Summary of Sites on Benmara Station

Summary of Sites on

Benmara Station

May 2012

Acknowledgments

Ausplots Rangelands gratefully acknowledges the staff at Benmara and the Australian Agricultural Company for their help and support in the project and for allowing access to their property. Thanks also to volunteer Zhanhuan Shang who assisted with field work and the many other volunteers who have helped with data curation and sample processing. Thanks to Peter Latz and the staff from the NT Herabrium for undertaking the plant indentications.

Contents

Introduction...... 1 Accessing the Data ...... 3 Point intercept data ...... 3 Plant collections ...... 3 Leaf tissue samples...... 3 Site description information ...... 3 Structural summary ...... 3 Leaf Area Index ...... 3 Basal area ...... 3 Soil classification ...... 4 Soil meta barcoding samples ...... 4 Soil bulk density ...... 4 3D Photo Panorama ...... 4 Potential Uses for AusPlots Data from Benmara Station ...... 5 For more information ...... 5 Appendices ...... 6

Appendix 1. Summary of AusPlots data and samples from Benmara Station ...... 6 Appendix 2. Plot locations ...... 7 Appendix 3. Point intercept data ...... 8 Appendix 4. Substrate and growth form ...... 10 Appendix 5. Structural Summary...... 12 Appendix 6. Soil Classification ...... 13 Appendix 7. Bulk density ...... 13 Appendix 8. Plant collection ...... 14

Introduction In May 2012, AusPlots, part of the Terrestrial Ecosystems Research Network (TERN), undertook surveys Benmara Station, Northern Territory. The surveys involved vegetation and soils work following the AusPlots Rangelands methodology, with 5 plots completed. The plots are part of over 580 plots completed nationally. Figure 1 shows the national AusPlots plot network, and Figure 2 shows the locations of the plots Benmara Station.

This report provides a snapshot of some of the data which was collected during the survey work. A more detailed description of the methods used can be found online in our AusPlots Rangelands Survey Protocols Manual (White et al. 2012), available from our website www.ausplots.org.

Figure 1. AusPlots plot network LandSat Image used courtesy of the Commonwealth Department of the Environment

Figure 2. AusPlots Rangelands plot locations Benmara Station Topographic data copyright Geoscience Australia

Accessing the Data All of the data the AusPlots collects is freely available online through the AEKOS data portal at www.aekos.org.au. It can also be viewed on the Soils to Satellites website which contains a range of useful visualisations sourced from the Atlas of Living Australia. At http://www.soils2satellites.org.au/.

Point intercept data The point intercept method is a straightforward method that is readily repeatable and requires little instruction to produce reliable plot information. It provides accurate benchmark data at each plot including substrate type and cover; as well as species structural information such as growth form, height, cover and abundance and population vertical structure. The demographic information produced at each plot can be compared spatially to indicate plot diﬀerences, and temporally to indicate change over time. Additionally, the cover data collected at each plot can be used to validate cover data extrapolated through remote sensing techniques.

Plant collections Each species that is found within the plot has a herbarium grade sample taken. These have all been formally identified by the NT herbarium. Much of the material is then lodged at the NT herbarium or at the Ausplots facility in Adelaide.

Leaf tissue samples All of the above samples also have leaf tissue samples taken. This involves placing leaf samples from each species into a cloth bag and drying them on silica desiccant. All of the dominant species have an extra 4 samples collected. These samples are available for use on application to Ausplots facility in Adelaide. They are able to be used for genetic analysis, Isotopic composition and range of other uses.

Site description information Contextual information is also collected at each site. This includes measures of slope an aspect, surface strew and lithology, and information on the grazing and fire history of the site. The sites location is also recorded with a differential GPS and the plot corners and centres (with landholder permission) marked with a star picket.

Structural summary Detailed structural summary information is also collected at each site. When combined with the height and cover information from the point intercept data it enables the creation of structural description compatible with and NVIS level 5 description.

Leaf Area Index In plots where a mid and/or upper canopy is present a measure of Leaf Area is recorded. The tool used is an LAI- 2200 and it captures LAI measurements in a range of canopies using one or two sensors attached to a single data logger (LI-COR 1990). The LAI data has a range of potential application such as studies of canopy growth, canopy productivity, woodland vigour, canopy fuel load, air pollution deposition, modelling insect defoliation, remote sensing, and the global carbon cycle.

Basal area Basal area measurements are collected across plots where woody biomass is taller than 2m. Basal area measurements provide information useful for calculating biomass and carbon levels and for structural studies. The wedge aperture, the length of string – 50 cm (and hence the distance from the eye and subsequent angle from the eye to the edges of the wedge aperture) and species count are all important in calculations. Algorithms developed for use with the basal wedge include the above data to calculate plant basal area on a per hectare basis even though species are counted outside the one hectare plot area. The method is plotless but used because it is based on the

3 concept of circles (trunks/basal area) within circles (circular plots) – the area of one varies proportionally to the change in the area of the other. Use of the basal wedge may be superseded by further improvement of the 3D photo point method and development of algorithms to provide information on vegetation community structure.

Soil classification Soils descriptions i.e. information recorded, number of recordings and coverage of locations, are generally poor across the rangelands region of Australia. The plot descriptions and soil characterisations collected will substantially alleviate this paucity of information. The data collected can also be used to increase the reliability of the rangelands component of the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia, produced by the TERN facility consistent with the Global Soil Map specifications. Analyses of the collected samples will greatly enhance the level of knowledge (e.g. nutrient and carbon levels) and hence understanding of rangelands soils and how they will respond to climate change and management options. It is hoped to eventually be able to analyse all 9 of the soil pits from within the plot using a number of different methods e.g. wet chemistry, MIR or NIR (mid infrared spectrometry or near infrared spectroscopy) either individually to provide a measure of variation of the parameter being measured across a plot or bulked together and a sub-sample extracted and analysed to provide a mean value for that parameter across a plot.

Soil meta barcoding samples Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. Soil metagenomics provides the opportunity to understand what organisms are present at survey plots and provides an indication on their abundance. The collection techniques result in a bias towards higher order organisms. All of the Ausplots Benmara Station have soil meta barcoding samples collected.

Soil bulk density The soil bulk density (BD), also known as dry bulk density, is the weight of dry soil divided by the total soil volume. The total soil volume is the combined volume of solids and pores which may contain air or water, or both. The average values of air, water and solid in soil are easily measured and are a useful indication of a soils physical condition. Soil test results are most often presented either as a percentage of soil (e.g. % organic carbon) or as a weight per unit of soil (e.g. nitrogen, mg/kg). As bulk density is a measure of soil weight in a given volume, it provides a useful conversion from these units to an area basis unit (e.g. t/ha). The resulting number gives an easily understandable idea of the carbon storage or nutritional status of the soil on an area basis.

3D Photo Panorama AusPlots uses a three-dimensional method for photographing the site. This involves taking three 360 degree panoramas in a triangular pattern. This allows the creation of a 3D model of the vegetation within the site which can be used to monitor change over time, track plot condition as well as providing a unique, fast measurement of basal area and biomass.

4 Potential Uses for AusPlots Data from Benmara Station The AusPlots survey method was developed out of a dire need for consistent, national scale ecological data and surveillance monitoring. As such, the data can be used in a range of ways both Benmara Station but also to allow comparisons across the continent. Currently, a range of researchers and land managers make use of the data and samples. Some example applications that may be applicable within the region are listed below.

• Assessing vegetation change using the AusPlots methodology as both a baseline and a continued surveillance monitoring tool. • Detecting the impact of invasive species based on soil and vegetation data. • Ground-truthing satellite derived vegetation and soil data • Soil carbon analysis using the soil bulk density samples • Mapping soil phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients using soil pit and subsite samples • Assessing fuel loading using the basal area and leaf area data. • Use of the leaf tissue samples for genetic and isotopic analysis. For more information More information on the AusPlots facility can be found on our website www.AusPlots.org

For more information regarding the survey work Benmara Station and assistance downloading and utilising the data from AEKOS and Soils2Satellites contact Emrys Leitch, AusPlots Field Survey Officer, [email protected]

For more information regarding the AusPlots facility, contact Ben Sparrow, AusPlots Director, [email protected]

5 Appendices

Appendix 1. Summary of AusPlots data and samples from Benmara Station

AusPlots Data and Samples Count

Total Collections 227

Total Leaf Tissue Samples 346

Total number of soil samples 119

Total weight of soil (kg) 119

Number of sites with Bulk Density data 5

Number of Sites with Basal wedge 5

Total metagenomic samples 45

Total metagenomic weight (kg) 23

6 Appendix 2. Plot locations

Plot Name Date Location latitude longitude Benmara Station. 13km West of Nicolson River. 11km East North East of Benmara homestead. 236km North east of Barkley NTAGFU0013 12-May-12 Roadhouse 137.011624 -17.895909 Benmara Station. 19km north north east of Benmara homestead. 2km South West of Coanjula creek. 248km North east of Barkley NTAGFU0014 14-May-12 Roadhouse 136.938900 -17.751789 Benmara Station. 19.5km north north east of Benmara homestead. 1.5km South West of Coanjula creek. 248km North NTAGFU0015 14-May-12 east of Barkley Roadhouse 136.943049 -17.744460 Benmara Station .2.5km West of Nicolson River. 21km East North East of Benmara homestead. 236km North east of Barkley NTAGFU0011 10-May-12 Roadhouse 137.072365 -17.895706 Benmara Station. 12km West of Nicolson River. 12km East North East of Benmara homestead. 236km North east of Barkley NTAGFU0012 11-May-12 Roadhouse 137.018995 -17.895643

7 Appendix 3. Point intercept data *Denotes introduced species

Plot name Herbarium ID Common name Approx. % cover

NTAGFU0011 Triodia bitextura 17.52

NTAGFU0011 Eucalyptus pruinosa Kullingal 8.32

NTAGFU0011 Schizachyrium fragile Firegrass 7.52

NTAGFU0011 Aristida perniciosa 7.13

NTAGFU0011 Eriachne obtusa Northern Wanderrie Grass 7.13

NTAGFU0011 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass 6.04

NTAGFU0011 Terminalia canescens Pindan Walnut 4.95

NTAGFU0011 Acacia ancistrocarpa Fish-hook Wattle 4.26

NTAGFU0011 Annual Forb 2.67

NTAGFU0011 Grevillea parallela Beefwood 2.08

NTAGFU0011 Acacia phlebocarpa Table-top Wattle 1.88

NTAGFU0011 *Stylosanthes hamata Caribbean Stylo 1.49

NTAGFU0011 Annual Grass 1.09

NTAGFU0012 Eucalyptus leucophloia Migum 18.12

NTAGFU0012 Triodia bitextura 17.92

NTAGFU0012 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass 7.13

NTAGFU0012 Eriachne melicacea 3.17

NTAGFU0012 Eulalia aurea Silky Browntop 2.97

NTAGFU0012 Schizachyrium fragile Firegrass 2.38

NTAGFU0012 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex 2.08

NTAGFU0012 Dodonaea oxyptera 1.09

NTAGFU0013 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass 17.23

NTAGFU0013 Eulalia aurea Silky Browntop 15.64

NTAGFU0013 Melaleuca stenostachya 15.15

NTAGFU0013 Triodia bitextura 10.59

NTAGFU0013 Acacia phlebocarpa Table-top Wattle 3.86

NTAGFU0013 Terminalia volucris Rosewood 2.97

NTAGFU0013 Annual Forb 2.28

NTAGFU0013 Dodonaea physocarpa 1.88

NTAGFU0013 Acacia ancistrocarpa Fish-hook Wattle 1.39

NTAGFU0013 Digitaria brownii Cotton Grass 1.19

NTAGFU0013 Sehima nervosum Rat's Tail Grass 1.19

NTAGFU0013 Eucalyptus pruinosa Kullingal 1.09

NTAGFU0013 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex 1.09

NTAGFU0014 Eucalyptus microtheca Black Box 13.17

NTAGFU0014 Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-rush 6.34

NTAGFU0014 Enteropogon minutus 6.24

NTAGFU0014 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex 3.47

NTAGFU0014 Schizachyrium pseudeulalia 3.17

Plot name Herbarium ID Common name Approx. % cover

NTAGFU0014 Aristida holathera Erect Kerosene Grass 1.29

NTAGFU0015 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex 39.21

NTAGFU0015 Eucalyptus pruinosa Kullingal 8.91

NTAGFU0015 Eulalia aurea Silky Browntop 6.73

NTAGFU0015 Acacia phlebocarpa Table-top Wattle 5.35

NTAGFU0015 Melaleuca stenostachya 3.76

9 Appendix 4. Substrate and growth form

% of % of Growth Site Name Substrate Substrate Growth Form forms

NTAGFU0010 Leaf litter 45.1 Hummock grass (Spinifex etc.) 62.6 NTAGFU0010 Rock 43.4 Tree mallee 36.4

NTAGFU0010 Bare ground 8.0 Forb (Annual herbaceous plants) 0.6

NTAGFU0010 Cryptogam (Lichen crust) 2.9 Mistletoe 0.3 NTAGFU0010 Trunk 0.4 Tussock grass (Oat grass etc.) 0.2

NTAGFU0010 Coarse woody debris 0.2

% of % of Growth Site Name Substrate Substrate Growth Form forms NTAGFU0011 Leaf litter 90.6 Tussock grass (Oat grass etc.) 38.8

NTAGFU0011 Cryptogam (Lichen crust) 7.1 Hummock grass (Spinifex etc.) 21.4 NTAGFU0011 Bare ground 2.1 Shrub 20.5 NTAGFU0011 Rock 0.1 Tree mallee 14.0

NTAGFU0011 Trunk 0.1 Forb (Annual herbaceous plants) 5.3

NTAGFU0011 Coarse woody debris 0.1 % of % of Growth Site Name Substrate Substrate Growth Form forms NTAGFU0012 Leaf litter 73.6 Tree Mallee 35.7

NTAGFU0012 Cryptogam (Lichen crust) 21.5 Hummock grass (Spinifex etc.) 32.3 NTAGFU0012 Gravel 2.3 Tussock grass (Oat grass etc.) 27.2 NTAGFU0012 Bare ground 1.5 Shrub 4.0

NTAGFU0012 Termite mound 0.6 Forb (Annual herbaceous plants) 0.5 NTAGFU0012 Trunk 0.4 Sedge 0.3

% of % of Growth Site Name Substrate Substrate Growth Form forms NTAGFU0013 Leaf litter 83.5 Tussock grass (Oat grass etc.) 44.0

NTAGFU0013 Cryptogam (Lichen crust) 15.1 Shrub 36.1

NTAGFU0013 Bare ground 1.0 Hummock grass (Spinifex etc.) 13.9

NTAGFU0013 Gravel 0.2 Forb (Annual herbaceous plants) 2.8 NTAGFU0013 Termite mound 0.2 Tree mallee 2.6 NTAGFU0013 Trunk 0.1 Tree 0.4 Vine 0.2

% of % of Growth Site Name Substrate Substrate Growth Form forms NTAGFU0014 Leaf litter 82.9 Tree 35.7 NTAGFU0014 Bare ground 13.1 Tussock grass (Oat grass etc.) 33.8

NTAGFU0014 Cryptogam (Lichen crust) 2.2 Sedge 16.1

NTAGFU0014 Gravel 0.7 Hummock grass (Spinifex etc.) 8.3 NTAGFU0014 Trunk 0.2 Shrub 4.7

Forb (Annual herbaceous plants) 1.4 % of % of Growth Site Name Substrate Substrate Growth Form forms

NTAGFU0015 Leaf litter 79.4 Hummock grass (Spinifex etc.) 55.9

NTAGFU0015 Cryptogam (Lichen crust) 13.5 Tree mallee 15.4 NTAGFU0015 Bare ground 5.3 Shrub 14.8 NTAGFU0015 Gravel 1.8 Tussock grass (Oat grass etc.) 13.4 Sedge 0.4

11 Appendix 5. Structural Summary

Plot name Structural description Eucalyptus pruinosa mid mallee woodland with a diverse mid stratum dominated by Terminalia canescens, Acacia ancistrocarpa and Grevillea parallela and a ground stratum dominated by Triodia bitextura with NTAGFU0011 Schizachyrium fragile, Aristida perniciosa and Eria Eucalyptus leucophloia mid mallee woodland with aground stratum of Triodia bitextura with Chrysopogon fallax. Sparse mid stratum of isolated Dodonaea oxyptera and Acacia thomsonii. Triodia bitextura in dense NTAGFU0012 patches throughout the site. Melaleuca stenostachya tall open shrubland with Acacia phlebocarpa and a diverse tussock and hummock grass understratum dominated by Chrysopogon fallax. Some emergent Eucalyptus Leucophloia and Eucalyptus NTAGFU0013 pruinosa. Eucalyptus microtheca low woodland with a mid-stratum of scattered Melaleuca viridiflora. Sparse ground stratum dominated by Fimbristylis dichotoma, Enteropogon minutus and Triodia pungens. Some recruitment in NTAGFU0014 Eucalyptus microtheca. Eucalyptus pruinosa mid mallee woodland with a mid stratum dominated by Acacia phlebocarpa and Melaleuca NTAGFU0015 stenostachya and other scattered shrubs and a dense ground stratum dominated by Triodia pungens.

12 Appendix 6. Soil Classification

Colour ph Lower Plot name Upper depth Horizon Texture when effervescence depth moist

NTAGFU0011 0 0.03 A1 Loamy sand 7.5YR32 5.8 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0011 0.03 0.25 B2 Sandy loam 5YR44 6.1 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0011 0.25 0.45 B/C Sandy loam 5YR44 6.2 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0011 0.45 0.65 C Not Collected Not Collected

NTAGFU0012 0 0.03 A1 Clayey sand 7.5YR33 5.6 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0012 0.03 0.25 A3 Sandy loam 7.5YR44 6.7 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0012 0.25 0.3 B1 Sandy clay loam 7.5YR54 6.7 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0012 0.3 0.45 B2 Clay loam sandy 7.5YR58 6.6 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0013 0 0.1 A1 Clayey sand 7.5YR32 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0013 0.1 0.3 B1 Sandy loam 7.5YR44 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0013 0.3 0.45 B2 Sandy loam 7.5YR54 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0014 0 0.03 A1 Silty clay loam 7.5YR42 6.7 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0014 0.03 0.55 B1 Light clay 7.5YR52 6.6 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0014 0.55 0.65 B21 Light clay 10YR42 7.4 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0014 0.65 0.9 B22 Light clay 10YR63 7.3 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0014 0.9 1.2 2B Sandy clay loam 10YR64 6.5 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0015 0 0.15 A1 Sandy clay loam 5YR43 6.5 Non-calcareous

NTAGFU0015 0.15 0.35 B2 Sandy clay loam 7.5YR56 6.7 Non-calcareous

Appendix 7. Bulk density

Plot name Sample depth Fine earth weight Fine earth bulk density

NTAGFU0011 0.00 - 0.10 384.7 1.84

NTAGFU0011 0.00 - 0.20 382.37 1.83

NTAGFU0011 0.20 - 0.30 373.99 1.79

NTAGFU0012 0.00 - 0.10 397.93 1.9

NTAGFU0012 0.00 - 0.20 372.55 1.78

NTAGFU0013 0.00 - 0.10 380.91 1.82

NTAGFU0013 0.00 - 0.20 377.24 1.8

NTAGFU0013 0.20 - 0.30 391.57 1.87

NTAGFU0014 0.00 - 0.10 426.92 2.04

NTAGFU0014 0.00 - 0.20 403.99 1.93

NTAGFU0015 0.00 - 0.10 415.28 1.98

NTAGFU0015 0.00 - 0.20 387.92 1.85

13 Appendix 8. Plant collection *Denotes introduced species

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0011 Abutilon leucopetalum Desert Chinese Lantern

NTAGFU0011 Acacia adoxa Grey whorled wattle

NTAGFU0011 Acacia ancistrocarpa Fish-hook Wattle

NTAGFU0011 Acacia phlebocarpa Table-top Wattle

NTAGFU0011 Acacia wickhamii Wickham's Wattle

NTAGFU0011 Alectryon oleifolius Bullock Bush

NTAGFU0011 Aristida holathera Erect Kerosene Grass

NTAGFU0011 Aristida perniciosa

NTAGFU0011 Aristida pruinosa Gulf Feathertop Wiregrass

NTAGFU0011 Atalaya hemiglauca Cattle Bush

NTAGFU0011 Bauhinia cunninghamii Native Bauhinia

NTAGFU0011 Blumea saxatilis

NTAGFU0011 Boerhavia coccinea Tarvine

NTAGFU0011 Bonamia media

NTAGFU0011 Capparis lasiantha Bush Caper

NTAGFU0011 Carissa spinarum

NTAGFU0011 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass

NTAGFU0011 Corchorus sidoides

NTAGFU0011 Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta

NTAGFU0011 Cymbopogon bombycinus Citronella grass

NTAGFU0011 Dichanthium annulatum Sheda Grass

NTAGFU0011 Dichanthium fecundum Curly Bluegrass

NTAGFU0011 Digitaria brownii Cotton Grass

NTAGFU0011 Dodonaea physocarpa

NTAGFU0011 Dolichandrone heterophylla Lemon Wood

NTAGFU0011 Enneapogon avenaceus Bottle Washers

NTAGFU0011 Enneapogon clelandii

NTAGFU0011 Eriachne ciliata Slender Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0011 Eriachne melicacea

NTAGFU0011 Eriachne obtusa Northern Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0011 Eucalyptus leucophloia Migum

NTAGFU0011 Eucalyptus pruinosa Kullingal

NTAGFU0011 Euphorbia sp. Beddome Range (D.E.Albrecht 5656)

NTAGFU0011 Evolvulus alsinoides Tropical Speedwell

NTAGFU0011 Flueggea virosa Anbamar

NTAGFU0011 Glycine canescens Silky Glycine

NTAGFU0011 Grevillea parallela Beefwood

NTAGFU0011 Grevillea striata Beef Oak

NTAGFU0011 Grewia retusifolia Dogs Nuts

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0011 Hakea arborescens Arrarruwurra

NTAGFU0011 Heliotropium parviantrum

NTAGFU0011 Heliotropium ventricosum

NTAGFU0011 Heteropogon contortus Black Speargrass

NTAGFU0011 Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys

NTAGFU0011 Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade Flower

NTAGFU0011 Indigofera linifolia

NTAGFU0011 Indigofera linnaei Birdsville Indigo

NTAGFU0011 Indigofera trita

NTAGFU0011 Jacquemontia browniana

NTAGFU0011 Marsdenia viridiflora Native Pear

NTAGFU0011 Melhania oblongifolia Velvet Hibiscus

NTAGFU0011 Murdannia graminea Grass Lily

NTAGFU0011 Oldenlandia mitrasacmoides

NTAGFU0011 Phyllanthus exilis

NTAGFU0011 Polycarpaea breviflora

NTAGFU0011 Polygala longifolia

NTAGFU0011 Polygala pterocarpa

NTAGFU0011 Pterocaulon niveum

NTAGFU0011 Pterocaulon serrulatum Apple Bush

NTAGFU0011 Pterocaulon sphacelatum Applebush

NTAGFU0011 Ptilotus fusiformis

NTAGFU0011 Rhynchosia minima Rhyncho

NTAGFU0011 Scaevola ovalifolia Bushy Fan-flower

NTAGFU0011 Schizachyrium fragile Firegrass

NTAGFU0011 Sehima nervosum Rat's Tail Grass

NTAGFU0011 Spermacoce brachystema

NTAGFU0011 *Stylosanthes hamata Caribbean Stylo

NTAGFU0011 Tephrosia leptoclada

NTAGFU0011 Terminalia canescens Pindan Walnut

NTAGFU0011 Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass

NTAGFU0011 Tinospora smilacina Snake Vine

NTAGFU0011 Triodia bitextura

NTAGFU0011 Tripogon loliiformis Five Minute Grass

NTAGFU0011 Vigna lanceolata var. filiformis

NTAGFU0011 Waltheria indica

NTAGFU0011 Zornia muriculata subsp. angustata

NTAGFU0012 Acacia galioides

NTAGFU0012 Acacia hemsleyi

NTAGFU0012 Acacia phlebocarpa Table-top Wattle

NTAGFU0012 Acacia thomsonii Thomson's wattle

NTAGFU0012 Aristida holathera Erect Kerosene Grass

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0012 Aristida inaequiglumis Feathertop Threeawn

NTAGFU0012 Aristida perniciosa

NTAGFU0012 Aristida pruinosa Gulf Feathertop Wiregrass

NTAGFU0012 Bonamia media

NTAGFU0012 Buchnera asperata

NTAGFU0012 Carissa spinarum

NTAGFU0012 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass

NTAGFU0012 Corchorus sidoides

NTAGFU0012 Cyanthillium cinereum Ironweed

NTAGFU0012 Cymbopogon bombycinus Citronella grass

NTAGFU0012 Digitaria brownii Cotton Grass

NTAGFU0012 Dodonaea oxyptera

NTAGFU0012 Dodonaea physocarpa

NTAGFU0012 Eragrostis speciosa Handsome Lovegrass

NTAGFU0012 Eriachne ciliata Slender Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0012 Eriachne melicacea

NTAGFU0012 Eriachne obtusa Northern Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0012 Eucalyptus leucophloia Migum

NTAGFU0012 Eulalia aurea Silky Browntop

NTAGFU0012 Evolvulus alsinoides Tropical Speedwell

NTAGFU0012 Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-rush

NTAGFU0012 Goodenia vilmoriniae

NTAGFU0012 Grevillea pteridifolia Darwin Silky Oak

NTAGFU0012 Hakea arborescens Arrarruwurra

NTAGFU0012 Heliotropium fasciculatum

NTAGFU0012 Heliotropium ventricosum

NTAGFU0012 Hibiscus meraukensis Merauke Hibiscus

NTAGFU0012 Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys

NTAGFU0012 Indigofera linifolia

NTAGFU0012 Marsdenia australis Doubah

NTAGFU0012 Melaleuca stenostachya

NTAGFU0012 Murdannia graminea Grass Lily

NTAGFU0012 Oldenlandia mitrasacmoides subsp. mitrasacmoides

NTAGFU0012 Panicum decompositum Australian Millet

NTAGFU0012 Petalostigma banksii

NTAGFU0012 Polycarpaea breviflora

NTAGFU0012 Polygala longifolia

NTAGFU0012 Polymeria ambigua

NTAGFU0012 Pterocaulon serrulatum Apple Bush

NTAGFU0012 Ptilotus fusiformis

NTAGFU0012 Schizachyrium fragile Firegrass

NTAGFU0012 *Stylosanthes hamata Caribbean Stylo

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0012 Tephrosia leptoclada

NTAGFU0012 Terminalia canescens Pindan Walnut

NTAGFU0012 Triodia bitextura

NTAGFU0012 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex

NTAGFU0012 Tripogon loliiformis Five Minute Grass

NTAGFU0012 Uraria lagopodioides

NTAGFU0012 Waltheria indica

NTAGFU0012 Zornia muriculata Zornia

NTAGFU0013 Acacia ancistrocarpa Fish-hook Wattle

NTAGFU0013 Acacia galioides

NTAGFU0013 Acacia phlebocarpa Table-top Wattle

NTAGFU0013 Acacia tenuissima Broom Wattle

NTAGFU0013 Acacia thomsonii Thomson's wattle

NTAGFU0013 Alectryon oleifolius Bullock Bush

NTAGFU0013 Alternanthera nana Hairy Joyweed

NTAGFU0013 Aristida perniciosa

NTAGFU0013 Aristida pruinosa Gulf Feathertop Wiregrass

NTAGFU0013 Bauhinia cunninghamii Native Bauhinia

NTAGFU0013 Bonamia media

NTAGFU0013 Bonamia pannosa

NTAGFU0013 Capparis umbonata Native Promegranate

NTAGFU0013 Carissa spinarum

NTAGFU0013 Cassytha filiformis Dodder Laurel

NTAGFU0013 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass

NTAGFU0013 Corchorus sidoides

NTAGFU0013 Crotalaria medicaginea Trefoil Rattlepod

NTAGFU0013 Cymbopogon bombycinus Citronella grass

NTAGFU0013 Cyperus conicus Cyperus Conicus

NTAGFU0013 Digitaria brownii Cotton Grass

NTAGFU0013 Diplatia grandibractea Coolibah Mistletoe

NTAGFU0013 Dodonaea physocarpa

NTAGFU0013 Dolichandrone heterophylla Lemon Wood

NTAGFU0013 Enneapogon avenaceus Bottle Washers

NTAGFU0013 Enneapogon clelandii

NTAGFU0013 Eragrostis setifolia Bristly Love-grass

NTAGFU0013 Eriachne ciliata Slender Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0013 Eriachne melicacea

NTAGFU0013 Eriachne obtusa Northern Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0013 Eucalyptus chlorophylla Greenleaf Box

NTAGFU0013 Eucalyptus leucophloia Migum

NTAGFU0013 Eucalyptus pruinosa Kullingal

NTAGFU0013 Eulalia aurea Silky Browntop

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0013 Euphorbia sp. Beddome Range (D.E.Albrecht 5656)

NTAGFU0013 Evolvulus alsinoides Tropical Speedwell

NTAGFU0013 Fabaceae sp.

NTAGFU0013 Flueggea virosa Anbamar

NTAGFU0013 Glycine canescens Silky Glycine

NTAGFU0013 Goodenia armitiana

NTAGFU0013 Gossypium australe Australian Desert Rose

NTAGFU0013 Grevillea parallela Beefwood

NTAGFU0013 Grevillea striata Beef Oak

NTAGFU0013 Heteropogon contortus Black Speargrass

NTAGFU0013 Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys

NTAGFU0013 Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade Flower

NTAGFU0013 Indigofera linnaei Birdsville Indigo

NTAGFU0013 Indigofera trita subsp. trita

NTAGFU0013 Melaleuca stenostachya

NTAGFU0013 Melhania oblongifolia Velvet Hibiscus

NTAGFU0013 Oldenlandia mitrasacmoides subsp. mitrasacmoides

NTAGFU0013 Panicum decompositum Australian Millet

NTAGFU0013 Phyllanthus exilis

NTAGFU0013 Polycarpaea breviflora

NTAGFU0013 Pterocaulon serrulatum Apple Bush

NTAGFU0013 Pterocaulon sphacelatum Applebush

NTAGFU0013 Ptilotus fusiformis

NTAGFU0013 Rhynchosia minima Rhyncho

NTAGFU0013 Scaevola ovalifolia Bushy Fan-flower

NTAGFU0013 Schizachyrium fragile Firegrass

NTAGFU0013 Sehima nervosum Rat's Tail Grass

NTAGFU0013 Setaria apiculata Pigeon grass

NTAGFU0013 Sida sp. Supplejack Station (T.S.Henshall 2345)

NTAGFU0013 Solanum carduiforme Near Threatened

NTAGFU0013 *Stylosanthes hamata Caribbean Stylo

NTAGFU0013 Tephrosia leptoclada

NTAGFU0013 Terminalia bursarina

NTAGFU0013 Terminalia canescens Pindan Walnut

NTAGFU0013 Terminalia volucris Rosewood

NTAGFU0013 Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass

NTAGFU0013 Tinospora smilacina Snake Vine

NTAGFU0013 Triodia bitextura

NTAGFU0013 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex

NTAGFU0013 Tripogon loliiformis Five Minute Grass

NTAGFU0013 Vigna lanceolata Maloga Bean

NTAGFU0013 Waltheria indica

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0013 Wrightia saligna Coolaroo.

NTAGFU0013 Zornia muriculata subsp. angustata

NTAGFU0014

NTAGFU0014 Aeschynomene indica Budda Pea

NTAGFU0014 Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed

NTAGFU0014 Aristida holathera Erect Kerosene Grass

NTAGFU0014 Aristida latifolia Feathertop Wiregrass

NTAGFU0014 Atalaya hemiglauca Cattle Bush

NTAGFU0014 Blumea diffusa

NTAGFU0014 Chloris lobata

NTAGFU0014 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass

NTAGFU0014 Cyperus bifax Downs Nut-grass

NTAGFU0014 Cyperus carinatus

NTAGFU0014 Cyperus holoschoenus

NTAGFU0014 Cyperus pulchellus

NTAGFU0014 Desmodium muelleri

NTAGFU0014 Ectrosia leporina Hare's foot grass

NTAGFU0014 Ectrosia scabrida Hare's Foot Grass

NTAGFU0014 Elytrophorus spicatus Spike Grass

NTAGFU0014 Enteropogon minutus

NTAGFU0014 Eragrostis amabilis Japanese love grass

NTAGFU0014 Eragrostis concinna

NTAGFU0014 Eragrostis cumingii Cuming's Lovegrass

NTAGFU0014 Eragrostis fallax

NTAGFU0014 Eragrostis setifolia Bristly Love-grass

NTAGFU0014 Eriachne armittii Long-awned Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0014 Eriachne obtusa Northern Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0014 Eriachne triodioides Wanderrie

NTAGFU0014 Eucalyptus microtheca Black Box

NTAGFU0014 Eulalia aurea Silky Browntop

NTAGFU0014 Euphorbia sp. Beddome Range (D.E.Albrecht 5656)

NTAGFU0014 Evolvulus alsinoides Tropical Speedwell

NTAGFU0014 Excoecaria parvifolia Gutta Percha

NTAGFU0014 Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-rush

NTAGFU0014 Fimbristylis littoralis

NTAGFU0014 Fimbristylis microcarya

NTAGFU0014 Heliotropium sp. Cherry pie

NTAGFU0014 Heliotropium tanythrix

NTAGFU0014 Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade Flower

NTAGFU0014 Hygrophila angustifolia

NTAGFU0014 Ipomoea coptica

NTAGFU0014 Iseilema membranaceum Barcoo Grass

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0014 Marsilea sp. Four-leaved water clover

NTAGFU0014 Melaleuca stenostachya

NTAGFU0014 Melaleuca viridiflora Broad Leaved Tea Tree

NTAGFU0014 Neptunia monosperma Sensitive Plant, Barnbarngarri (alawa), Warrbanji (mudburra), Kurakura (ngarinyman), Ngarmulurt (gurindji)

NTAGFU0014 Panicum decompositum Australian Millet

NTAGFU0014 Panicum mindanaense

NTAGFU0014 Phyllanthus sp. Broad tuberculate seeds (B.G.Thompson 2370)

NTAGFU0014 Phyllanthus urinaria

NTAGFU0014 Portulaca filifolia Slender Pigweed

NTAGFU0014 Portulaca oligosperma

NTAGFU0014 Schizachyrium pseudeulalia

NTAGFU0014 Sida spinosa Paddy's Lucerne

NTAGFU0014 Sporobolus australasicus Australian Dropseed

NTAGFU0014 Sporobolus caroli Fairy Grass

NTAGFU0014 Streptoglossa adscendens Desert Daisy

NTAGFU0014 *Stylosanthes hamata Caribbean Stylo

NTAGFU0014 Tephrosia leptoclada

NTAGFU0014 Terminalia bursarina

NTAGFU0014 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex

NTAGFU0014 Urochloa ramosa

NTAGFU0014 Waltheria indica

NTAGFU0015 Acacia ancistrocarpa Fish-hook Wattle

NTAGFU0015 Acacia phlebocarpa Table-top Wattle

NTAGFU0015 Acacia sp. Urandangie (L.Pedley 2025)

NTAGFU0015 Acacia tephrina Boree Near Threatened

NTAGFU0015 Acacia thomsonii Thomson's wattle

NTAGFU0015 Aristida inaequiglumis Feathertop Threeawn

NTAGFU0015 Aristida perniciosa

NTAGFU0015 Aristida pruinosa Gulf Feathertop Wiregrass

NTAGFU0015 Atalaya hemiglauca Cattle Bush

NTAGFU0015 Bauhinia cunninghamii Native Bauhinia

NTAGFU0015 Bonamia media

NTAGFU0015 Brachyachne convergens Common Native Couch

NTAGFU0015 Capparis lasiantha Bush Caper

NTAGFU0015 Carissa spinarum

NTAGFU0015 Cassytha filiformis Dodder Laurel

NTAGFU0015 Chrysopogon fallax Golden Beardgrass

NTAGFU0015 Corchorus sidoides

NTAGFU0015 Cymbopogon bombycinus Citronella grass

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0015 Digitaria brownii Cotton Grass

NTAGFU0015 Dodonaea physocarpa

NTAGFU0015 Enneapogon avenaceus Bottle Washers

NTAGFU0015 Eriachne obtusa Northern Wanderrie Grass

NTAGFU0015 Eucalyptus microtheca Black Box

NTAGFU0015 Eucalyptus pruinosa Kullingal

NTAGFU0015 Eulalia aurea Silky Browntop

NTAGFU0015 Euphorbia sp. Beddome Range (D.E.Albrecht 5656)

NTAGFU0015 Evolvulus alsinoides Tropical Speedwell

NTAGFU0015 Fimbristylis dichotoma Common Fringe-rush

NTAGFU0015 Flueggea virosa Anbamar

NTAGFU0015 Gossypium australe Australian Desert Rose

NTAGFU0015 Grevillea parallela Beefwood

NTAGFU0015 Grevillea striata Beef Oak

NTAGFU0015 Grevillea wickhamii Arajukaljukua

NTAGFU0015 Hakea arborescens Arrarruwurra

NTAGFU0015 Hybanthus enneaspermus Spade Flower

NTAGFU0015 Indigofera linifolia

NTAGFU0015 Indigofera linnaei Birdsville Indigo

NTAGFU0015 Indigofera trita subsp. trita

NTAGFU0015 Iseilema vaginiflorum Red Flinders Grass

NTAGFU0015 Marsdenia australis Doubah

NTAGFU0015 Marsdenia viridiflora Native Pear

NTAGFU0015 Maytenus cunninghamii

NTAGFU0015 Melaleuca stenostachya

NTAGFU0015 Melhania oblongifolia Velvet Hibiscus

NTAGFU0015 Neptunia dimorphantha Sensitive Plant

NTAGFU0015 Neptunia monosperma Sensitive Plant, Barnbarngarri (alawa), Warrbanji (mudburra), Kurakura (ngarinyman), Ngarmulurt (gurindji)

NTAGFU0015 Polycarpaea breviflora

NTAGFU0015 Polymeria ambigua

NTAGFU0015 Portulaca oleracea var. Undoolya (R.A.Perry 3267)

NTAGFU0015 Psydrax attenuata

NTAGFU0015 Pterocaulon serrulatum Apple Bush

NTAGFU0015 Rhynchosia minima Rhyncho

NTAGFU0015 Scaevola amblyanthera

NTAGFU0015 Schizachyrium fragile Firegrass

NTAGFU0015 Sehima nervosum Rat's Tail Grass

NTAGFU0015 Senna artemisioides subsp. oligophylla

NTAGFU0015 Solanum carduiforme Near Threatened

NTAGFU0015 Sporobolus actinocladus Fairy Grass

Plot name Herabarium determination Common Name NT Conservation Status

NTAGFU0015 Sporobolus australasicus Australian Dropseed

NTAGFU0015 *Stylosanthes hamata Caribbean Stylo

NTAGFU0015 Tinospora smilacina Snake Vine

NTAGFU0015 Triodia pungens Gummy Spinifex

NTAGFU0015 Tripogon loliiformis Five Minute Grass

NTAGFU0015 Zornia muriculata subsp. angustata