LEGAL TERMINOLOGY IN NEW
TESTAMENT GREEK
DISSERTATION
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University
BY
ALICE JOHNSON BODLE, B.A., M.A. *******
The Ohio State University 1958
■ > £ T ) . ______Adviser Department of Classical Languages PREFACE
My interest in the use of Greek legal terminology in the
New Testament arose because such words give a more precise meaning to many New Testament passages. I found that a number of authors had dealt with legal words hut there appeared to be no work which was devoted exclusively to all the words which are used in the
New Testament legally or with a legal connotation. If it should be argued that some of these words are technical rather than legal, I can only say that such a distinction would increase the complexity of the classification, with no real advantage to the study.
By checking all the words used in the New Testament with three lexica - Arndt and Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament; Liddel and Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon;
Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament-
I have attempted in this dissertation to list the words which are used legally or with a legal connotation. These words are listed in three categories.
The first category includes along with the word the legal meaning or connotation; an illustration for each word, or group of words with the same root meaning; the New Testament occurrences if less than ten in number, (if over ten, the note is added -"v. concordances"); and the authors who use these words. A word of
ii caution is necessary here. Precise definition depends upon precise interpretation; it is impossible within the limits
of the present dissertation to make an exhaustive inquiry in every case, so not every usage of a word will necessarily be a legal one.
The second category includes those words which are used essentially in the same way in non-legal documents, as arrest, cherish, executioner, kinsman, to which legal definition adds little or nothing. The third category includes words which may be legal but are not so used in the New Testament. Apart from the interpretation of individual words, certain more general conclusions may be drawn. Since these will emerge from the evidence of the lists, they will be summarized in the final part.
I desire to acknowledge my thanks to the following publishers (with the author and book title) for permission to quote from these books: Hodder and Stoughton (London),
Mculton and Milligan - The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament;
Oxford University Press, Inc., Liddel and Scott - A Greek-
English Lexicon; and The University of Chicago Press, Arndt and
Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament.
I also wish to thank Dr. John B.Titchener, Chairman of the Department of Classical Languages at Ohio State University, for his help as adviser. This dissertation is dedicated to my iii family for the continued interest and encouragement which they have given during the past several years of my work on these legal words.
iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AH = Arndt and Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament LS = Liddel and Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
MM = Moulton and Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament
The abbreviations of the writers and writings of antiquity, etc., follow those of the authorities from which they are quoted. The abbreviations of the names of the books of the New Testament in which the legal words occur are the same as those used by Arndt and Gingrich. The author of Hebrews is indicated as (Hebrews).
Other abbreviations. absol. = absolute Att. « Attic c. = circa (about) cf. = confer (compare) dr. = drachma esp. = especially inscr. = inscription(s) marg. = margin metaph. = metaphor(ically) opp. s= opposed sc. = scilicet (supply) subst. = substantive(ly) transl. = translate, etc. v. = vide (see)
v CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE il
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v
PART I. WORDS WITH A LEGAL MEANING
USED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
PART II. WORDS USED IN LEGAL DOCUMENTS
WITH NO CHANGE IN THEIR
MEANING 121
PART III. WORDS WHICH MAY BE LEGAL BUT
ARE NOT SO USED IN THE
NEW TESTAMENT 137
PART IV. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON THE USE
OF LEGAL TERMS BY DIFFERENT
AUTHORS IN THE BOOKS OF
THE NEW TESTAMENT 140
APPENDIX 143
BIBLIOGRAPHY 147
AUTOBIOGRAPHY 148 I. WORDS WITH A LEGAL MEANING USED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
A
A'V7CXpel5(0. compel. A.D. 48 ... P Lond 1171 (e)2 ... irqSeut il&ato SvyapetJeiv Tofrg drtt T % X<&pas - « prefects re script.1
Mt 5.41; 87.52; Mk 15.21. - - - Mark; Matthew.
dyyeXCa. proclamation.2 v. infra.
1 J 3«XX* • • * »)0lm•
&7Y£M>(0. proclaim, the summons to celebrate the accession of Hadrian, P Giss I. 32ff* (A.D. 117) fy *A6piav6v dY7e\w[v], J 20.18. - - - John. *&YY£-X.OS. envoy. The word is used in the sense of '’inter mediary" ... in Syll 12825 (iv/B.C.).4 v. concordances. - - - All NT writers. dYVO&o. be ignorant.5 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Paul; Peter. dYvdtpa. ignorance.6 v. infra. Hb 9.7. - - - [Hebrews]. 1 James Hope Moulton and George Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament (Grand Rapids: Wm B. Hardmans Publishing Company, 1958), 8« 2Hen'ry George Liddell and Robert Scott, A Greek English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940), I, 7. 3MM 3l ^Ibid. 5Ibld. 4. 6Ibld. , 2 a?yvoia. ignorance. P Oxy II. as?*111'36 (A.D. 186) I'va ot ovvaXK&oovits ^ nat* a yvoiav £ve5petiovTav, "in order that persons entering Into agreements may not be defrauded through ignoranoe.*7 Ac 3.17; 17.30; Eph 4.18; 1 Pt 1.14. - - - Luke; Paul; Peter. OLYOpd. market place. D.57.31.® v. concordances. - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew. &yop&£(0. buy in the market. P Oxy VIII. 11495ff» (ii/A.D.) d[Yo]pdaai ftapfit Taaap[a]rtC(ovos ov 8oOA.ov ZapartCcoya, "to buy from Tasarapion her slave Sarapion."9 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. &Yop AC 17*5 | 19*38* ^ mm mm LtllCB* &YP^M>M-aTo^* Illiterate, is of constant occurrence in the formula used by one person signing a deed or letter on behalf of ano ther who cannot write - eypcrlfa bntp t iv6 s & Y P a W JL<£'r0 U* e.g. BGU I. U S *1*!7 (ii/A.D.)11 Ac 4.13. - -- Luke. CLY^* bring before, a court of Justice ... BGRJ I.23p^tf. (A.D. 114) ... 6 i& iw dK0f)vat Tot>s £vKd\oup,£voug £n:l ot rtpbg &iovo(av) Intiodov, a petition to the Stra- tegus.12 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrewsj; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. aYtbY'f). conduct. In law, = Lat. actio, Cod.Just.2.24.1,al.13 2 Ti 3 . 1 0 . Paul. 7Ibid. 5. 8Ibid. 9Ibid. 6 . 10L3 13. 11MM 6 . 12Ibid. 7. 13L3 18. & 6 idxpiTos. impartial. P Oxy IV. 71536 (A.D. 131) ... a 3 registration of property is certified with the words >t[a]TaK£X<3- 14 (ptwa) & 6 iaK(pCT0}g ?). Js 3.17. - - - James. & 6 i k £u). do wrong.18 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. AdfKTpa. wrong.16 t . infra. Ac 18.14; 24.20; By 18.5. - - - John; Luke. dfitxCa. Injustice.17 tt. infra. v. concordances. - - - [HebrewsJ; James; John; Luke; Paul; Peter. Ct6lK0S. unjust. P Tebt II. 2867 (A.D. 121-38) VOjlt) a6lxo£ [ou]6£u eiax^e t, Munjust possession is invalid.1,18 y . concordances. - - - [Hebrewsj; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. & 6 Ckci>£. unjustly.19 v. supra. 1 Pt 2.19. Peter. d.56Kt|j,0S. not legal tender, of coin PI.Lg.74^.20 Bo 1.28; 1 Cor 9.27; 2 Cor 13.5, 6, 7; - - -[ Hebrews]; Paul. 2 Ti 3.8; Tit 1.16; Hb 6.8, a&oXo?. honest, in Att. esp. of treaties a. eLpdva Ar.Lys.169.21 1 Pt 2 . 2 . ----- Peter. &0d(iLTo<;. unlawful. X.Mam 1.1.9.22 Ac 10.28; 1 Pt 4.3. - - - Luke; Peter. a0£CF|Jio£. lawless.25 v. supra. 14MM 9. 15ibid. 10. 16Ibid. 17Ibld. 18Ibid. 19Williaia F. Arndt and F. Wilbur Gingrich, A Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament (Chicago: The University Press. 1957)7 18. ^ 1 3 24. ^Ibld. 2aIbldT3l. 23MM 12. 2 Pt 2.7; 3.17. Peter. 4 &0ET&O, set at naught. P Oxy VIII. 11208 (iil/A.D.) ££cCoxuaev T& ptp\eC6ta AG£Tri0f|uai, '•procured the failure of the petition."**4 v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Paul. A0€TT]Oig. annul.25 v. supra. Hb 7.18; 9.26. [Hebrews]. A0(pog. unpunished. P Tebt I. 4428 (ii/B.C.) where certain precautions are taken lest an assailant &0fiuos 6 tcicpi5*Yri 1., "should 26 escape unpunished." Mt 27.4 , 24. - — Matthew. 27 alp£onai. choose by vote. Id,1.96. Phil 1.22; Hb 11.25. [Hebrews]; Paul. ff C O aipEGi^. faction, party. App.BC5.2. Ac 5.17; 15.5; 24.5, 14; 26.5; 28.22; - - - Luke; Paul; Peter. 1 Cor 11.19; Gal 5.20; 2 Pt 2.1. » 29 aipo). remove, hence kill, destroy. rroXlv D.H.6,23. v. concordances. ---- John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. « 30 atTtliia. request. P Oxy 1273,28. Lk 23.24; Phil 4.6; 1 J 5.15. ---- John; Luke; Paul. atT(a. accusation. P Ryl II. 14422 (A.D. 38) £v t 6\|J.T1CJEV cp06vous ... p,oi ^rtaYaYEtu atrCag Toi3 |if| ovros, "to bring 31 baseless accusations of malice." v. concordances. — - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. ciCt idop.cn. accuse.52 v. supra. !5lbid. 85Ibid. 26Ibid. 27LS 41. 28Ibid. 42. 29Ibid. 27. ^ A G 25. 31M T 5 . jEbTd* ' ' 5 Ro 3.9. Paul. a i T t o s . cause; guilt. P Tebt II. 33010f* (ii/A.D.) rtp&S »if t 6 cpav£vTos tiv 6 s cxCt[i,o]v jjioi t&p \o 7 [o]v, anyone is proved to be the culprit, he may be held accountable to me.*33 Lk 23.4, 14, 22; Ac 19.40; Hb 5.9. [Hebrews]; Luke. atr Coaiia. blame.34 v. supra. Ao 25 • 7 * • *• Lttk8 • Ot.KaTd.'YVGDCJT0£ • not to be condemned. OIG 1971.35 Tit 2.8. - - - Paul. dxotico. hear, (judicial) P land 910 (ii/A.D.) nat Cm*^ HxCp *• 1 to1$tod ourto TiKodaOCilMJev.36 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. dnpaTfjg. invalid, in Law, 10 12.(8)267.12 (Thasos).37 2 Ti 3.3. Paul. anpaTOS. untempered. P Oxy II. 237vii.40 186) reap* ols axpaT6sI otiv t<3v v[6]pxav arcoTon[C]a, *amongst whom the severity of the law is untempered.1,38 Rv 14.10. - - - John. dxpC(3eia. strictness.39 v. infra. d u p i n g . exactness. Syll 92932 (ii/B.C.) T<3 L dxpi^et Tfjg tyfjqpou ppapeuGfjvai xpCatv ouk T|Pou\6 M.e0cx of counting a vote exactly.40 Ao 18.26; 23.15, 20; 24.22; 26.5. ---- Luke. ^Ibid. 34Ibid. 35LS 47. 36MM 18. 37IS 54. 38MM 19. 39Ibid. 40Ibid • 41 aKpt(36a>. investigate accurately. v. supra, Mt 2.7, 16. - - - Matthau. dHptPwg. precisely.42 v. supra. Mt 8.8; Lk 1.3; Ac 18.85; - - - Luke; Matthew; Paul. 1 Th 5.8; Eph 5.15. 3-f dHup6o). revoke. P Oxy III. 390 * (A.D. 124) rtp6? dKdpwoiv dYei,v TfjvSe Tt|v SiaGfjHriv, "to revoke this will.1,43 Mt 15.6; Mk 7.13; Gal 3.17. Mark; Matthew; Paul. dxo)?u3T(i)g. without hindrance. P Oxy III, 50231 (A.D. 164) <5)g rtpoKeiTCH EJtt t 6v x P^v o p okcoXiJtgos, "as aforesaid for the 44 appointed time without hindrance." Ac 28.31. - -- Luke. dM]0£ia. truth. P Oxy I. 705 (iii/A.D.) rtCcFTiv Hat aX,Tl0[£iap £]x£t, "is credited and accepted."45 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. dX.T]0fiG. legitimate.46 v. supra. v. concordances. John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. dXTiSivds. true.47 v. supra. v, concordances. [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Paul. dp,apT&V0). do wrong. In P Oxy I. 34ii:1*4 (A.D. 127) a Homan prefect uses some strong language about infringement of his instruc tions regarding certain archives: ddeiav i a m o U s dpapTdvouot £G£O0[a]i PO|lC£ovT£g, "imagining they will not be pun ished for their illegal acts."4® 7 v. concordances. - - - [HebrewsJ; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. &p,&pTTijj.a. sin.49 v. supra. Mk 3.28; 4.12; Ro 3.25; 1 Cor 6.18. - - - Marie; Paul. &p,apTta. sin.50 v. supra. v. concordances. - ~ - [Hebrews}; lames; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. d(i,dp rupos • unastested. without witness. D.40.149.5^ Ae 14.17. - - - Luke. &,|i,apTti)\o9. sinner.52 v. supra. dp,apT&uc*>. v. concordances. - - - All NT writers. dp,ET&0£TOS. immutable. P Oxy III. 48235 (A.D. lO9)6ia0^- x-n £qp* Mat d|ieTa0£Tcp £T£?v.£i3Ta, ( "which will was unchanged at his death*1) ?3 Hb 6.17, 18. - - - [Hebrews}. dp.£Ta|i,£>cr|Tog, ApeTav d ' H T o ? . unrepentant. P Lips I. 265f* is late (beginning of iv/A.D.), but 6|ioXo70U|l£V [£Ko]uaCa Mat a[A]0aip£Ttp Mat dp,E[Ta}ii6 T|Tcp YV Ro 2.5; 11.29; 2 Cor 7.10. - - - Paul. djjioipfi. recompense. Prlene 11217, where a certain Zoaimus having received the title of citizen "has made no fruitless return for the honor** - [odn dxartpov Ttjv Tffg Ti|j,fjg] 6 £ 6 eiX£V dpo l v .55 1 Ti 5 . 4 . Paul. 49MM 25. 50Ibid. 51L3 77. 5SMM 25. 53Ibid. a6 . 54Ibid. 55Ibid. 27. 8 dpa|3d\\(0, defer. P Tebt I. 22^ (B.C. 112) dva(3a\\6iJ.evos eig t6 v cpuXanCTriu, "referring the matter to the inspector."56 Ac 24.22. - - - Luke. &va(3o\f|. delay.57 v. supra. Ac 25 • 17 • * ■ *• Luke • dvdyu). restore, bring back. P Par 1018 toutou OS av AvaYdYfl, with reference to a runaway slave.58 v. concordances. - - - [[Hebrews]; Luke; Matthew; Paul. dvaGe Chvu|jli. notify, esp. proclaim anyone elected to office Plb.4.48.3.59 Lk 10.1; Ac 1.24. - -- Luke. ApaG^xoM-Ctt. undertake. P Tebt I. 756 (B.C. 112) dpaGdxo- p,ai rtdpou 6(S Ao 28.7; Hb 11.17. - — [Hebrews]; Luke. ava5CGcop,i. send up. deliver over. P Plor I. 2530 (ii/A.D.) r|v nat dva6£6a>xe ets dndpcoaiv, of a document.61 Ao 23.33. - -- Luke. &paip£u). kill. 0audToi^ d. Pl.Lg.870d.62 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Matthew. dvaHp(vo). examine. For the judicial sense ... see Syll 63 51246 (ii/B.C.) dvanpipdrto Si nat ro[t>]g p,dpTvpag. v. concordances. - - - Luke; Paul. dvaxpCois. preliminary examination.64 v. supra. Ac 25.26.---- Luke. 56Ibid. 30. 57Ibid. 58Ibid. 32. 59LS 103. ^ M M 32. 61Ibld. 62LS 106. 63MM 35. 64Ibid. dvavo^W. renew, the charge for a renewal (substantive) of a mortgage, P Strass I. 527 (A.D. 151) p.t) JtpooSeo^POlS /? pr dvave[5)]aeo)g. Eph 4.23. - - - Paul. dvavT Cppr]T0 9 . undeniable. OGIS 335138 (Pergamum ii/i B.C.) with the meaning "beyond possibility of dispute."®® Ac 10.29; 19.36. - - - Luke. dvavT ipp^Ttos. without opposition.67 v. supra. Ac 10*29* — «» -• Lulod* dvart£p,Ttto. send up. Deissmann ... "send up to a higher au thority," ... as ti dvarto|J.Tfn^ is used of the "delegation" of a case from one authority to another.68 Lk 23,7, 11, 15; Ao 25.21; Phlm 12. - - - Luke; Paul. dvanX.rip6(ji). complete. P Par 62v *8 (ii/B.C.) Tot? auan:\r,p(5aovaiv t&s a>vtis SoSfjoetai 6ty&via, "those who complete the contracts."®® Mt 13.14; 1 Cor 14.16; 16.17; Gal 6.2; - - - Matthew; Paul. Phil 2.30; 1 Th 2.16. d p a 7to\6'YT)TO£. without making a defense. D.H.7.46.70 Ro 1*20; 2*1* Paul. d v a o x e v A O . go bankrupt. P Oxy IV. 7455 (c.A.D. l)p.[tij ... 7tAX.iv lauTobg dvaoxeud(; Ac 15.24. -- - Luke. dvacp£p(o. submit. P Petr III. 1045 dvev'fivoxsv £qp* 65Ibld. 36. 66Ibld. 67LS 114. 68MM 37. 69Ibid. 70LS 117. 71MM 37. *72 fllias ... nhas submitted to us a oontract*"'* Mt 17*1; Bdk 9,22; Lk 24*51; Hb 7*27; - - - [Hebrewsj; Janes; Luke; 9*28; 13.15; Js 2.21; 1 Pt 2*5, 24* Mark; Matthew; Peter. & p 6parto6 CoTT)S. slave dealer or kidnapper. Ar.PI.521.73 1 Ti 1.10. Paul. T1A &i>6 pocp6 v o £ • one oonvloted of manslaughter. D.23.29, 1 Ti 1 . 9 . Paul. &v£'YKXr|TOS. blameless, a woman who had been deserted by her husband claims - 7tavT£\c3g ovTa dv£7M\TiTOl> £(j,aT?)v drtacrei rfape ix6|J/r)V« "I fop iny Papt oonduoted myself blame lessly in all respects.1’75 1 Cor 1.8; Gol 1.22; 1 Ti 3.10; Tit 1.6, 7. ---- Paul. aveaig. relief, the paradoxical phrase £p,rcetpCq. dv£ae(og, 3yll 932s3 (iii/A.D.) ... is used of ’’relief” from taxa tion.76 Ac 24.23; 2 Cor 2.13; 7.5; 8.13; 2 Th 1.7. - - - Luke; Paul. &V£T&£ o), examine, documents P Oxy I. 34i#13 (A.D. 127).77 Ac 22.24, 29. - - - Luke. dvfyto). be due. P Tebt I. 4325 (B.C. 118) Tots fylfv n r p dv'riHout7t, ”in y w r interests." Eph 5.4; Col 3.18; Phlm 8 . - - - Paul. dvGoii.oX.O'Y^Op.ai. acknowledge. P Grenf II. (A.D. 244-8) nal lnep(OTT|0€vT£g dv0o>p.o\o,y^cra|jLev nepl t[o](3 Ta00* ouTog op0c5g Kat KaA. 72Ibid. 39. 73LS 128. 74Ibid* 129. 751M 40. 76Ibid. 42. 77Ibid. 70Ibid. 43. 79Ibid. a v C r p i . remit, neglect. let go unpunished, remit sentence of death. E Andr. 531.80 Ac 16.86; 87.4; Eph 6.9; Hb 13.5. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. &vC y. concordances. [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. &VO(J.Ca. lawless.82 v. infra. y. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Matthew; Paul. avoiiOS. Illegal. P Oxy II. 237vli*11 (A.D. 186), the Dionysia petition, has d.v6 |J.O'U x a T 0 X ^ » nan illegal claim.1,83 Mk 15.88; Lk 28.37; Ac 2.23; 1 Cor 9.21; - - - Luke; Mark; Paul; 2 Th 2.8; 1 Ti 1.9; 2 Pt 2.8. Peter. <5t,u6ytos. illegally.84 v. supra. Ho 2«1B* — * Pdul* Hb 12.4. - - - [ Hebrews]. &VTa7to6 C6w ^ t . repay. Batr.186.86 Lk 14.14; Ro 11.35; 12.19; 1 Th 3 . 9 ; [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. 2 Th 1.6; Hb 10.30. &VT(Ut66 oCHS • recompense. retribution.87 y. supra. Col 3.24. Paul. & v t £x o ^c u • maintain. P Oxy IX.120330 (late 1/A.D.)t <3v V & p &Tt6 vTwv fijieiv 6 ixaC(ov rtdvTtov avT£x6p.£0a wal a v 0 £ | 6 p £ 0a, "for we maintain and shall maintain all our subsisting rights.1,88 Mt 6.24; Lk 16.13; 1 Th 5.14; Tit 1.9. ----- Luke; Matthew; Paul. &VTC 6 ikos. opponent, in law suit Pl.Phdr.273c.89 Mt 5.25; Lk 12.58; 18.3; 1 Pt 5.8. ----- Luke; Matthew; Peter. &VT C0 £ ( H 5 . inconsistent. P Tebt I. 2483 (ii/B.C.) one of the charges (regarding the peculations of certain officials was that they had "wormed themselves" ... into certain positions &VTt- 0 £tchs Tffc xa0* fcavTcrbg daxoXCa, "inconsistent with their own work."98 1 Ti 6 . 2 0 . Paul. &PT tKa0CoTT]p,l. be confronted with. BGfU I. 168-^ (probably 91 a .d . 169)rcp[&]s -ri[p m q I & v ]t tKaT£a[Triv] £rct AtXCov. Hb 12.4. ----- LHebrews]. dvTiXap.pdvop.ai. undertake. P Lond soi6ff# (A.D. 138-61) ... op.vdoo ... dvr iXfjp\|rac0ai tffc x P £ ta S rttctdSg xal i n i- p.EXfl)g. 92 Lk 1.54; Ac 20.35; 1 Ti 6.2. ---- Luke; Paul. ^ dvTtX&yo). protest, oppose. P Oxy VIII. 11485f^* (i/A.D.) ... dXXd dvTiX^yEtv nal p.^ 6 t6 6 vat 'ypdp.para, "not to agree now with his father, but to oppose him and make no con tract."93 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Paul. dvTCXTpilrtg. help.94 v. supra. &vt iXap.0dvopai. 88MM 46. 89L3 155. 90MM 47. 91Ibid. 92Ibid. 93Ibid. 48. 94Ibid. 13 1 Cor 13*28. - - - Paul. &VT tXoY Ca v . assault. P Petr II. 17 (3)7 (iil/B.O*) where a v n A o Y C a v ■yevoiJ.^VTl'U ^AttoXcoi refers to an "assault."95 Hb 6.16; 7.7; 12.3; Ju 11. -- [Hebrews]» Jude. dPTtrdaaci). oppose. P Oxy IV. 707ii*17»38 (e.A.D. 136) a re- 96 port of legal proceedings, with reference to the "opposing party. Ao 18.6; Bo 13.2; Js 4.6; 5.6; 1 Pt 5.5. Luke; Paul; James; Peter. d| l6co. claim. P Oxy II. 237v**14 (A.D. 186) d| l<3v t 6 t£ a npoa*nveYKa auTfi dvaHo|i.Caaa8at, "claiming to recover what I had made over to her."97 Lk 7.7; Ao 15.38; 28.22; 1 Ti 5 . 1 7 ; [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. 2 Ti 1.11; Hb 3.3; 10.29. drtoyy6Kkw. appeal. P Oxy I. 33v,6ff* (late ii/A.D.) an ac cused man exclaims, drt£p Ttfe ep.auTo'D evYevCag ... drtaYYfAA^], go "I appeal on behalf of my nobility." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; MArk; Matthew; Paul. artdYO). arrest, carry off. P Petr II. 10{2)12 o u v £ T a | e v 6 irtTip^T'ng drtaYaYeiv ^e, "^ke apparitor gave directions to arrest m e ."99 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul, drtaIT£t0. demand back. BGU II. 53036 (i/A.D.) ... dX.?U0£ t £ Hat dnaiTTTat urtbt 65v rtpoHT6pcov tKav6i>, . . . "especially security is demanded by the tax-gatherers."100 Lk 6.30; 12.20. -- - Luke. 95Ibid. 96Ibid. 49. 97Ibid. 51. 98Ibld. "ibid. 100Ibld. 52. 14 drca^\doac*). release« P Ryl II. 773® (A.D. 192) Mq ,1 drtaWaY^uai, ErciTTip^crEGog, "released from the superintendence of land under leaae."101 Lk 12.58; Ac 19.12; Hb 2.15.----- [Hebrews]; Luke. drcaAAoTpi6o>. be an alien. P Oxy VIII. 111810 (i/il A.D.), of the "alienation" of property.102 Eph 2.12; 4.18; Gol 1.21. ----- Paul. drtapd{3a,Tog. Inviolate. P Ryl II. 6518 (B.C. 67?...) a judg ment ends with yia\ raXKa t & 6 i* auTfj[g 5i ]cop iajj.£va p.€v£tv K u p i a nal drtapdpcrra, "valid and inviolate."103 Hb 7 . 2 4 .----- [Hebrews]. drcdTTi. fraud. P Ozy VII. 10207f> (A.D. 198-201) ... T 5 V d^oova Tff^ drtdTrig 6 ‘fyyoi5p.[e]vog tod £ 0 voog £ 6 t[>t]fiai, "if you can claim the assistance due to im mature age, the prefect of the province shall decide the suit for fraud."104 Mt 13.22; Mk 4.19; Eph 4.22; Gol 2.8; - -- [Hebrews]; Mark; 2 Th 2.10; Hb 3.13; 2 Pt 2.13. Matthew; Paul; Peter, drts C@e ici. rebellion, disobedienoe.105 v. infra. Ro 11.30 , 32; Eph 2.2; 4.5; Col 3 . 6 ; [Hebrews]; Paul. HI) 11* dree I0£o). disobey. P Hlb I. 7319 (B.C. 243-2) T *|V ndTptovos ptav, og dneiGcov 8 ia[T£T£\KE Totg rta]pd oov TXpooTdy\ia<9LV, "the violence of Patron, who has oontinued to dis- 101Ibid. 102Ibid. 103Ibld. 53. 104Ibid. 54. 105Ibid. 55. 15 obey your orders.”106 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Paul; Peter. ArCElGifc. disobedient.107 v. supra. Lk 1.17; Ac 26.19; Ro 1.30; 2 Ti 3 . 2 ; Luke; Paul. Tit 1.16; 3.3. 108 drtei^O). threaten. v. infra. Ac 4.17; 1 Pt 2. 2 3 . Luke; Paul. &rC£(.X^. threat. P Ryl II. 11419 (c.A.D. 280) ^{[drci- 109 X.^g |ie drtertEjJAjfEV, "drove me away with a threat.” Ac 4.17; 9.1; Eph 6.9. - - - Luke; Paul, de iJtou. renounce. Pl.Lg.928d.110 2 Cor 4.2. - - - Paul. drtetpaaTos. subject to dispute. P Tebt I. 12426 (c.B.C. 118) where certain allotments are described as dauKO Js 1.13. ---- James. drteAedSepog. freedman. "freedman of the Eknperor," drtE\£0- 0£pog KaCaapog, Syll 3717 (time of Nero).112 1 Cor 7.22.----- Paul. drt£pt(JTt&CTog. security. P Oxy VI. 8981® (A.D. 123) the deed is called ^ drt£p LartdCTog, (adj.) ... exactly like the meaning of 113 our "security" in the conmercial sense. 1 Cor 7.35. - - - Paul. *°5lbld. 107Ibid. 108Ibid. l09Ibid. 110LS 183. 1 U MM 56. 118Ibld. 113ib«. 57.------16 d 7t^xw » receive# ”1 have received” as a technical expression in drawing up a receipt ... P Par 523 (B.C. 163-2) drt^xt* rtap* Ti|ifjs 006 v i a .114 v. concordances. - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. drtKoug. simple.115 v. infra. Mt 6.22; Lk 1134.-- - Luke; Matthew. . without reserve. P Oxy II. 237^ •21 (A.D. 186) aXAo d 6 CMT)|ia etg avT&v drtX.c3g, "any other single aot of in justice against himself,”115 James 1.5. - - - James. drtOYpacpfj. tax.117 v. infra. Lk 2.2; Ac 5.37. --- - Luke. drtoYpdqxo. be taxed. P Petr II. 11(2)3 (mid iii/B.C.) ... drtoY^Ypaiiiiai 6 £ £rtt te\(Sviov t 6 olndrteSov htX.., "I have registered as subject to tax the site bringing 17§ dr. rent."118 Lk 2.1, 3, 5; Hb 12.23. [Hebrews]; Luke. drto6 eCHVV(Jil, proclaim, prove.119 v. infra. Ac 2.22; 25.7; 1 Cor 4.9; 2 Th 2.4. - - - Luke; Paul. drt6 6 £l£;i£. proof. P Oxy II. 25719 (A.D. 94-5) ko,0* [a 1 Cor 2.4. - - - Paul. djtofiC6co{j,i. pay, restore. P ELeph I11 (B.C. 311-10) ... of a 114Ibld. 115Ibid. 58. 116Ibid. 117Ibid. 59. 118Ibid. 60. 119Ibld. jibid. 17 dowry, *HpaxXeCATpr|Tp£aL Tfyj, x a T o .121 v. concordance8 . - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 122 &Jto5oKin&£c«>. reject. Lys.l3.10.x * v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. &7toxaeCaTT|p.i. restore. P Petr III. 53 (p)12 npd|ai tofcg i.yy$ov<; auroi) xal fptv dnoxaTaaTi]o[a]i, "that payment be exacted from his sureties and restitution made to us.1,123 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew. &7to kclt dor ao i g restitution.124 v. supra. Ac 3.21. - - - Luke. drtdxe ip,ai, be reserved, d. etg ^or an occasion Pl.Lg.952d.125 Lk 19.20; Col 1.5; 2 Ti 4.8; Hb 9.27. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. drtOXpCjxa. decision. IMABe (Rhodes, A.D. 51) ... edHTatdTata drtoxpCnaTa, refer to favorable decisions.12® 2 Cor 1.9. - - - Paul. drtoxp Cvopai. reply in a court of law, of an advocate or par ty in a suit.-I-2? v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul, drtdxpioig. answer.128 v. supra. Lk 2.57; 20.26; J 1.22; 19.9. ---- Luke; John. drtoX.O'Y^oiiai. make defense. P Petr III. 53(n)8 (iii/B.C.)... 12lIbid. 61. 122L3 197. 123MM 62. 124Ibid. 63. 125L3 201. 126MM 64 127Ibid. 128Ibid. 65. 18 rtp6 s atf Cav, {>rtfcp T)£ ArtjoXoYt £eTat, "t0 *»•* a charge a- 129 gainst him and make his defense.11 v, concordances. - - - Luke; Paul. ATtoKoYCa. defense.130 v. supra. v. ooncordanoes. - - - Luke; Paul; Peter. ArtoXAt ptno i £. redemption, buying back. Plu Pomp. 24(pi) .131 v. ooncordanoes. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. artoXAo). release, on receipt of ransom 11.1.95. v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew. Artov^pxi). render. P Oxy I. 71***3 (A.D. 303) a Prefect is praised as rendering to all their due - rt&cu T& t[6 ]ia Arto- v£|iig.133 1 Pt 3.7. - - - Peter. ArtocJTaaCa. revolt. Art6 Ttvog Hdt. 3.128.134 Ac 21.21; 2 Th 2.3. - - - Luke; Paul. Artocn'SpeCi). defraud. P Oxy II. 23?vi#22 (A.D. 186) jffa &rtoXeirtO(i£vr|s £p,ol HaToX^v ovoCag Eva |j.' auT^v ArtoOTf)Tat ... "a desire to deprive me of the right which I retain 135 over the property.” Mk 10.9; 1 Cor 6.7, 8 ; 7.5; 1 TI 6.5; - - - James; Mark; Paul. Js 5.4. ArtdcrroXos. messenger. P Par p. 41lf. (B.C. 191) ... a pub lic official had sent to a delinquent a messenger bearing the orders he had disregarded. - tneo]Ta\H6T(av fyicov rtpAs oe t6 v 12!lbid. 66. 130 Ibid. 131LS 208. 132Ibid. 133MM 67. 134LS 218. fl®T69. 19 &7t[6OT0\0V]. 136 v. concordances. [Hebrewsj; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 137 artoTeX.£co. nay or perform what Is due. Pl.Lg. 806e. Js 1.15* * * * James. drtOT Cvo). repay. The idea of repayment by way of punishment or fine ... Gradenwitz ELnf. 1. p. 85 n4 .138 Phlm 19. - - - Paul. drtOTOM'CcL. severity.139 v. supra. Ro 11.22, Paul. &JtO |3oi3\etcu 6v[6 ]|iaTt I\eu0dpou rb ocoh&tiov drtev&YKaofiat, "she wishes to (defend herself on the ground) that the foundling was carried off in virtue of its being freeborn.nl4° v. concordances* - - - John; Luke; Mark; Paul. drtocpedY^* fi£. free* be acquitted. D.18.103.141 2 Pt 1.4; 2.18, 2 0 . Peter. d7t6xP*l Col 2.22. - » - Paul. drt60OM-a.i. ouet. P Pay 12419 (ii/A.D.) aveu vo|iC|j.(*>v f\- p,ag drto0sCa 0a i : the editors render: "illegally ousted."143 138Ibld. 70. 137L3 222. 138MU 71. 139Ibld. 140Ibld. 72. 141LS 226. i4‘W y 2 . 143Ibid. 73. 20 Ac 7,27, 39; 13.46; Ro 11.1, 2; 1 Ti 1.19. ---- Luke; Paul. o5 dpvdop-CU. deny. Syll 356 (B.C. 6 - a letter to Augustus) a u T & s p d v "/dp dvdp.eivev dpvodp.evo[s], "persisted in his de nial."144 v. concordances.----- [Hebrews] ; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. dprCCtYri, robbery.145 v. infra. Mt 23.35; Lk 11.39; Hb 10.34. [Hebrews]; Luke; Matthew. dprtd'yp.og. robbery. Plu.2.12a.14® But v.[MM p. 78]. Phil 2.6. Paul. dprtdyco. plunder.147 v. supra. v. concordances. - - - John; Jude; Luke; Matthew; Paul. dprta|. swindler.148 v. supra. Mt 7.15; Lk 18.11; 1 Cor 5.10, 11; - - - Luke; Matthew; Paul. 6 .1 0 . &ppa(3ti5i;. earnest money. P Par 5814 (ii/B.C.) ... where a woman who was selling a cow received 1000 drachmae as dpa{3©va.149 2 Cor 1.22; 5.5; Eph 1.14. Paul. dpx^U originally. P Oxy VII. 103240 (A.D. 162) Td d| d. dm£T)TT)0dvT(X, "the statement originally required."150 v. concordances. ----- [Hebrews]; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. dcrcpdA.£ia. security.151 v. infra. Ac 5.23; Lk 1.4; 1 Th 5.3. Luke; Paul. 144Ibid. 78. 145LS 246. 146Ibid. 147MM 79. 148Ibid. 149Ibid. 81. 1 Ibid'. 151Ibid. 88. 152 aacpaX.fjg. certainty. v. infra. Ac SI.34; 22.30; 25.26; Phil 3.1; [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. Hb 6.19. &acpaX.C(;0M* 6i& to u to fcawofog dacpa\i(;6|J.evoi Tot5a6e Tofcg \tfS£\\oug £rti6t6o|JLey, "therefore to safeguard ourselves we pre sent this petition."153 Mt 27.64) 65) 66; Ac 16,24. Luke; Matthew. docoTCa. misuse. PSI 4113 (iv/A.D. ... a wife lays a com plaint against her husband for misuse of her property Hat doco- 6 [ed](bv nat rtpdTTOv [a y,f) Toig efryev£ai rtp£rti.154 Eph 5.18; Tit 1.6; 1 Pt 4.4. - - - Paul; Peter. acwTog. misused.155 v. supra. Lk 15.13. - - - Luke. 04-f dTaHT£(0, play truant. P Oay II. 275 * (A.D. 66) a con tract of apprenticeship ... when his son "plays truant" or "fails to attend" - ooag 6 * £du Iv TodTcp diaHTfjaf) f)p,£pag - the father is afterwards to make the days good.155 2 Th 3.7. Paul. if 157 aTaKTog. neglecting one*8 duty. v. supra. 1 Th 5*14. - - - Paul. dTdxTwg. idling.158 v. supra. 2 Th 3.6, 11. Paul. av8ev*r£(o. domineer Tivdg over someone. Oat.Ood.Astr. 158Ibid. 153Ibld. 154Ibid. 89. 155Ibid. 156Ibid. 157Ibid. 158Ibld. VIII 1 p. 177,7. (ii/A«D.)159 1 Ti 2.12. - - ~ Paul. deduct from. P Hib I. 6616 (o.B.C. 265) toIJtojv acpeXe, "deduct from this."160 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luka; Mark; Matthew; Paul, acpeatg. remission, release.161 v. Infra. v. concordances. - - - [HebrewsJ; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. dqpCtpi. remission. 0GI3 9012 (Rosetta stone - B.C. 196) etg T^XoS depone v, of the "total remission" of certain taxes.162 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. AcpCatrnit. renounce. P Rein 718 (B.C. 141?) iprtXeKeCs r£ |101 OUH [d]7t£aTT|i (A?) fjudYKaac ktX., "only left me after 163 he had forced me to sign." t . concordances. - - - [Hbbrews]; Luke; Paul. 159AG 120. 160MM 95. 161Ibid. 96. 162Ibid. 97. 163Ibid. 98. (3acapC£u). torture.1 v. infra. v. concordances. John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Peter. © (■Jctoaptapds. torture. v. Infra. Rv 9.5; 14.11; 18.7, 10, 15. - - - John. p d o a v o g . torture. The original sense of "touchstone," "test," appears in P Oxy I. 582® (A.D. 288), where provision is made that only such persons are appointed to certain offices as are in a position to stand the test ... For the derived sense, reference may be made to the fragment of a legal code of iii/B.C., P Lille I. 29i,22» where the Judges are empowered to employ "torture" in the case of slaves giving evidence, should it be found necessary. Tffip 6t 6ol3\wv Tt3v papTU- pt|C7dvTo»u,ol SiKaarat t?|p j3daapop Ik t<2p aoopdrcov rtoeCaGcoaap, JtapdvTcop rffiv &pti6 Ckcop, £&p p$} £k t<3v t i 6£pto)p 6 LKaia)p&TWp 3 S iSp w p t c u xpCpeiP, Mt 4.24; Lk 16.25, 28. - - - Luke; Matthew. |3aCTd£ v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. (3£{3atO£. guarantee. Dei3smarm (BS, p. 104ff.) has shown very fully how much force the technical use of this word and its cognates to denote legally guaranteed security adds to their occurrence in the NT ... Rom 4.16, 2 Cor 1.7, we may compare P Amh II. 8521 (A.D. 78) ... 1MM 104. 2AG 134. ^ 106. 4Ibid. 106, 24 ”the lease m y remain guaranteed to us for the period of five years without change** - |i £ vt )i fyuu •?] p C a e a m s |3e(3aCa Irrl t & p rtev- TaeTv[fi] XP^vov & p,£©£Ot 4 t o i >£. 5 Bo 4.16; 2 Cor 1.7; Hb 2.2; 3.6; - - - [Hebrews]; Paul; Peter. 3.14; 6.19; 9.17; 2 Pt 1.10, 19. {3£{3ai6<*). guarantee.6 v. supra. Mk 16.20; Ro 15.8; 1 Cor 1.6, 8 ; ----- [Hebrews]; Mark; Paul. 2 Cor 1.21; Col 2.7; Hb 2.3; 13.9. PePaCtOCtg. guaranteed.7 v. supra. Phil 1.7; Hb 6.16. ----- [Hebrews]; Paul. pCa. force. P Petr III. 53 (n)9 (iii/B.C.) rt]p6 s 0CctV £X£Ta'l» "k® i® forcibly detained.”8 Ac 5.26; 21.35; 24.7; 27.41. - - - Luke, ptd^ojiai. inflict violence.9 v. supra. Mt 11.12; Lk 16.16. - - - Luke; Matthew. j3Caio£. violent.10 v. supra. Ac 2.2. - - — Luke. PlpX.(ov. petition, document. The distinction between book and paper easily vanishes when it is only a question of a single roll of greater or smaller length: the (3if3\,Cov drtoOTacCov of Mt 19.7 ... is a document comparable with the petitions.11 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. {3i g o t i k 6 s . business. P Tebt I.529 (a.B.C. 114) has E T e p a (3i o t i h & OTJiapo^a, ”other business documents,” a good illustration 5Ibid. 107. 6Ibid. 108. 7Ibid. 8Ibid. 109. 9Ibid. 10Ibid. 110. U Ibid. 25 of the NT passages (Lk 21*34; 1 Cor 6.3f.).12 Lk 21.34; 1 Cor 6.3, 4. - - - Luke; Paul. p \ a p e p 6 s. damage.13 v. Infra. 1 Tl 6 . 9 . Paul. pXdrtTW. damage. The verb is very common for "damage" in a legal sense. Thus P Petr III. 26® &7tOT£ ladTCt) b KlSpTOS TG01 {3\acp0£l?T I, t 6 pxdpo? 0 av KaTapkdilrnt, "the owner shall pay to the injured person the amount of damage done."14* Mk 16.18; Lk 4.35. -- - Luke; Mark. |3\aoqpr||ji6a). slander.15 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - James; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. pXaacpripCa. injurious speaking. The etymology ... seems to suit beat its original meaning of "injurious speaking." Vo concordances. - - - John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. (3\dccpTip,os. slanderous.17 v. supra. Ac 6.11, 13; 1 Ti 1.13; 2 Ti 3.2; - - - Luke; Paul; Peter. 2 Pt 2.11. Pofi0£l»Ci. assistance. The word is perpetually recurring at the end of petitions. P Par 35 (B.C. 163) T o d T O U 6 & ,y£l?0|l£vo'tf 18 ecoiicu t e t u x &S T,ns mop* fyi 0OT{0d Mt 15.25; Mk 9.22, 24; Ac 16.9; ----- [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark 12Ibid. 13Ibid. 14Ibid. 15LS 317. 16Ibid. 318. 17Ibid. 18MM 113. 19Ibid. ------26 21.28; 2 Cor 6.2; Hb 2.18; Rv 12.16. Matthew; Paul. Po*nG6 g. asalatant.20 v. supra. Hb 13.6. ---- [Hebrews]. {3otA £ 13(*>. confer. It is used of a judge conferring with his assessors in Ghrest. II. 372iv'19 (ii/A.D.) Eu6a[C]yxov pou X e u - y on ad|ievog oi>p t o Cs Jtapo[v]cu einev m t X. Lk 14.31; J 12.10; Ac 5.33; 15.37; 27.39; ---- John; Luke; Paul. 2 Cor 1.17. ^ov^-T). counsel.22 v. supra. y . concordances. [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. {3ov\^|ia. purpose. It is used with reference to the contents of a will in P Lond 171b20 (iii/A.D.) ... T& lp'ye (3ol5\op.at. will, wish.24 y . supra. v. concordances. All NT writers. ppapetSd). be judge, rule. P Par 6370 (B.C. 165) Ttvl T a u T d (3pa(3ei>0‘?ipai, "that these things are administered reasona bly."25 Col 3.15. — — — Paul. ^Ibid. 114. ^Ibid. 115. 22Ibid. ^Ibid. 24Ibid. ^Ibid. 116. p 27 Y^vos. kind* P Pay 2l10 (A.D. 134) etT* £u ye'veoip elt* £v dpYupC(p "Whether in kind or in money."1 v. oonoordancea* - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 2 Yedo|i.at. to have experience of ... u6 uxov Pl.Lg. 752.C. v. concordances. — - - £Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. YCvopat. he made; be given, (etc.), rtioid. y,, opnot o. 3 pledges are given, oaths taken ... D.19.158. v. concordances. -- - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. Yivd&axco. judge. determine, decree. Ttapav6 u.a>C •ypcoaBe faa SCatTa D.33.33.4 v_. concordances. [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 7vf\crto^. legitimate. In the earliest dated Greek papyrus, P ELeph I3 (B.C. 311-10) ... a marriage contract begins \a|l{3&V£l *HpaK\£C8eg At^titpCou Kdnav YOPaCKa YvrjcCav, "as his lawful wedded wife."3 2 Cor 8 .8 ; Phil 4.3; 1 Ti 1.2; Tit 1.4. ---- Paul. YvriaCcog. lawfully.** v. supra. Phil 2.20. Paul. •YV(5p,fl. consent, purpose, decree. P Oxy I. 5412 (A.D. 201) YVtopn Tou xotvov TtJov &Px6 ptgop, "in accordance with the de- 7 cision of the council of arohons. Ac 20.3; 1 Cor 1.10; 7.25; 40; -- - John; Luke; Paul. 1MM 124. 2L3 346. 3Ibid. 349. 4Ibid. 350. 5MM 128. 6LS 354. 7MM 129. 28 2 Cor 8.10; Phlm 14; Ev 17.13, 17. YV(i)pC£(0. certify, certify a person’s identity, BGU 581.13 (ii A.D.).8 v. concordances. - -- John; Luke; Paul; Peter. YV&aig. inquiry, investigation, esp. judicial.T&g tg5v Q SlKaGTTlpCctfV D.18.224. v. concordances. ---- Luke; Paul; Peter. Ypd{i|jia. letters, decrees. Deissmann (LAE, p. 380) has drawn attention to the technical use of the phrase in the East for Imperial letters and decrees, e.g. Syll 415 (A.D. 204), which is headed lepd *Ypdp,|j,ata.10 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Paul. 7pap,^iair£i5g. public officials ... the word had as large a range as our "clerk" or "secretary". Thus P Gisa I. 45^ (Hadrian’s reign) ... £ v 0d 8e T) t8 u [Kw]iioYpa(4 ±G.T£a rj YpainiaT^a [au]ro[u, "the clerk of the village council, or his clerk."** v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. YpCWtT6 g . written.*2 v. infra. Ro 2.15. - - - Paul. YPCKp'f). writing, document, contract.*5 v. infra. v. concordances. James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter* Ypdcpw. write. Deissmann (B3, pp. 112 ff. 249 f.) has shown the wide-spread juristic use of the "biblical" Y^ Y P aTtTa*» with reference to the regulative and authoritative character of the docu- 8LS 355. 9Ibid. *°MM 131. **Ibid. *2Ibid. 132. *3Ibid. 29 ment referred to**-4 v. aonoordanoes* - [Hebrews]; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew Paul; Peter. 14Ibid. 30 A 8eCKVU(it. cite, prove. P Oxy II. 237vi*21 (A.D. 186) ) ou6Ep,Cou ji&v oute u|3pip oute aU o &6CKTpa Etg cxdt&v &TiK&<; £ v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 5£op.ai. entreat. The verb has a regular use in petitions ad dressed to sovereigns, as distinguished from those addressed to magis trates ... P Lond 4526 (B.C. 160-59) ... 6£o(1CH $>p,0)V &rtOOT£ t\£ I [10U T?)V EVTuf; IP irtX KuSCap- petition addressed to King o Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra. v. concordances. - — Luke; Matthew; Paul. blov. that which is needful, fitting. P Pay 10712 (A.D. 133) ftp&S Tt)V 66ovcrav £rt££o6o[v, "for fitting punishment. "3 Ac 19.36; 1 Ti 5.13; 1 Pt 1.6. Luke; Paul; Peter. 6flX.0S. proof, clear. P Oxy VIII. 110112 (A.D. 272) oTl 61 KEK(i)\uT(H TtapA T0 ig v6p.Ol£ TOUTo, "that this is forbidden by the law is clear.”4 Mt 26.73; 1 Cor 15.27; Gal 3.11; 1 Ti 6.7. ---- Matthew; Paul. 6r|?v.6<*>. reveal, disclose. A legal or quasi-legal tone predomin ates ...5 v. supra. 1 Cor 1.11; 3.13; Col 1.8; Hb 11.8; — - [Hebrews]; Paul; Peter. 12.27; 1 Pt 1.11; 2 Pt 1.14. XMM 138. 2Ibid. 141. 3Ibid, 4Ibid. 144. 5Ibid. 31 Sffyios. popular assembly, •••as a technical term denoting a political body, see Ferguson, Legal Terms common in the Macedonian In- C. scriptions and the NT, Chicago, p. 38 ff. Ac 12.22; 17.5; 19.33. - --- Luke. 6 id. brjr (hand). 6 l& xe tpoog ot money paid "by hand,” "di- 17 rectly,” ubiquitous in commercial documents. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 6taf3dX\(o. accuse. P Tebt I. 234 (c.B.C. 119 or 114) &7t£ 6 iapaX.erv, "had been compelled to complain to D.w, 8hows that Q malice need not be assumed in Lk 16.1 any more than falsehood.0 Lk 16.1. *• — — Luke. 6 vcx^e{36on.&i. confirm. CPR 1829 (a process for inheri tance— (A.D. 224) t c S 6t *Aqppo6 ta(ou 6ia{3e(3ai(oadtJ,epou, "Aphrodisios having confirmed ...’,9 1 Ti 1.7; Tit 3.8. ---- Paul. SldYY^XXco. proclaim, declare. *tp6 s T t v a Philipp.ap.D.12.16.10 Lk 9.60; Ac 21.26; Ro 9.17. - - - Luke; Paul. Sta'Yiuti&aKCx). decide, determine. The phrase 6 (3aaiXet>s 6 taYV Ac 23.15; 24.22. --- - Luke. 8 idYP(*)CHg. decision.-*-8 v. supra. 6Ibid. 7Ibid. 145. 8Ibid. 146. 9Ibid. 147. 10LS 391. 11MM 147. 12Ibid. 32 Ac 25,21. - - - Luke. fiiaOfytT). testament. will. OGIS 3587 (B.C. 133) of the in strument by which King Attalus of Pergaraum devised his country to Rome.*® v.(&M on NT use). v. concordances. [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul 6 taKov£o>. serve. P Oxy II. 275*° (A.D. 66) a lad is appren ticed by his father - 6 io,kovou(v)tcu xat rCoto[\5]vTa Ttdvra T& £ 7tiTaaa6 (ieva auTip, nto serve and to do everything commanded him. "14 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul Peter. SldxovoS. servant. There is now abundant evidence that the way had been prepared for the Christian usage of this word by its tech nical application to the holders of various offices.1** v* concordances. - - - John; Mark; Matthew; Paul. SianotJu). give a hearing, is common in the judicial sense .. P Geiss I. 46 H (time of Hadrian - petition to the Praefect) f» 16 |j.£v o b t 6 v foi) vo^xoC Pot)06v 6icuto\5ocn . Ac 23.35. - - - Luke. dtanpCvw. examine, Judge, decide. 6iaKpCuea0aC Ttvi is "to have one’s case with so-and-so decided.rt The use illustrates Jd 9, where Michael is pleading his case against the devil before God.17 v. concordances. ----- James; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. Sidwpicrtg. examinetion.18 v. supra. 33 Ro 14,1; 1 Cor 18,10; Hb 5.14. ---- [Hebrews]; Paul. 6ia\oYC£opai, reason with.19 v. Infra. v, concordances. — - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew. 6 1aX.O'Y 1 decision. The judicial reference of this word ... might perhaps be directly recognized In Jas 8.4, "Judges who give corrupt decisions." ... P Tebt I. 2735 (B.C. 113) £rtl TOV aixrra06vTO£ rrp6g 6ta\oYlC<|j1o'U, "at the inquiry instituted 20 against you."w v. concordances. ---- James; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul, 6ia\t3w. dissolve, put an end. Michel 1001Tiii*6 (c.B.C. 200) where it is forbidden to make any proposal, <5)q See Car) Siahuaat t 6 k o i v &u ei T&q GuaCag t &s rtpoYe^papiJt^va^, "to break up the society or (intermit) the aforementioned sacrifices. "2-*- Ac 5.36. - - - Luke. StapapTtipot-iai. call to witness. {3oav hclI 6. D.18.23.22 v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. Siap^PO), remain, continue. P Oxy II. (A.D. 186) i'va] 8* [o]vv (3[ep]aCa te nal etc array Siap^urj tu>v StaoTpw- lidTOV T| XP’H** order that the use of the abstracts may become se- 2% cure and permanent." Lk 1.22; 22.28; Gal 2.5; Hb 1.11; - - - [Hebrews]; Paul; Peter. 2 Pt 3.4. SiaaeCco. extort. P Tebt I. 432^ (B.C. 118) auKorpapTT)- 0(3p,ey Siaaeiap^vwv, ••• "be subject to false accu- 19Ibid. 151. ^Ibid. 21Ibid. 22LS 403. ^ M M 152. 24 sations and extortions** Lie 3 * 14 ♦ ■ ^ Luke • StaaT^Wco. order. P Rein 720 (? B.C. 141) 6 t,acnraA£vTos, 25 "it having been ordered in the contract." Mt 16.20; Mk 5.43; 7.36; 8.15; - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; 9.9; Ac 15.24; Hb 12.20. Matthew. 6taaTp6 TtavT&Ttcxai 6 taaTpa|j.|jL^Pot TdJv dufptSrttiJV, ... Kennedy (EGT ad.l.) aptly compares the Scotch expression "thrawn," "having a twist" in the inner nature.26 Mt 17.17; Lk 9.41; 23.2; Ac 13.8, 10; -- - Luke; Matthew; Paul. 20.30; Phil 2.15. . on 6 1 0 ,7077 ). ordinanoe. v. infra. Ac 7.53; Ro 13.2. - - - Luke; Paul. 6ldTa?Yp,a. edict, testamentary disposition. P Oxy X. 128227 (A.D. 83) k o0* o e B e r o o IIartov7o3£ &7t6 T e 7tepif|v 6 1 6 .7 0 7 ^ 0 , "in accordance with the disposition made by Papontos in his life time."28 Hb 1 1 . 2 3 . ------[Hebrews]. 5 10 7 daoco. order.29 v. supra, v. concordances. - - - Luke; Matthew; Paul. 6107 C6r)|JLI,. decree, ordain, dispose of property by a will. The regular formula of a will is 7d6e 6t£0£7o.30 Lk 22.29; Ac 3.25; Hb 9.16, 17; 10.16. [Hebrews]; Luke. 6iacp£pO>. be worth more. P Oxy Ix. 120411 (A.D. 299) t 6 24Ibid. 153. ^Ibid. 154. 26Ibid. 27Ibid. 155. 28Ibid. 29Ibid. 30lbid 6tacp£pov |i£pog nal t <3v drtocpdaewv o u t g )£ e x e t » 35 "the essential part of the proceedings and the judgment being as fol lows," with reference to certain legal proceedings may be taken as supporting Moffat’s translation of Ro 2.18 ... "and with a sense of what is vital in religion."31 v. concordances. - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 6tacpG£Cpa>. falsify, ruin. IN P Oxy I. 9535 (A.D. 129) it is used in connexion with the failure of a contract, jp aujiPfj rtaparceaiv rj aWux; rcfflg 5ia Lk: 12.33; 2 Cor 4.16; 1 Ti 6.5; Rv 8.9; 11.18. John; Luke; Paul. 6 (6(0|j,i. render, (an account) P Oxy X. 12819 (a loan - A.D. 2l),£q>* oh Hop.t£op.£voi> [tou] ’iuxj'fi rtoi> touto. rtp6 T£pov 6(Sct£t X.6y o [ v ] toTJtcov, "on condition that when Jo- rznt seph receives it he shall first render an account of it." v. concordances. [Hebrews] ; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. Sind^O). judge, condemn, take legal proceedings. P Oxy II. 237vii.32 185j 6 e 6 iHda0ai {>7x07130)?; rcp6 c adtdv, "had fZA recently brought an action against him." Lk 6.37. - - - Luke. 6 iKatonpiaCa. righteous judgment. v. infra. Ro 2.5. - - - Paul. SC k c h o s . legally exact, just. v. infra. 31Ibid. 157. 32Ibld. 33Ibid. 159. 34Ibid. 161. 35Ibld. 36Ibid. 162. 36 v. concordances. - - -[Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter, 37 eixaioativri. righteousness, justice. v. infra. v. concordances. - - -[Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 6 1KCt1. vindicate, justify, pronounce righteous. In P Ryl II. 11914 (A.D. 54-67) the reference is to awarding a verdict in the courts: dfjiwaCwaev drtoSouvai tp&s t6 xe0d\tov xat d p a H o p C c a o O c u T*p> £rto0f)K,nv, "k® decided that we should re pay the capital sum and recover the mortgage," The case was before a 6 lKato66TT)£ and ^ e verb gives an interesting contemporary illus- 38 tration of Paul's usage. v. concordances. ---- James; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 39 6tKaCo)|ia. justification. v. supra. Lk 16; Ro 1.32; 2.26; 5.16; 18; - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Paul. 8.34; Hb 9.1, 10; Rv 15.4; 19.8. SiKdClDs. Justly.40 v. supra. Lk 23.41; 1 Cor 15.34; 1 Th 2.10; Ti 2.12; Luke; Paul; Peter. 1 Pt 2.23. 41 6iKaCoi£. Justification, acquittal. v. supra. Ro 4.25; 5.18. - - - Paul. AO 5i,KCX0Tfjs. a Judge. Eu 81.** Lk 12.14; Ac 7.27, 3 5 . Luke. 6 C k t |. penalty, punishment. P Pay 2124 (A.D. 124) orc[oog] Tf)g drco0Cag ... £ k i v o i Tfp> rcpoa'fixo'ucav 6 Ckti[v 37Ibid. 38Ibid. 39Ibid. 163. ^Ibid. 162. 41U3 429. 42Ibid 37 $.]rt6ox Ac 25.15; 28.4; 2 Th 1.9; Ju 7. ---- Jude; Luke; Paul. 6l6p0Wjia. revision. P Po t . Laws 57.1. (lli B.C.).44 Ac 24,2, - - - Luke. * e 8l6p0WGt^. reformation, new order. (Pla.,Leg. 1 p. 642A). Hb 9.10.---- [Hebrews], 6irt\oUS. double. P Amh II. 33 (c.B.C. 157) ... reference is made to the severe penalties incurred by advocates who had assisted persons charged with defrauding the Treasury. No longer were they al lowed to practice, and had to pay to the Crown ... twice the sum (of the damage) increased by one tenth.w - 8i7t\oi>V t 6 £rti6£KaT0V.46 Mt 25.15; 1 Ti 5.17; Rv 18.6. - - - John; Matthew; Paul. * 47 OICOKG). prosecute, accuse, as a law term AppBC4.50. v. concordances. - — [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 66'Yp£t. decree, not the regular word in republican Greece for a decree of the and the 6^p,0£ but was specially used for a decree of the Roman Senate. ... Syll 93060 (B.C. 112) ££iryx\^Tov 66Y|J.aTo Lk 2.1; Ac 16.4; 17.7; Eph 2.15; Col 2.14. - - - Luke; Paul. So'Yp.aT C£o. decree by ordinance.49 v. supra. Col 2*20* * * *• Paul# 15 5 o vouchsafe« aocount, think. P Tebt II. 335 (a pe- 43MM 163. M Is 434. 45AG i98. 46MM 165. 47LS 440. 48MM 166. 49Ibid. 38 tition to the Praefect (?) - middle of iii A.D.) e[ gg t o i o U v t o v e6o|aq Ke^etJeiv, you really did vouchsafe to 50 give such orders." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. Sowip,d£Q). prove by testing, accept as proved; approve after 51 scrutiny as fit for an office Lys 16.3. x v. concordances. - -- John; Luke; Paul; Peter. 6o«l(JiaaCa. testing, examination.52 v. supra. Hb 3 . 9 . [Hebrews]. BowCfltOV. testing. P Tebt II. 39222 (A.D. 134-5) x p w C o v [6] o k C|110U, "standard gold."53 Js 1.3; 1 Pt 1.7. - - - James; Peter. 66xi|j,0C. approved.54 v. supra. Ro 14.18; 16.10; 1 Oor 11.19; 2 Cor 10.18; ---- James; Paul. 13.7; 2 Ti 3.15; Js 1.12. 66oi£. installment, debit» P PetrIII. 418»19 66otv, "the second instalment."55 Phil 4.15; Js 1.17. - - - James; Paul* 8ovX.a*Y(i)Y€a), make a slave.56 v. infra. 1 Cor 9 . 2 7 . Paul. SovXeCa. slavery.57 v. infra. Ro 8.15, 21; Gal 4.24; 5.1; Hb 2.15. - - - [Hebrews]; Paul. 58 8ou\evco, be a slave. v. infra. 5°Ibid. 5*LS 442. 52MM 167. 53Ibid. 54Ibid> 168. 55Ibld. 169. 56Ibid. Ibid. 8Ibid. 170. v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 59 8od\r|. bond maid. v. infra. Lk 1.38} 48; Ac 2.18. — Luke. 6o u X.O£. slave. For the Pauline SouXos XptCTou ••• Deissmann ... (LAE p. 323 ff.), in which the phrase is set in the light of old Greek custom, and especially of the right of manumission as evidenoed by the Delphic inscriptions ... the familiar title "slave of the flnperor," ... BCH xxvii. (1904) p. 195, ’Ay o (,0O7T66i SodXtp t o u KupCou auTonpdTopog.60 v. concordances. ---- James; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 8ou\6(i>. enslave.61 j, supra. Ac 7.6; Ro 6.18, 22; 1 Cor 7.15; 9.19; ---- Paul; Peter. Gal 4.3; Tit 2.3; 2 Pt 2.19. 6tiva|ii. enjoy a legal right. 6. Tift ^eopYCag &rCr)XXdx- 0ai P Oxy.899.31. (ii/iii A.D.)62 v. concordances* - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. p A3 8uvap,i£. authority, power. v. supra. v. concordances. - — [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul Peter, 6uvdOTr]g. sovereign, sovereignty.64 v. supra. Lk 1.52; Ac 8.27; 1 Ti 6.15. - - - Luke; Paul. 6vvaT6s. able.65 v. supra. v. concordances. - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; 59AG 204. 60MM 170. 61Ibid. 62L3 452. 63Ibid. 64MM 172. 65Ibid. 40 Matthew; Paul. 8 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Paul. 67 6(opedp. grant, (to hold land by a royal grant).0 ' Mt 10.8; J 15.25; Ro 3.24; 2 Cor 11.7; ---- John; Matthew; Paul. Gal 2.21; 2 Th 3.8; Rv 21.6; 22.17. 5(3pOP. presents, as retaining fees or bribes D. 18.109. (Attic law).®8 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 66Ibid. 174. 67LS 464. 68Ibid. 465. £dw.(oP )forbid, prevent, esp. of the law, Aeschin.3.31.^ v. concordances. --- - John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. &YYpd evYpacpo^ auvaX\aY?l rtCaTiv Hat &Xfj9[eiav E]xei, "every valid 2 written contract is valid and accepted. 3 Cor 3.3, 3. ■ — — Paul. &yyvo$. security. P Oxy I. 386 (A.D. 49-50) ... "on my secur ity. "3 Hb 7.32. - - - {Hebrews]. dyttdGEToS. suborned. D.Ep.3.34.4 Lk 20.30. - - - Luke. &yH$k£(ti. accuse,bring charges against. P Eleph I7. (B.C. 311-10) ... ImdrildTa) 6fe *HpaK\eC6eg 6 n av dYxaXfii Ari}jir|TpCat £pavTCov &v6p65v TpiuSv, "aa* let Herakleides state whatever charge he makes against Demetria in the presence of three men."3 Ac 19.38, 40; 23.28, 29; 26.2, 7; Ro 8,33. - - - Luke; Paul. eYRXrijia. charge, accusation.3 v. supra. Ac 23*29j 25*16* ■ Luke* ^YwpCvw. enroll* NSgeli (p* 56) compares the use in the inscrr. g. ei$ t o &£ l(f>f\$ov<; "enroll," as CIG II. 2?15a#11 (c.A.D. 20).7 2 Cor 1 0 . 2 . Paul. ei6og. kind, the recurrent formula in the papyri rtavtdg 1LS 466. hM 178. 3Ibid. 179. 4LS 469. 5MM 179. 6Ibid. 7Ibid. 216. 42 El6oD£ » not every kind," found in business documents -passim, e.g. in P Tebt I. 5821 (B4.C. 111).8 Lk 3.22; 9.29; J 5.37; 2 Oor 5.7; — - John; Luke; Paul. 1 Th 5.22. e Ik &V. description. QGIS 903 (the Rosetta Stone - B.C. 196) e U 6 v o s 6(6cJtiq Totf Al6s, witl1 reference to Ptolemy Epiphanes.9 v. concordances ---- [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. elrtov, propose, etrteiv t& 6£ovtci D.3.15.10 v, concordances. - - - All NT writers, etp'nvortoi&d. to make peace. Cat.Cod.Astr.2.203.11 Col. 1.20, - - - Paul. elodyu). bring in. introduce. P Oxy II. 259*8 (A.D. 23) where a man who had been "arrested" for debt is described as t &v eta- rrY|i£vov, 12 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke. efoeitu. come into (court), of judges ... D.18.210. of the 13 parties to a law suit, come before the court.D.19.211. Ac 3.3; 21.18, 23; Hb 9.6. [Hebrews]; Luke. eta£pX0|KH. enter upon. P Oxy II. 237viii*17 (A.D. 186) Tbv p,eC£ova &yo5va e[t] v. concordances. - — [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. ei'ao&O?. entranoe-door. of the court of justice. Arist. 8Ibid. 182. 9Ibld. 183. 10LS 489. 11Ibid. 490. 12MM 187. 13LS 494. 14I v M 188. Ath.63.2.15 43 Ac 13.24; 1 Th 1.9; 2.1; Hb 10.19; ---- [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul; 2 Pt 1.11. Peter. eto Mt 6.13; Lk 11.4; Ac 17.20; 1 Ti 6 . 7 ; [Hebrews]; Luke; Hb 13.11. Matthew; Paul. IxpdkXti). banish. BGU IV. 105015, a marriage-oontract of the time of Augustus, where a man is bound over not to ill-treat his wife, £Y{3d\\eiv * aWiryu Yuvaixa ineio&yciv, "nor to put 17 her away, nor to marry another woman in addition to her.t,J-' v. concordances. - -- James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. £ k 6t p £(0, go abroad, leave one*s country. P Tebt II. 31620 (A.D. 99) 6k {jL£TapaCv£i)|iev r) d767ifjK5|iev [|i]eTa6{j5aa)|i,ev ktX.., "but if we change our residence, or go abroad, we shall give notice."48 2 Cor 5.6, 8, 9 . Paul. £ k 6 CStojit. lease. let out, issue. P Eay 343 (A.D. 161) £ x - 6<3vai au|i,po\a, "to issue receipts."19 Mt 21.33, 41; Mk 11.1; Lk 20.9. -- - Luke; Marie; Matthew. £x6lK£tt). vindicate. avenge someone. P Amh II. 13440 (early ii/A.D.) where Heliodorus is urged to take action on behalf of Peteus ... iK&\.XT\oai a$T6v, f,to vindicate him."20 Lk 18.3, 5; 2 Cor 10.6; Rv 6.10; 19.2. - - - John; Luke; Paul. £ k 6 CKTjCHg. vengeance.24 v. supra. 43LS 496. 18Ibid. 497. 17MM 191. 18Ibid. 192. 19Ibid. 20Ibid. Ibid. 193. 44 Lk 18.7, 8; 21.22; Ac 7.24; 2 Cor 7.11; - - - [HebrewsJ; Luke; 2 Th 1.8; Hb 10.30; 1 Pt 2.14. Paul; Peter. II Op £ k 6 i k o ?. avenger. * v. supra. Ho 13.4; 1 Th 4.6. - - - Paul. £ k k \ t)C7Ccx. assembly. For the "inclusive" as distinguished from the "exclusive" character of the Greek £HK\T|CrCa ... we may cite the case of an £xKX.T|a{a summoned at Apamea - dyoiJ^vrig rtav6'%iou inHkr\otaq ,2 3 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Paul. £ k \ e k t 6g . chosen.24 v. infra. v. concordances. - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. choice. P Oxy III. 49615(A.D. 127), provision is made that in certain eventualities the "choice" will rest with the w 25 bride - SxXoYffc oooTjg 7tepl Ttiv Ymoui^vnv . Ac 9.15; Ro 9.11; 11.5, 7, 2 8 ; Luke; Paul; Peter. 1 Ti 1.4; 2 Pt 1.10. InoiSatog. voluntary. P Byl II. 17423 (A.D. 112) £x[o]l5oiov KaT[o]x^V, "voluntary notification" of a claim with referenoe to the repayment of a loan.23 Phlm 1 4 . Paul. £xol5oia)g. willingly.27 v. supra. Hb 10.26; 1 Pt 5 . 2 . [Hebrews]; Peter. ^KrtCJtTOJ. fall out of. be released. Michel 827 A*-4 (mid iii/ B.C.)t<5 te v6(JLlcp.a t6 ^KrtertTCOxdg dpt0|ju3i, of coins that have 22Ibid. ^Ibid. 195. 24Ibid. 196. 25Ibid. 26Ibid. 27Ibid. fallen out of use,2® 45 v. concordances, - - - James; John; Luke; Mark; Paul; Peter, 29 iKCpelfya). to be acquitted, of persons accused Ar.V.157. Lk 21,36; Ac 16.27; 19,16; Ro 2.3; ---- [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. 2 Cor 11.33; 1 Th 5,3; Hb 2,3, 30 £\aTT6oo. be depreciated. P Tebt.382.13 (iB.C,). J 3.30; Hb 2.7, 9 . [Hebrews] ; John. M 31 eX.EYX0^. proof, conviction. v. Infra. 2 Ti 3.16; Hb 11.1. ---- [Hebrews]; Paul. convict. P Amh II. 3S34 (c.B.C. 157) Tig Tffiv MaTapXartTSvTtov T&g rtpoa66oug I^ e y x G ^ i ovvrfYop'fi- aag rtspl 7tpdYp.aT6g Ttvog, o &t 6 v t e rcpbg ’fpSs |ieT& cpu\anf)g dTtlOTE C\ v. concordances. [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. IXEU0ep(a. freedom.33 v. infra. v. concordances. ---- James; Paul; Peter. £\El50epog. free.34 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - John; Matthew; Paul; Peter. !\EuG£p6&>. make free. P Oxy III. 494*6 (A.D. 156) e K e u 6epouijl£ vcou 6oi5X(ov awjjtdTiou, with reference to certain slaves whom the testator had set free Mar* EUVOtav Kal qu\op- ?®Ibid. 197. S9Ibid. 200. ^ L S 528. 31MM 202. 33Ibid. 33Ibid. 203. ^Ibid. ------46 OTopYfou* consequence of their good will and affec tion.”35 J 8.32, 36; Ro 6.18, 22; 8.2, 21; Gal 5.1. ---- John; Paul. eX.M(t). compel, Impress. P Par 63883(B.C. 164) ... bnbp Jv 8eT e\Kea0at etg t?jv Y£(opYCav, "concerning the 36 persons who should be impressed for labor in the fields." J 6.44; 12.32; 18.10; 21.6, 11; ---- James; John; Luke. Ac 16.19; 21.30; Js 2.6, 7. iXk&y&s). set to one’s account. P Ryl II. 243-L3-(ii/A.D.) where two women write to their steward - oca rtorb ouv t&V dvava\d)or|s ... tg t^v top KVfjpou xaTepYaaCav, ^uXdYIl^OP \6yov, "put down to our account everything you 37 expend on the cultivation of the holding." Ro 5.13; Phlm 18 . Paul. IjipaTElJa). enter on. take possession, a will of iii/B.C. P Eleph 2^4» where in event of their parents leaving debts, right is re served to the sons not to "enter on" the inheritance - £|£c t (i) Toig rzQ utotg |i*i £ji(3aTel5eiv, dfiqi p.t) potfXamai. Ool 2.18. Paul. £mi£po>. comply. P Oxy I. 3816 (A.D. 49-50) ... Tov 6b Ztfpov (3ovX.op.6vov £p,£ivai Toig KEnpipfvoig, "Syrus, 39 however, refuses to comply with my judgment." Ac 14.22; Gal 3.10; Hb 8.9. [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. £prtaC(; 35Ibid. 36Ibid. 204. 37Ibid. 38Ibid. 205 . 39Ibid. 206. ^ L S 543. v. concordances* - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew* 41 £^reCrCT(o. be thrown* e£s 6eapo>Tfjpiov D*25.60. Mt 12.11; Lk 10.36; 14.5; 1 Ti 3.6, 7 ; [Hebrews]; Luke; 6.9; Hb 10.31. Matthew; Paul. £|i7TX.£xa). be^ involved In. P Tebt I. 39^7 (B.C. 114) xat £rce^0(i>i? ouT«g & npo7E7pa|i|j,6vog nal ^ toi5tov 7 uv$| Tavaipig £p,r0v,ex£vTeg (jloi xat 86vTeg 7tkayb.<; n k eCoi>g, ••therefore the aforesaid and his wife T. closed with me and gave me many blows."42 2 Ti 2.4; 2 Pt 2.20. ---- Paul; Peter. £(icpai>r)g. manifest.42 v. infra. Ac 10.40; Ro 10.20. - - - Luke; Paul. £p, v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew. £ p 6 e Ck v u |j u . prove. P Magd 310 (B.C. 221) £v6ei£<£- p,e0a t & 6i& Tfjg £vT£t5^eu)g o v T a &A.T]0fi, ,,if we prove 4.R that what we set forth in the petition is true." v. concordances. [Hebrews]; Paul. ^pfilKog. legal. Pl.Lg.915d.48 Ro 3.8; Hb 2 . 2 . [Hebrews]; Paul. £v€xo). be subject to. P Oxy II. 237Yiil#;L8 (A.D. 186) 41Ibid. 545. 42MM 207. ^Ibid. 208. 44Ibid. 45Ibid. 211. 46LS 560. 48 T oCg t ETCt'YlJ.^'UO I g ertlT Cp.otgepex<$p.£vog, '’subject to the legal 47 penalties. ** Mk 6.19; Lk 11*53; Gal 5.1. - -- Luke; Mark; Paul. £vvopo^. legal.48 v. supra. Ac 19.39; 1 Cor 9.21. - - - Luke; Paul. £uotx£o>. dwell. P Tebt II. 37212 (A.D. 141) £ Ro 8.11; 2 Cor 6.16; Col 3.16; 2 Ti 1.5, 14. ---- Paul. £vopxCf>. adjure. CIG IY 9288.6.50 1 Th 5.27. - - - Paul. evoxog. liable to penalty. P Oxy II. 275®** ... (A.D. 66) ... £&v 8£ xal a-&T&[g &] nToX.ep.aCog p.fj £7 6 i6d|r| t6v 7TaC[6]a, euoxog £'aTu> roCg looig £rtiTe[ (]p.oig, "but if ptolemaeus himself does not teach the boy thoroughly, let him be liable to like penalties. ',5^ Mt 5.21 ter; 26.66; Mk 3.29; 14.64; - - - [Hebrews]; James; Mark; 1 Cor 11.27; Hb 2.15; Js 2.10. Matthew; Paul. £vt£X.X.(0. command, £. oot xat £jUTp£7tio, ? Lips.38.5. (iv A.D.)52 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew. £vToX.fj. commandment, royal ordinance P Teb.6.10. (ii B.C.).53 v. concordances. -[Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; 47MM 214. 48Ibid. 216. 49Ibid. 50AG 267. 51MM 217. 52LS 575. 53Ibid. 576. IvTUYXd-W0* -petition, P Tebt II. 2979 (c.A.D. 123) t o u t o ^rtiYVofcs b auur)Yopoi5iievog ivlT v\e Te[i]|iOKpdTei, « 4, "on learning this, my client appealed to T." Ac 25.24; Ro 8.27, 34; 11.2; Hb 7.25. - --- [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. £vcfirtlov. in person. P Tebt I. 14*® (B.C. 114) rtapTfy- R R Ye\>t6T£g £v v. concordances. [ l i e brew4] ; James; John; Luke; Paul; Peter. e|aYopd£(U. buy back, (at the expense of personal watchful- 56 ness and self-denial), v. supra. &'yop&£(i). Gal 3.13; 4.5; Eph 5.16; Col 4.5. -- - Paul. IgaiT&i). demand. T&V £X.Ei;0£pou I. D.29.14.5? Lk 22.31.----- Luke. £|aHoXou0^co, be released, follow. P Oxy IX. 12039 (late i/A.D.) £7 X0.0 6|iEuo£ tt)s ^aKoXtoluGotfoTjg auttp e^GtSvtis, "heedless of the reckoning that would follow."8® 2 Pt 1.16; 2.2, 15. ---- Peter. £|aX£CcpO). cancel, strike name off. D. 39.39.59 Ac 3.19; Col 2.14; Rv 3.5; 7.17; 21.4. -- - John; Luke; Paul. ££av&araais. emigration. Tivffiv Ih Tfj$ oiheCa$ Str.2.3.6.60 Phil 3.11. Paul. £(;apT CO . completely furnish. P Amh II. 938 (A.D. 181) £XaioupYtov ... £vepy6p ^Opnajji^vov anaou, "an oil 61 50 press in working order and completely furnished." x Ac 21.5; 2 Ti 3.17. ----- Luke; Paul. ££sA.£YXfccoavict. in a court of justice - put to proof. A.Eu.433.®2 Ju 15. - - - Jude. £^OM«oK.c>'y£o>. acknowledge, avow openly. P Hib I. 30^8 (B.C. 300-271) o u t c T(p TtpdMTopi f)(3oi5\oD iloiioCX.OY'noJaoBat, "nor were willing to acknowledge the debt to the collector." ^ v. concordances. - - - James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. ££oiX7Ca. right, given by law P Oxy II. 237vi*17 (A.D. 186) tod u6m.ou 5i86dtos |ioi iiovotav, kt\.54 v. concordances. - --- [Hebrews]; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. e|oucu&f;io. have power.65 v. supra. Lk 22.25; 1 Cor 6.12; 7.4. — — — Luke; Paul. &Tt&yu>. bring against. P Ryl II. 14421 (A.D. 38) er t 61 Hat dToXn'naeu 7t06voug ... |ioi lixayayeiv cuTCag tod |i?i ovTa<^ "moreover he had the audacity to bring baseless accusations against me."»66 Ac 5.28; 2 Pt 2.1, 5. - - - Luke; Peter. £rt(XKo\OD0£a>. ensue, result. P Ryl II. 12619 (A.D. 28-29) ou p\d[3oc Hot £7tr)x\ou0T)Oev. . .o u k o A.£y o u , "by which no small loss resulted to me."®7 ®XMM 222. 62LS 590. S3MM 224. 64Ibid. 225. 65Ibid. 66Ibid. 227 7Ibid. 228. 51 Mk 15.20; 1 Ti 2.21; 1 Pt 5.10, 24. ---- Mark; Paul; Peter. £rtap6p0CiXJig, correction. P Oxy II. 237viii*30 (A.D. 186)Ma^ to i rtoXAdtug Kpi0£v {?n6 t<3v rtp5 £jjiod £ndpxcov xfjg 8£odarig avT& TuyGiu dTTGvopOoxJEwg, "although my predeces sors often ordered that these (abstracts) should receive the neoes- CQ sary correction." 2 Ti 3.16. Paul. £rt£pXO|iai. come upon, assault. P Byl II. 11612 (A.D. 194) £nf|\0£ (ioi jiETd Z£pr]Vou, "assaulted me with the aid of Sere- nus."69 v. concordances. ---- James; Luke; Paul. fempdWo). fall due. P Hib I. 1153*22 (c.B.C. 250) £rUf3d\X.£i of installments of money falling due.73 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. £rtlpovM). Plot. P Oxy II. 237vi*31 (A.D. 186) Ttp6cpaoig 6£ £ a n u £7U|3oDVns, "a pretext for plotting against rne."7^- Ac 9.24; 20.3, 19; 23.30. - - - Luke. , r/p £7ti7ivcoOK(j). know, v, supra. £v t u y x &W0. v, concordances. ---- Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. ^TtCYVGOOig. knowledge.73 v. supra. v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; Paul; Peter. ^TCl'Ypdqxi). register or enter in a public list. £ruypd\JrcH oflpfig auTobg EmTpd^roug is.6.36.74 Mk 15.26; Lk 23.38; Ac 17.23; - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark. j^lbid. 229. 69Ibid. 231. 70Ibid. 235. 71Ibid. 236. 72Ibid. 73Ibid. 237, 52 Hb 8.10; R\r 21.12. ^7tt8eCxpup.1 . prove. I, t n>& 6oDpo8oH'/iaavTa 75 prove that one took bribes. Mt 16.1; 22.19; 24.1; Lk 17.14; ----- [Hebrews]; Luke; Matthew. 20.24; 24.40; Ac 9.39; 18.28; Hb 6.17. £ t u 6 laTdaaojJLat. determine. in inscrr. from Asia Minor with 76 the specialized meaning of "determine by testamentary disposition." Gal 3.15. Paul. ertCne t^Ldi. impose, of penalties Arist.Pol.l297a18.77 Lk 5.1; 23.23; J 11.38; 21.9; - - - John; Luke; Paul. Ac 27.20; 1 Cor 9.16. litt\a|i.pdvo|J.a,i. arrest, make a siezure of tw v TtaCSun? D.33.9.78 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. ^Ttt|iapTup£u). bear witness to. P Grenf I. 381® (ii/i B.C.) rrept oiv (particulars of an assault) T o ^ S nxipdvTag £rcep,ap- Tupdp,T]V, "I called those present to witness."7® 1 Pt 5.12. - - - Peter. £7UOpx£co. swear falsely. Pl.Lg.948®.80 Mt 5.33. - -- Matthew. ^TtCopHOS. perjurer.81 v. supra. 1 Ti 1.10. £7ti7tX'fyjaa). punish. P Tebt I. 4123 (c.B.C. 119) t ^ xtii TT1S dpp.o^odCT'p^ £ r u r e v i e w s , "may receive suitable punishment."82 75LS 629. 76MM 238. 77LS 637. 78Ibld. 642. 79MM 241. ^ L S 649. S1A G 296. a2MM 243. 9 83 ErtCaimoS. 3tamped, esp. of money ... x p w A s Hdt.9.41. Mt 27.16; Ro 16.7. - - - Matthew; Paxil. prz lrtiax£rtTo|iCH, examine, Indulge Into. P Petr 11.10(1) (a complaint from the Royal Gooseherds) ArtoaT£iX.CH f]jjLa)V t6 ftrtOjJ.- vrpa stg t6 XoYiaTfjpiov drtiaxgxIraaGai, "that you should 84 send our minute to the Treasury Office to be examined." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; Luke; Matthew. • Qp" Ertiaxort&o. examine. v. supra. Hb 12.15; 1 Pt 5.2. ---- [Hebrews]; Peter. drtiaxorflr). government inspection.88 v. supra. Lk 19.44; Ac 1.20; 1 Ti 3.1; 1 Pt 2.12. ---- Luke; Paul; Peter. drtCaxortog. overseer. P Petr III. 36(a)verso^7 ... £rt[t] Ton? djto6E6£t7 |ji£vcov IrttoxdrtCDV, "in the presence of the ap- 87 pointed supervisors." Ac 20.28; Phil 1.1; 1 Ti 3.2; Tit 1.7; Luke; Paul; Peter. 1 Pt 2.25, drtiaT^X.X.0). instruct, communicate. P Oxy IX. 11948 (c.A.D. 265) 6dvaTai iruaTa\fjvat. r$ OTpaTrwLv t]& Siovra, "***> proper measures can be communicated to the strategus."88 Ac 15.20; 21.25; Hb 13.22. - -- [Hebrews]; Luke. drtiaToX.^. letter, despatch, receipt. P Giss I. 10520 (v/A.D.) k - M n s drtt.aToX.Ag it is = "receipt."89 v. concordances. - - - Luke; Paxil; Peter. inneXito, accomplish ... with the execution of a deed P Oxy ill. 483.34 (A.D. 108) 615 irtiTekeiTe &<; Ka0f|)<(£i). v. concordances. - [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul; Peter. IrUT CG'HlJLl. set a seal on. BGU361 iii 22 (ii A.D.),9^ v. concordances.---- John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. £rti.T ipdco. censure, lay under a penalty.92 v. infra. j, concordances. - - Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. ^TUTl^Ca. punishment, penalty. P Oxy XII. 14687 (c.A.D.258) Toi£ in t£5v udpxov u>ptap£votS £rUT£i|j,C(HS, "i^e decreed pen alties of the law.”9® 2 Cor 2.6, Paul. £rUTp£rC0). commit, entrust, to another as trustee, guardian £. Tivt t6, rtprfYp.aTa Hdt.6.26.94 v. concordances. --[Hebrews J John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. £rUTpo7?ri. office of guardian.95 v. supra. Ac 26.12. - - - Luke. £7tCTp0Jt0£, guardian.9^ v. supra. Mt 20.8; Lk 8.3; Gal 4.2. Luke; Matthew; Paul. ETUTUYX&M* attain, gain one’s suit. D.48.30.97 Ro 11.7; Hb 6.15; 11.33; Js 4.2. - - - [Hebrews]; Jamas; Paul. IrUQpdveia. epiphany, in late Greek to denote any conspicious QQ intervention on the part of higher powers. 2 Th 2.8; 1 Ti 6.14; 2 Ti 1.10; 4.1, 8} Tit 2.13. ---- Paul. Irucp^pw. bring forward. P Oxy III. 4729 (o. A.D. 130) 55 6 id tC 6 * ^rcfjpEXEv t 6 evxXthjlo, tcu>tt) 6f|X,ov, "why he brought the accusation is now clear.”99 Ac 19.12; 25.18; Ro 3.5; Phil 1.16; Ju 9. - - - Jude; Luke; Paul. £rtlX£ip£d>. endeavor. P Par 63112 (B.O. 164) ... et Q V V - avaryxd^eiv £tux®ipoCti npoa6£xecj0ctt» one were to endeavor to compel them to accept the (work)#"100 Lk 1.1; Ac 9.29; 19.13. - - - Luke. SrtortTetio). keep watch, ot rtepl Tot>£ vdjioug Inort- T El3oVT ££ Pl.Lg.95ld.101 1 Pt 2.12; 3 . 2 . Peter. £ttOTtTVis. eyewitness.-102 v. 3upra. 2 Pt 1.16. - - - Peter. ep'Hp.OS. (adj.) by default. EOT^ot) (ScpX.£ 6 Ckt|U he let it go by default, D.21.87.103 v. concordances. -- - Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. £pr||j,6co. abandon, desert.104 v. supra. Mt 12.25; Lk 11.17; Rv 17.16; --- John; Luke;Matthew. 18.17, 19. e v 6ok£(i). give consent. P OxyII. 26117 (A.D. 55) e u d o x e T 7 &p rfffie Tf) a vaTdaE i, "for she gives her consent to this ap pointment •rtl®5 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 23 EDJTElG'fis. compliant, from legal document BGU IV. 1104 "ibid. 100Ibid. 101LS 676. 102Ibid. 103Ibid. 687. 104Ibid. 105MM 260 56 106 (B.C. 10) tou fcrckp TotiToau EUJteiSfi Y £ 7 0 i?€vai. Js 3.17. - - - James. 106Ibid. 263 z 57 £ipC &veuTt£i59uv “shall be liable to no fine or penalty of any kind."* Ac 27.10, 21; Phil 3.7, 8 . ---- Luke; Paul. 2 £t)^h6w. fine. v. supra. Mt 16.26; Mk 8.36; Lk 9.25; - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 1 Cor 13.15; 2 Cor 7.9; Phil 3.8. £iyr£(0. investigate.3 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. pr ^f|Tri(jLa. issue, claim. P Oxy IX. 1188 (A.D. 13) "knowing that you will be held accountable in any inquiry concerning the facts that remain unknown."4 Ac 15.2; 18.15; 23.29; 25.19; 26.3. ---- Luke. £f)TT]ats. official or judicial inquiry.5 v. supra. John 3.25; Ac 25.20; 1 Ti 1 . 4 ;----- John; Luke; Paul. 6.4; 2 Ti 2.23; Tit 3.9. 273. 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4Ibid. 274. 5Ibid. H 53 i* 1 T) truly. Used in oaths and asservations. This spell ing which is found in the TR of Hb 6.14, ... occurs in iii/B.C. papyri ... P Rev Llvi#8 (B.C. 259) ^pnCoai tv lepau r\ pTiQev&s akkov evenev Tt|i? £t)Trjaiv rtoisiaQat, MTo swear that the o search is made for absolutely no other purpose.” Hb 6.14. --- - [Hebrews]. ‘fjY^OIJ.CH. rule, have -power. P Ryl II. 658 (B.C. 67?) ou6evl fyyfjoaTo k o .06 trrepioxtJcov t)|ioig £rtt T&v Tdrtcov, •'(reports which) he scorned in virtue of his superior local power.” v. concordances. -[Hebrews]; James; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. f)XlK(a. legal age. P Oxy II. 24713 (A.D. 90) rtpoOTp^XOV- Tl Tfj ^VVO|lcp fyuxCa, "approaching the legal age.”4 lit 6.27; Lk 2.52; 12.25; 19.3;-- - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; John 9.21, 23; Eph 4.13; Hb 11.11. - Matthew; Paul, fpdpa. day, esp. of the day of judgment ... AvGpcortCvr] a day appointed by ei human court 1 Cor 4.3 (cf. the inscr. on a coin amulet Il/lII AD where these words are translated 'human judgment').8 v. concordances. - - - All NT writers. ■f|aux^Sw * submit. P Tebt II. 3308 (ii A.D.) o©£V OU 8uvdp.[e ]do£ f|aux&£e tv £ru 6 C6(jop.t, "wherefore being unable to submit to this, I apply to you.”8 Lk 14.4; 23.56; Ac 11.18; 21.14; 1 Th 4 . U . Luke; Paul. XL3 761. 276. 3Ibid* 277. 4Ibid. 279. 5AG 347. 6MM 281 Gavda tp.0S . liable to the death penalty.1 v. infra. Mk 16.18. Mark. 0avaTT)cp6pos. death bringing.2 v. infra. Js 3.8. - - - James. GdpaTog. death. The well-known insor. at the entrance of the inner court of the Temple at Jerusalem, threatening all who were not Jews with the penalty of death for entering, ends, og & ’ av \T) (OGIS 5987. i/A.D.).3 v. concordances. -- - [HebrewsJ; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. BavaT6oo. condemn to death by sentence of the law.4 v. concordances. -- - Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 0app£ Oxy II. (A.D. 186) £&v 00-PPf) Tot£ Ttfe KCtTT)Yop Cae; l \ £ y X T ^v p.£CCova dyffivcx £[ t ]aeA.£i5GET(ii, "If he has confidence in the proofs of his accusation, he shall enter upon the 5 more serious lawsuit." 2 Cor 5.6, 8 ; 7.16; 10.1, 2; Hb 1 3 . 6 . -[Hebrews]; Paul. 0£IOS. divinity. The word is very common with an "imperial" oonnotation ... Priene 105*^ (c. B.C. 9) the birthday of Augustus is described as - T?]V Toi? 0iqoTdTOU KaCcrapo[s Ac 17*29; 2 Pt 1.3, 4. -- - Luke; Peter. 0£ t 6Trtg. divine nature.7 v. supra. ^■LS 784. 2Ibid. 3MM 283 . 4L3 784. 5MM 284. 6Ibid. 285. 7Ibid. 286. Ro 1.20. Paul. 60 Q 0£67tveuaTos. Inspired by God. v. MM 2 Ti 3.16. Paul. 0e6s, God. It gives one a thrill to find the very combina tion of Jn 2028 applied in BGU IV. 11971 (B.C. 4) to Asclepiades, ap. M 9 parently a high official - T v. concordances. - -- All NT writers. 8Ibid. 287. 9Ibid. lSl0S. 0118*3 own. Thus in the interesting papyrus in which proceedings are instituted for the recovery of a foundling child that had been put out to nurse, the defendent asserts that the foundling had died, and that the child now claimed was her own child - t 6] l [ 6 l ]6v JJ.OU t £ k 1?0V (P Oxy I. 3?ii*1-(A.D. 49).1 v. concordances. - --- All NT writers. t6id&TTiq. private citizens. In Syll 847^° (Delphi-B.C. 185) the witnesses to a manumission are the priest, two representatives of M l 2 the apxovTes and five i6o<3Tai "private citizens.” ... lay- 3 man in contrast to an expert or specialist of any kind. Ac 4.13; 1 Cor 14.16, 23, 24; 2 Cor 11.6. --- - Luke; Paul. IepoootA£(x>. rob temples is used in its literal sense of rob bing temples in Syll 2378 *10 (end of iii/B.C.) £|Mfy|av Tofrg lepoduXriKoTag . . . Mat aXka auTot £ktt]|j.£v[oi] rjaav ot tepoauAfiaauTeg tspd £>y£vouto tooi Gecoi, with reference to those who had stolen part of the Phocians* &vd0£|j.a at Delphi.4 Ro 2.22. - - - Paul. tnavdg. security. BGU II. 53038 (i/A.D.) ... drtatTiTai 6rt& TO>u TtpaHTopcou tnavdv, "security is demanded by the taxgath- erers."„5 v. concordances. - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. iKaudTTig. to be empowered.^ v. infra. 2 Cor 3.5. — - - Paul. tKavdci). empower. P Tebt I. 208 (B.C. 113) £&v \oydp ta 298. 2Ibld. 3AG 371. 4MM 301. 5Ibid. 302. 6LS 325. 62 &7TaiTd>vTai lxava)0f)vat ae fi^xpt Tov |i£ txapayevefoQai,, "If accounts are demanded consider that you have full powers until my 7 arrival." 2 Cor 3*6; Col 1.10. — Paul. Ik e TT|P(a. supplication, petition. P Oxy I. 71i*3 (A.D. 303) t?]u lK[£T]r)pCav JXpoodyw eveXrtig <3v Tffo dnb tou aou iiey^- 0OU£ StKaiopWlcCag TUX£ tV, "I make my petition to you with full O confidence that I shall obtain justice from your highness.0 Hb 5.7. [Hebrews], tpd£. whip. An edict of iv/A.D., P Oxy 12. 11862 directed against the use of the whip (IjidvTEg) in the punishment of free men, has - rfc t^u 6 id tiSv liiduTwv X/ryrap i [. ]a)i; £mxoop C(D£ outo> xaX.ovp.^uu5v atxECau {uto|i£v£iv iavlv nat ln\ rffiv 8ou\ik^v TUXTJU £t\r|x6T(*>V dviapdv, "subjeotion to the punishment of scourging, called in the native speech ..., is even for those of ser- Q vile estate lamentable." Ac 22.25. - - - Luke. QQ ICFTrpi. set up. ... as in Jn 8.3, Ac 1.23, al^ see P Pay 20 t o u t o u t o u £M-ou 66y |k x t o s dvrCYpcupa Toig xa.0* £xdaTr)v rt6X.iv apxouaiu Y£u£a0(i) 6rtip.eX.ks etg t 6 6ti|j,6o i o v [xdAiapa katdv- [ai] advorrra t o i s dvaYiYvwaMouaiu, nl®t the rulers of the several cities see that copies of this my ediot are set up in full view of those who wish to read."’1'8 v. concordances. All NT writers. 7m 302. 8Ibid. 9Ibid. 304. 10Ibid. 307. Caxtig. validity.11 v. infra. 63 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Paul; Peter. icxtito. be valid. The special use in Gal 5.6, Heb 9.17, occurs in P Tebt II. 286 7 (A.D. 121-138) uo|J.^ a d m o q [oo]6£v eicrxtiei, 12 "unjust possession is invalid." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; James; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. n ll>ia. 308. 12Ibid. 64 xaGaCpecis. overthrow. Jul.Caes.320d.1 2 Cor 10.4, 8; 13.10. ---- Paul. xa6atp£w. oondanm. ^ xaGaipouaa ^cpos a verdict of guilty, Lys.13.37.2 Mk 15.36, 46; Lk 1.52; 12.18; 23.53;------Luke; Mark; Paul. Ac 13.19, 28; 19.27; 2 Cor 10.5. xaGapdg. free. P Oxy X, 127713 (A.D. 225) X U pCa f| rtpdaig d.rtkr) Ypacpeiaa xaGapd, ("free from mistake").3 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Pater. xa9f|XU). be proper. P Ehy 107® (A.D. 133) 7XO^CFaoGaL Tt]i> KaGfjxouoau &va^f)Tr)atu, "to hold due inquiry."4 Ac 22.22; Ro 1.28. - - - Luke; Paul. xd6r)|J,ai, sit, (as judge, as court) ot xaGf|lJ.evot D.6.3.5 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. xa9C£a>. sit, (judicial). PSI 7. 50221 (B.C. 257-6) xaGCaavTeg etg t 6 tepdv. v. concordances. [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. xdxoxug. Ill usage. (Attic law) D.10.40.7 Ac 7.34. - — — Luke. xa?\.£co. summon. CP Heim I. 2614 et Soxet a[ot] x^riGfivat ... aoTods, where the referenoe is to summoningor calling as a witness.8 *LS 849. 2Ibid. ®MM 311. 4Ibid. 312. 513 853. ^ 312. 7LS 865. ®MM 318. v. concordances* - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. Kauojv. standard, of the law Lycurg.9.9 (V. also Ifflsj). 2 Cor 10.13, 15, 16; Gal 6.16; Phil 3.16. ---- Paul. KaTa(3pa(3ei5(o. rob of a prize, condemn t i v & (Didymus I BO/ I AD ).10 Col 2.18. - -- Paul. 5 hclt ayy £ \ \ b ) . make proclamation with authority. Syll 364 (A.D. 37) £net I] hcxt' eux^v rr&atv duSpiSrtois iXjtioOEiaa TaCou KaCaapog repp,aiHKov SepaaToO frye^-ovCd narf\v- YeX.tch. i:l t . concordances. --- - Luke; Paul. 1C MClTcry l vti&CJKG). be condemned. P Flor II. 175 (A.D* 255) etfi&s o t i [ev t ]o {Jt o KaraYuooGfjg [ou] auTou aiTios Y e Cvt) "knowing that if in this you are condemned, the blame will 1 2 fall upon yourself.’1 Gal 2.11; 1 J 3.20, 21. - - - John; Paul. KcrraS tKd£o). condemn.^-3 v. infra. Mt 12.7, 37; Lk 6.37; Js 5.6. - - - James; Luke; Matthew. KaTa6tKT]. condemnation. P Hib I. 32^ (B.O. 246) ... a cer tain Neoptolemus - rtp&g KdTaSCKT|V £prjp,oi> uj3p£ (6paxM-dg) a, "who had been condemned by default for violence to a fine of 200 drachmae • Ac 25»15» “ — Luk^t naTCi6oiA6(b. reduce to Blavery. Michel 1417 A8 (Delphi - 9LS 875. 10AG 410. i:LIvM 324. 12Ibid. 325. 13Ibid. 14Ibid. 326. i/A.D.) ini kclta&ov\i(J[l& i, "with, a view of making him a slave,"15 2 Oor 11.20; Gal 2 . 4 . Paul. HCXT&Kp i(J£t. a judgment, fine. P Tebt II. 29865 (A.D. 107-8) XaTaw[p ] t [(iduov) ], (etc.), the reference 1b to "fines."16 Ro 5.16, 18; 8.1. - - - Paul. HaTCLHptvO), condemn. P Petr I. 1612 (B.C. 230) 6Xk& KaTaHpLBiji poo, "but if the case be decided against me."1^ v. concordances. - -- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. KCtTdupioi£, condemnation.18 v. supra. 2 Oor 3.9; 7 . 3 . Paul. KaTCtAap^&va). impound, appropriate. P Oxy 231. 141314 (A.D. 270-75) KaTe£>wT]Cpa rtipov, "I have impounded the property."19 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Paul. K aT a \ £ ‘YU). enroll. Michel 1652 (ii/B.C.) xcltclK b -~ YeCor^ij Kavr|cp6poo, "enrolled as basket bearer."20 1 Ti 5.9. — - Paul. aaraKKay^, exchange. P Hib.1.100.4 (iii B.C.).21 Ro 5.11; 11.15; 2 Cor 5.18, 19. ---- Paul. HCLTaWdoou. change. Plu.Arat.18.22 Ro 5.10 bis; 1 Cor 7.11; 2 Cor 5.18, 19, 20. ----- Paul. kcitclX vio. abolish, annul. l)6|i,oug Isoc.6.66.23 v. concordances. - — - Luke; Marie; Matthew; Paul. KaTap.apTupfo). bear witness against. xaT& t inis' D.28.3*24 Mt 26.62; 27.13; Mk 14.60; 15.4. Mark; Matthew. 15Ibid. 16Ibid. 327. 17Ibid. 328. 18Ibid. 19Ibid. 20Ibid. 329. LS 899. “^ i d . ^IbidT^Ibid. 900. 67 xaTCundw. descend to. an heir, is very common in the legal sense, BfflJ IV. 116921 (B.C. 10) rjcrtep (jteTTiWaxuCag KaTf|PTr]K£v tg a v r o K t & TalJtTig.25 v. concordances. - — Luke; Paul. KaTCL^pov^CD. worst» P Oay VIII. 1101® (A.D. 367-70) {3ovX6 p,evot Toi>g 6ta6tKouv[Tag ndvu njaTartoviv, wia their de sire thoroughly to worst their adversaries at law."26 Ac 7.24; 2 Pt 2.7. - - - Luke; Peter. KaTaocppayC^o). seal. OGHS 266^8 (iii/B.c.) t d T£ on ypdmiaT* dvoCou) Kaieccppaytc|idva. Rv 5.1. - - - John. KaTacp0£ Cpo). injure. P Petr II. 1 2 ( 2 ) (B.C. 241) where a petitioner demands investigation (for injury to persons) into certain charges against her adversary - tva T&v rtXeCw Xpdvov 28 MaTacpGeCpwjiai, 2 Ti 3.8; 2 Pt 2.12. ---- Paul; Peter. Kcrracppovfu). insult, is associated with petitions from de fenseless people wronged by those who presumed on their defenseless ness ... p Oxy HI. 147015 (A.D. 336) Tfjg -?)]|JLeT£pcxg 29 opcpavCag KaTacppovoSv. Mt 6.24; 18.10; Lk 16.13; Bo 2.4; - - - [Hebrews] ; Luke; Matthew; 1 Cor 11.22; 1 Ti 4.12; 6.2; Hb 12.2; - Paul; Peter. 3 Pt 2.10. KaTacppovryr^g. desplser.50 v. supra. Ac 13.41. - - - Luke. 25MM 330. S6Ibld. 331. 27Ibld. 333. 88Ibid. 334. 29Ibid. 30L3 920. 68 KaTCLXpdojiai. abuse. P Tebt II. 33412 (A.D. 200-1) where a woman, complains that, after the death of her parents, her husband carried off all they had left her ... n[a\ au]T&S xcrrtl[xP'nTCU, 3X "and is using it up.H 1 Cor 7.31; 9.18. ---- Paul. kcxt£ h (o . possess. P Tebt I. 547 (a royal ordinance - B.C.118) KpaT£i]v a>v HaTeaxfiHaoi, wMi(pcov), "shall have the legal own- 32 ership of the lands which they have possessed.” v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. KCLTT|'YOp£(i). accuse. P Oxy II. 2 3 7 ^ ^ *2^ (A.D. 186) ej p,*^, rtdpT££ Ipovatv o t i HaTiYyopb), otherwise every one will 33 say that I am your accuser." v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. KCrrri'YopCa. accusation.5^1 v. supra. Lk 6.7; J 18.29; 1 Ti 5.19; Tit 1.6. John; Luke; Paul. KaTfj'Yopocj. accuser. v. supra. J 8.10; Ac 23.30, 35; 24.8; 25.16, 18; Rv 12.10.---- - John; Luke. KaTT)x£<*>. instruct. P Strass I. 4137 (A.D. 250) t ou- 6€rtoTe kcltf|XT|0£i>, ...... an advocate speaks.36 Lk 1.4; Ac 18.25; 21.21, 24; Ro 2.18; -- - Luke; Paul. 1 Cor 14.19; Gal 6.6. k c i t o Ik CCg). right of domicile. P Tebt II. 37212 (A.D. 141} ioiHiv nal £poikC£iv ... tv Tf) rcpoK£[1 otxCq,, "to 37 have the right of domicile in the aforesaid house." Js 4 . 5 . --- James. 31MM 335. 32Ibid. 336. 33Ibid. 337. ^Ibid. 35Ibid. 36Ibid. 37Ibid. 338 69 m e l (iaI • pledge, ordain, of law3, KeiTai v6[iO£ the law is laid down, E.Hec.292.38 v. concordances. - - — John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 39 x£\EVG(j,a. call, summons, order. _v. infra. 1 Th 4 . 1 6 . Paul. 21 x e X etSgo. decree, command. P Tebt II. 327 (late ii/A.D.) k e ] k£ \ei;o|ji^vou o u v , xtipiE, Y[u]ua,rollaQ aq>£Co8cu t 65v t [o i o ]i5t (i)U X P S ^ u , "wherefore, my lord, since it has been de- 40 creed that women should be exempt from such burdens." v. concordances.----- Luke; Matthew. W£p6aCva). derive profit, t I xcpSdvco; what shall I gain? Ar.Nu.259.41 v. concordances. James; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. A? XTfjpuYiia. public announcement.' v. infra. v. concordances. - -- Luke; Matthew; Paul. x ^ p u | . messenger.43 v. infra. 1 Ti 2.7; 2 Ti 1.11; 2 Pt 2.5. ----- Paul; Peter. xripOGGO). proclaim publicly, command. Tivt Ti Th.1048..44 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. xt(3coT6g. chest. P Tebt II. 2991 (B.C. 231) 7t£rtT(i)KEV ElS xtpcoTov,... with reference to the depositing of documents ... in the "official" chest. Mt 24.38; Lk 17.27; Hb 9.4; 1 1 . 7 ; -[Hebrews]; John; Luke; 1 Pt 3.20; Rv 11.19. Matthew; Peter. x\r]povoii^(a. inherit.46 v. infra. 38LS 934. 38Ibid. 936. 40MM 340. 41LS 942. 42lbid. 949. 43Ibid. 44Ibid. 45I\M 343. 4QIbid. 346. ~~ v_. concordances. - - - [HebrewaJ; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. KX,T|povoiiCcx. inheritance.47 v. Infra. v. concordances. - - - [ HebrewsJ; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. K\*ripov6|JiOS. heir, responsibilities ... are illustrated from the Macedonian Insorr. by Ferguson Legal Terns, p. 56 ff., e.g. No. 80 - e t &£ 6 K?vr|pov6iJ.os 6 napartSp.i1/n t i , Stfiaet t # Tap,teC<») S r p d p i a i|/v. "But if my heir neglect anything he shall pay to the treasurer a fine of 750 denarii."48 v. concordances. [Hebrews]; James; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. nX.ffpos. lot. P Fey 1253 (ii a.d.) >ta\d>s [rtoif|]a£is, <3T6eX.q>£, dp,e\f|aag to[v] xMipotf tov o t paTT^ytxov, "you will do well, brother not to neglect the ballot for the strate- gus."4® 7. concordances. ----- John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. K\T}p6co. be assigned or ohosen.50 v. supra. Eph 1.11. - - - Paul. HX/naig. calling. A section of the long legal P Hal I. 1 (mid iii/B.C.) is headed - 2 2 2 E i £ jiapT [up C]av xX.fjat£, "a call to witness."8^ v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Paul; Peter. x \ t]t 6 s . called, ol k X,T)To C denotes that the call has been 47Ibid. 48Ibid. 347. 49Ibid. 50Ibid. 51Ibid. 348. obeyed."52 v. supra. v, concordances. - - - John; Jude; Matthew; Paul. K^Cvn. bier. Syll 8772^- (e.B.C. 420) ... Had we later au- 53 thority, it would be tempting to apply this in Rev 2.22. v. concordances. - -- John; Lutes; Mark; Matthew. Kotu6s. common.54 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews] ; Jude; Luke; Mark; Paul. k o i i ?6gj. share.55 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Ma.tth.ew. KOIvov^co. share, the proclamation by a Prefect. F Oxy XII. 140825f• (A.D. 210-14), where reference is made to differing methods of sheltering robbers - ol 7&p xoiixov^uvTeg Tffiv &6l ktj]|A&T(ov ■6rto8^XOi>Tai, "some do so because they are partners in their misdeeds."56 Ro 12.13; 15.27; Gal 6.6; Phil 4.15; - - - [Hebrews] ; John; Paul; 1 Ti 5.22; Hb 2.14; 1 Pt 4.13; 2 J 11. Peter. KoLVCOvCa. partnership.57 v. supra. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Paul. k o i v c o v i k 6 s . common.58 v. supra. 1 Ti 6.18. - - - Paul. k o i t x o u 6 s . partner.59 v. supra. v. concordances. - - -> [Hebrews]; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. xo(J.C£oo. recover, receive back, in connexion with recovering a debt, getting it paid - P Hamb I, 275 (B.C. 250) T?)V 6£ Tl|JL^V ourtco IxexdjiiaTo.60 v* concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 72 KO Eph 6.18. Paul. k o C|*6s . government. Th.4.76.62 v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. Kparafos* ruling.63 v. infra. 1 Pt 5.6, - - - Peter. KpaT&j). become master of. rule. P Oxy I. 33 verso7,13 (late ii/A.D.) n[p(3Tov Kataap e]a(oae K\eoJtdTp[av] £xpd- TTiaev f3aai[\eCag, "in the first place Caesar saved Cleo patra’s life when he conquered her kingdom.1,64 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. KpdTo?. nower.65 v. supra. v, concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Jude; Luke; Paul; Peter. KpCpat. Judgment.56 v. infra. v, concordances. - — All NT writers. KpCvco, judge. P Petr III. 264 (iii/B.C.) 86 Ti TauTa xpCwil T] Kp C0Tjt axvpa earco, “and if anyone judge or be judged contrary to these regulations, the decisions shall be invalid.**67 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul Peter. KpCctg. judgment, trial.68 v, supra. y. concordances. - - - All NT writers. KpiTtfjptov. tribunal. standard.69 v. supra. 1 Cor 6.2, 4; Js 2.6. --- - James; Paul. KptT^S. judge.70 y. supra. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrewsj; James; Luke; Matthew; Paul. WTdopai. acquire.71 y. infra. Mt 10.9; Lk 18.12; 21.19; Ac 1.18; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 8.20; 22.28; 1 Th 4.4. HTTpa. property, possessions. P Hyl I. 28182 (iv/A.D.) 6eaTt6Trig ecrrcu rtoWcSv dyaGcov uat KTrpdTcov, "he will be master of many blessings and possessions."72 Mt 19.22; Mk 10.22; Ac 2.45; 5.1. - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew. XTi^TOp. possessor, owner.75 y. supra. Ac 4.34. - - - Luke. k t ££<*>. found.74 v. infra. v. concordances. - - - John; Mark; Paul. ■ M W W k t Cats. founding, in connexion with the NT usage for the Creation ... Hicks (CR i. p. 7} draws attention to x t Cc h s as the regular term for the founding of a city, e.g. Polyb. ix.1.4.75 v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; John; Mark; Paul; Peter. colony.76 y. supra. 1 Ti 4.4; Js 1.18; Rv 5.13; 8.9. - - - James; John; Paul. k t CoTT]g. founder.77 y. supra. 1 Pt 4.19. - - - Peter. xupiaxdg. Imperial ownership.78 y. infra. jj9Ibid. 361. 70Ibld. 71Ibld. 72Ibld. 362. 7gIbld. 74Ibid. 75Ibid. 7 Ibid. 77Ibid. 365. ?aIbid. 364. 1 Gor 11.20; Rv 1.10. John; Paul. ?4 Hup l • own, be master.79 j, infra. Lk 22.25; Ro 6.9, 14; 7.1; 14.9; -- - Luke; Paul. 2 Cor 1.24; 1 Ti 6.15. KtfplOS. possessor, master. P Amh II. 13511 (early ii A.D.) 6 Ktipios Tf} Y rtpo^YPa^ ei; h & S * "the “a®1101, wrote us on the 3rd" - with reference to certain instructions which the writer of the letter had reoeived.80 v. concordances. All KT writers. wupi6Tr|S. dominion, authority.81 v. supra. Eph 1.21; Gol 1.16; 2 Pt 2.10; Ju 8. - - - Jude; Paul; Peter. Kpp6u). ratify, confirm, (in) the sale of property the pur chaser undertakes if the sale is confirmed to pay a certain sum into the government bank - P Amh II. 9714 (A.D. 184-192) ... adding that he will remain in undisturbed possession and ownership forever -17 £&]v 2 Cor 2.8; Gal 3.15. - - - Paul. ku)X.i5(D. forbid.83 v. supra. fifjAos. v, concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; liark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 79Ibid. 80Ibid. 365. 81LS 1013. 6Zm 366. 83Ibid. XctYX^Vto. obtain by lot. ... may be illustrated by P Tebt II. 3825 (B.C. 30-A.D. I) X e X o v x ^ v c h J& £rti.p&\\ov iiot |i^pog, "that I have obtained by lot as the share falling to me. Lk 1.9; J 19.24; Ac 1.17; 2 Pt 1.1. ---- John; Luke; Peter. Xa(i(3&V(jO. i'*'8 ordinary sense of " r e c e i v e " g e t ," as in Mt. 1 ft 7,8; J 3.27, is naturally very common ... P Ryl II. 122 (A.D. 127) \aj3o)V t6 ttittAkiov t6 &k6\ov0ov rtoCei, "on receipt of this document, act in accordance with it."2 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. \£y(s>, say. Noteworthy for Rv 2.1, 8 al. is the use of \£yei (kt\.) or td6e \£yzi as a formal and solemn phrase to intro duce the edicts of the Emperors and magistrates. ... Syll 576^ (A.D. 67) Auroxp&TOjp Kaioap XiyEi- Nero’s speech at Corinth giving 3 liberty to the Greeks. v. concordances. ---- All NT writers. \ e tToupy&o. perform service. P Oxy IV. 7314 (A.D. 8-9T£ Ac 13.2; Ro 15.27; Hb 10.11. [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. X e i t o u p y Cci. service.5 v. supra. Lk 1.23; 2 Cor 9.12; Phil 2.17, 30; ---- [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. Hb 8.6; 9.21. £ \eiToupYlA6s. service. v. supra. hm 368. 2Ibid. 369. 3Ibid. 372. 4Ibid. 5Ibld. 373. 6Ibid. Hb 1.14. - — [Hebrews]. 76 7 servant, v , supra. Ro 13.6; 15.6; Phil 2.25; Hb 1.7; 8.2. ---- Hebrews ; Paul. . receiving, credit. P Qxy I. 7i1#1® (A.D. 303) jieT* IvEXtipow Mp\lreo; Phil 4.15. Paul. X,0 7 eCa. collection. An excellent illustration almost contem porary with 1 Cor (16.If.) is afforded by P Oxy II. 2398 (A.D. 66) ovtio) ... jir]6ep.Cav A.0 7 eCav 7 £7 ovfevai in* £p.ou Tfj auTff M(jo|j.r|, "I swear that I have levied no contributions whatever in the Q above village,” 1 Cor 16.1, 2 . Paul. \07 C£op.ai. is common in the sense of "reckon," "put down to Q one’s account" as in Ro 4.6 al. ... P Fay 21 (A.D. 134) uuuet fife auu\t)pfi[r|v rt]ep[l rtdv]Tu)v orcuxjoup 8i6op.£va)v [[...]] r\ \o7 i£o|i£ikop Eig t5 6r||i6 v. concordances. — - [Hebrews]; James; Luke; Mark; Paul; Peter. \ 0 7 tCT(i6^4 reckoning, judgment.11 v. supra. Ro 12.15; 2 Cor 10.4. ---- Paul. ^ 6 7 0 £, reckoning, v. supra. (Also) ... in the legal senss "matter of dispute," "suit at law," as in Ac 19.38.12 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; 7Ibid. 8Ibid. 374. 9Ibid. 377. 10Ibid. U Ibid. 378. 13Ibld. 379. - Matthew; Paul; Peter* 13 ?UXJ|.T£\£go. pay what la due. Lk 17.2. Luke. ?V,t3t p o p . ransom. Deissmann (LAE p. 331 ff.) has shown how readily our Lordfs Saying in Mt 20.28, Mk 10.45, the only passages where X,i$Tpot? occurs in the KT, would be understood by all classes in view of the popular usage of the word in connexion with the pur— chase-money for manumitting slaves. Thus in P Oxy I. 48 (A.D. 86) ... we read of a slave Euphrosyne who has been set free -yrtb ACa Ffjv " H X l O P ertt X t5t p o t (^ ), under Zeus, Earth, Sun, fora ransom.’’14 Mt 20.28; Mk 10.45. - -- Mark; Matthew. XuTpow. free by paying a ransom.15 v. supra. Lk 24.31; Tit 2.14; 1 Pt 1.18. ---- Luke; Paul; Peter. XtiTpGOCHs. ransoming.16 v. supra. Lk 1.68; 2.38; Hb 9.12. - - - [HebrewsJ; Luke. X.UG0. open, with the use of X.i5 IV. 71519 (A.D. 131) KCLT& StaefjH-nv rfjv Hal \u6eCaau t <3i, tp" (£T£ i) *A6piavov KaCaapos t o u xupCov, "in accordance with a will which was opened in the 12th year of Hadrianus Caesar the lord.1,17 ;v. concordances. John; Luke; I&rk; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 13LS 1067. 14MM 382. 15Ibid. 383. 16Ibid. 17Ibid. 384 8 laaOTvrfis. apprentice. P Oxy Iv. 724 (A.D. 155) rtp&S |J.&0T)aiV orp£Co>v - contract of apprenticeship to a short hand writer.’1' v. concordances. -- - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew. O |iapTUp&0. witness.** v. infra. v. concordances. - - - [HebrewsJ; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 1 R |JUipTupCa. witness, (give) evidence. P Byl II. 116xo (A.D. 194) oGev ln\.d C6oo|ii t66e t6 PlPX.eC6i.ov ta>i> eivat £v xaTa- Xoopiop.# Jtp6g p-apTUpCav, "wherefore I present this peti- 3 tion, requesting that it may be registered as evidence.** v. concordances. - ■— John; Luke; Mark; Paul. * 4 liapTvpiov. testimony, proof. v. supra. y\ concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 5 liapTtJpOjiat. testify. v. supra. Ac 20.26; Gal 5.3; Sph 4.17. ---- Luke; Paul. £ jidpTu^. witness. v. supra. v. concordances. [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul Peter. p.£aiTEi5co. act as arbiter.7 v. infra. Hb 6.17. - - - [Hebrews]. jjLECJCt t |£. arbiter. P Goodsp Cairo 29iii#5 (c. A.D. 150) g&p aot 6 6 |ti p.ea£CTr)v 'fip.Etv 6&s iva ^ &vTt6ixog drtoKaTaaTfiar} Tf) oupT|7opoV|JL^V,n seems good to 1MM 385. 2Ibid. 389. 5Ibid. 4Ibid. 390. 5Ibid. 6Ibid. 7LS 1106. 79 you, give us an arbiter in order that the defendant may restore to the plaintiff the ... "8 Gal 3.19, 20; 1 Ti 2.5; Hb 8.6; 9.15; ftebrews]; Paul. 12.24. p,eTa8C6o)(j,i. give information. A quasi-legal meaning appears in P Par 261*26 (B.C. 163-2) ... Tcp vt$ 6£ f m a d o u g ... npoa- rj\0ot.iEV, xal r(£pl iMaarcou |i£T£6ct>Kap.Ev, "we (the Serapeum Twins) approached the son of Psintaes, and gave him detailed informa tion. Lk 3.11; Ho l.ll; 12.8; Eph 4.28; 1 Th 2.8. ---- Luke; Paul. |l£Ta\ap,{3dv(0. assign. For the legal sense of "assign” see P Ryl II. 16212 (A.D. 159) £ v y 6v o i s ou>T'f)g wal Toig rtap* a$Tf)g p,£TaX.rm^O|i^VOl£, "to her descendants and assigns."1^ Ac 2.46; 24.25; 27.23; 2 Ti 2.6; - — [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. Hb 6.7; 12.10. |i£T&X,Tiji\|ri,g, concurrence. P Oxy X. 127339 (A.D. 260) ou rtpoo6e6|ievog Tfjs t o d &t £p o d p,£Ta\f)(j,y£o)g ou6fc lifpag £u6oM^CT£a)g, "without requiring the concurrence of the other side or any further consent."11 1 Ti 4.3 . Paul. p,£TO(j.^Aop.at. repent. P Thead 5115 (iv/A.D.) where a man is warned to give back an artaba of oorn he has wrongly taken £t 6£ (i^ |I£Tap,£\r|a9fjvai £X£ig, "otherwise you will have reason to be sorry for it."12 Mt 21.29, 32; 27,3; 2 Cor 7.8; Hb 7.21. ---- [Hebrews]; Matthew; ®MM 399. 9Ibid. 402. 10Ibid. 403. i:LIbid. 12Ibid. |j,eTa7t£|j.rcco. sunmon. P Tebt II. 2897 (A.D. 23) |j,eTa- rt£|jujr e tanpd[ |e(i)g, '*1 shall sunmon and summon you to the Prefect for neglecting the collecting."13 AO 10.5; 22, 29; 11.3; 24.24; 26; 25.3. ----- Luke. [lETaaXTpCLT C £ia. change. For the meaning "refashion." "change the outward appearance of that which remains the same," we may appeal to Preisigke 517410 (A.D. 512), where, in connexion with the purchase of an hermitage, power is given, - xa0£?\.Erp, <5c v o l h o - SopeiP, jjieraaxripaT C£e i p , £ p oicl podAeTat o^ei xal 8 ia0£c £ t . . . *HiQ passages, though late, are important in con- 14 nexion with the interpretation of Phil 3.21. 1 Cor 4.6; 2 Cor 11.13, 14, 15; Phil 3.21. - --- Paul. |l£TCiT (GripI. transfer. P Tebt II. 33612 (c. A.D. 190) e| cap p[e]TaT C0 (Eprat) etg StiCpoaCap) yf\v (rtvpou) (&pT&|3ai) xt\, ofl wheat "transferred" to domain land.15 Ac 7.16; Gal 1.6; Hb 7.12; - - - [[Hebrews]; Jude; Luke; Paul. 11.5 bis; Ju 4. pETdx 1 Cor 9.10, 12; 10.17, 21, 30; Hb 2.14; - - -^Hebrews]; Paul. 5.13; 7.13. 17 p.ETOX'fi. partnership. v. infra. 2 Cor 6 . 4 . Paul. p^TOXog. partner. Theb Ostr 411 (A.D. 64-5) Ilixcag Ilapcap- 13Ibid. 404. 14Ibid. 15Ibid. 16LS 1120. 17Ibid. 1121. 81 0(ov) wal h £t o XOI Zevtpttfpiog xaC(petv), "Pikos son of Pamonthes and his colleagues to Senephaeris, greeting” - receipt for a salt tax.18 Lk 5*7; Hb 1.9; 3.1, 14; 6.4; IS.8, - - - [Hebrews]; Luke. ll^TWTTOV. forehead. With Rev 13.16, where the allusion is to the habit of marking soldiers and slaves with a distinctive brand ... we may compare P Lille I. 29i:i*36 (iii/B.C.) 66fc TtapaX [a(3tbv 7 6 & v 6 p&]-7to6 ov jiaoT 17(0 0 [dra) £]Xaooou exaiov n[Xr]7 a)u xal] 07 C£aTo Tb |J.€tu)[7Tou - with reference to punishment of a runaway slave. Rv 7.3; 9.4; 13.16; 14.1, 9; 17.5; 20.4; 2S.4. -- John. liovf). appearance, (staying). P Grenf II. 79i#7 (late (iii/A .D .) (jxo(= o)vf}g [wal ejj,]cpapCag, i -1* is used technically 20 in sureties for the "appearance" of certain persons. J 14.2, 2 3 . Paul. i8MM 406. 19Ibid. 407. 20Ibid. 410. THK&U). Is found in a legal sense of winning 0116*8 ease, as in Ro 3.4, in P Hal I. I58 (mid. iii/B.C.) §£ Tin ... Yp[ v. concordances. -- - John; Luke; Paul. 2 u Ckt}. success in a law suit. v. supra. 1 J 5.4. -- John. ~ 3 vinos* victory. v. supra. Mt 12.20; 1 Cor 15.54, 55, 57. ----- Matthew; Paul. vo£(*). he sane, vowv wal cppovwp common in wills ... P Petr I. 16 (I)12 (B.C. 237) ... the testator thus certifying himself 4 as "being sane and in his right mind." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 5 V0(JiC£co. enact. v. infra, vop.o0£T£o>. v. concordances. - -- Luke; Matthew; Paul. VO|JUk6s. pertaining to the law, (subst.) lawyer. BGU.I 326ii*22 (ii/A.D.) ... a certain Gaius Lucius Gaminianus, V0 |ilH&g P(t)jJ.aiK6g, certifies that he examined the copy of a will, and finds that it corresponds with the original. Mt 22.35; Lk 7.30; 10.25; 11.45, 46, 52; ---- Luke; Matthew; 14.3; Tit 3.9, 13. Paul. VO|i.C|i(og. legitimate.7 v. supra. 1 Ti 1.8; 2 Ti 2.5. ----- Paul. uofioGeoCa. law. 8 v. infra, u 6 |jL0 C. ■j-MM 427. 2l s 1176. 3MM 427. 4Ibid. 5LS 1179. 6MM 428. 7Ibid. 429. Ibid . Ro 9 . 4 . Paul. 16 VOjJ.O«eT^O). establish, enact, legislate. P Oxy YIII. 1119 (A.D. 254) 0e6g 'A6piav6g .... £v|j,o0£TTiaep cracpoog Jtapd von-otg |i£v V e ^v apyeiv xal \e uo o p ^ e iv, rtaaajp 61 &nr\Kkax~ 0rj T(Sv flap’ a W o i g &px&v te xal XEtToupYi&v, '’the dei fied Hadrian clearly established the law that we should bear office and burdens nowhere but at home, and we were relieved of all offices ... g and burdens elsewhere." Hb 7.11; 8.6. [Hebrews]. VO|1O0£t t |S. lawgiver.10 v. supra. Js 4.12. ~ - - James. v6p.og. law. P Rev l*17,15 (B.C. 259-8) al. where the various cross references from one section are marked by the phrase k c (.T& T ov v6nov. 11 v. concordances. - — [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. voocp££(i). purloin, peculate. P Petr III. 56(b)10*12 (later than B.C. 259) where an official swears "I will neither peculate my self," adding that if he finds anyone voocpi £6(J.e v o v , "pecula- 12 ting," he will report him. Ac 5.2, 3; Tit 2.10. - - - Luke; Paul. VOvg. meaning. P Par 631,2^ (B.C. 164) ... a complaint is made that certain people left in their homes are harassed - tiov rtp6c rcug rcpayiiaTeCcHs ou xcrrd t 6 f3£\Ti<7Tov eYSexo^vccp t 6 v t o o Jtepl Trig vetcp^Cag npoaTd‘Y|j,aTog vovv, "beoause the 9Ibid. 10LS 1180. Um 429. 12Ibld. 430. 84 officials do not put the best interpretation on the meaning of the de cree concerning agriculture.1*^-3 v. concordances. - --- Johnj Luke; Paul. V(30p6s. remiss ness, slackness. (This) sense attached to this adjective in Hb 6.12 ... appears in the use of the subst. in P Amh II. 7815 (A.D. 184) £ ] v vtoSptcj p,ou ,y£VO|J.£vou, where the editors 14 translate, "moreover, as I neglected my rights." Hb 5.11; 6.12; Hebrews J. 13Ibid. 431. 14Ibid. 432. 85 NHH £evCa. state or rights of a foreigner, as opp. to a citizen.1 Sjrll. 418 (A.D. 238) drto\l|J.TtdvovTeg inipxo v t c h elg Tf]v fpeT^pau Kal dvaYMd^ouaiv fpfig |euCag atJTois rtap^xeiv, along with the almost technical sense of ££iHa f°v gifts pro vided on the occasion of the visit of a King or other high official to a district ... seems to make it practically certain that the word is to be understood in the same sense in Ac 28.23, Fhlm 22, rather than 2 of a place of lodging, Ac 28.23; Phlm 22. - - - Luke; Paul. f;£v0S. (subst.) stranger, alien ... ££voi as a 'fcerm of Greek public life, denoting temporary sojourners who have not yet se- n cured the rights of 7tdpoinoi or |i£t o i k o i . Mt 25.35, 38, 43, 44; 27.7; - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew; Ac 17.21; Eph 2.12, 19; Paul. Hb 11.13; 3 J 5. 1LS 1188. ^ 433. 3Ibid. 0 86 27 OLHOVO|X^O), administer♦ p Oxy IX. 1203 (late i/A.D. ) cer- tain petitioners ask that their positions should be communicated to the collector of external debts in order that he "may take no step a- gainst us ... before the trial of the case1* ... p.T|6 £p KC£,0* otKOPO^CT'n KpCOECOS.1 He 16.2* ** •* Luke. 0 LH0 V0 |J.Ca. management.2 jr. supra. Lk 16.2, 3, 4; 1 Cor 9.17; Eph 1.10; ---- Luke; Paul. 3.2; Col 1.25; 1 Ti 1.4. 3 otKOu6|10S. steward, manager of an estate. jr. supra. Lk 12.42; 16.1, 3, 8 ; Ro 16.23; - - - Luke; Paul; Peter. 1 Cor 4.1, 2; Gal 4.2; lit 1.7; 1 Pt 4.10. oixos. estate, inheritance. Att. law ... oixov Kcrra- axeCu t i p o s d .27.4.4 jr. concordances. [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. o l>toup.£vr|. inhabited world, a common designation of the Ro man Empire ... Preisigke 1762 (A.D. 161-180) with reference to Marcus Aurelius.3 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. neglect. P Tebt I. 2743 (B.C. 113) ... gta— )\.a(3&p iJ.T)6 £nidc T£l5(;ea0cu uteris 6?u‘Y T i p6 s, "believing that you will receive no pardon for any neglect.1*6 1MM 442. 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4L3 1104. 5MM 443. 6Ibid. 445. Hb 12.5.---- [ Hebrews]. 87 ft 7 oX6 k\tipoS. completion. v. infra. 1 Th 5.23; Js 1.4. ~ — James; Paul. 6XoT£Xfjs. complete. We can cite the decree of Epaminondas attached to Nero’s pompous declaration of the freedom of all Greeks at the Isthmian ^imes of A.D. 67, Syll 376 aP£ iCJCpop Cap, T]V opSeIs t55v rtpoTepov Ze^aaTcop oXoteXt^ eSoomep.8 1 Tli 5*23* -p « « Pflml# swear, th© legal fomila ot-tvtfo) £koiktCo)£ nat adSaip^Tcog iyyv&oQai, in P Iland 306ff* (A.D. 105 or 106).9 v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew. 6(lO0U|ia86P. one accord. P Tebt I. 408 (B.O. 117) ... aacp£(JT£pop |i£T£i,XT]cp&s to^s £k Tfjg ku^tis 6(io0PM,a86p dpT£X£O0at T % afjg OK^rtris, ’’having received certain informa tion that the inhabitants of the village are with one accord claiming your protection.”10 v. concordances. Luke; Paul. &|1oXo,y£ci>. consent, cf. the legal formula £rt£pcoTT)0£Cg 6p.oX6YT)Ca, ”in answer to the formal question I have given my con sent.”11 v. concordances.-----[Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 6(10X0 7 ta. contract„ agreement.12 v. supra. 2 Cor 9.13; 1 Ti 6.12, 13; Hb 3.1; [Hebrews]; Paul. 4.14; 10.23. 7Ibid. 446. 8Ibid. 447. 9Ibid. 448. 10Ibid. n Ibid. 449. 12Ibid 3_3 88 b\xo\oyov\i.ivox;. admittedly.^ v. supra, opo^O'Y&o. 1 Ti 3.16. Paul. 6 vet6 CCw. BGU IV. I024vii*21 (ii/lii A.D.) where a man is charged with having basely slain a woman - Tt)V in* &[v]0p(fi7tCHS ttixilv 6 vei6 C£oucav.14! Mt 5.11; 11.20; 27.44; Mk 15.32; 16.14; - - - James; Luke; Mark; Lk 6.22; Ro 15.3; 1 Ti 4.10; Js 1.5; Matthew; Paul; 1 Pt 4.14. Peter. ouop.a. The phrase eig (t6 ) ovoiicTt tvog ia frequent in the papyri with reference to payments made "to the account of any one. v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 6 p£‘YOp. Op&YETat. 16 1 Ti 3.1; 6.10; Hb 11.16. [Hebrews]; Paul. 6pC£h>. define. fix. P Par 63^2 (B.C. 164) ...tod 6 l&. TOV 7tpoOTay|idTO£ &ptO|j,^POV Ke[cp]aXaCou, '’^e assessment defined in the decree."*'7 Lk 22.22; Ac 2.23; 10.42; 11.29; [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. 17.26, 31; Ro 1.4; Hb 4.7. 6pK££o). adjure, the imprecatory tablet from Ha drums turn ... 13Ibid. 14Ibid. 450. 15Ibid. 451. 15Ibid. 456. 17Ibid. 457. 89 not later than ii/A.D., which Deissmann reproduces in BS p. 274 ff. e.g. 6pkC£co ae, 6 ... T&v Ge&v tov *A(3paav ktX..,mI adjure thee, demonic spirit, who 18 dost rest here, by the God of Abraan." Mk 5.7; Ac 19.3; 1 Th 5.27. Luke; Mark; Paul. opxos. oath. P Ryl IX. 8826 (A.D, 156) EVOXOS eiTjU T$ OpM[(p, ’'otherwise may I be liable to the consequences of the oath."19 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; Luke; Mark; Matthew. i 20 opxco|j,ooCa. taking an oath. v. supra. Hb 7.20 , 21, 28. [Hebrews], OCUOS. D.H. 5.71: hallowed, i.e. sanctioned or allowed by 21 the law of God or of nature. Ac 2.27; 13.34, 35; 1 Ti 2.8; [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Paul. Tit 1.8; Hb 7.26; Rv 15.4; 16.5. OUT os • opponent. in Attic law-language, o u t o s is common ly applied to the opponent, whether plaintiff ... or defendant.22 v. concordances. - - - All KIT writers. oqpeiA^TTis. debtor.25 v. infra. Mt 6.12; 18.24; Lk 13.4; Ro 1.4; 8.12; - -- Luke; Matthew; Paul. 15.27; Gal 5.3. OCpeiAr]. debt.24 v. infra. Mt 18.32; Ro 13.7. Matthew; Paul. 18Ibid. 19ibld. 20Ibid. 458. 21LS 1260. 28Ibid. 1276. 85M 468. 24Ibid. pr y* 6 Mt 6.12; Ro 4.4. - - - Matthew; Paul. 0 £t 56 ti &vt iX&ye t,, oqpeCXeiv o^oaag p.ot, drto- X.£\t5ct0O)> "if he denies the debt, and swears that he owes me no thing, let him be released.26 v. concordances. — - — £Hebrews j; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 25Ibid. 36Ibid n si TtauTeX.^^. finally, utterly* P Lond 1164 (f)11 (A.D# 212) ••• a man sells some property Arc6 tod v\3v elg t6 rtavTeX^g, rniis ••• supports a temporal meaning in Heb •#. so long as our Intercessor lives our acoTt^pCa, is assured.1 Lk 13.11; Hb 7.25. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke* rcavTOKp&Tcop. Almighty. The word is used as an imprecation in the account of a legal process, P Lips I. 40, where one of the parties is represented as saying11*13 £i p.t| rjaav Jtp&g Tfi oixCq, p,ou rrdXat av 6 *Aoi?ykp Crioq teteAeiSttikei), pA t6 u rtavTo- p npdTopa. 2 Oor 6.8 ; Rv 1.8; 4.8; 11.17; 15.3; 16.7, 14; John; Paul. 19.6, 15; 21.22. rcapa|3aCVO), transgress, is frequent in connexion with wills, e.g. P Oxy III.'494s8 (A.D. 156) where provision is made that any one who shall disobey (t6 v rtapa{}T|c6 |i.£P0 v) 'the conditions of a will shall forfeit to the party abiding by it ... the damages and other sums.3 Mt 15.2, 3; Ac 1.25; 2 J 9. - -- John; Luke; Matthew. 7Tapd(3acH£. transgression.4 v. supra. Ro 2.23; 4.15; 5.14; Gal 3.19; 1 Ti 2.14; ---- [Hebrews]; Paul. Hb 2.2; 9.15. rtapa.pdT'ns. transgressor.5 _v. supra. Ro 2.25; 27; Gal 2.18; Js 2.9, 11. rtapa,YiY£X,Ca. injunction, command. P Oxy XII. 141116 (A.D. 1MM 477. 2Ibid. 478. 3Ibld. 480. 4Ibld. 5Ibid. 92 260) et |i?| neiGapx^oiau Tf)6e T[fj rtapjayvEACcj, rC£ptr(a0fjaovTat. . "if they disobey this injunction, they will £ experience the penalties." Ac 5.28; 16.24; 1 Th 4.3; 1 Ti 1.5, 18. ---- Luke; Paul. Kapay^iXkb). command.7 v. supra. v. concordances. - - - Luke; Matthew; Mark; Paul. 7tapa5 C6u>p,i. deliver up. P Petr III. 28 (e) verso (b)^ (iii/B.C.) TtapeS60ri && IlatbTi dfiapocptfXaxi, "but he was handed 8 over to Paos the gaoler,” in connexion with breaking into a house. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. TtapaG^KT). deposit. P Par 5451 (B.C. 163-161) ... drt^x^ rcapd *Acppo6 £toCu) rcapa9f|X'nv (5pax|i&s *5cp» WI iiave re_ Q ceived f rom Aphrodisius 1500 drachmae as deposit.1,9 2 Ti 1.12.----- Paul. 3 napaiT^op-at. refuse, resign. P Lond 1231 (A.D. 144) ... 7Tapa.T0i3M.eP01 T?]V £tg t6 p.[d]XAoP witl1 reference to "resign ing” a lease of land.10 v. concordances. [HebrewsJ ; Paul. napaxa\£o). sunmon. a defendant into court P Teb.297.5 (ii/A.D.)11 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. TtapaxaTaGfjxTi. deposit. P Oxy I. 711,6 (A.D. 303) 6Ibid. 7Ibid. 481. 8Ibia. 482. 9Ibid. 483. 10Ibid. 484. 1;LLS 1311. 93 TtapaxaTflLG^xriv &xCv6uvov x a t dvurc6?v.oYov,"a secure deposit, 12 subject to no claim or damage. 1 Ti 6.30; 3 Ti 1.14. Paul. TtapdKX-riais, summons. ot £x rtapaxA-f|aE0)^ enyyxaGtf)- jj,£ VO t D.18.143.13 v. concordances. -- [HebrewsJ; Luke; Paul. Ttap&X?\,TVroS. legal assistant, advocate. D.19.1.14 J 14.16, 26; 15.26; 16.7; 1 J 2.1. ---- John. TtapaxoX,ou0^CO. have insight. Cadbury: The verb (in P Par 46^-® B.C. 152, etc.), "refers not to future inquiry but to past first hand knowledge" PSI IV. 4113 (iii/B.C.) qjttog obv rtccpcxxo\o,u0<3'i) xat ab rtp6 g TabTa £|aYdYrit<; robg X&yovg y£ypacpd ooi, ... we seem justified in understanding that Luke comes before us in his Preface not as one "having investigated" all his facts afresh, but a3 one "having acquired familiarity" with them, "having became cogni zant of them, for long (avo)Gev), and having so kept in touch with 15 them that his witness is practically contemporary witness. Mk 16.17; Lk 1.3; 1 Ti 4.6; 2 Ti 3.10. Mirk; Luke; Paul. rtapa?v,o'YC£o|iCH . cheat in reckoning. OGIS 6651S (A.D. 48) 6andvaq dSCxovs xat rcapa\oYLo[6eC(j]ag, "fraudently reck oned. ) Col 2.4; Js 1.22. James; Paul. rcapavop.£co. act contrary to the law.l? v;. infra. Ac 23.3. Luke. 12MM 484. 13LS 1313. 14Ibid. 15m M 485. 16Ibid. 487. 17Ibld. 488. a 7tapavo|iCa. illegal action* P Oxy VIII, 1119 (A.D. 254) a petitioner complains of T6\y.av Hal Ttapavop.Cap, "the auda city and illegality," of a certain amphodogrammateus, and the same papyrus shows10 &n TOO TtapavoirfyjUiTOS "in consequence of his il legal action.18 2 Pt 2.16. Peter. rtapartCrtTO}. break (contract.) P Oxy I . 9534 (A.D. 129) TIP crup,pf} Ttaparteaiu f|aX.\a>g nwg 6iacp0ap[u]vai [..., "if the terms of it (sc. a contract) should be broken or it in any other way be rendered invalid*' ... supports the sinister meaning of Hb 6.6.19 Hb 6.6. - - - [Hebrews]. 7tapdrtTa}(ia. error in amount of payments. P Teb.5.91. (ii B.C.)20 v. concordances. James; Mark; Matthew; Paul. TtapaT C0Tl(it. submit. P Tebt II. 29132 (A.D. 162) tcu5]t * £(7Ttv t & 7t[ep]l t o o yivovg rtapaT£0£VTa, "this is the evi dence submitted concerning parentage."21 v. concordances. - -- Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 7tapacp£po). alter, the text of a decree App. BC 3.61.22 Mk 14,36; Lk 22.42.---- Luke; 1/ark. 7tap£7tC8T]p.O£. sojourner, stranger, settled in a particular district only for a time ... P Tor II. 813 (B.C. 118) (a Will) 7tap£rti6T)iiouvTES (peregrinl) and kcltoikouptes (incolag) are 18Ibid. 19Ibld. 20LS 1322. 21MM 490. 22L3 1329. distinguished.23 95 Hb 11.13; 1 Pt 1.1; 8.11. --- - [Hebrews]; Peter. Tt&peoig. remission of punishment. BGU II. 62421 (time of Diocletian), where nap^oei implies (temporary)"remission of debt." ... while both acp£ Ro 3 • 25 F&ul * napiCTdvco, nap C v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Stork; Ivtotthew; Paul. napovaCa. visit, the quasi-technical force of the word from Ptolemaic times onwards to denote the "visit" of a King, Qaperor, or other person in authority, the official character of the "visit" being further emphasized by the taxes or payments that were exacted to make preparations for it ... P Grenf II. 14(b)2 (from a letter B.C. 264 or 227) ... Ini t^p napouoCav t?iv XpuaCrtnov, "for the visit of Chrysippus."26 v. concordances. ---- James; John; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 27 Tteipa. make trial of. v. infra. Hb 11*29, 36. - - - [Hebrews]. n e i p d O . trial, test, has always the idea of probation asso- 23MM 493. ^Ibid. 25Ibld. 494. S6Ibid. 497. 27Ibid. 501. OQ elated with it, v. infra, v. concordances, - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. TteipaO|j,6s. trial. Dioso. p. 3B rot)? ercl t 7t£lpctO|J,ot55 , ’’trials'* made of drugs to see their effects in cer tain diseases.”29 v. concordances. - — [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. rt£p icup£to. cancel, cancel an item of an account P Cair Zen.14? (ili/B.G.).30 Ac 27.20, 40; 2 Cor 3.16; Hb 10.11. - [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. 7t£pt^Xw * is contained. P Oxy II. 24924(A.D. 80) 6ia0lfjxr| rt£pt^X£|»» Win tl10 33 i-fc stands,” or "as is contained in the will.”31 Lk 5.9; Ac 23.25; 1 Pt 2.6. - --- Luke; Peter. 0 ft rttOTEVO). commit. Formula of manumission Syll 8457 (Delphi- bc 200-199) t&v v&v £rcfoT£va£ NCxcua twi *Art6XA<«H in* £- A£U0£pCav, ”the purchase, however, Nieaea hath committed unto Apollo, for freedom.”32 v. concordances. - - - All NT writers. Q rtCoTig, guarantee, pledge; bond or mortgate. Tebt I. 14 (BO 114) &m 7t(aT£l, "making a list of his property and arranging for it to be placed in bond.”33 v. concordances. All NT writers. 28Ibid. 29Ibid. 30L3 1386. 31MM 505. 32MM 514. 3SIbid. 515. 7UOt6s. pledge.54 v. supra. v. concordances. - — — £ Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. tUOt6 u>. guarantee.55 v. supra. 2 Ti 3.14. Paul. rt\aaT6 s. forged. P Oxy XI.237 vili*14 (A.D. 186) |a*) TtapavT Cna rtXaoTd etvai T& 7 p&p,|j,aTa etrtGov, "not having im~ 36 mediately declared that the contract is forged.* 2 Pt 2.3.----- Peter. rrXeoveiCa. aggression. P Oxy I. 6719(A.D. 338) eiv* OVTWS SixQn [au]Tffiv •?] Ka0* % lc3v [TtXeo]ve| Ca, ’‘in this way 37 their aggression against me will be made clear.” v. concordances. - - - Luke; Mark; Paul; Peter. 42 rtVrjpocpopdk). settle, settle legal matters. P Amh II. 66 (A.D. 124), where the complainer is invited by the strategus to bring forward his witnesses, tpa 6t xal pup rtX/ppoqpop'ficND, "ih order that I may finish off the matter."5® Lk 1.1; Ro 4.21; 14.5; 2 Ti 4.5, 17. » Luke; Paul. rcX.Tjp<$to. accomplish. P Lond 90425 (A.D. 104) ... ••• t^)v ouvfieTi [ol]Kovo|i£av Tfj[g arto]7 pacp'ns n\ripdaatoatv, 3Q "in order that they may carry out the regular order of the census.” v. concordances. --- - James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. rto?v.CTeup.a. citizenship, franchise. Syll 238 ... (BC 219), where King Philip orders the authorities at Larisa to pass a vote giv ing rfo\lTeCa to Thessalians or other Greeks resident in the city, ^Ibid. 35Ibid. 56Ibid. 516. 57Ibid. 518. 38Ibid. 519. 59Ibid. 520 98 until he shall have found others algous ToO 7tcip U(j,iv 7toX,i — TetJuaTo^;.40 Phil 3.20. - — Paul. Ttpa7 (ia. lawsuit. P Ryl II. 11313 (A.D. 133) exovTag rtav Ttpa7 (i,a 7tp6 g ln-€, ’’not having any case against me."41 v. concordances, [Hebrews]; James; Luke; Matthew; Paul. rtpdooo). exact tribute. P Ryl II. 66^ (late ii/BC) jtpdooeiu Tobg npo‘Y£7 paiJ|jifvou? &hoM36oos tois imb aov K£Kpi|i£poiS, "to make the aforesaid persons pay in accordance with your decisions."42 v. concordances. - — John; Luke; Paul. Ttp£0(3ei3a>. be an ambassador. "I am an ambassador," was the regular word in the Greek East for the £kaperor*s legate ... Thus in 14 the letter of the Enperor Claudius to a Gymnastic Club, P Lond 1178 (A.D. 194), ... acknowledging the "golden crown" they had sent him in commemoration of his victorious campaign in Britain, ... ot rtpeo- y 43 petiovTEs Tioai; Tip. KX.. *Ep(iag, Tip. KX.. Ktfpos. 2 Cor 5.20; Eph 6,20. - - - Paul. rtpo‘YlV(&ax(i). judge beforehand. 7tapd t$ 6 iaiTT|T'n rrpo- £YVO)0 |i£poS &6 tK£iv judged beforehand to have done wrong, D.29,58.44 Ac 26.5; Ro 8.29; 11.2; 1 Pt 1.20; ---- Luke; Paul; Peter. 3 Pt 3.17. rtpoYpdcpco. write already, "placard up". The formulae of quo- 40Ibid. 525. 41Ibid. 532. 42Ibid. 533. 43Ibid. 534. 44L3 1473. 99 tations in the NT may also be illustrated from the legal language of 24 the time - ko,06t t, rtpoY^YpOWtTat (P T®bt 385 - marriage contract, B.C. 12) ... For the forcible meaning "placard up'* ... in Gal 3.1 ... in announcing that he will no longer be responsible for his son’s debts a father directs that a public proclamation be set up, n 45 P Flor I. 99 (i/ii A.D.) ... Bo 15.4; Eph 3.3; Gal 3.1; Ju 4. - - - Jude; Paul. 7tp<$0etHS. statement, public notice. a l rt. rffiv dixrysY- YpcC|i,6 va)P Arist. Pol. 13222 9.46 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. rtpo8 eo|iCa. appointed beforehand, rfpoQeajaCa (SC. V ^ p a ) "the previously appointed day," is a common legal term.47 • Gal 4t2« ■» ■» Paul• rtpona?\.£a>. challenge, law term, make an offer or challenge to the opponent for bringing about a decision, e.g. for submitting the case to arbitration, ... rtponaX.ODVT(U rtpoKX/noiv D.37.12.48 Gal 5.26. — — — Paul. rtpdneijjiai. to be prescribed, appointed. a [ npowe Cpevai f)p£pcH the prescribed days, Hdt. 2.87.49 2 Gor 8.12; Hb 6.18; 12.1, 2; Ju 7. - - - [Hebrews]; Jude; Paul. rtpoHTipijaaa). advertize. P Petr II. 13 (18b)10 (B.C. 258-3) £X0£S ouv £K0£(ia Hal rtpoKtfjpu^ov, "issue then a public notice and advertize."50 45MM 538. 46LS 1480. 47MM 540 . 48LS 1483. 49Ibid. 1485. 5CW 542. 100 Ac 3,20; 13.24. Luke. Ttpoxtfptfto. to be ratified or confirmed before. £p Tcp KeHVp(i)p,^V(|) tyacpCojidT I Supp. Epigr. 3.674 A 28 (Rhodes, ii B.C.)51 Gal 3.17. Paul. rtpoX^YW. tell before. The force of rtpo- ••• (in) BGRJ IV. 10502*^ (time of Augustus): the contract is to be deposited £p fyi£pais xP^^iCoiJaaig rt£uT£ &cp* rjg av &Wfj\oi5 npo- £ tTtooa l V, ’’within the five days named from the day on which they settle it with one another.11 Here the rtpo- simply implies that the terms of the contract have been discussed beforehand, and then 52 embodied in the legal document. 2 Cor 13.2; Gal 5.21; 1 Th 3.4. ---- Paul. sn Ttpoop&d). pay regard to. P Pay 20 (Imperial Edict - iii/iv A.D.) 7tpoop&a0cn t65v £0vcou oi£ £cp£OTf|xaot, ”to pay regard to the interests of the people over whom they are placed.”53 Ac 2.25; 21.29. Luke. npoo&yoa, present, introduce. P Ryl II. 75 (judicial pro ceedings - late li/A.D.) rtpoaaxO^vTcov rAtfKovos AtovvaCou nat *Arco?vAaJvCoi; r\tfx(ovos. 54 Lk 9.41; Ac 16.20; 27.27; 1 Pt 3.18. - -- Luke; Peter. y 7Tpoo£pxo(J.at. appear, before a tribunal JtpoO£\0&P EtrtEV BGtJ 587.2 (ii A.D.).55 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 7tpocwa\£(0 . summon, cite as witness. PI. Lg. 936e codd.5® 51LS 1487. 52MM 542. 53Ibid. 543. 54Ibid. 545. 55LS 1511. 56Ibid. 1515. v. concordances* - - - James; Luke; Mark; Matthew. rCpoTdooo). decree* P Amh II. 29^° (c.B.C. 250) 57 paotXewg rcpoaidlavTo^... Mt 1.24; 8.4; 21.6; Mk 1.44; Lk 5.14; Luke; Mark; Matthew. Ac 10.33, 48; 17.26. TtpoCJOJrtou. in person, in judicial phraseology ... Magn. 93 b11 (after B.C. 190) kclt& rtp6co>rcop rtoie icGcu ,58 v. concordances. - - - All NT writers. rtpOT C0r|iJ,l. proclaim, set forth publicly. P Qxy I. 34 verso^ii.l4 (A.D. 127) JtpoTeG^TO), "let this edict be publicly issued."5® Ro 1.13; 3.25; Eph 1.9. - - - Paul. 7tpo)(e l'Pt£op.ai. appoint. P Fay 141 (B.C. 124) o l TTpOKE- XtpKty-^VCH rtpdxTope^, "the appointed collectors."60 Ac 22.14; 26.16. ---- Luke. rcpoXSlpOTOV&b. elect before Pl.Lg. 765b.61 Ac 10.41. - - - Luke. rtTaCco. make an error. The metaph. use ofrttaCo) "stumble," in the NT ... may be illustrated from the vi/A.D. letter of an advo cate, complaining about the treatment of certain cultivators in his employ - p Oxy VIII. 116511 7TapaK\T]6'fVr£ ouv,£IT£ ercraiaav £iTe ouk £rtTaiaap, rtoifjcyai auToi>s drtoXuGfyixH, "be per suaded whether they made an error, or whether they did not, to have them released."62 Ro 11.11; Js 2.10; 3.2; 2 Pt 1.10. - - - James; Paul; Peter. 57m 551. 58Ibid. 553. ,59Ibid. 554. P°Ibid. 556. 61IS 1541. 62M 558. 102 P f!>C|.6 lOVPY(ex. false pretenses* P Oxy II. 237v^^^*^^ (A.D. 186) eI'te rtfv-aOTcov Ypaii{j,dTwv fbcUnovpY tag rj nept'ypaqpfjg £vna?\.£tv, i to make a charge either of forgery or false pretenses or fraud.” Ac 13.10.----- Luke. jb^TU)p. advocate. The special meaning of "advocate," "barris ter,” which this word has in Ac 24.1, can be freely Illustrated ... P Oxy I. 37**4 (A.D. 49) ... report of a lawsuit where the counsel for the plaintiff is introduced with the words - *Ap taToxXfig ^f|T(i)p £>rc£p Ifea o d p io s. 2 Ac 24*X* “*“*■“ Luke, ^dopOLl. ransom, of captives, X P U<7$ iptiaaoQai- weigh a- 2 gainst gold ... hence, ransom. 11.22.351. v. concordances. - - - Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. £>UTtap6s. debased, very common in the papyri in connexion with payments, and was generally understood as denoting "debased” coin, e.g. P Tebt II. 3486 (A.D. 23) dpYvpCou (5>urt[apo0] [6]p[a]x|idg 6£xd6uo, "twelve dr. debased silver.”4 Js 2 . 2 . James. 562. 2Ibid. 3IS 694. 4!M 565 2 103 aTpeiov. sign. seal. P Rev l33^1,5 (B.C. 259-8) drto- 6 ei|dTcoaav] t 6 ornietov derives, "let them ex- hibit the seal which has been appended unbroken." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. arnLeioto. note, see. P Oxy I. 65* (an order for arrest - iii/iv A.D.) opa |i?] KaT&axr|T£ t 6 v {>rt£peTr| 2 Th 2 . 1 4 . ----- Paul. O'T’C'Yp.a. mark, brand. ... it would seem best to take (Gal 6.17) ... as indicating simply the personal relation of Paul to his ItSaster with all the security which that brought with it ... Herod, ii. 113 ... a slave in S&ypt may secure virtual emancipation by going to a certain temple of Herakles and having branded upon him or CYp.ciTa Ipd to de- 3 note his consecration to the god. Gal 6 . 1 7 . ----- Paul. a T p £ ^ \ 6c«). stretch on the rack, applied to slaves for the 4 purpose of extracting evidence Ar. Nu. 620. 2 Pt 3.16. ---- Peter. avYKcxTdBeCHs, agreement, in legal sense BGTJ 194.II (ii A.D.).5 2 Gor 6.16. Paul. ovy xatat CBruit. put down the same vote with another. PI. Grg.501c.6 Lk 23.51. - - - Luke. 1MM 572. SIbid. 573. 3Ibid. 590. 4LS 1653. 5Ibid. 1662. 6Ibid. 1663. 104 O OUYHXTjpovdllOS. fellow-heir. Deissmann (LAE , p. 92) cites the word from an Ephesian inscr. of the Imperial period, Brit* Mus. Inscrr. III.p. 249, N. 633.7 Ro 8.17; Eph 3.6; Hb 11.9; 1 Pt 3.5. [Hebrews]; Paul; Peter. OVYHotV Ifch 5.11; Phil 4.14; Rv 18.4. John; Paul. Q OUYKOtVl&VOS. partner. Maspero 158,11 of business partners. Ro 11.17; 1 Cor 9.23; Phil 1.7; Rv 1.9. John; Paul. cuYKptlxo. decide, especially with reference to judicial de- rZA cisions. P Fay 12 (c.B.C. 103) a . rtpa0XTivaip,ot ... t % & 6 Chod ayttfyvs, "give judgment that they shall pay me for the illegal abduc tion.”10 1 Cor 2.13; 2 Cor 10.12 bis. - - - Paul. (JUYX&tf. confound, violate, esp. of contracts. P1.R.3796.11 Ac 21.27.----- Luke. Ouko Tebt I. 4326 (B.C. 118) auHO Lk 3.14; 19.8. ---- Luke. OV|l(iapTUp^a). bear witness with. BGU I. 8441 (A.D. 155), where the signature of each attesting witness is accompanied the words avwiapTupffi nat auvacppanicS. 13 Ro 2.15; 8.16; 9.1; Rv 22.18. - -- John; Paul. 7MM 609. 8LS 1666. 9AG 782. i0W 6l0. U LS 1668. 18MM 596. 15Ibid. 610. 105 14 (7U|JL|jL£p C £o>. distribute in shares D.L. 6.77 1 Cor 9.13. - - - Paul. aujJ4J.£TOXO£. Joint possessor. P Lond V. 173352 (A.D. 594) ap,a tc3v a W c o v oi?p,|iet6x wu *?HJk3u, with reference to the "joint possessors" of a house. 15 Eph 3.6; 5.7. - - - Paul. aujirtapaXajipdvo). take along with. Ramsey ... points out that the word Implies "a private companion or minister, who is not sent forth on the mission as an envoy, but is taken by the envoys on their own authority." P Lond 358^ (c.A.D. 150) ... ou(jutapaX.aP6 vTag a u T o tg 'HpaxkeCSriv uxtTTY^Triv.16 Ac 12.25; 15.37; 38; Gal 2 .1 . ---- Luke; Paul. aupjtdpel|lt. act as one’s representative. P Hyl. 120.3 (ii A.D.)17 Ac 25.24. - - - Luke. 25 OV|J^(j>v£(0 . agree. P Oxy I. 133 (A.D. 550) Oup,CpU)vC T)|-UV JtdvTa T& ^Ye-ypaiipd (va) rtp6 n itch, nwe agree to all as it 18 is herein contained, as it is above written." Mb 18.19; 20.2, 13; Lk 5.36; Ac 5.9; 15.15. - --- Luke; Matthew. r 19 aipp.cpoovncrtg. agreement. v. supra. 2 Cor 6 . 1 5 . Paul. ^ pn aujicpcODOS. agreeing. v. supra. 1 Cor 7 . 5 . ----- Paul. GDVd'YO). total amount (collect). P Oxy I. 5511 (c.A.D. 150) i^LS 1678. 15m 610. 16Ibid. 611. 17LS 1681. 18MM 598. 19Ibid. 599. Ibid. 106 where two joiners ask for payment of 4000 drachmae as the total amount of wages due to them in connexion with the construction of a street - t& a u v a ^ n e v a t&u jjitoGoSv tou o?tou epyov, 21 v. concordances. - - - John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. CUpaCpw. settle accounts. P Ryl II. 229^ (A.D. 38), 8 oxS> 7 &p aui>aip6|J.evovs rtp6 s °£ ^ 07dpi,ov, MI ezpect to make up an 22 account with you." Mt 18.23, 24; 25.19. - - - Matthew. cuuaXAdcco. come to terms with, rcpds Ttvag X An.1.2.1. Ac 7.26. -i - - Luke. 2jO auueiSdo). know, be conscious. P Oxy VI. 898(A.D. 123) ouveiSuia &auT^i Ta>v dvriprcaxuCTii, "being con- 24 scious of the theft of much of my property." Ac 5.2; 12.12; 14.6; 1 Cor 4.4. ---- Luke; Paul. p c ouueC6 r|Otg. co-knowledge. v. supra. v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Paul; Peter. CDv£rtip,apTup£(0. join in attesting. Arist. Mu 400a15.2^ Hb 2.4. - - - [Hebrews]. auv£u5ox£(i). agree. For the absol. use, as in Ac 22.20, cf. bgu IV. 11296 (B.C. 13) <5>|ioX.(67 T)0 £ v ) 6 IIpc&Tapx(os) ovveuSo- 27 xtotiaiTj) xat Tfjg 7 uuatx(6 s). Lk 11.48; Ac 8.1; 22.20; Ro 1.32; 1 Cor 7.12, 13. ---- Luke; Paul. pc Ouudx^* compel. P Oxy II. 281 (A.D. 20-50) where a wife pe titions the "Chief Justice" that her husband who had deserted her filbid. 600. 22Ibid. 601. 23LS 1694. 24NM 611. 25Ibld. 604. 26LS 1710. /MM""606. 107 should, be compelled "perforce" to pay back her dowry, ortux; Irtav- > 28 a7 M a a 0ff auvex^M-evog artoSovvat, kt\. v. concordances. - - - Luke; Matthew; Paul. 13 cuvCcTrpi, cuv lOtduu). appoint. P Oxy II. 261 (B.C. 55) where a woman states that she has appointed her grandson to act as her representative in a lawsuit - ouveCTanfvai auTt)V T&v rtpOY£- 7 pap,(i,£vov utoavov x a ti-P]^ljLova e'ySihov. 29 v. concordances. ---- Luke; Paul; Peter. C U U T C O r p i . make a compact with. P Pay 3420 (A.D. 161) auve0£|j.riv naoi toCs ttpox£i[J.£votS, "I agree to all the afore said tenas."30 Lk 22.5; J 9.22; Ac 23.20; 24.9. - - - John; Luke. ft CUCTaTiKfis. repre sent at ion. P Oxy III. 505 (ii/A.D.) Hat fit. auGTCXTiKov 7£v6p.£VOP, "by the terms of a deed of repre sentation."3^ 2 Cor 3 . 1 . Paul. CcppaYf^CO. seal. P Hib I. 3915 (B.C. 265) ... oeiY^jwi oqppa7 iodc[0 ]a>, "let him seal a sample," obviously to prevent 32 corn (being shipped) from being tampered with during its transit, v. concordances. - - - John; Matthew; Paul. acppa^Cg. seal.35 v. supra. v. concordances. John; Paul. CCOO. preserve. P Tebt II. 30216 (A.D. 71-72) Tivwv £t£- XCwv o 88Ibid. 29Ibid. 608. 30Ibid. 614. 31Ibid. 617. 32Ibid. 53Ibld. 618. at the temple."3^ v. concordances. ---- All NT writers. CGOTTjp. preserver. The designation is further extended to leading officials, as when a complainant petitions a praefect in the words - £rtl afe Toevvot 6v aarrtfaa t<3v SiKaCcov tuxeiv, "(I turn) to you, my preserver, to obtain my just rights." P Oxy I. 3818 (A.D. 49-50).35 v. concordances. - - - John; Jude; Paul; Peter. 0 (2£ QCOTTjp Cct. security, guarantee for safety. Pl.Lg. 908 . v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; John; Jude; Luke; Paul; Peter. ^Ibid. 620 . 35Ibid. 621. 36L3 1751. T 109 TaiJLetou. store house* P Pay 1107 (A.D. 94) o \ £ Y £ t q Tap,E[t]ov, "the storehouse whereof you speak."1 Mt 6 .6 ; 24.26; Lk 12.3, 24. Luke; Matthew. ■L g Td| i £ . ordinance. k Lk 1.8; 1 Oor 14.40; Ool 2.5; Hb 5.6, 10; [HebrewsJ; Luke; 6.20; 7.11, 17, 21. Paul. Tdoou). arrange, appoint. P Magd I. 12® (B.C. 217) Tdf|a— H e v o C p.01 irtX AlouuaCou, "they agreed verbally with me 3 in the presence of Dionysius." Mt 28.16; Lk 7.8; Ac 13.48; 15.2; Luke; Matthew; Paul. 22.10; 28.23; Ro 13.1; 1 Cor 16.15. T£K|j,fipLOV. title deed. P Ryl II. 15915 (A.D. 31-32) tv* imdpxwcji Tff [TaxoCrt al rtapaxa)poT3p.£pat ajpoopai afou t o i s a U o i g Te[w|j,T)pCot^. . ., "in order that the aurae ceded may » 4 appertain to Taohois with all other titles" (i.e. "title deeds"), (V MM not$)• Ao 1 • 3 * “■ “*■ Luko • 30 t £ X e i o s . mature. P Oxy III. 485 (A.D. 178) k\tipop6 }jloig [auTf^js T£\eC[otg], "to her heirs being of age."^ v. concordances. [Hebrews3; James; John; Matthew; Paul. T£X.£i6 go. execute, is common in legal papyri = "execute": ... P Oxy III. 48320 (A.D. 108) T£X.£To5aai t 6 v iap,6 v ] (S)£ ^ g KaG^KEL, "to execute the deed in the proper way." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Paul. 1M M 624. ^13 1756. ®MM 626. 4Ibid. 628. 5Ibld. 629. 6Ibld. TeXeCioais. fulfillment.7 y. supra. 110 Lk 1.45; Hb 7 . 1 1 .-- - [Hebrews j; Luke. T£\£o>. pay. Receipts are often introduced by the phrase TET^XeaTai, ... P Orenf II. 50^a) al. 8 Cl* J 19.3(0. y. concordances. James; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul. t£\o£. end. P ELeph I12 (B.C. 311-10) ... £ UOj-LOV t £ \ o £ £xot5at|^, "as if a formal decree of the court had Q been obtained." v. concordances. - — - [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. OQ t CGtj^ i . execute, make, appoint. P Oxy III. 482 (A.D. 109) &ko\ot50Ci)5 f) £ 0 £To, "in accordance with the will which he drew up in his lifetime."10 y. concordances. ---- [HebrewsJ; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. THJ.dc). set a value on. as in Mt 27.9 ... is seen in ... P Cairo Zen II. 5926913 (an account - B.C. 234) £ [dp6 ]fe 7T\£CovoS £X.doaovoc T[i|x]fjTCu, auTaJi {>rtdp|£t, "if the price be reck oned at more or less, it will be imputed to him accordingly.1,11 y. concordances. John; Luke; 1/Sark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 1 P Ti|jifi. price. y. supra. y. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Matthew; Paul; Peter. 1 ^ T ClJLloq. costly. v. supra. y. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Paul; Peter. 7Ibid. 8Ibid. 630. 9Ibid. 10Ibid. 634. 11Ibid. 12Ibid. 635. 13Ibid. Ill 2 4 f T Cvo). pay the penalty, P Fay 21 * (A.D. 134) TT]V npoq- yjHouoav 8 Ckt)[v {)]7t6 oX(oai, "may pay the fitting penalty."14 2 Th 1.9. Paul. 12 » obtain. P Ryl II. 65 (B.C. 67?) TUXClV 6 auToi?9 2)V 7tpoor'nH£ i, "that they should receive also the proper penalty. "15 v. concordances. - -- Luke; Paul. Q Tl37TOS. decree, pattern. P Ryl II. 75 (judicial proceedings - late ii/A.D.) £r|TT|0fjceTai 6 ntfpos auro[i5], ^6 ^ Ttirtos £CJTtv Had* ou enpetva 7tokX.dKt£, "let an inquiry be made into his means; only there is a principle according to which I have often judged."16 v. concordances. - -- [HebrewsJ; John; Luke; Paul; Peter* 14Ibid. 636. 15Ibid. 644. 16Ibid. 645. Y ■&(3pC£a). maltreat,1 v. infra, Mt 22.6; Lk 11.45; 18.32; Ac 14.5; ----- Luke; Matthew; Paul. 1 Th 2.2. U0ptg. outrage. P Ryl II 13611 (A.D. 34)D0piV p.01 C7UV- eaTTiadTcoi ou Ttjv TUXOUCFav, lfb© subjected me to no common out rage."2 Ac 27.10, 21; 2 Cor 12.10. ---- Luke; Paul. ■&(3p icrrf)g. outrageous.5 v. supra. Ro 1.30; 1 Ti 1.13. ----- Paul. utoQeoCa. adoption. Deissmann (BS p. 239) has drawn atten tion to the frequency of the phrase K&0 utoGccrCa. in the inscrr., which "lets us understand that Paul Rom 8.15, Gal 4.5 al. was avail ing himself of a generally intelligible figure when he utilized the term u l o 9 e Ro 8.15, 23; 9.4; Gal 4.5; Eph 1.5. - - - Paul. UTtaKOUOD. obey. P Oxy VI 9009 (A.D. 322) fmCLKotieIV Hat 'fjli.eCu Tovq £vxipta0£ iai 6Tip.6oia £7tiTdYlia.Ta, “to render obedience to me who have been entrusted with so many public 5 burdens." v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; Luke; Maik; Matthew; Paul; Peter. ■&Ttdpxco. be originally, the meaning "being originally" (RV marg.) cannot be pressed for {jrtdpXWV in Phil 2.6, though the thought is probably present. As showing how naturally it might arise, 1MM 647. 2Ibid. 5Ibld. 4Ibid. 648. 5Ibid. 650. 113 ... p Lond 191223 (a.d. 41) cptiaet efoepelg nepl Toi>s Se^aaTobg &rtdpXOVT£S, "you are by disposition loyal to the Au- gustii." (from a letter of Claudius to the Alexandrines.) v. concordances. ---- James; Luke; Peter; Paul. bnip. c. gen. on behalf of. P Tebt I. 649 (B.C. 140-139) ^7ti.T]e\erv t& votu£6|Ji£va to is Qeoig $rt£p fpfiv xal rate t [£k ]vo)v , "to pay the customary offerings to the gods on behalf 7 of us and our children." v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. ^rcepaCpto. press. BGU IV. 1055s (ii/A.D.), an advocated plea, the plaintiff "does not press his claim beyond two talents." Q ■ftrtepaCpei t^[v] avuTeCp/natv toJv 6 l3o TaAdvTWv. 2 Cor 12.7 bis; 2 Th 2.4. ---- Paul. vrceppaCvco. transgress. BGU III. 100710 (iii/B.C.) TtdvT[eg] irtep£priaau etg t?|v avAfjv (iov. 9 1 Th 4.6. - - - Paul. U7tep(3dAA(o« surpass. For the meaning "outbid" at an auction, ... P Oxy XIV. 16335 (A.D. 275) pot5[Aop.ai £rtep]paX.£iv Aupf|\tov Sepf)v[ov, "I wish to outbid Aurelius Serenus."^8 2 Cor 3.10; 9.14; Eph 1.19; 2.7; 3.19. ---- Paul. {jrtepPoXTj. beyond measure.v. supra. Ro 7.13; 1 Cor 12.31; 2 Cor 1.8; 4.7, 17; 12.7; ---- Paul. Gal. 1.13. 6Ibid. 7Ibid. 651. 8Ibid. 652. 9Ibid. 10Ibid. i;LIbid. 114 pay the penalty* P Play 2125 (A.D. 134) OJt]co ArtopCas iaivoi t^p npoa^Kouaav 6 Ckt|[v b ]rt6oxcoot, "so that the creditors may pay the fitting penalty for their disobedi ence. "12 Ju 7 . Jude. $*O0d\\u>. suborn. P Oxy XIV. 16309 (A.D. 282?) *lGl6(Spou 6 rtoPMT(P XP^CHidptp, "Isodorus using a false name."13 Ac 6.11.----- Luke. ftrtodixos. brought to trial, or liable to be tried. PI Lg. 954 a, al.14 Eo 3.19.----- Paul. t m o ^ P W . suffer. P Oxy II. 237viii#38 (A.D. 186) 6 Ckt)P ■J>7to(iEPOPOt Tt|P TtpoG^jHouGap, "will suffer the due penalty of their disobedience."15 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; James; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. fcrtdOTaots. title deed. P Oxy II. 237vii1,25 (A.D. 126) Tats Av6 pG5v bnooj&otoiv, where according to GH (p. 176), VftoOTaotg stands for "the whole body of documents bearing on the ownership of a person*s property, deposited in the archives, and form ing the evidence of the ownership ... in all cases there is the cen tral idea of something that underlies visible conditions and guaran tees a future possession ... Heb 11.1 we venture to suggest the trans lation "Faith is the title-deed of things hoped for."1® 12Ibid. 654. 15Ibid. 656. 14LS 1880. 15MM 658. 15Ibld. 659. 115 2 Cor 9,4; 11.17; Hb 1.3; 3.14; 1 1 . 1 . [Hebrews]; Paul. {>rtoOT£XXco. keep back. P Oxy II. 2462® (A.D. 66 ), where a sender of a property-return swears by the Emperor Nero {?7t£0 — Td[X0(ai)» "not to have prevaricated," or "kept anything back."17 Ac SO.20 , 27; Gal 2.12; Hb 10.38. [Hebrews]; Luke; Paul. ■&7toCfT oX'f). draw back.18 v. supra. Hb 10.39. - - - [Hebrews]. {jTtOTdaao). append. P Oxy I. 679 (A.D. 338) 0)q ye T & {jrCOT£Ta/Y|j,£pa Siapepeo'UTai, "as at least the appended document testifies.1,19 v. concordances. - - - [Hebrews]; lames; Luke; Paul; Peter. ■&7XOT CGrpi. mortgate. P Ryl II. 16228 (A.D. 159) rtO)\oiJaa Kat trtOT 10ouoa, "having the power of sale, mortgate, gift."28 Ro 16.4; 1 Ti 4.6. - - - Paul. frjtocp£poo. bear. P Oxy III. 48819 (ii/iii A.D.) £k ToOtou OUK oXCytiv pXdrt'nv {?Tt0 Cp^pei, "in consequence he inflicts much loss on me."21 1 Cor 10.13; 2 Ti 3.11; 1 Pt 2.19. ---- Paul; Peter. &<7Tep€tO. be deficient. P Hib 6529 (c. B.C. 265) Eva p.,n[0 fe]v [eis £]p,& ■uOTep'f^aril, "in order that there may be no ar rears against me."32 v. concordances. [Hebrews]; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 17Ibid. 660. 18Ibid. 19Ibid. 20Ibid. 21Ibid. 661. 22Ibid. $ 116 (paCv^« give judgment. P Oxy I. 37ii,? (report of a lawsuit - a.d. 49) cpa(i?£T(xC{j,oi Hard bnb tou KupCou TVyeiidvog xp 10£VTa, "I give judgment in accordance with the decision of our lord the prefect."1 v. concordances. [He"brewsJ; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. Cpap|iCXKECa. poisoning. In P Oxy III. 48621 (A.D. 131) it has the sinister meaning "poisoning" - Tjpj p,T|Tpl |10U 'Epp,i6 vTI cpapp,a- xeCag £pxaA.&v, "charging my mother Hermione with poison ing." ... From this it is an easy transition to "sorcery," "witch craft," as in Gal 5.20.2 Gal 5,20; Rv 9,21; 18.23. ---- John; Paul. Rv 21.8; 22.15. John. KCt/rd ntoriv .. [.]. ^77£7pdcp0ai, "asserting that it had been 4 registered in security." Ac 24.9; 25.19; Ro 1.22; Rv 2.2. John; Luke. (pe$Y6t>, flee. Hdt. 7.214 alj tr\V v. concordances. - -- [Hebrews]; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. "injure," as in 1 Cor 3.17, al. we may point to the common clause XMM 663. 2Ibid. 664. 3Ibid. 4Ibid. 665. 5LS 1925. 117 in marriage contracts forbidding the wife cpGeCpeiv T&v xoivdv OIKOV, P Tebt I. 10429 (B.C. 92).6 1 Cor 3.17; 15.33; 2 Cor 7.2; - -- John; Jude; Paul. 11.3; Eph 4.22; Ju 10. cppov£co. right mind.7 v. supra, vodfc). v. concordances. - - - Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 17 9pOl>pdco. guard. P Axnh II* 43 (B.C. 173) ... a contract is witnessed by 6 persons to5v kv Tfji ScwvortaCou Nf|OaH cppoupodv- tcov Hat |J.lc6 o(cp6 pcov), "belonging to the guard at 3 Socnopaei Nesus and in receipt of pay." 2 Cor 11.32; Gal 3.23; Phil 4.7; 1 Pt 1.5. ----- Paul; Peter. cpv^doao). keep, guard. P Byl II. 1162® (A.D. 194) X<5«you |iot tt, concordances. John; Jude; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. Cp v. concordances. ---- John; Luke; Mark; Matthew. SMM 667. 7Ibid. 676. 8Ibid. 677. 9Ibid. 678. 10LS 1977 X 118 XdpaYM£U brand, on a camel. P Grenf. 2.50 (a). 5 (ii/A.D,),1 Ac 17.29; Rv 13.16, 17; 14.9, 11; 15.2; 16.2; ---- John; Luke. 19,20; 20.4. XCip C£o|J.ai. give freely. A striking linguistic parallel to our Lord’s trial before Pilate occurs in P Flor I. 61 (A.D. 85), where a Prefect, after stating to an accused man, ... nthou art worthy to be scourged," (cf. Jn 19.1), adds x^pttoiiCU 6fc ere ToiS OX^OIS, 2 "but I give you freely to the multitude.1’ v. concordances. - - - Luke; Paul. X^Cp. hand. T&g x&tpas al'petv to hold up hands in to- ken of assent or choice, of persons voting. Ar. Ec. ,264. v. concordances. - - -[HebrewsJ; James; John; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul; Peter. X£tp67pacpov. certificate of debt, bond. For Col 2.14, the 24 only occurrence of the word in the MT, we may cite BGD in. 717 (A.D. 149) xeip67pa[cpov] ... X ^ P K dXCopaTos nal irtiYpaqjfjg, na decree neither washed out not written over. Col 2.14s Paul. X£ipoTOV^d). appoint. elect. P Oxy X. 1252 verso18 (A.D. 288- 95) {>[rtoYua>]s xetpoTouTiteeU] ... etg Ttjv itapd *0£dpvy- XteCTai*] rtpuTaueCav, "having been recently ap pointed to the prytany at Oxyrhynchus.”8 Ac 14.23; 2 Cor 8.19. - - - Luke; Paul. XprpciT C £a>. negotiate with, issue ordinances, etc., X» ■^S 1976. 684. 3LS 1983. SlM. 687. 5Ibid. ArCOPP^OE PI1 2. 438.6.^ 119 Mt 2.12, 22; Lk 2.26; Ac 10.22; 11.26; [Hebrews]; Luke; Ro 7.3; Hb 8.5; 11.7; 12.25. l&tthew; Paul. X P ^ a l|J>OS. expedient. P Ryl II. 1143 " {c. A.D. 280) rcpAs TO T0ig cpApOlS XP^°lp 2 Ti 2.14. Paul. X(bpC£to. separate. The word ha3 become almost a technical term in connexion with divorce, as in 1 Cor 7.10, 11, 15 ... P Ryl II. 15425 (a.d. 66) Icitu 6 tacpop&s cunois 'Yevap.^vris [x]topC^ovTai An* AXVfiXan) . . ,, "but if any difference arises between them and they separate the one from Q the other ... ". v. concordances. ---- [Hebrews]; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. 6LS 2005. 7MM 691. 8 Ibid. 696. f 120 ty£l>8op.0ipTup£(0• bear false witness, Pl.R.575b.^ Mt 19.18; Mk 10.19; 14.56, 5 7 ; Luke; Mark; Matthew; Paul. Lk 18.20; Ro 13.9. 2 \[f£u6 o|JWipTl?pftt. false witness. v. aupra. Mt 15.19; 26.59. ---- Matthew. (2 ■\(r£u6 o(jldpTvg. a. false witness. v. supra. Mt 26.60; 1 Cor 15.15. ----- Lktthew; Paul. ^\acpdo). examine. Pram meaning "feel,” "touch," (as in Lk 24.39, cf. Gen 27.12), tyT]Xacpda) comes In late Greek to denote "examine closely," as in Polyb. viii. 18. 4 K&Odv £rtCvotttu ^riXdcpa ,4 Lk 24.39; Ac 17.27; Hb 12.18; 1J 1 . 1 . [Hebrews]; John; Luke. ■tyfjcpos. vote, pebble used in voting ... hence the vote itself, 5 ^f^POV cp£pECv give onefs vote ... D.57.61. Ac 26.10; Rv 2.17. - - - John; Luke. 1LS 2020. 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4M 697. 5IS 2022. PART II. WORDS USED IN LEGAL DOCUMENTS WITH NO CHANGE IN THEIR MEANING A dY avaxT ^co be angry vial & &e C always ataxl5vri, k t K. shame CU t £(*> ask chxw«6X.<0To <;, ht\. prisoner aidvios, m t X. perpetuus dnaGapoCa, h t \. uncleanness dKo\ou9 £a> follow dAA&oato exchange dXAoY^vns stranger olK v o i g chain djieiartTos, k t X. blameless d|n5va) defend dixiY iv&aKO) re ad dva^t|T^ci) search dva?\.0YCcL, k t ?*.. proporti on dvaiafva) wait for 121 dvdrtauaig relief, rest 122 dvarce C 9 a) induce dverti\^TXTog blameless dvGpiSrcivog secular, man's dvo Cyo) open dvoiHo6on^o) rebuild duT C in exchange for CUKO0£V a second time a| log worth drtam dto, kt\. appear, meet artapT icrp,6g completion drto§,n(jL^ci) go away from home drto0vf|aK(i) die drtoKTeCvci) kill dnoX.a|ipdva) receive what is due drtoX.e Cmo leave drtoJtv C*Yto choke drto OTtdco withdraw drtoaTdaiov divorce dnoaT &Kku> send drtoT C0T|ijii set aside dp7^w be idle dpydpiov, ktX,. money dp£aKto, m t \. please dpiGpdg sum dpK^O) be sufficient 123 <5t,pn6£a> betroth af>XW> k t X. rule aaiBeta disloyalty (impiety) acmovSos without a truce aTewvos childless a i T i n o s , k t X. dishonor a T o rto g harmful au0aCp£To^ willing B pap£co, h t X. weigh down P a c n X e C a , k t X. kingdom p f p a judgment seat p f o s , * t X. livlihood pouXevT-fa council member r Y d £ a , h t X. treasury Y a|i£a), h t X. marry Y e v e d , h t X. lineage, race YepoucCa council of elders Y ^ w n i i a , k t X. offspring YetSpYtov, k t X. field y 6 |jlo? merchandise A SaveC ^K fy k t X. lend 6artavda>, h t X. cost 6£*nais supplication 124 8e t it is necessary 6e t7(j,a sample 6e1.7p.aT C£a> make clear 8eKdTTi tenth 6e£ id pledge 8dpa> smite S ea p .6 s, ktX. prison 8 earf6 TT]g master 6dxo|J.ai receive 6 r|p.ioup7 6 6r]|j,6 crios public 6 td 70) continue Sta6Cw|ju distribute 6 td 6 o x o g successor 6iaCpeaig, h t ^. divisioh 6 taKco\i5a> prevent 8 1 ak£yw> examine 6 taW daaco change 6iap.epCO, h t \. divide 8 1 artpa7p,aT euop.a t gain by trading 6 lacpettyu) escape Sidcpopog difference 8 iaqpu\daaw guard 8 16dGH(xX.o?» htX. teacher 6 iri vek£s in perpetuity E 125 £‘YHa T a^£ Crew leave £*YKpa,Tf|S, kt\. having power over E0V&PXT1S governor £ 0 vog, ktX. nati on £0og, ktX.. custom etpfivir), ht\. peace e t CHaX.^0) summon enfi^xopav receive I h6iooh(l> persecute £x£r|t£co search out £khX.Cvu> avoid £n\e Crtio f ai 1 £K7t£\irtto send up £n\r\ p6o) fulfill ekt£X.eco perform £kt C0T|p.L post EKcpfpti) produce Ikoov willing £p,(3&\\a> cast Ep,7top£a, kt\. merchandise £vcxvt Cog opposite !v6£T]g deficiency- ev6ei,£ ig proof eue6pel5a), ht\. lie in wait £vCaTT]p,i be present £uteu| ig petition evT i|i,og honorable 126 £vt6tuos local ild y a ) lead out l£ artaT&vo) deceive £|anop£<«> be in need £|a7tooT^\\o) send £|e(5xo[J.at go out £££Td£a> search e£iTY£on.at expound e £ la x d v w procure egopKC^co adjure e|(i)0£o> drive out eTCayycWta, ktX. promise IndvaY K eg compulsory ^TtauCaTTim, revolt £nav£pxo|-Lai return ErtapneCa, ktX. province IrtEpooTdu), htX.. ask £jnc£x<*> delay £rfiPaCva) molest £ru 6£xoiiat accept £rtt6C6toiJLi deliver Irutirrfw seek erciKaX&o summon IruKpCvoo judge £t u X,£y £rtC\otrtog remainder ini\il'k£ia, ktA.. care 127 l:Ttirtopel5op.at visit IruTdaaoa, h t \ . instruct ^TUTpOTtetfO) install epTov, ht\, work sp|j,T)veda>, ktX.. interpret cpcoTdco questi on eu-yevfj^ noble euep^ETdco, kt\. show kindness e u G e to g suitable e u v o ia , ktX. good will c& p Ccrx(o find euornaog well marked e6ox4j|itt)v, htX.. seemly £UXa P i°T&*)» htX.. be grateful £ X 0 p a enmi ty c'xw possess Z £da) live t,£&YVV[X\., ktX. join H flYejjuftv, k t \. governor rj|j,ia u g half © 0<5,\no) cherish 0T iaaup6s store house 128 0\Cf3<*> oppress GvfiOKW die 0 6 p u p o s riot 0i5a), h tX . sacrifice I Ispa/reCa, k t X. priesthood I’a o q equal K KaGaCpco purge Ha0 CaTrip.t appoint kcl0oXik6s, ktX. general x a i p 6 s season x a n o u x ^ * x t \. maltreat xanriXE'uco drive a petty trade xcxt d in accord with x a x a d 1(5x0) pursue xaTaSvvaaTetiw oppress xcrraxXe Cw shut up xaTawXripofioT £ KaTep7 d^op.at work naT£pxo|JUXi go down HaT£O0CcO devour 129 xevTupCavu centurion K^pSog gain K^ppa money wecpdXtou, ktX.. sum Kfjvog tax xiv6ov£l5ci) run a risk Kiv£w, KTX. revolt k \£C KA.£ppa theft KT\. punish Ko\X.vj3iCTTjg money changer KOOli&O establish KovOTa)6(a guard Hp\57tTCi) hide A X.av0dvu> escape notice Crtco be deficient \r)OTf|s robber \o irt 6 g remainder ^upaCvopai injure \i5 M pavOdvu) learn paoT 1 7 6 (0 , mtX.. scourge pai-fy), ktX.. in vain 130 H,e8ep|J.T|V£l5(o translate |iE0 CaTr)|j,i remove p.e6o6eCa method ia£p.cpop>cxb blame (l^VU) remain p.£ptp,pa, ktX. care pepCs, htX. part p,£Ta|3aCvu> depart p£Tapd\Xa) change p E T d Y O ) turn peTdeeaig change peraKaX.^0) summon peTpdoo measure privtfto report piaCixo defile p i a £ u hate p i credo) hire N v a d x X r p o g lessee, captain D i t t o s minor, child u60 og illegitimate v d p i c p a coin 0 o 16a know otxeiog, xt\. of a household o k o g all OjJ.OlO£, h tX . similar 131 ovojidf;u) name o p 0 6 g , H7\. right & po0ea£a boundary opcpavd^ orphan o a o g all ovoC a property ox^op-cxt be disturbed oty& viov, ktX. wages n rtaX aid g, ktX. ancient rtaXiYYeveaCa restitutio rcavoupyC a knavery rcapapovX,edo|J.at, expose to danger napaYCvopai come rcapaSe lYjiaT £ £u> make an example napaS^xopai receive TtapdSoaig transmission TtapaX.ajj.pduu> receive 7tapa(i^uu> remain rtapdar|jj.o^ noted rtapaTeCvu) extend rtdpe tjii be present rtapeuox^^w cause trouble rtap^x^ furnish rtdpotxog, ktX. stranger rtapo£tivop.cu provoke 132 TtaTpinds, m t \. ancestral rtauu) stop rteCBo), k t A,. persuade rt^pag end rtept ortdw distract Ttepicppov&o despise ruGavoX.o'YCa persuasive speech TtirtpdaHto sell rcXeovd^cD exceed rcXeovEKTdci) take advantage of rtXTjaaco, k t X. smite rto t^OD do JtoX.tTEl5|jLa, ktX.. citizenship 7tpa.Y|iaT£Ca,htX. business 7tpdxTU>P officer npfrta) be becoming npeapsCa, x t \. ambassage npopd\?yxi) put forward npo8(6u>|j.i betray Jtpo£pxo|J. Ttpoad^xoiiai, k t X. wait for npoaxapTEpfco c ontinue rtpoOHoXXdci) join npoaocpe C\u> owe TtpoCJT C0T)|Jlt rtpoatpSpw bring rtp6cpctcis pretence npcfrros* kt\. first sell P |5a£6C£ ^>ap6o0xog policeman 2 aiyda) be silent axortds aim arteMou\4T(op executioner OTtovSdCco make haste err daig insurrection aTpaTidorris, mt\. soldier avyyevfis, kt\. kinsman ovyn a\£co call avyxXeCw imprison, enclose avYxoiUfcw bring in Gvi&Hti®, ktX. yoke together gv£t)t£ av\a7a>Y^w,htX. rob avXdxo plunder auWanPdvw arrest ovW&ytt) collect aup,pdXX(j) contribute GP^{3ovX.et3co, mt\. advise 134 au|XTtXrip6co fill GpprtoXCTris fellow citizen Gvp GU|ji'i|rncpC £a> add avpaYitfY'fj place of assembly auva0poC£co assemble G p p £6p lop counc il auvTiQeCa custom auptdaaco c ommand GUPTEX& i), k t A.. complete GPPTTjpdG) keep GaSjjia body, person GoxppoGdpr), ktX.. discretion T t c x k t 6 s f ixed Tapax^, ht\, disturbance T E K P O Y 0 p £(0 beget T^XTCOP carpenter T£?\.EPT&W, KTX,. die TE^PTl? tax-gatherer TEtpdpxiig, k t X. tetrarch t £ xvti trade Ttlpfw, mt\. guard t nj,cop£a> punish t 6 k o s interest T0\n&»>, KT\. be bold t6ttos district tovt£cti namely t parte £CTr)S money changer Y w a p | i s property { m ev av rC o s opposed ^)TtT]p£T£(l) assist ■&rc*np€Trig servant •&TCo6£(HVUp,l. inform fotoS^XOM-Ctl receive unoXeCTtd) leave remaining urcoX t |JLTCdlva) leave behind urtovo&o, WT\. conjecture $ cpQAvo) come cpiXoveiwCa strife cpovetia), kt\. murder qp6pog tax cppaY£X.X.iov, htX,. scourge (pvkawtf), ktX.. prison cpuX/f^ tribe cpuot h6s natural X XaCpu) greet X dpiv on account of Xdpicpxi favor bestowed X i M a p x o g chief captain Xoprrydo) supply X p d o p a i use XpeCa business Xpfyia property Xpvadg gold X Pdvos time T >|reu6f|s, kt\. false \Jrr|q>C(;a> reckon Cl <5>v£op.a.i buy ViaadTwg likewise 0)OT£ on condition that PART III. WORDS WHICH MAY BE LEGAL BUT ARE NOT SO USED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT A Legal meaning Normal meaning fryevfis childless base things a lv o s decree praise dvaCSect unforgiveness importunity &va\ct|!j3dva>,kt X. confiscate receive up avacpaCvw adopt appear dvacpa)v£cc decree speak out refuse put up with drtapx^ legacy - duty f irst-fruits drtop&o resign doubt dpxatog capital old A 5 t a a T o M notification difference 6 i£|oSos conclusion highway 6 taT,n|j,t dispute go away E ^h6ox^ giving of scurity expectation £k \£y £KA,du> pay in full faint EKOTaaig tax astonishment 137 £(ji(3ip&(;co discharge put (aboard) ^vttACgcki) fetter wrap d|avCaTT)|jLi reject raise up £| CaTTjpi resign (property) be amazed e |o 6 o g expense decease ^rctpaCvo) encroach go on board drttYCvoM-at elapse blow (wind) £rcCGeoig attack lay on (hands) ^rtC^uaig, kt\ . discharge interpretation IrttaTpocp^ attention conversion eu0l5vci) arraign make straight © GetopCa investigation spectacle K MaTapdWco pay cast down KaTdne ip.ai register lie down, sit KaTaHoX.ov0^(«) carry out follow xaraT C0r|p.i, aver lay, place KaT£D0\5ua> condemn direct Kdrtra) coin (money) cut off, mourn n TtatS tov slave child rtapd7to bring forward depart Ttap C Tip. i concede to hang down rtpd| iq right of execution deed 139 rtpooavaTCSrpi set forth in addition confer npdawX-nais judicial summons partiality T T&f IS tax order Y (jTtdya) hring up go away X Xetpa.7 ayyi.u administer lead by the hand PART IV. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ON THE USE OF LEGAL TERMS BY DIFFERING AUTHORS IN THE BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT Several interesting conclusions may be made from this study of legal terminology in the New Testament. There are approximately 725 words in Part I; 400 in Part II; and 44 in Part III. As expected these words verify again the conclusion which was reached by Greek scholars following the discovery of the papyri late in the last century. The legal words were very much a part of the Koine Greek, the every-day language of the people in and after the time of Christ. These legal words were used many times in contracts, wills, emperor's rescripts, etc* The use of a number of these words in the papyri provides a more precise translation for various New Testament wordB than was possible before. A few examples are: artcyypdcpu) , "enrol &ppa|$(jyi> "earnest-money" j3atO£, "guaranteed" ; 66x11105, "genuine", "proved"; X.O'YcCct, "collection" {rtapCtKoX.OU0£co, "refers not to future inquiry but to past first-hand knowledge"; and ■&Tt6crTacis, "title-deed." The fact that a word may be used with a legal meaning does not mean that it is so used in every occurrence. The more frequent the usage of a word, the less certain one can be of its 141 precise meaning, if both kinds of meaning are well attested. For example, the wordy (,ix&OKO), "know” , may or may not have a legal connotation. Against this almost negative conclusion, one can list words (from Part i) with a definitely legal or technical usage in a single author, or two authors, on up to nine authors. For example - the nine authors used 9 such words (listed in the Appendix); 8 authors used 15; 7 authors used 15; 6 authors used 25; 5 authors used 30; 4 authors used 20; and 3 authors used approximately 35 such words. The largest number of legal or technical words used by a single author is 125 by Paul. Luke uses 60; while the author of Hebrews uses 23 (listed in the Appendix). An unexpected result is that Peter in two short books uses 14 such words, and James, in one, uses 10. John, in five books, uses 8, (all listed in the Appendix). Out of this legal vocabulary Luke and Paul agree in using 45 words; the author of Hebrews and Paul in using 18 (listed in the Appendix); and the author of Hebrews and Luke in using 16. Since the authorship of Hebrews is in question, these figures are of some interest. This study has shown that the meaning of well established legal words in Classical Greek are in general so used in the New Testament. Some such words are: dyopd^O); drtO^OY^CHACtl ; 6lKO.l6(Jt>; X.t5t p o v . 14S Some Classical Greek words have acquired a legal meaning in the New Testament. For example - dt|j,apT Cot, "missing the mark" in Classical Greek, and "illegal action" in New Testament Greek. There are several words used in the New Testament with a legal meaning to which there is no legal parallel until several hundred years later. These are a0£ a'YYEX.OS envoy d|iapTw\6 g sinner LOIOS one1s own KpC|xa judgment HpCaig judgment,trial Kl5pLog possessor, master 7UOT£i5u> commit TtCo'T guarantee, etc. atS^co preserve II. Words with a legal or technical meaning used by one author. Author of Hebrews &Yv6Tl|J,a ignorance & 0£0T|ais annul &jJ,ET&0ETO£ immutable dvTaYO)vC^o|iai struggle &v t ixaOCaTrpi be confronted with drtapdpaTog inviolate Poti06 6 tdTaY(jia edict, injunction 6i6p0coatg 143 reformation SoHi^ciaCa testing 1 4 4 eyyvo<; security rj jifjv truly tneTripCa petition \eiTovp7 ix6 s service p.eaiTe\5co act as arbiter vo(iO0eT^a> enact va>9p6g remissness OX 17UP &0 neglect 6pK(i)y,ooCa taking an oath reap art CnToo be invalid ne i pa make trial of ovvcnipapTvpiiti join in attesting bixooroXfi draw back James d6ldK ptTO ^ impartial dne CpaaTog subject to no dispute 6,rcXSg without reserve &k o t b X£( pay what is due editeiG'ng compliant 0avaTT|(p6po nat o i h C £co right of domicile v o m -o Q^ttis law giver ^>V7tap6g debased John 145 AyyeXCa proclamation &.yy£KK(^ proclaim axpa*rog untempered {3acaviop,<5g torture KaTaaqppa«Y C seal |JL^T(«MtOV forehead v Ck T| success rcapdnXriTog advocate Peter a S tx w g unjustly a 6 o \ o g unadulterated aG eapog lawless arcov^poo assign drrocpeu7 a) go free £taxoX.ou9£u> incur ^rupapTirp^ot) call to witness £rtorrretito keep watch £rtorcrfjg eye-witness x p a T a i6 g ruling x t Cat f ounder rta.pavop.Ca illegal action rt\aoT 6g f orged aTpe{3?\.6(»> stretch on the rack 146 III. Words with a legal or technical meaning used by the authors of Hebrews and Paul. &66>un,os not legal atp£o|J.ai choose drceCSeta rebellion, etc. pe(3aCa>otg guaranteed 6tdKpiaig examination 6ouXeCa slavery eXeYXOS proof £v6eCKm>p.i prove Ev6iHog legal Gapp^co have confidence HeaiT^g arbiter |i,£T^X4> be a partner 6p,oXo7£a agreement op&YOM-ai aspire to rtapdpaoig transgression TtapaiT£o(i.at refuse, resign ^TtdaTaaig title-deed BIBLIOGRAPHY Arndt, William F., and Gingrich, F.Wilhur. A Greek- English Lexicon of the New Testament. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957. Englishman's Greek Concordance of the New Testament. (9th,ed.j London, Samuel Bagster and Sons,1903. Liddel, Henry George, and Scott, Robert. A Gree'r- English Lexicon. 2 vols. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1867 - 1939. Moulton, James Hope, and Milligan, George. The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Wm. B.Eerdmans Publishing Company,1952. Nestle, D.Eberhard, and Nestle, D,Erwin. Novum Testamentum Graece.(20th. ed.) New York, American Bible Society, 1956. 147 AUTOBIOGRAPHY I, Alice Johnson Bodle, was born in Marysville,Ohio, April 5, 1901. I received my secondary education in the public schools of Marysville, Ohio, and my undergraduate training at Ohio State University, which granted me the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1951. I received the Master of Arts degree from the same institution in 1952. During my graduate work at Ohio State University, I taught Latin for one year, and for three years I held the position of Research Assistant in the Department of Classical Languages, while completing the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,, 148