Russian J. Theriol. 5 (2): 85–92 © RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY, 2006

Notes on of the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Vietnam, Kon Tum Province)

Alexei V. Abramov, Viatcheslav V. Rozhnov & Petr N. Morozov

ABSTRACT. Two biological surveys of the highly elevated area of Mount Ngoc Linh (the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve) have revealed 12 species: Euroscaptor cf. klossi, Rhinolophus affinis, Harpiola isodon, Mus pahari, Chiropodomys gliroides, Niviventer fulvescens, Niviventer langbianis, Tamiops maritimus, Dremomys rufigenis, attenuata, and two undetermined Crocidura species. A few further species, such as Ratufa bicolor, Capricornis milneedwardsii, Muntiacus cf. , Lamprogale lasiotis and Nomascus cf. gabriellae are reported from field observations.

KEY WORDS: mammals, Ngoc Linh, Central Highlands, Vietnam.

Alexei V. Abramov [[email protected]], Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia; Viatcheslav V. Rozhnov [[email protected]] and Petr N. Morozov [[email protected]], A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. Çàìåòêè î ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ çàïîâåäíèêà Íãîê Ëèíü (Âüåòíàì, ïðîâèíöèÿ Êîíòóì)

À.Â. Àáðàìîâ, Â.Â. Ðîæíîâ, Ï.Í. Ìîðîçîâ

ÐÅÇÞÌÅ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå èññëåäîâàíèé â ãîðíîì ìàññèâå Íãîê Ëèíü íà òåððèòîðèè ïðèðîäíîãî çàïîâåäíèêà Íãîê Ëèíü áûëî äîáûòî 12 âèäîâ ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ: Euroscaptor cf. klossi, Rhinolophus affinis, Harpiola isodon, Mus pahari, Chiropodomys gliroides, Niviventer fulvescens, Niviventer langbianis, Tamiops maritimus, Dremomys rufigenis, Crocidura attenuata, è äâà ïîêà íåîïðåäåëåííûõ âèäà çåìëå- ðîåê-áåëîçóáîê ðîäà Crocidura. Íà îñíîâàíèè âèçóàëüíûõ íàáëþäåíèé óñòàíîâëåíî îáèòàíèå Ratufa bicolor, Capricornis milneedwardsii, Muntiacus cf. muntjac, Lamprogale lasiotis è Nomascus cf. gabriellae.

ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: ìëåêîïèòàþùèå, Íãîê Ëèíü, Âüåòíàì.

Introduction unique community of and plant species that is completely confined to the Ngoc Linh high Mts. Exten- The Mount Ngoc Linh (ca. 2,598 m above sea level) sive surveys of mammals by the Forest Inventory and situated at the northwestern margin of Kontum Massif Planning Institute (Hanoi) in cooperation with the is the highest point of the Truong Son (or Annamite) BirdLife International in Ngoc Linh (Kon Tum) Nature Range in central Vietnam (Fig. 1). The Ngoc Linh Reserve were conducted in 1996 and 1998. In total of Nature Reserve was established in 1986 for conserva- 52 mammal species were recorded for Ngoc Linh (Kon tion of the montane evergreen forest. This part of the Tum) Nature Reserve, of which 20 are red-listed (Le Central Highlands includes a complex mosaic of volca- Trong Trai et al., 1999). nic basalts, granites and sedimentary substrates with Two complex biodiversity surveys of the Ngoc Linh wet montane evergreen hardwood and conifer forests. (Kon Tum) Nature Reserve were carried out in 2004 Ngoc Linh is actually split up into two nature reserves: and 2004 by the Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Centre. one in Quang Nam Province and another in Kon Tum One of their aims was an inventory of small mammal Province. These two reserves cover the peak and slopes species diversity of the region at hand. of Mount Ngoc Linh and neighboring high mountain peaks. Ngoc Linh (Kon Tum) Nature Reserve covers Material and methods 41,240 ha in Dac Glei and Dac To districts, Kon Tum Province. Ngoc Linh (Quang Nam) Nature Reserve Field works were conducted from 24 March to 20 covers 18,430 ha, in Tra My district, Quang Nam Prov- April in 2004 and from 19 March to 9 April in 2006. ince. The expedition base camp was situated on western Recent biological surveys showed that this high slope of Mount Ngoc Linh (Ngoc Linh Commune, Dac altitude has also provided the conditions for evolving a Glei District of Kon Tum Province; 15°04’43'’N, 86 Alexei V. Abramov, Viatcheslav V. Rozhnov & Petr N. Morozov

Figure 1. Map of Vietnam showing the location of the Ngoc Linh (Kon Tum) Nature Reserve.

107°57’04'’E), at the elevation of 1650 m above sea in the Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Scienc- level. We surveyed different biotopes around the sum- es, Saint-Petersburg and the Zoological Museum of mit of Ngoc Linh Mt., in the radius of 2–3 km of the Moscow University (ZMMU). base camp. Different types of traps were used as follows: (1) Results Large (11×11×25 cm) cage live-traps and small (7×7×20 cm) aluminium box live-traps, each with a bait of a Based on the trapped specimens an annotated list of foam-rubber piece saturated with vegetable oil to be 12 mammal species of the Mount Ngoc Linh is present- replaced every 2–3 days; (2) Pitfall traps, i.e. plastic ed here. In addition, 5 species are reported reasoning buckets of different sizes (40 cm deep × 30 cm in from field observations (field seeing, footprints etc.). diameter, 18 × 20, and 14 × 15), buried flush with the Each reported species is provided with relevant taxo- ground surface. The bats were trapped by 10×2 m and nomic notes alongside with distributional and habitat 12x2 m nylon mist nets. data. Main forest types occurring in the study site were surveyed, with an altitudinal range of 1700–2530 m ORDER Gregory, 1910 above sea level being covered. In total of 2190 trap- Family SORICIDAE Fischer, 1817 nights in 2004 and 400 trap-nights in 2006 were con- Genus Crocidura Wagler, 1832 ducted. The pitfall traps were set up for 290 trap-nights Crocidura spp. in 2004 and 352 trap-nights in 2006. The standard external body measurements (head The of Crocidura in SE Asia remains and body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length) poorly understood (Jenkins, 1982; Heaney & Timm were taken. For bats, the forearm length was also mea- 1983; Jenkins & Smith, 1995). The Vietnamese Croci- sured. Weight was taken in grams. Except for voucher dura were reviewed by Heaney & Timm (1983), who specimens, all trapped mammals were released as far as compiled the information for the three species, C. fulig- at least 1–2 km apart from the trap-lines to eliminate inosa, C. attenuata, and C. horsfiledi indochienensis, repeated captures. The voucher specimens are retained known from the country at that time. Yet, there are Notes on mammals of the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Vietnam, Kon Tum Province) 87

Figure 2. Euroscaptor cf. klossi, female. more species of Crocidura and other to be located near domestic buffalo’ pats of dung. These pats discovered in that region (Lunde et al., 2003, 2004). represent areas with high density of earthworms and The fauna of shrews of Ngoc Linh area has not been coprophagous insects (such as dung beetles) and there- studied properly. Earlier, the single species C. fuligi- fore they were attractive for moles. During 2006 sur- nosa was observed in Mang Xang Commune (Le Trong vey, we found tunnels mining the upper ground Trai et al., 1999). During our surveys, three forms of layer and mulch in different forest habitats at the eleva- white-toothed shrews of the genus Crocidura were col- tions of 1700–2200 m above sea level. Two adult fe- lected by pitfall traps. One of them, collected at eleva- males were caught by the middle-sized pitfall traps set tions of 1600–1700 m above sea level, is supposedly under the mole tunnels in April 7, 2006 at the elevation Crocidura attenuata Milne-Edwards, 1872. Two oth- of 1800 m above sea level. External measurements ers have not yet been identified and are likely to repre- areas follows: head and body length 120–123 mm, tail sented new taxa. A large and long-tailed form resem- length 15 mm. bled C. fuliginosa was recorded at the elevations of During previous surveys, the mole (identified as 2000–2530 m above sea level, and a small being micrura) was recorded from Mang Xang Com- probably close to the indochienensis-wuchinensis spe- mune southward of Mount Ngoc Linh (Le Trong Trai et cies complex was found at various elevations ranging from 1650 to 2350 m above sea level. A revision of al., 1999). these forms is currently being prepared by Abramov, Species assignments of the Vietnamese moles and Rozhnov and Paula Jenkins from the Natural History their species limits are tentative. A taxonomic status Museum, London. of Ngoc Linh moles is questionable too. The majority of former checklists (Corbet, 1978; Lekagul & Mc- Family Fischer, 1817 Neely, 1988; Corbet & Hill, 1992) placed all the Genus Euroscaptor Miller, 1940 moles from Indochina to Talpa (or Euroscaptor) mi- Euroscaptor cf. klossi (Thomas, 1929) crura. However, according to recent research (Yoshi- Fig. 2. yuki, 1988; Hutterer, 2005), the name micrura should be assigned to the moles from the Eastern Himalayas In 2004, numerous traces of the mole activity (old and Malaysian Peninsular. The moles from Central and fresh mounds) were observed on grassy glades and Vietnam and Ngoc Linh area may belong to Euros- bushes nearby the base camp. Fresh mounds were mainly captor klossi. 88 Alexei V. Abramov, Viatcheslav V. Rozhnov & Petr N. Morozov

ORDER CHIROPTERA Blumenbach, 1779 the species from Vietnam and the first record outside Family RHINOLOPHIDAE Gray, 1825 the type locality. Genus Rhinolophus Lacépède, 1799 Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823 ORDER RODENTIA Bowdich, 1821 Family MURIDAE Illiger, 1811 This widespread Indomalayan species of the horse- Genus Mus Linnaeus, 1758 shoe bats is distributed in mountainous territories Mus pahari Thomas, 1916 throughout Northern and Central Vietnam. In Vietnam, it has been reported from Lao Cai, Lang Son, Ninh Binh This Indochinese shrew-like mouse is widespread and Lam Dong Provinces (Dang Huy Huynh et al., in Vietnam, from north-western provinces to Kon Tum 1994). This species is found in Vu Quang Nature Re- Province (Dang Huy Huynh et al., 1994; Lunde & serve (Kuznetsov et al., 2001) and on Lang Bian (Da Nguyen Truong Son, 2001). This is a rather large mouse, Lat) Plateau (Borissenko & Kruskop, 2003). It was also of which distinctive features are long-nosed shrew-like recorded from Quang Nam Province on the east slope head and spiny dorsum. of Ngoc Linh Mt. (Tordoff et al., 2000). Two specimens were caught in 2004 nearby the In evening time (March 25, 2004), a single adult base camp. Both were collected from the glade with male was caught near its shelter (a small grotto on the Albizia lucidior, near fallen trees, at the elevation of bank of artificial drain) nearby the base camp, at the 1700 m above sea level. The adult male was caught by elevation of 1700 m above sea level. live-trap baited with alive beetle larvae on April 7, and the subadult male was trapped by pitfall trap on April 10. This is the first record of the species from the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve.

Genus Chiropodomys Peters, 1869 Chiropodomys gliroides (Blyth, 1856) Fig. 4. The species is widely distributed in the Indomalay- an region (Musser & Carleton, 2005). Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994) mapped its localities in Central Vietnam (Dac Lac and Kon Tum provinces), but the species has also been collected farther northward, from Ha Tinh Province (see Musser & Carleton, 2005) and in Ha Giang Province (Lunde et al., 2003). In 2004, we collected three specimens of the In- domalayan pencil-tailed tree mouse. They were caught in cage traps set up on woody lianas and tree branches Figure 3. Harpiola isodon, male (ZMMU S-180001). approximately at 2–2.5 m above the ground. Adult female was caught in the secondary forest at the eleva- tion of 1700 m above sea level. Two specimens (male Family VESPERTILIONIDAE Gray, 1821 and female, probably a couple) were caught in the pine Genus Harpiola Thomas, 1915 forest predominanted with Pinus dalatensis at the ele- Harpiola isodon Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2006 vation of 2000 m above sea level, on April 2 and 12 Fig. 3. accordingly. This is first record of the species for the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve. This new species of tube-nosed bat was recently described from Taiwan (Kuo et al., 2006). Another Genus Niviventer Marshall, 1976 species of this genus, H. grisea Peters, 1872, is known Niviventer fulvescens (Gray, 1847) only after two specimens from India (Tate, 1941; Bhat- We collected three specimens in 2004. The Indoma- tacharyya, 2002). layan niviventers were caught by cage traps set up on A subadult male of the tube-nosed bats was collect- horizontal tree branches at 1.5–2 m above the ground, ed on March 28, 2006, in the evergreen forest at the at the elevations of 1900–2000 m above sea level. This elevation of 2250 m above sea level. The bat was is first record of the species for the Ngoc Linh Nature captured by nylon mist net, which was set up for orni- Reserve. thological research. After the examination of this spec- imen in the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State Niviventer langbianis (Robinson & Kloss, 1922) University, a whole complex of the specific Harpiola features was revealed (Kruskop et al., 2006). More- A single specimen was collected in 2006. The spec- over, this specimen clearly corresponds to the descrip- imen was caught by the cage-trap set up on the tree tion of H. isodon, representing hence the first record of branch at 2 m above the ground, at the elevation of Notes on mammals of the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Vietnam, Kon Tum Province) 89

Figure 4. Chiropodomys gliroides, female.

1700 m above sea level. This is first record of the The only voucher specimen we collected was taken species for the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve. on April 1, 2006. A dead specimen was found in the local stone crash-rap (Fig. 5) set up in the scrub near a Family SCIURIDAE Fischer, 1817 small stream at the elevation of 1700 m above sea level. Genus Tamiops Allen, 1906 Tamiops maritimus (Bonhote, 1900) A single specimen (a subadult female) was collect- ed on April 12, 2004. The specimen was captured by the cage trap set on the horizontal tree branch at 3m above the ground. The trap line was set up in the primary forest predominated with Pinus dalatensis at the elevation of 2000 m above sea level. This is first record of the species for the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve.

Genus Ratufa Gray, 1867 Ratufa bicolor (Sparrman, 1778) We did not collect this species. In 2004, the black giant squirrels were often observed at the elevations of 1900–2000 m above sea level, mostly in the areas with large stands of Pinus dalatensis.

Genus Dremomys Heude, 1898 Figure 5. Local stone crash-trap. Dremomys rufigenis (Blanford, 1878) ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Owen, 1848 The red-checked squirrel is distributed throughout Family Gray, 1821 Vietnam, southward to Tay Ninh and Dong Nai prov- Genus Capricornis Ogilby, 1837 inces (Dang Huy Huynh et al., 1994; Kuznetsov, 2006). Capricornis milneedwardsii David, 1869 In Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, this species was previ- ously recorded from Mang Xang Commune (Le Trong The known from Indochina and Vietnam was Trai et al., 1999). formerly considered as Capricornis sumatraensis (Dang 90 Alexei V. Abramov, Viatcheslav V. Rozhnov & Petr N. Morozov

Huy Huynh et al., 1994; Corbet & Hill, 1992; Kuznets- viduals in the forest near the top of Ngoc Linh at 2500 ov, 2006). Recently, Grubb (2005) raised milneed- m above sea level. wardsii to the status of full species. We found evidences of the presence of this species ORDER PRIMATES Linnaeus, 1758 in the upper zone of Ngoc Linh Mt. Numerous tracks, Family HYLOBATIDAE Gray, 1871 trails, dropping and shelters of the were record- Genus Nomascus Miller, 1933 ed at the elevations 2400–2530 m above sea level, in Nomascus cf. gabriellae (Thomas, 1909) the dense thickets of Rhododendron and Vaccinium. It seems the serows are still quite abundant here despite a During 2004, we did not find any evidences for the high hunting press. presence of gibbons in the studied area. However, in April 2006, gibbon songs were heard few times in sub- Family CERVIDAE Goldfuss, 18290 area of the summit of Ngoc Linh Mt., at the elevation Genus Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815 2100–2500 m above sea level. During international Muntiacus cf. muntjak (Zimmermann, 1780) surveys conducted in April–May 1996 and March– May 1998, gibbon songs were also recorded in Ngoc Tracks and dropping belonging to were Linh Commune, SE of the Ngoc Linh (Kon Tum) Na- occasionally found in the broadleaf evergreen forest at ture Reserve (Le Trong Trai et al., 1999). No gibbons the elevations of 1900–2200 m above sea level. Mem- were recorded during the field survey conducted in the bers of the expedition observed the running muntjac adjacent Ngoc Linh (Quang Nam) Nature Reserve on some 2 km northeastern of the base camp at day time on March-June 1999 (Tordoff et al., 2000). March 27, 2004. A small size and light coloration of the The species identification of gibbons inhabiting Ngoc observed animal suggested that it would be the red Linh Mt. is provisional. Le Trong Trai et al. (1999) muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak. listed the gibbons from Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve as The identification of hunting trophies (Le Trong Hylobates gabriellae. According to Geissmann et al. Trai et al., 1999) increased the known ranges of the (2000, 2003), the Central Vietnam (from Quang Tri to recently discovered Giant muntjac, Muntiacus vuquan- Kon Tum provinces) may represent a transition zone gensis (Tuoc et al., 1994), and the Truong Son muntjac, between the southern white-cheeked gibbon, N. leucog- Muntiacus truongsonensis (Giao et al., 1997), which enys siki, and the yellow-cheeked gibbon, N. gabriel- now includes the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Dac Man, lae, and possible hybrids as well. Recently, Groves Dac Plo and Mang Xang communes). We did not have (2005) separated Nomascus siki from leucogenys and any records for these rare species. gabriellae.

ORDER CARNIVORA Bowdich, 1821 Discussion Family MUSTELIDAE Fischer, 1817 Genus Lamprogale Ognev, 1928 A preliminary inventory of the mammal fauna of Lamprogale lasiotis (Temminck, 1892) Ngoc Linh (Kon Tum) Nature Reserve was conducted A taxonomic status of the yellow-throated marten by Le Trong Trai et al. (1999). In total of 52 mammal follows Rozhnov (1995a, b). Rozhnov (1995b) placed species were recorded from this area, including a num- the yellow-throated martens in the genus of it own, ber of threatened and endangered species. However, it Lamprogale, separated from Martes (see also Pocock, is necessary to note that this mammal list was mainly 1936). Based on morphological differences, Rozhnov based on interviewing forest-protection staff and local (1995a) suggested that flavigula (the north part of the authorities, as well as on field sightings. As a result, range) and lasiotis (the south part of the range) deserve small mammals were almost absent from this list. Fur- the status of full species. He proposed the rank of thermore, these surveys covered wide territories of the superspecies for the taxon and considered L. flavigula, Nature Reserve but did not go to details. Only six L. lasiotis and L. gwatkinsii as allospecies. In Vietnam, species of mammals were recorded from the area of L. flavigula is distributed in north provinces (Tonkin) Mount Ngoc Linh in that report (Le Trong Trai et al., and North Annam, whereas L. lasiotis is distributed in 1999: Appendix 2). the remaining territory of Vietnam, southward of Hai Our survey is a first attempt to inventory small Van Pass (see Dao Van Tien, 1985; Rozhnov, 1995a). mammals of Mount Ngoc Linh Most of the recorded The yellow-throated marten was recorded (as Mar- species represents new distributional findings for the tes flavigula) for the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Lo Xo Ngoc Linh (Kon Tum) Nature Reserve and also for Pass in Dac Man Commune) during the 1998 survey Vietnam. The inventory of mammals of the Ngoc Linh (Le Trong Trai et al., 1999). In 2006, the yellow- Mountains is far from complete. Beyond doubts, the list throated marten was observed few times in upper zone of mammal will be enlarged, for example, after study- of Ngoc Linh Mt. Two individuals were observed by ing the carnivores. Additional research of bats and M. Kalyakin in the primary forest at the elevation 2350 insectivores are also required. m above sea level at morning of March 29, 2006. The The fauna of summit of Mount Ngoc Linh is charac- same day Phan Luong observed a group of three indi- terized by a high level of endemism. Bird and butterfly Notes on mammals of the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Vietnam, Kon Tum Province) 91 communities of this sub-area are similar to those of Primates. Vol.8. No.3–4. P.10–12. northern and north-western Vietnam. The two newly Groves C.P. 2005. Order Primates // Wilson D.E. & Reeder described bird species, two endemic species and sever- D.M. (eds.). Mammals Species of the World. A Taxo- al endemic sub-species have been found here (see Eames nomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. Vol.1. et al., 1999a, b; Eames, 2002). A new species of frogs Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. P.111–184. was described from this area in 2005 (Orlov, 2005). Grubb P. 2005. Order Artiodactyla // Wilson D.E. & Reeder The discovery of an endemic and recently unknown to D.M. (eds.). Mammals Species of the World. A Taxo- science mammal species is still possible in this unique nomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. Vol.1. area. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. P.637–722. Heaney L.R. & Timm R.M. 1983. Systematics and distribu- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Our field studies in Vietnam tion of shrews of the genus Crocidura (Mammalia, In- were possible due to the support of the Russian-Vietnamese sectivora) in Vietnam // Proceedings of the Biological Tropical Centre and the Russian Academy of Sciences. We Society of Washington. Vol.96. 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