www.ssoar.info The family in question: immigrant and ethnic minorities in multicultural Europe Grillo, Ralph (Ed.) Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerk / collection Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Grillo, R. (Ed.). (2008). The family in question: immigrant and ethnic minorities in multicultural Europe (IMISCoe Research). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-271850 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de IMISCOE grillo ₍ed.₎ The family life of immigrants and settled ethnic minority populations is now central ReseaRch to arguments about the rights and wrongs of living in multicultural societies. As the practices believed to be characteristic of such families become the object of much media comment and frequent policy initiatives, an intense, often acrimonious debate about cultural difference has arisen. At the same time, individuals are themselves reflecting deeply on how to manage their ties in a world where migration The in Family Question is transnational, societies are increasingly pluralised and relations become more The Family in Question complex and less clear-cut. This volume explores these debates in a series of case studies on immigrant and ethnic minority families in Austria, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the UK and Australia. The Family in Question Immigrant and Ethnic Minorities shows how those concerned with public policy often unthinkingly reflect the in Multicultural Europe popular imagination and contribute to what in recent times has become a dangerous xenophobic stereotyping of immigrants and their descendants. ralph grillo (ed.) Ralph Grillo is Emeritus Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Sussex, where he was formerly Dean of the School of African and Asian Studies and Director of the Centre for Culture, Development and the Environment. He has researched migration in Africa and Europe and written extensively on multiculturalism in France, Italy and the UK. “The Family in Question insightfully explores migrant families in Europe – shedding a bright light and offering fresh perspectives on a subject at the centre of policy debates about cultural differences.” Nancy Foner, Distinguished Professor of Sociology, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York i 978 90 5356 869 9 aerda ieri pre · .ap.l A MSTERD A M U NIVERSITY P RESS The Family in Question IMISCOE (International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion) IMISCOE is a Network of Excellence uniting over 500 researchers from various institutes that specialise in migration studies across Europe. Networks of Excellence are cooperative research ventures that were created by the European Commission to help overcome the fragmentation of international studies. They amass a crucial source of knowledge and expertise to help inform European leadership today. Since its foundation in 2004, IMISCOE has advanced an integrated, multi- disciplinary and globally comparative research programme to address the themes specified in its name, short for: International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe. IMISCOE members come from all branches of the economic and social sciences, the humanities and law. The Network draws from existing studies and advances innovative lines of inquiry key to European policymaking and governance. Priority is placed on developing a theoretical design to promote new research and offer practical alternatives for sound policy. The IMISCOE-Amsterdam University Press Series was created to make the Network’s findings and results available to researchers, policymakers, the media and the public at large. High-quality manuscripts authored by IMISCOE members and cooperating partners are published in one of four distinct series. Research Reports Dissertations Textbooks The RESEARCH series presents empirical and theoretical scholarship addres- sing issues of international migration, integration and social cohesion in Europe. Authored by experts in the field, the works provide a rich reference source for researchers and other concerned parties. The REPORTS series responds to needs for knowledge within IMISCOE’s mandated fields of migration research. Compiled by leading specialists, the works disseminate succinct and timely information for European policymakers, practitioners and other stakeholders. The DISSERTATIONS series showcases select PhD monographs written by IMISCOE doctoral candidates. The works span an array of fields within studies of international migration, integration and social cohesion in Europe. The TEXTBOOKS series produces manuals, handbooks and other didactic tools developed by specialists in migration studies. The works are used within the IMISCOE training programme and for educational purposes by academic insti- tutes worldwide. IMISCOE Policy Briefs and more information on the Network can be found at www.imiscoe.org. The Family in Question Immigrant and Ethnic Minorities in Multicultural Europe edited by Ralph Grillo IMISCOE Research Cover photo: © Meghann Ormond (Agacan Kebab House, Dundee, Scotland) Cover design: Studio Jan de Boer BNO, Amsterdam Layout: The DocWorkers, Almere ISBN 978 90 5356 869 9 e-ISBN 978 90 4850 153 3 NUR 741 / 763 © Ralph Grillo / Amsterdam University Press, 2008 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright re- served above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or in- troduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the editor of the book. Table of Contents Acknowledgments 7 Preface 9 1 The Family in Dispute: Insiders and Outsiders Ralph Grillo 15 2 Inside and Outside: Contrasting Perspectives on the Dynamics of Kinship and Marriage in Contemporary South Asian Transnational Networks Roger Ballard 37 3 ‘For Women and Children!’ The Family and Immigration Politics in Scandinavia Anniken Hagelund 71 4 Defining ‘Family’ and Bringing It Together: The Ins and Outs of Family Reunification in Portugal Maria Lucinda Fonseca and Meghann Ormond 89 5 Debating Cultural Difference: Ayaan Hirsi Ali on Islam and Women Erik Snel and Femke Stock 113 6 Family Dynamics, Uses of Religion and Inter-Ethnic Relations within the Portuguese Cultural Ecology Susana Bastos and José Bastos 135 7 The Dream of Family: Muslim Migrants in Austria Anna Stepien 165 8 Who Cares? ‘External’, ‘Internal’ and ‘Mediator’ Debates about South Asian Elders’ Needs Kanwal Mand 187 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 9 Italian Families in Switzerland: Sites of Belonging or ‘Golden Cages’? Perceptions and Discourses inside and outside the Migrant Family Susanne Wessendorf 205 10 Dealing with ‘That Thing’: Female Circumcision and Sierra Leonean Refugee Girls in the UK Radha Rajkotia 225 11 Socio-Cultural Dynamics in Intermarriage in Spain: Beyond Simplistic Notions of Hybridity Dan Rodríguez-García 245 12 Debating Culture across Distance: Transnational Families and the Obligation to Care Loretta Baldassar 269 Notes on Contributors 293 Index 299 Acknowledgments The chapters included in this collection were selected from papers pre- sented to a workshop on ‘Debating Cultural Difference: The Family’, held at the University of Sussex in April 2006, funded by a generous grant from IMISCOE Cluster B6. Dr. Ruba Salih (University of Exeter) and Professor Steven Vertovec (Director, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Go¨ttingen) chaired the ses- sions. The workshop was followed by an IMISCOE-funded training ses- sion for doctoral students. During the workshop, the trainees acted as discussants and, in some cases, presented papers. I would like to thank the following for their contributions: Anna Arnone, Kristine Krause, Paulien Muller, Marianne Pedersen, Radha Rajkotia, Roberta Ricucci, Marta Rosales, Anna Stepien, Femke Stock and Susanne Wessendorf. Preface Ralph Grillo Families of immigrants and settled populations of immigrant origin have become central to arguments about the rights and wrongs of ways of living in multicultural societies in Europe and elsewhere. The cultur- al practices believed to be characteristic of such families are central to the current intense, acrimonious debate about difference and its limits. Such (often imagined) practices are frequently the object of policy in- itiatives and much media comment, and on a daily basis preoccupy so- cial service practitioners, teachers and others. At the same time, immi- grants and ethnic minorities are themselves reflecting on how to man- age their family relationships in a changing world in which migration is transnational, societies are increasingly pluralised, and relations ever more complex and less clear-cut. This politicisation of the family, as it may be called, which touches not only immigrants, occurs on many levels, and in different intercon- nected locations in Europe and across the globe. It may be