcultivation of whichagriculture in Punjab is becoming less water as well deterioration of soilhealth, as result which hasresultedindepletion of underground The major crop rotation in Punjab is paddy-wheat Key Words: Croppingsequence,pH,EC,Organic carbon,Phosphorus,Potassium,Soilfertility. trend withtheincreasedcropintensity from paddy-wheattopaddy-potato/vegetable-summer crop. wheat cropping sequence. On the other hand, pH, EC and available potassium showed a decreasing to application of higher inorganic fertilizers and incorporation of plant biomass as compared to paddy- sequence. The OC andavailable phosphorus exhibited a positive correlation with cropping intensity due potassium waslowinpaddy-wheatcroppingsequenceascomparedtovegetable and potatobasedcropping institutes. However, contrast trends wereobtained in caseofavailable potassium status because uptake of sequence due toexcessive phosphatic fertilizers application as compared to recommendations of research to notethat highest available phosphorus content was foundinthesoilunderpotato based cropping Bhagwanpur (72%), Kheeranwali (55%), Swal and Bhetan (45%) and Boolpur (44%). It was interested the villages. The highstatusofavailable potassium wasfoundinKhukrainvillage (92%) followedby OC category. The mean values ofavailable were 16.7to24.2kg/hainsoilsamplesofall phosphorus 0.32 to 1.07 per cent with mean value of 0.64 per cent and only 12 per cent of samples were under low ranging from found tocontainlowOCcontentwhereasthesoilsofBoolpurwereberichin samples rangedbetweenlowtomedium.Inlighttexturedsoils,54percentofBhetanwere with a range varying from 0.3 to 1.9ds/m. It was foundthat organic carbon (OC) status of majority of and Boolpurshowedhighersalinitylevel,respectively. The meanvalueofECinBoolpur was0.76ds/m in village Bhagwanpur, MeripurandBhetan,however, 42and36percentsamplesinvillage Khukrain to bestronglyalkaline (>9.3) followedbyKheeranwali village (15 %). The salinity hazard does notexist the highest mean pHvalue was fromvillage Khukrain where 31 percent of the soil samples were found neutral toslightlyalkaline in nature(<8.7),however,samples ofBhagwanpurandBhetanvillageswas of soilsinall the villages varied from neutral to stronglyalkaline (6.79 to9.87). The pHofall the soil of augerafter the harvesting of the Kapurthala and Sultanpurwereselected. The soilsamplesweretaken from 0-15cmdepthwiththehelp in thedistrict. blocks Bhetan, Boolpur, Kheeranwali, Khukrain, Meripur and Swal, falling under three blocks namely Dhilwan, of different villages different in followed The present study wasundertaken to assess the fertility status of soil put under various cropping sequences Assessment ofSoilFertilityStatusunder Different Cropping INTRODUCTION Gobinder Singh,ManojSharma,Jatinder MananandGurmeetSingh Sequences inDistrictKapurthala Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Kapurthala-144620(Punjab) J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 rabi cropsduring2014-15,usingthe GPS locations. The pH values ABSTRACT summer moong(Vigna radiata ), seasonalsummer Helianthus ( annuus ), sunflower maize (Zea mays ), and eachblockhasaparticularcroppingsequence. under cultivation. There are5blocksin thedistrict hectares, out of which, 1.12 thousand hectares is Kapurthala having an area of 1.67thousand production andproductivity. Fortunately, district community of Punjab,inordertomaintain crop Farmers inthearea are cultivating spring

Seven villages namely Bhagwanpur, DOI :10.5958/2349-4433.2016.00023.4 1 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 2 blocks namely Dhilwan,KapurthalaandSultanpur. Khukrain, Meripurand Swal, falling under three Bhagwanpur, Bhetan, Boolpur, Kheeranwali, physico-chemical propertiesofthesoil. on impact its and district the in blocks different of villages various different of in followed effects sequences cropping the down note to undertaken lacking. was Therefore, thepresentstudywas followed by the farmers onthe soil fertility status sequences cropping various of effect the regarding soiland crop management practices. However, information bydifferent or use fertilizer different by view ofchangesinfertility levels, conditioned research workers, particularly from thepoint of promoting theirrespective programme andto fertilizer industries and extension workers in The dataalsoareofusetofertilizer association, region. different in consumption and distribution or district and determining thepolicy of fertilizer, and amount of fertilizer most suitable in each area administrators and plannerindecidingthekind level. Such soilfertility summaries are usefulto respective block anddistrictonanallIndia and needtobeeducatedforpreciseinputuse. recommendations based ontheir own assumptions He furthersuggestedthat farmers werechanging spring maize crop, whichloweredthenetreturns. phosphate fertilizer than the recommendations to the farmers appliedmorequantityofdi-ammonium soil fertility status. Mananetal(2016)reportedthat returns without takingintoconsiderationthe gross insecticides, pesticides inordertoharvestmaximum per yearandareusinglarge quantityoffertilizers, farmers are following three ormore crops rotation agricultural practices over time. Majority of the on anunderstanding of howthesoilrespondsto management to maintain the soilquality depends (Solanum tuberosum) etc. The success in soil melo), watermelon(Citrulluslanatus)andpotato and wintervegetables, muskmelon (Cucumis The studywascarriedoutin7villagesnamely Soil test data usually are summarized for a MATERIALSMETHODS AND J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 Singh etal three classes, low, medium and highismultiplied useful. The percentage of samples in each of the nutrient index introduced byParkeretal(1951)is to obtainasinglevalueforeachnutrient.Herethe of oneareawiththoseanotheritisnecessary Parker’s NutrientIndex has beengivenin Table 1. of the sampling location and its cropping sequence properties of the soil by usingSPSS 16.0. A detail between cropping sequence and all physic-chemical coefficient correlation for analyzed were data The potassium using flame photometer (Jackson, 1973). acetate (pH=7) wasusedto extract the available Spectrophotometer. One molar neutral ammonium Olsen N sodiumbicarbonate solution asdescribed by (1934), available phosphorus wasextracted by 0.5 using methoddescribedby Walkley and Black, carbon (OC)wasdetermined by drycombustion according to RhoadesandOster(1986).Soilorganic (EC) weremeasuredinsoil:waterextract (1:2) of analysis forsoilpHandelectrical conductivity chemical properties by usingstandard methods processed sampleswereanalyzed for physico- 2.0 mm sieve to obtain a uniform soil sample. The with pestle and mortar, andthen sieved through samples wereairdriedinshade,crushedgently (Andreas and Berndt, 2005). All the collected procedure for soil sampling and sample preparation astandard following thoroughly mixed and field sampling was done in a zigzag pattern within each were randomly selected in each village; soil locations in all the 7 villages. One hundredsites of therabicropsduring2014-15,usingGPS depth with the help of auger after the harvesting plants and their deficiency in soil affects crop yields. Mg, Sareinvolved in majormetabolic functions of primary and secondaryelements like N, P, K,Ca, 20 elements essential for plant growth out of which farming situation and crops grown.There are about Selection of thevillage was basedonitssoiltype, In ordertocompare the levels of soil fertility The soilsamplesweretakenfrom0-15cm et al (1954)andthereafter measured using www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 f ln ntins s considerably is nutrients plant of properties andiseasilydetermined. The availability pH units. Soil pH provides various clues about soil the acidityoralkalinityofsoilandismeasured in Soil pH Table 2.Nutrient range and with index remarks Three TierSystem: weighted average. thus obtained isdivided by 100to give the index or figures the of sum respectively.The 3 and 2 1, by of mineralsornutrients. Fourteenofthe pH. The effect of soil pH is great on the solubility Table 1.Samplinglocationandcropping sequenceofselectedsites 7 5 6 4 3 III II I Nutrient Index Sr. No. 2 1 PI =

Soil pHorsoilreactionisanindicationof RESULTSDISCUSSION AND (medium) X2+ No.ofsamples(high)3 No .ofsamples(low)X1+of Swal Khukrain Meripur Kheeranwali Boolpur Village Bhetan Bhagwanpur Above 2.33 1.67-2.33 Below 1.67 Range Total numberofsamples Soil FertilityStatusunder Different Cropping Sequences High Medium Low Remarks (OC,P, K) GPS location 31°15.846’ N 31 75°16.746’ E 31°23.443’N 31°19.232’N 31°21.586’N 75 31 31 75°17.419’E 75°14.272’E 75°20.318’E 75 75 affected o o o o o o 15.498’ N 11.342’ E 25.353’N 38.815’N 21.418’E 38.815’E J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 by soil Paddy-wheat carbonates during evaporation. ions, whichprecipitates calcium and magnesium soluble andexchangeable sodium alongwithHCO village (15%samplesinpH8.7-9.3). be strongly alkaline (>9.3) followed by Kheeranwali where 31percent of thesoilsampleswerefound to from villageKhukrain value was highest meanpH to slightlyalkalineinnature(<8.7),however, the of BhagwanpurandBhetanvillages was neutral (Table 3) indicated that pH of all the soil samples neutral tostronglyalkaline (6.79 to9.87). The data pH valuesofsoilsinallthevillagesvariedfrom of mostnutrientsvariesinresponsetopH. The fertility of the soil are affected by pH. The solubility nutrients. 7 promotesthemostreadyavailabilityofplant alkaline soils. available inacidsoilsthanneutralorslightly Most mineralsandnutrientsaremoresolubleor plants it must be dissolved in the soil solution. from the soil. Before a nutrient can be used by seventeen essentialplantnutrientsareobtained 100 100 These high values are possibly due to presence of The supply of plant nutrients and thusthe 52 33 67 22 9 Crop sequence(per centsamples) Paddy-Potato- A pHrangeofapproximately6to Spring crop 27 91 27 11 0 0 0

Alkalinity problem Paddy-Vegetable- spring crop 21 56 78 0 0 0 6 3 3 - www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 4 or excessive osmotic potentials of soil solution or of ions uptake, antagonistic effect between nutrients normal nutrientuptakeprocess either by imbalance dissolved saltsinsoilsolutionscauseshindrance in higher degreeofsalinity. Excessiveamountof High valueofelectrical conductivity represents application of fertilizers, manure, andcompost. by cropping sequence, irrigation, land use and of the soluble salts present in the soil and is affected Electrical Conductivity 2008). of soilsandenhancecropproductivity (Sainju etal, conditions physical efficiency, use fertilizer/water important role tosustain soilfertility, improving coupled with minimum/no-tillage practices play an manure andinvolvement of legumesincroprotation soil surface along with fertilization with organic crop productivity. Retention of cropresidueson recommended in thesevillages to enhance the application on thebasisofsoiltestreportwas of rice so green manuring followed by gypsum time betweenharvestingofwheatandtransplanting sufficient was there testing soil After testing. soil farmers ofthesevillages were educated for regular these villages wasrice–wheatcroprotationsothe The majorcroprotation followed byfarmersof indicative of development of salinity in the area. (Brady and Weil, 2005).HighpHvaluesarethus material with typical low organic matter content in soilsisduetotheindigenouscalcareous parent Table 3.pHvalueofsoilsamplesdifferent villages. Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The electrical conductivity (EC) isthe measure Village Bhagwanpur Bhetan Boolpur Kheeranwali Khukrain Meripur Swal pH<8.7 100 100 88 85 42 96 91 J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 Per centsamples pH 8.7-9.3 Singh etal 12 15 27 0 0 4 9 2010). (Rahman effects three the of combination a Nitrogen requirements are usually recommended and cycling of applied fertilizer (Johnston, 2007). (Johnston, fertilizer applied of cycling and retention the and fauna, and flora micro soil feeds retention, and infiltration water improve structure, soil. Itsuppliesplantnutrient,improvethesoil Organic Carbon in ordertogethighercropyieldundersuchsituation. grow salttolerant crops anduseoforganic manures overcome this hazard the farmers were advised to surrounding higher-lying, betterdrainedareas. To water accumulates tend tobehigherinECthan low areas, depressions or other wet areas where resulting high EC values. As salts move with water, are heavy textured and lying in lowdepressionarea, However, thesoilsofvillages KhukrainandBoolpur resulting in improved drainage of thesevillages. are surroundedbyadraincalled in low EC, whereas, villages Bhagwanpur, Meripur by sand,therefore, saltsleachdowneasilyresulting villages, the soilsofvillage Bhetanaredominated inherent drainage system ofthesoilsthese from 0.3to1.9ds/m. of ECinBoolpurwas0.76ds/mwitharangevarying higher salinity level, respectively. The mean value samples invillage Khukrain andBoolpurshowed Meripur andBhetan,however, 42and36 per cent hazard does not exist in village Bhagwanpur, Organic matter has a vital role in agricultural The variations in the EC could be duetothe

Data(Table 4)indicate that thesalinity pH>9.3 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mean ±SD 8.13±0.24 7.48±0.31 8.21±0.48 8.43±0.24 8.84±0.56 8.40±0.19 8.15±0.45 Kali Bhain,so, 7.47-8.42 6.79-7.94 7.08-9.87 7.84-8.94 7.46-9.67 8.09-8.71 7.16-9.04 Range et al,

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Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 Table 5.Organic Carboncontentofsoildifferent villages. low OCinvillages other thanBoolpurandSwal residue incorporation (Yadvinder etal,2004).The OC showedanincreasing trend withtime in all the Soil orremoval. burning straw than significantly incorporation increased OCcontentofthesoilmore biomass of all the crops in the soil. Swal) canbeattributed to insituincorporation of both thevegetable growing villages (Boolpur and under low OC category. The high OC level found in of 0.64percentandonly12 of samples were ranging from0.32to1.07percentwithmeanvalue The soilsofBoolpurwerefoundtoberichinOC of BhetanwerefoundtocontainlowOCcontent. Due tolighttexturedsoils,54percentofsamples majority ofsamplesrangedbetweenlowtomedium. matter contents(Cooke,1982). estimation of nitrogen released bythesoilorganic by theSoil Testing Laboratories, based onthe Table 4.ElectricalConductivityvaluesofsoildifferent villages. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sr.No. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sr.No. The data (Table 5) revealed that OC status of Swal Meripur Khukrain Kheeranwali Boolpur Bhetan Bhagwanpur Village Swal Meripur Khukrain Kheeranwali Boolpur Bhetan Bhagwanpur Village Soil FertilityStatusunder Different Cropping Sequences Low (<0.4%) EC<0.8ds/m 32 53 44 48 12 54 39 J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 100 100 100 86 58 93 64 Crop residue Per centsamples Per centsamples Medium (0.4- 0.75%) 41 42 52 50 54 46 61 EC>0.8ds/m result ofmineralization of organophosphates orthe Phosphate ionentersthesoilsolutioneitherasa compounds including oils andamino acids. and transferbeingaconstituent of severalorganic of thecrop.Itisalsorequiredforenergy storage root growth,fruitdevelopment and earlyripening is essential for growth,celldivision, Phosphorus nitrogen. except elements other of deficiency the attributed than mainly duetolackofphosphorus to agriculture” because lowcropproductionis Available Phosphorus for alongerperiod. the optimumcropproductivity can bemaintained as greenmanureandfarmyardetc.sothat soils were encouraged to use organic manures such Therefore, the farmers who have low OCcontent in straw residuesinpaddy-wheatcroppingsequence. was probably due to burning of paddy and wheat 14 42 36 0 7 0 0 Phosphorus hasbeencalled the “Masterkey (>0.75%) High 27 34 5 4 2 0 0 Mean ±SD 0.36±0.37 0.30±0.08 0.72±0.43 0.45±0.16 0.76±0.36 0.17±0.17 0.21±0.07 Mean ±SD 0.56±0.25 0.41±0.06 0.45±0.14 0.38±0.09 0.64±0.19 0.42±0.07 0.4±0.16 0.1-1.6 0.2-0.5 0.1-1.8 0.2-0.8 0.3-1.9 0.1-0.7 0.1-0.4 Range 0.15-1.01 0.35-0.54 0.24-0.78 0.21-0.72 0.32-1.07 0.08-0.68 0.21-0.56 Range 5 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 6 Table 7. Available Potassiumstatusofsoildifferent villages . P mostlyintheformofH application of fertilizers. The plantstake available in which farmers apply excessive phosphatic to potato and vegetable cropping sequence followed rich inavailable content probably due phosphorus of Boolpur,whereas, soils BhetanandSwalwere phosphorus category might be duetohighpHvalues, 23 per cent samples were under low available category in India. In the village Khukrain where available rangefrommediumtohigh phosphorus were reportedbyPathak(2010)whoconcludedthat in soil samples of all the villages. Similar results of available phosphorus were17.7to24.2kg/ha iron (Fe)orcalcium(Ca)dependinguponsoilpH. phosphate ions with the atoms like aluminium (Al), Chemisorptions ofP occurduetointeraction of Table 6. Available Phosphorusstatusofsoildifferent villages. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sr. No. Sr. No. The data(Table 6)revealed thatmeanvalues Bhagwanpur Bhetan Boolpur Kheeranwali Khukrain Meripur Swal Village Swal Meripur Khukrain Kheeranwali Boolpur Bhetan Bhagwanpur Village 2 PO (<12.5 kg/ha) 4 -fromsoilsolution. Low (<137.5 kg/ha) 20 12 23 15 9 2 5 Low J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 55 58 45 56 55 28 8 Per centsamples (12.5-22.5 kg/ha) Per centsamples Medium Singh etal 50 47 42 84 52 80 55 (<137.5 kg/ha) potassium was found in Khukrain village (92%) environmental stresses. The high statusofavailable resistance against anumberofpests,diseasesand It controlsthewatereconomyandprovides are involved in physiological process of plants. the activation of large number of enzymes which is important for plant because it participates in appears tobecatalytic in nature. The potassium Available Potassium well inadvance. cropping sequence as wellitseconomic output soil fertility status, farmers can decide about the on thebasisofsoiltestreport.Similarly, basedon these villages were advised to apply fertilizer only made by the research institutes. Hence, farmers of fertilizers as compared to therecommendations High 45 42 92 55 44 45 72 Potassium exists in K+ form and its function (22.5-50 kg/ha) High 30 44 56 25 40 4 5 195.0±126.7 156.7±103.2 155.0±125.7 Mean ±SD 140.5±49.0 98.7±143.0 149.2±74.0 154.5±39.7 Mean ±SD 19.7±7.2 23.2±5.2 24.2±5.5 16.7±3.5 17.7±5.7 19.2±2.0 21.2±5.2 107.5-696.5 90.5-583.2 56.7-335.0 28.2-475.7 34.0-504.0 39.7-883.2 72.5-262.5 Range 10.2-35.5 14.2-34.2 13.5-37.2 15.2-22.2 8.5-22.2 7.0-28.0 8.7-33.5 Range www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 Table 9.Effect of different cropping sequenceonfertilitystatus. on lowKtesting soils. may be the lack of cropresponseto applied K, even fertilizers Another reasonforinadequate use ofK aremore P readily apparent from initial stagesofcropgrowth. Nand from benefits the contrast, In produce atmaturity, soitsneedmaybeoverlooked. applied K onthe size, shape, colour, and quality of of effect the realize not may farmers example, For importance of Kindicates need formoreeducation. this could be lack of farmer awareness about the kg/ha invillage Kheeranwali. The reasonfor that lowestvalueforavailable potassium was28.2 the soiltestingreportof7selected villages revealed potassium fertilizers. Contrary tothisassumption, rich inpotassiumlevel and thereisnoneedtoapply status (Available K<137.5kg/ha). Kapurthala werefoundtobelowinpotassium reported thatabout65percentsamplesofdistrict as givenin Table 7.BhattandSharma(2011) (55%), SwalandBhetan (45%) and Boolpur (44%) followed by Bhagwanpur (72%), Kheeranwali in growing various cereal, oilseed, pulses and importance of soiltesting while applying fertilizers Table 8.NutrientIndex Value ofsoilsselectedsites. Cropping sequence 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sr.No. Paddy-Vegetable- Springcrop Paddy-potato- Springcrop Paddy-Wheat However, itispresumedthatsoilsofPunjabare Swal Meripur Khukrain Kheeranwali Boolpur Bhetan Bhagwanpur Village Soil FertilityStatusunder Different Cropping Sequences

This clearly showed the Low 29 51 59 J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 Organic carbon Organic Carbon Medium 1.95 1.53 1.61 1.55 2.22 1.46 1.61 53 49 39 High were low in OC content (Tablein OC were low 9).Contrarytothis, soils andfoundthat only 29percent soil samples which resulted in increasing the OC content in these erally do insituincorporationofplantbiomass, sequence apply higher doses offertilizers and gen- Effect ofcropping sequenceonsoilfertility cropping the in sequence beingfollowedbythefarmers. difference to due probably was village different in NIV the in difference observed index followed bySwal(1.45)withlowNIV. The villages havemediumvaluesforpotassiumnutrient potassium, whereas, Bhetan, Boolpur and Meripur Bhagwanpur possess high nutrient index in terms of locations it was medium. The villages Khukrain and followed by Swalvillages, whereas at all other highest nutrient index was recorded in Boolpur under medium category. Incase of phosphorus the and Boolpur(2.22),wherethe nutrient index falls OC waslowinallthelocations except Swal(1.95) data (Table 8)impliesthatthenutrientindexof nutrient supplying capacity of soil to plants. The vegetable crops. 18 0 2 Nutrient index value (NIV) is the measure of The farmerusingvegetables based cropping Low 16 17 6 Phosphorus Av. Phosphorus 2.35 1.90 2.02 1.91 2.53 2.35 2.10 Medium 59 54 64 High 35 30 19 Potassium Av. Potassium Low 68 49 29 1.45 1.85 2.83 2.10 1.88 1.91 2.44 High 32 51 71 7 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 8 Table 11. Correlation ofcropping intensitywithphysico-chemicalproperties ofsoil. cropping sequence, for phosphorus it was potato highest NIV forOCwas under vegetable based based croppingsequence. sequence as compared to vegetable and potato of potassium was lowinpaddy-wheat cropping in caseofavailable potassiumstatusbecauseuptake institutes. However, contrasttrends were obtained as compared to recommendations of research to application of excessivephosphaticfertilizers in the soil withpotato based cropping sequence due stubbles andlowerfertilizerapplication. in OCmainly duetoburningofpaddyandwheat lowed, themajority of soilsampleswerefoundlow where paddy-wheat cropping sequence was fol- per cent of the samples analyzed. Further, the soils nitrogen wasmuchhigherso,theOClowin51 under potatobasedcroppingsequence,uptakeof Table 10.Nutrientindexvaluesofthecropping sequences. *. Correlationissignificant atthe0.05level(2-tailed). **. Correlationissignificant atthe0.01level(2-tailed). Potassium Available Phosphorus Available Carbon Organic EC pH sequence Cropping Particulars 3 2 1 Sr.No. It wasevident from thedata (Table 10) that Highest available phosphorus content was found Vegetable based Potato based Rice- Wheat Cropping sequence Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) Pearson Correlation Parameters 1 intensity Cropping J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 Organic Carbon 1.88 1.49 1.44 Singh etal 1 .000 -.332** pH available phosphorus and potassium with pH and available andpotassiumwithpH phosphorus summer crop. from paddy-wheattopaddy-potato/vegetable- decreasing trendwiththeincreasedcropintensity hand, pH,ECandavailable potassium showeda paddy-wheat cropping sequence. On the other incorporation of plant biomass ascompared to to application of higherinorganic fertilizers and a positive correlation with cropping intensity due 11). The OC and available phosphorus exhibited the physico-chemical properties of the soil (Table with correlation significant a exhibited Kapurthala chemical properties ofsoil Correlation ofcropping sequencewithphysico- sequence. based andforpotassiumitwasrice-wheat cropping The croppingsequencefollowedindistrict 1 .000 .481** .002 -.198** EC There existed a significant correlation of correlation significant a existed There Phosphorus 2.29 2.62 2.02 1 .349 .060 .758 -.020 .003 .188** Carbon Organic 1 .720 -.023 .053 -.123 .003 -.186** .000 .315** Phosphorus Available Potassium 1.65 2.02 2.42 -.152* .004 .184** .000 .509** .000 .280** .000 -.235** Potassium Available 1 .017 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 Andreas P, Berndt-Micheal W (2005).Soilsampling and requirement needstobeundertaken. tissue analysis and field experiment on crop nutrient various croppingsequence inthestudyarea,plant recommendation on soilmanagement for sustaining present inthesoil.Hence,ordertoadviseprecise testing gaveonlythelevelofcertain nutrients sequence. Selected parameters pertaining to soil properties of soilchangeswithshiftincropping sequence of the area and likewise chemical cropping the affect soil of properties chemical and rotation croppingsequence.So,boththephysical potassium resulted farmers stick to paddy-wheat based cropping sequence. High level of available intensified cropping including potato and vegetable values mainlyresultsshiftincroppingsequenceto Boolpur, Bhetan and Swal showedhigher level of high fertilizer use. Incaseofavailable phosphorus, which enriches soilwithinsitudecomposition and generally follow vegetable based cropping system potato and vegetables. Villages withhighsoilOC Paddy-wheat than commercial value crops suchas revealed villages with pH>9.3 generally follow undertaken forstudy. Datapertaining to pH and available phosphorus potassium were The parameters such aspH,EC,OC,available analyzed for 7villages in district Kapurthala. to benon-significantlycorrelatedwithpHandEC. found was carbon organic The correlation. nificant available (r=0.362)havenegativesig- phosphorus results werereportedbyChawla(1969)thatpHand of phosphorusunderhighpHconditions. Similar served with available phosphorus be due to fixation EC. Although, the negative correlation was ob- 3–13. bioremediation for soilanalysismonitoringandassessing storage. In: Margesin R,SchinnerF, editors. The physico-chemical properties of soil were . Springer-Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg: CONCLUSION REFERENCES Soil FertilityStatusunder Different Cropping Sequences J Krishi Vigyan 2016,5(1):1-9 Manual Received on31/05/2016 S, C Khind K, J Ladha Bijay-Singh, Yadvinder-Singh, Walkley A andBlackCA (1934). An examination of digestion Sainju U M,SenwoZN,Nyakatawa E Z, Tazisong I A, Reddy Rhoades Dand Oster Rehman O, Ahmad Band Afzal S (2010).Soilfertility and Pathak H (2010). Trends of fertility status of Indian soil. (1951). E J Miles and E Winters L, W Nelson W, F Parker Olsen SR,ColeC V, Watanabe FSandDeanL A (1954). Singh and Gurmeet Singh Manoj, Sharma Jatinder, Manan and soil on effects matter,organic Soil (2007). E AJohnston analysis. chemical Soil (1973). L M Jackson Cooke G W (1982). An introduction to soil analysis. Chawla V K (1969). Available nitrogen andphosphorus Brady N Cand Weil R R (2005). The Nature and properties of Bhatt Rajan and Sharma Manoj (2011). Potassium Scenario wheat rotation. residue of .Effects (2004). decomposition on productivity and soilfertility in rice– S C Bueno and S T Khera acid titration chromic the method. of modification proposed method for determining soil organic matter and the fractions. and sequestration carbon soil on effects source fertilizer K C(2008). Tillage, cropping systemsandnitrogen Monograph no.9(2ndEdition). Part I.Physical and Mineralogical Methods-Agronomy 516. salinity statusof Res Attock district. JAgric CurrentSciences in Agricultural Advances summaries. The broad interpretation and application of soil test with sodiumcarbonate. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils byextraction Krishi Vigyan 4(2):22-27. by the farmers and the yield of spring maize hybrids. inputs various of application of Effect (2016). Gobinder crop. Soiluseandmanagement Inc, EnglewoodCliffs Crops 1:8-9. journal 61(3):361-362. status ofsaline-sodic soilsofPunjab(India).Agronomy York. soil (Thirteenth Edition) Journal ofResearch PAU 48(1&2):24-27. -A casestudyinthe Kapurthala district of Punjab,India. Soil Sci J Environ Qual37:880–888. Agron J43(3):103–112. Soil SciSoc Am J68:854–864. 37:29–38. J D (1986). Methods of Soil of Methods (1986). Analysis, D J , pp528. USDA Circ 939:1–19. Macmillan Publishing Co. New Accepted on02/09/2016 2(3): 97-105. Prentice Hall 2(1): 10-12. 48(4):505- World 9 J