Care (Or Healthcare) Is the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Of
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care (or healthcare) is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nurse (such as in the United Kingdom), a clinical officer (such as in disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in parts of Africa), or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine humans. Health care is delivered by practitioners in medicine, professional (such as in parts of Asia). Depending on the nature of chiropractic, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or care providers. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, tertiary care. secondary care and tertiary care, as well as in public health. Primary care involves the widest scope of health care, including all ages of patients, patients of all socioeconomic and geographic Access to health care varies across countries, groups and individuals, origins, patients seeking to maintain optimal health, and patients largely influenced by social and economic conditions as well as the with all manner of acute and chronic physical, mental and social health policies in place. Countries and jurisdictions have different health issues, including multiple chronic diseases. Consequently, a policies and plans in relation to the personal and population-based primary care practitioner must possess a wide breadth of knowledge health care goals within their societies. Health care systems are in many areas. Continuity is a key characteristic of primary care, as organizations established to meet the health needs of target patients usually prefer to consult the same practitioner for routine populations. Their exact configuration varies from country to check-ups and preventive care, health education, and every time country. In some countries and jurisdictions, health care planning is they require an initial consultation about a new health problem. The distributed among market participants, whereas in others planning International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) is a standardized is made more centrally among governments or other coordinating tool for understanding and analyzing information on interventions in bodies. In all cases, according to the World Health Organization primary care by the reason for the patient visit.[8] (WHO), a well-functioning health care system requires a robust Common chronic illnesses usually treated in primary care may financing mechanism; a well-trained and adequately-paid workforce; include, for example: hypertension, diabetes, asthma, COPD, reliable information on which to base decisions and policies; and depression and anxiety, back pain, arthritis or thyroid dysfunction. well maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines Primary care also includes many basic maternal and child health care and technologies.[1] services, such as family planning services and vaccinations. In context of global population ageing, with increasing numbers of Health care can form a significant part of a country's economy. In older adults at greater risk of chonic non-communicable diseases, 2008, the health care industry consumed an average of 9.0 percent rapidly increasing demand for primary care services is expected of the gross domestic product (GDP) across the most developed around the world, in both developed and developing OECD countries.[2] The United States (16.0%), France (11.2%), and countries.[9][10] The World Health Organization attributes the Switzerland (10.7%) were the top three spenders. provision of essential primary care as an integral component of an inclusive primary health care strategy.[6] Health care is conventionally regarded as an important determinant Secondary care in promoting the general health and wellbeing of peoples around the world. An example of this is the worldwide eradication of Secondary care is the health care services provided by medical smallpox in 1980—declared by the WHO as the first disease in specialists and other health professionals who generally do not have human history to be completely eliminated by deliberate health care first contact with patients, for example, cardiologists, urologists and interventions.[3] dermatologists. Contents It includes acute care: necessary treatment for a short period of time [hide] for a brief but serious illness, injury or other health condition, such as in a hospital emergency department. It also includes skilled [edit] Health care delivery attendance during childbirth, intensive care, and medical imaging See also: Health care providers services. Primary care may be provided in community health centres. The "secondary care" is sometimes used synonymously with "hospital care". However many secondary care providers do not The delivery of modern health care depends on groups of trained necessarily work in hospitals, such as psychiatrists or professionals and paraprofessionals coming together as physiotherapists, and some primary care services are delivered interdisciplinary teams.[4][5] This includes professionals in medicine, within hospitals. Depending on the organization and policies of the nursing, dentistry and allied health, plus many others such as public national health system, patients may be required to see a primary health practitioners, community health workers and assistive care provider for a referral before they can access secondary care. personnel, who systematically provide personal and population- For example in the United States, which operates under a mixed based preventive, curative and rehabilitative care services. market health care system, some physicians might voluntarily limit their practice to secondary care by requiring patients to see a While the definitions of the various types of health care vary primary care provider first, or this restriction may be imposed under depending on the different cultural, political, organizational and the terms of the payment agreements in private/group health disciplinary perspectives, there appears to be some consensus that insurance plans. In other cases medical specialists may see patients primary care constitutes the first element of a continuing health without a referral, and patients may decide whether self-referral is care process, that may also include the provision of secondary and preferred. tertiary levels of care.[6] In the United Kingdom and Canada, patient self-referral to a medical Primary care is the term for the health care services which play a specialist for secondary care is rare as prior referral from another role in the local community. It refers to the work of health care physician (either a primary care physician or another specialist) is professionals who act as a first point of consultation for all patients considered necessary, regardless of whether the funding is from within the health care system.[6][7] Such a professional would private insurance schemes or national health insurance. usually be a primary care physician, such as a general practitioner or Allied health professionals, such as occupational therapists, speech family physician. Depending on the locality, health system therapists, and dietitians, also generally work in secondary care, organization, and sometimes at the patient's discretion, they may accessed through either patient self-referral or through physician see another health care professional first, such as a pharmacist, a referral. [edit] Tertiary care For example, pharmaceuticals and other medical devices are the The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, leading high technology exports of Europe and the United United Kingdom is a specialist neurological hospital. States.[15][16] The United States dominates the biopharmaceutical Tertiary care is specialized consultative health care, usually for field, accounting for three-quarters of the world’s biotechnology inpatients and on referral from a primary or secondary health revenues.[17][15] professional, in a facility that has personnel and facilities for [edit] Health care research advanced medical investigation and treatment, such as a tertiary See also: Medical research, List of medical journals, and List of referral hospital.[11] health care journals Examples of tertiary care services are cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, plastic surgery, treatment for severe The quantity and quality of many health care interventions are burns, advanced neonatology services, palliative, and other complex improved through the results of science, such as advanced through medical and surgical interventions.[12] the medical model of health which focuses on the eradication of [edit] Quaternary care illness through diagnosis and effective treatment. Many important advances have been made through health research, including The term quaternary care is also used sometimes as an extension of biomedical research and pharmaceutical research. They form the tertiary care in reference to medicine of advanced levels which are basis of evidence-based medicine and evidence-based practice in highly specialized and not widely accessed. Experimental medicine health care delivery. and some types of uncommon diagnostic or surgical procedures are For example, in terms of pharmaceutical research and development considered quaternary care. These services are usually only offered spending, Europe spends a little less than the United States in a limited number of regional or national health care (€22.50bn compared to €27.05bn in 2006). The United States centres.[12][13] accounts for 80% of the world's research and development spending [edit] Home