Flight Manual Contents

How to Play 1 Checklists 12 Map Screen 1 Using Checklists Running a Checklist Changing the Map View Checklist Options Region Select Types of Checklists Marketplace Playing Online Rewards 13 Aircraft Icons Awards Icons 3 Unlocks Using the Mouse 4 Playing Offline 13 Flying in Mouse Mode Controller 5 Flight Conditions 14 Joystick 6 Flight Conditions Screen 14 Weather Mouse 6 Time of Day Essential Keyboard Commands 7 Season Game Controls Conditions in Free Flight Mode 14 Aircraft Controls Conditions in Multiplayer Mode 14 Camera Views 8 Heads-Up Display (HUD) 9 The Hangar 15 The Eyepoint 10 Choosing an Aircraft Turning Off the Heads-Up Display (HUD) 10 Painting Your Aircraft Points of Interest (POI) 10 Managing Fuel Point of Interest Markers Downloading New Aircraft Point of Interest Arrows Waypoints 11 Mission 16 Skip to Waypoint Mission Screens 16 Checkpoints 11 Mission Breakdown Loading Checkpoints Pause Menu Walk Around Mode 11 Mission Failed Menu Mission Debriefing Screen

ii Job Board 18 Target Friends 25 Jobs 18 Locate Friends Online 25 Selecting your Aircraft Inviting Friends Exploring Different Areas T ext Chat 26 An Introduction to Cargo Runs Voice Chat 26 Challenges 19 Speaking with Other Players

Career 20 Options 27 Pilot Profile 20 Graphics 27 Statistics Vertical Sync Pilot Portrait Overall Graphics Settings Profile Roaming Custom Settings Compare to Other Pilots 20 Gameplay 28 Flight Control Assistance Aerocaches 21 Display Camera Finding and Acquiring Aerocaches 21 Finding Aerocaches Audio 28 Acquiring Aerocaches Game Controls 28 Difficulty Rating 22 Aircraft Controls 28 Aerocache Hunts 22 Key Terms 29 Free Flight 23 Explore the Skies 23 Select an Aircraft Customize Flight Conditions Practice Landing Earn Awards

Multiplayer 24 Quick Match 24 Host a Session 24 Selecting a Session Type Locating Other Players Stats 25

iii How to Play

Map Screen Changing the Map View The directional arrows move the map one step in any cardinal direction. You can also move the map by simply clicking on the map and dragging. The zoom bar is used to increase or decrease the magnification of the map. Click the Plus Sign (+) to zoom in and the Minus Sign (-) to zoom out. You can also rotate the mouse wheel to zoom in or out. In regions with a large number of airstrips in a small area, zoom in to reveal additional airstrips that aren’t visible on the map when fully zoomed out. In areas with an especially dense concentration of airstrips, a numbered icon appears to indicate the presence of additional airstrips nearby.

Region Select From the Map screen, you can also travel between regions to test your skills in a variety of environments. To travel to a different region, click the World icon in the upper left corner, then click the region you want to travel to. ln order to visit new regions, you must first purchase the The Map screen is your first stop on the path to exciting adventures, Experience Pack for the region from the Marketplace. challenging missions, and multiplayer fun. On the left side of the Map screen are the directional arrows, the zoom bar, and the Flight Data Server icon.

1 Marketplace Playing Online Visit the Marketplace to view a variety of additional content, including The circle located below the directional arrows on the Map screen is the new aircraft and Experience Packs featuring new locations. To view the Microsoft Flight Data Server icon. It indicates whether your computer current offers in the Marketplace, click the Marketplace icon on the main network is connected to the Microsoft Flight data server. If the icon is a menu or the Map screen. In the Marketplace you can filter between solid circle, you are connected. If the icon is a circle with a line through aircraft types and experience packs to more conveniently peruse the it, you are playing offline. available content. To purchase content, simply click the icon of the item you want to purchase, then click Purchase on the details screen to buy Aircraft Icons and download the item. If you click the Free Flight icon, an aircraft icon will appear on the map in the current location of your aircraft. Drag this icon to any location on the map, and then click Fly in the Free Flight menu to start flying from that spot. Your aircraft flies in the direction your aircraft icon is pointing. To change your heading from the Map screen, rotate the ring around your aircraft icon. If you see a gray aircraft icon on the map, it means another player has joined the game. To fly near that player, drag your aircraft icon next to the gray icon, and then click Fly in the Free Flight menu.

2 Icons The Legend gives you information about all of the airports and runways on the map. Missions are more structured adventures that teach you game play basics and help to advance your career as a pilot. The Hangar is where you find your aircraft. It is also where you download new planes, change paint schemes, and fuel up. Challenges are tasks that test your agility and skill as pilot, from making a series of precise landings to collecting rings in a maze of obstacles. The Pilot Profile offers you a snapshot of your career as a pilot and your general progress throughout the game. Aerocache hunts send you out in search of objects hidden on the ground and in the air. Multiplayer mode allows you to fly with up to 15 other people. Fly in group formations, share tips and tricks with other players, or chat with Free Flight mode gives you the freedom to friends as you explore the skies. explore the skies at your own pace. Drag your aircraft to any location and let the adventure begin. The Marketplace gives you access to the latest content for Microsoft Flight, including experience packs featuring new terrain and a Flight Conditions, such as weather, wind, and variety of aircraft to add to your livery. time of day, can make a big difference in your flight experience. Change the conditions to face a whole new set of flying challenges. World allows you to travel between regions after purchasing new experience packs. The Load Free Flight option allows you pick up right where you left off in a saved Free Flight session. The Main Menu enables you to change your graphic and gameplay settings, connect to your Games for Windows® – LIVE account, or go to the Microsoft Flight website.

3 Using the Mouse Turning The mouse is a multifunctional tool that can be used to fly your aircraft, Move the mouse left or right to bank the wings (turn your aircraft). look around the world, zoom in on objects, and manipulate the controls Make small movements with the mouse when banking. Moving too in the cockpit. abruptly in any direction may cause you to lose control of your aircraft.

Flying in Mouse Mode Climbing and Descending Move the mouse forward to climb and move the mouse back to Use the mouse to control your aircraft as you turn, climb, and descend. descend. If these default mouse controls feel reversed, you can invert The mouse also controls the throttle setting. the Y-axis so that you move the mouse back to climb and move the mouse forward to descend. To pause Mouse mode, press the Spacebar. To invert the Y-axis 1. Press Esc. 2. Click the Options button. 3. Click the Gameplay tab on the Options menu. 4. Select the Invert Mouse Pitch check box under Aircraft Controls. 5. Click the Accept button at the bottom of the screen. 6. Click Resume on the Pause menu to continue playing.

Adjusting the Throttle Setting Rotate the mouse wheel to increase or decrease the throttle settings in Mouse mode.

Tip: Before you pause Mouse mode, make sure your aircraft is flying straight and level at a high enough elevation.

When you fly in Mouse mode, a small X icon appears in the center of Alternate Controls the screen. It is controlled by the movement of the mouse, which in turn controls the aircraft. In addition to Mouse mode, Microsoft Flight supports a number of other controls, including 360 Controller for Windows, joystick, and Tip: Position the pointer in the very center of the cross hair to fly TrackIR. straight and level.

4 Controller

] Rudder left ^ Rudder right

< Return to map

> Pause _ Decrease throttle ` Increase throttle

LT RT LB RB

Y Change camera view

B Landing gear up/down L Pitch and roll (steering) A Brakes/menu navigation X Enter/exit aircraft

s Raise flaps o Lower flaps C Look around (press to recenter)

5 Joystick Mouse

Brakes Look around Trim nose up Mouse in-flight

Descend

Change camera Increase/decrease throttle Trim nose down view Turn right Descend Turn left Turn right Climb Turn left Rudder left/right

Climb

Mouse on Map Move map Click and drag Decrease throttle Position aircraft icon Right-click Zoom in/out Rotate wheel Increase throttle Mouse in Cockpit (Mouse mode paused)

Raise flaps Lower flaps Adjust cockpit control Click and drag Look around Right-click and drag Zoom in/out Rotate wheel Drop object Landing gear up/down Move eyepoint Click wheel button and drag

6 Essential Keyboard Commands

Game Controls

General Gameplay Aircraft Controls Fly with Mouse (On/Off) Spacebar Control Surfaces Pause Menu Esc Aileron: Left Left Arrow Skip to Waypoint N Aileron: Right Right Arrow Checklist (On/Off) Q Elevator: Up Down Arrow Map M Elevator: Down Up Arrow Text Chat T Rudder: Move Left A Voice Chat: All Tab Rudder: Move Right D Capture Screenshot* V Stop and Go * Screenshots are stored in C:\Users\USERNAME\Pictures\Flight Throttle: Decrease S or F2 On the Ground Throttle: Increase W or F3 Walk Forward W Throttle: Maximum F4 Walk Backward S Throttle: Minimum F1 Walk Left A Brakes: Both X Walk Right D Brake: Right C Aircraft (Enter/Exit) E Brake: Left Z Door (Open/Close) O Landing Gear (Up/Down) G Fuel F In the Cockpit Camera Views Flaps: Decrease F5 Camera: Next F7 Flaps: Increase F6 Camera: Chase View F8 Mixture: Min Shift+F1 Camera: Cockpit F9 Mixture: Decrease Shift+ F2 Camera: Flyby F10 Mixture: Increase Shift+F3 Camera: Free Look F11 Mixture: Max Shift+F4 Camera: Top-Down F12 Trim Down Shift+Up Arrow Camera: Reset Position Backspace Trim Up Shift+Down Arrow Minimum Prop RPM Ctrl+F1 Decrease Prop RPM Ctrl+F2 Increase Prop RPM Ctrl+F3 Maximum Prop RPM Ctrl+F4 7 Camera Views Free Look (F11) Free Look is a panoramic view from the outside of the aircraft. This view Real-world pilots are skilled at switching between viewpoints during a can give you perspective on the location of your aircraft relative to flight. While they mostly focus on the horizon, they must also scan the geographic features, such as the ocean or mountain ranges. You don’t cockpit instruments and look down at the world below. have to pause Mouse mode to use Free Look. Just right-click and drag to start looking around. To use Free Look, press F11. There are five different camera views, each one providing you with a different experience. Some views show your aircraft and the surrounding world in a cinematic shot, while other views can help you Top-Down View (F12) achieve greater control of your aircraft. Top-Down view shows your aircraft from above, as if a camera is filming straight down. This view can help you get a better idea of your location Chase View (F8) relative to the world around you. Rotate the mouse wheel to zoom in or out on the terrain below. To use Top-Down view, press F12. Chase view shows your aircraft from behind, as if a trailing aircraft is filming your flight. This is a great view for overall control of the aircraft, but it does not show the cockpit. Use the Heads-Up Display to view Remote Control (R) your heading, altitude, speed, and fuel level. To use Chase view, press Remote Control drops a camera when you press R, giving you a view of F8. your aircraft from wherever you started Remote Control view. Make sure you keep your aircraft in sight in order to maintain control. Flyby View (F10) Flyby view gives you the cinematic experience of watching your aircraft Tip: Deluxe model aircraft come with a Cockpit View that closely fly past a stationary camera set in the air. From this view, you can take simulates what pilots see in the real world. To activate Cockpit in-flight screenshots. To use Flyby view, press F10. View in a Deluxe aircraft, press F9.

8 Heads-Up Display (HUD) The Heads-Up Display, located at the top of the screen, is where you will find information on your speed, throttle setting, heading, altitude, and fuel level.

Speed Heading Indicator Altimeter Indicates your aircraft’s speed in Indicates which direction the aircraft is flying. Each Displays your nautical miles per hour, or knots. line on the heading indicator represents 5 degrees in aircraft’s altitude in a given direction. feet above sea level.

Wind Speed and Direction Indicates the direction of the wind and its speed in nautical miles per hour.

Throttle Setting Fuel Gauge Shows the current position of the aircraft’s throttle, which can Indicates the range from 0% (idle) to 100 % (full throttle). aircraft’s fuel level.

9 The Eyepoint Points of Interest (POI) The eyepoint is your position in the cockpit. Moving the eyepoint can Missions and multiplayer sessions feature two directional cues called the give you a better view of the horizon, taxiway, or surrounding features, Point of Interest marker and the Point of Interest arrow. much like adjusting your seat or leaning to either side would in the real world. Point of Interest Markers Adjusting your position in the cockpit is especially helpful while taxiing, There are four types of POI markers. since it can give you a better view of the bends and turns on the • Objective markers are yellow, diamond-shaped markers that help taxiway. If you can anticipate turns, you can avoid making dangerous you approximate a flight path to the mission objective. mistakes like braking too hard, turning too tightly, or driving off the taxiway. • Aerocache markers are yellow, hexagon-shaped markers that show you the location of an Aerocache. They are only visible once To move the eyepoint you fly close enough to an Aerocache to activate its marker. 1. Click the wheel button on your mouse. • Checklist markers are green markers that indicate instruments or controls related to your current checklist task. 2. Drag up, down, right, or left. • Multiplayer markers are blue markers that show you where other To reset your view, press Backspace. players are located. You can cycle through connected players using the [ and ] keys.

Turning Off the Heads-Up Display (HUD) Point of Interest Arrows If you are an advanced flier, or wish to challenge yourself, turn off POI arrows help guide you toward a POI marker. If you fly off course, the HUD and use the cockpit instruments to guide your flight. Go to the arrow stays fixed on the marker. Follow the arrow to continue on the the Options menu, select the Gameplay tab, and clear the Heads-Up path toward the mission objective. Display check box. If you change any of the settings, be sure to press the Accept button Turning Off the POI Arrow before you exit the Options menu. You cannot turn off the POI arrow during missions, but you can turn it off during Aerocache hunts or while playing in Multiplayer mode. Tip: The cockpit instruments are only visible in Cockpit view. Remember that Cockpit view is only available with Deluxe To turn off the POI arrow model aircraft. 1. Go to the Main menu. 2. Click the Options button. 3. Select the Gameplay tab on the Options menu. 4. Select the check box next to Point of Interest under Display. 5. Click the Accept button to save your changes.

10 Waypoints Walk Around Mode Some missions contain waypoints, or fixed locations along the path to Walk Around mode allows you to explore at ground level. In this mode, your final destination. Waypoints are placed on the runway and in the you can move the mouse in any direction to look around you. air, usually near a Point of Interest marker. Walking to Aircraft Skip to Waypoint Some missions require you to walk to your aircraft and board before takeoff. Press W to walk and press E to enter or exit the aircraft. You The Skip to Waypoint function activates when a new leg of your mission cannot enter or exit a moving aircraft. begins. When the Skip to Waypoint pop-up appears on your screen, you can press N to skip ahead to the next waypoint. If you want to skip tasks like taxiing to a runway, this is a great time-saving feature. Walking to Aerocaches If an Aerocache is hidden on the ground, you may need to get out of the aircraft and walk to its location. Tip: Keep an eye on the fuel tank. When you activate the Skip to Waypoint feature, your aircraft burns the amount of fuel it would have taken to fly to that waypoint normally. If your fuel Tip: To sprint in any direction, hold down Shift while pressing W, level is low, you may need to refuel as soon as you arrive at the S, A, or D. next waypoint.

Checkpoints All missions feature checkpoints. Checkpoints pop up when you complete a segment of a mission, marking your progress.

In early missions, checkpoints appear after you accomplish simple tasks, such as taxiing or taking off. As you progress, checkpoints appear before challenging tasks, such as landing or performing a tight turn. If you are unable to complete the task successfully or crash your aircraft, you can load the last checkpoint instead of restarting the entire mission.

Loading Checkpoints The Load Checkpoint button appears on the Pause menu and the Mission Fail screen. Click the Load Checkpoint button to return your aircraft to the last checkpoint you reached in the mission. Checkpoints cannot be saved. If you exit the mission, all checkpoints are cleared.

11 Checklists Try any of the following procedures to get a better view of the cockpit: • Press F9 to switch to Cockpit view. Pilots often review checklists before performing routine procedures to ensure that they do not miss crucial steps during each stage of a flight. • Right-click and drag the camera around. Checklists also contain information specific to each aircraft, including • Press the Spacebar to pause Mouse mode, and then rotate the approach speeds, cruise speeds, and throttle settings. mouse wheel to zoom in or out on the instrument panel. • Click the wheel button on your mouse, and drag the eyepoint in any direction.

Manipulating the Cockpit Controls Many of the cockpit controls in an aircraft look similar. Checklists are designed to reduce the confusion this can create. A control will light up when a checklist procedure requires a setting change. Follow the green arrow to locate the control, and then click to make the adjustment. When you move one of the cockpit controls, it often affects another instrument. An arrow and checklist POI appear any time this happens. The arrow points to the control you need to move, and the POI indicates the additional instrument you need to monitor. Right-click and drag as you make your way down the checklist. To verify the settings of some instruments, you may need to pause Mouse mode and zoom in to see smaller numbers. When you perform Tip: Checklists are only available in Deluxe model aircraft. a checklist on the runway, you do not need to pause Mouse mode. You can simply move the controls by dragging them in the appropriate direction. Using Checklists When you perform a checklist in the air, it’s a good idea to pause Mouse Open checklists by pressing Q. Checklist procedures are called out in mode before you move any controls. You can perform a checklist the order of operation. Each procedure is associated with a cockpit without pausing Mouse mode, but remember that any movement you instrument or control that will stay lit until the task is completed. make with the mouse will also affect the movement of the aircraft. There are three keys to success when using a checklist: changing the Moving controls with the mouse while using an alternate controller such camera view, manipulating the controls, and monitoring the cockpit as a joystick has no effect on your aircraft’s movement. instruments. Monitoring the Cockpit Instruments Changing the Camera View Pilots must scan the instrument panel quickly and then return their Before you complete any of the checklist tasks, you must be able to focus to the horizon. Checklists can help you hone this skill while flying. see the cockpit instruments and controls. You will need to adjust the view in most aircraft to see controls located below or to the side of the instrument panel. 12 Running a Checklist Rewards Checklists can be performed at any time when you are in an aircraft. In Microsoft Flight, you earn awards and unlocks for honing your skills and logging flight hours. To run a checklist 1. Press Q. Awards 2. Press 1 for Normal Procedures, or press 2 for Abnormal Procedures. You earn Awards for accomplishing flight milestones, such as completing 3. Press the number key corresponding to the appropriate checklist. your first mission, landing at a certain number of airports, and transporting passengers. Unconventional gameplay can also earn you 4. Perform the tasks, or press 1 to automate the checklist. awards, so don’t be afraid to get creative and have some fun in the air. Checklist Options Unlocks The bottom of a checklist features a series of numbered options. These options allow you to choose how you want to perform each of the Unlocks, such as new paint schemes, are awarded when you complete checklist items. The options are as follows: tasks, such as earning certain amounts of Experience Points (XP) for jobs, completing landing challenges, or acquiring specific Aerocaches. • Automate Checklist—Automatically perform all checklist items. • Abort Checklist—Remove the checklist menu. Playing Offline • Next Item— Skip current item and move to the next item on the checklist. This option does not automate the current task. You do not need an Internet connection to play Microsoft Flight. However, to access the Boeing Stearman and associated missions and • Do It—Automatically perform the highlighted checklist item. challenges, you must first sign in to Games for Windows - LIVE and sync Types of Checklists your pilot profile with your Games for Windows - LIVE account. There are two types of checklists. Normal Procedures checklists walk If you play offline, your game progress is saved and your Pilot Profile will you through everyday tasks, such as taking off, maintaining cruise synchronize the next time you sign in with your Games for Windows – speeds, and landing. Abnormal Procedures checklists guide you through LIVE profile and password. a variety of in-flight emergencies. The following features are NOT available when you play offline: • Aerocache hunt • Message of the Day • Downloadable content • Text chat • Voice chat • Games for Windows – LIVE functionality • Multiplayer mode • Marketplace • Profile updates 13 Flight Conditions

Enhance your experience while flying jobs and during Free Flight Season sessions by changing atmospheric conditions. Certain missions aren’t available in all Flight Conditions. If a mission is unavailable, try changing The season options are set to mimic real-world conditions in the area the conditions. A dialogue box on the Map screen contains a listing of where you are flying. Changing the season usually affects the amount of the currently selected conditions. daylight available. It may also affect certain climate factors.

Flight Conditions Screen Conditions in Free Flight Mode In Free Flight mode, you can return to the Map screen at any time to Changing conditions like the weather, time, or date can transform a change the Flight Conditions. Just select the conditions you want and routine mission into challenging adventure. To get started, go to the click the Free Flight option. Map screen and click Flight Conditions in the Free Flight menu. The Flight Conditions screen does not include an Accept button. When you Conditions in Multiplayer Mode click one of the options, those conditions are set automatically. In Multiplayer mode, the host sets the Flight Conditions. All active Weather players in the session fly in the same conditions. Click any of the weather options on the Flight Conditions screen to view a brief description of the associated conditions. Tip: You cannot change Flight Conditions during a mission. If you want to change conditions, you must exit the mission, Changing the weather can dramatically affect visibility and aircraft change the conditions, and restart the mission. control. In conditions with heavy rain or clouds, it is more difficult to see, forcing you to rely on cockpit instruments. In high-wind conditions, the aircraft is more difficult to control.

Time of Day Use the drop-down menus on the Flight Conditions screen to set your flight time, or select one of the four general time-of-day buttons: Dawn, Day, Dusk, or Night.

Tip: You may be able to earn additional Experience Points (XP) for flying missions at night.

14 The Hangar

The Hangar is a multipurpose facility where you can swap and repaint Painting Your Aircraft aircraft, fuel up, or download new planes. You can customize certain aircraft with a brand-new coat of paint. Choose an aircraft, and then click the Paint Schemes icon in the upper- right corner of the screen. To save your changes, remember to click the Select Aircraft button before you leave the Hangar.

Managing Fuel Before heading out on a mission or exploring the world in Free Flight, you can refuel in the Hangar. Click the Fuel icon in the upper-right corner of the screen, and then drag to the right to add fuel. If you want to lighten your fuel load, drag left. Adding fuel increases both the range (distance you can fly) and total weight of the aircraft. Dumping fuel reduces the range, but allows you to carry more cargo. However, you won’t know how much fuel to take on board until you actually pick up the cargo for a mission, so plan accordingly.

Downloading New Aircraft To find out more about any new aircraft available in the Hangar, you can download a free preview. If you then decide you want to purchase the Choosing an Aircraft aircraft, click the Learn More button to view additional details about the aircraft, then click Purchase. When you enter the Hangar, your currently selected aircraft is displayed. If you want to switch to a different aircraft, click one of the aircraft Remember to note the type of aircraft you’re purchasing before you images displayed at the bottom of the screen. buy. Basic model aircraft don’t feature cockpit interactivity or checklists, while Deluxe models include both. Use the Details option in the upper-right corner of the screen to review and compare your available aircraft. You must be online to download new aircraft from Games for Windows – LIVE. Check the connection on the Microsoft Flight Data Server icon.

15 Mission Basics

Missions are fun and challenging tasks that are also designed to teach Pause Menu you the basics of flying. Press Esc at any time during a mission to pause the game. From the Pause menu, you can select options to help you complete the mission, Mission Screens change your settings, exit the mission, or quit the game.

There are four different screens you can encounter during a mission: the Resume mission breakdown, the Pause menu, the Mission Failed menu, and the Return to the mission. Mission Debriefing screen. Options Mission Breakdown Change the Gameplay, Graphics, or Audio settings. Before you begin a mission, you can click any of the items from the Mission list to view a breakdown of the mission details. Load Free Flight Exit the mission and resume any saved Free Flight session. Airport Name The airport name indicates where the mission begins. To learn more Restart Mission information about an airport, go to the Map screen, move the pointer Restart the mission from the beginning. over an Airport icon, and then click the icon to display more details. Load Checkpoint Aircraft Category Restart the mission from the last successfully reached checkpoint. Each aircraft type performs uniquely, making it more or less suitable for a given mission. Some aircraft are designed for water landings, while Exit Mission others are known for their agility. The most common types of aircraft Return to the Map screen. available in Microsoft Flight are the Piston, Trainer, Fixed Wing, and STOL (Short Takeoff or Landing). Learn more information about each aircraft in the Hangar. Quit Game End your Microsoft Flight session. Estimated Time The estimated time represents an average completion time for each mission. Estimates are based on use of the Skip to Waypoint feature.

Tip: If you see a timer to the right of the Heading indicator, you’re flying a timed mission. You receive additional Experience Points (XP) for completing the mission quickly.

16 Mission Failed Menu Mission Debriefing Screen If you crash during a mission, or simply fail the mission objective, the Once you complete a mission, a breakdown of your accomplishments Mission Failed menu appears with several options. for that mission appears on the Mission Debriefing screen.

Exit Mission Experience Point Breakdown Return to the Map screen. Experience Points you earn for completing the mission appear in the center of the screen. Compare the points you earned in each category Restart Mission to the total points available. If you would like to try for more points, you Restart the mission from the beginning. can fly the mission again later. However, to earn any Experience Points for flying a repeat mission, you must earn more points than on the Load Checkpoint previous attempt. Return to the mission from the last checkpoint you successfully reached Accept before failing the mission. Return to the Map screen.

Play Again Restart the mission from the beginning and give up any XP or awards you earned during the previous attempt. You will not have the option of loading the last checkpoint.

17 Job Board

If you are ready to pick up some professional work, click the Free Flight An Introduction to Cargo Runs icon to display Airport icons on the map. Click one of them, and then Avoid overloading the aircraft during cargo runs. You should make sure click the Job Board button on the information panel. you have enough fuel to fly the total distance, but that the total weight of the cargo and fuel does not exceed the maximum payload capacity Jobs of the aircraft.

The Job Board lists a variety of different missions available at a To prepare for a cargo run particular airport. There are various factors that determine which missions you can fly, including the type of aircraft you own, the size of 1. Click a cargo mission on the Job Board and review the details. the airport, and the current Flight Conditions. 2. Make a note of the total weight of the cargo and the distance of the mission. Selecting your Aircraft 3. Click the Select Mission button. After selecting a mission from the Job Board, you must choose an 4. Select an aircraft from the Hangar. aircraft from the Hangar. 5. Review available aircraft details or download a new aircraft. You may need to download a new aircraft to complete certain missions. 6. If necessary, click the Fuel icon and adjust the fuel level. For example, if you want to transport cargo, you would need to select 7. When you’re ready, press the Start Mission button. an aircraft with an appropriate maximum payload capacity. Note: “$100 hamburger” is pilot slang for a short trip to a Exploring Different Areas nearby airport for bite to eat. It is essentially an excuse for a If you download additional areas of the map, more opportunities quick flight, but some say the term originates from the cost of open up on the Job Board. Rotate the wheel to zoom out and look for renting an aircraft, fueling up, and flying there and back. the Downloadable Content (DLC) icon. Click the icon to preview and purchase new content.

18 Challenges Challenges test your agility and proficiency as a pilot and refine your abilities in the cockpit. There are three types of challenges to choose from: landing challenges, challenge courses, and Gold Rush.

Landing Challenges In a variety of increasingly difficult challenges, you can prove your ability to land an aircraft smoothly in less-than-ideal conditions.

Challenge Courses Put your agility skills to the test as you navigate twisting paths. Perform aerobatics using a joystick or game pad to earn additional Experience Points while flying challenge courses.

Gold Rush Fly over, around, and through scenic vistas in an attempt to collect as many rings as you can before the timer runs out. Fly Gold Rush challenges repeatedly to beat your own high score.

To access challenges 1. Click the Activities icon on the Map screen. 2. Click Challenges. 3. Select a challenge. 4. Click Select Mission.

19 Career

Your career begins with your first flight. Every time you fly a mission, Profile Roaming complete a job, or fly in a Free Flight session, you become a better pilot. Your Pilot Profile is stored on the Microsoft Flight data server. However, mission progress and challenge completions do not sync across Pilot Profile computers. Visit your Pilot Profile to view your career stats. Compare to Other Pilots Statistics You can compare your progress to the progress of other players by As soon as you begin flying, your progress is logged. A record is kept selecting the Multiplayer icon from the Map screen or by visiting the of information including how many times you have landed, how many Microsoft Flight website. flight hours you have logged, what kind of aircraft you like to fly, and In Multiplayer mode, you can click a player’s name to view their the total distance you have flown. statistics or view their aircraft in flight. Use this feature to locate a pilot with a similar style or a more advanced pilot who may show you some To view your flight statistics tricks of the trade. 1. Click the Pilot Profile icon on the Map screen. Visit the Microsoft Flight website to compare statistics with your friends. 2. Click the Career tab. Log on to the website and select My Flight from the top menu, and then 3. Review Flight Statistics and Experience Points data. select Friends. Compare statistics by dragging the icons of your friends into the columns on the right side of the page. Pilot Portrait From the Career tab, you can select a pilot portrait to represent you in the game.

Tip: If you want to see how your selected portrait looks while piloting your aircraft, switch to Flyby view the next time you are up in the air.

20 Aerocaches

While you are out flying, keep your eyes peeled for hidden objects Finding Aerocaches called Aerocaches. Aerocaches are represented by a spinning triangular In an Aerocache hunt, you are given a hint about the general location of icon. the Aerocache. An Internet search term is also provided, allowing you to do more research. Use the hint in conjunction with the Internet search to identify a more exact location for the Aerocache. To view a list of Aerocaches, click Activities on the Map screen, then click Aerocache Hunt. You can then filter available Aerocaches based on the region in which they’re located.

Acquiring Aerocaches When you fly in the vicinity of an Aerocache, the Aerocache icon lights up, and a yellow Point of Interest arrow appears on the screen. Follow the POI arrow to locate the Aerocache. Once you locate the Aerocache, fly near it to acquire it.

Tip: If an Aerocache is placed on an object, do not fly directly Aerocaches are updated in the game by the Microsoft Flight data server, into the object. You will crash. which means you must be playing online in order to see them. When you successfully acquire an Aerocache, a pop-up notification appears on the screen. After an Aerocache has been acquired, it no Finding and Acquiring Aerocaches longer appears in the game. You earn Experience Points for tracking down and acquiring Aerocaches. The total XP value of an Aerocache depends on various Tip: Some Aerocaches are hidden at high altitudes. If you are factors, including the surrounding terrain and how close you must fly to having trouble acquiring an Aerocache, make sure you are flying acquire it. the correct type of aircraft to reach the necessary altitude. There are a couple of ways to find Aerocaches in the game: You can happen upon them while flying, or you can actively search for them in Aerocache hunts.

21 Difficulty Rating Aerocaches are ranked in difficulty from 1 (least difficult) to 5 (most difficult). This rating system is based on several factors, including the Aerocache’s location and surrounding terrain. Difficulty is also based on the hint and search term provided. Some clues point you directly to the location of the Aerocache, while others are more vague. The final difficulty factor is how close you must fly to the Aerocache in order to acquire it.

Aerocache Hunts If you want to search for Aerocaches, click Aerocache Hunt in the Activities section of the Map screen. Click any of the Aerocaches in the list for more details.

To perform an Aerocache hunt 1. Click Activities, and then click Aerocache Hunt. 2. Select an Aerocache. 3. Read the hint. 4. Click the Begin Search button and review the search results. 5. Click the Start Hunt button. 6. When you’re ready, click the Take Off button to start flying. When you start a hunt, an Aerocache sensor appears in the upper-right corner of the screen. As you get closer to the Aerocache, the signal strengthens and the sensor fills with yellow.

Tip: If you want to get closer to an Aerocache without flying, press Esc to display the Pause menu, and then press Map. Drag your aircraft icon in the direction of the Aerocache, and then click Fly in the Free Flight menu. If you have gotten closer to the Aerocache, the inner rings of the sensor should be highlighted in yellow.

22 Free Flight

Free Flight mode allows you to shape your own adventure. Use this Earn Awards mode to explore the world, fly a variety of different aircraft, and test out Logging hours in Free Flight mode can earn you awards. To learn more your skills. about available awards, press the Pilot Profile icon on the Map screen, and then click the Awards tab. Select Free Flight from the Type drop- Explore the Skies down menu, and then scroll down to view all of the awards you can earn in Free Flight mode. Drag your aircraft icon to any area on the map and click Fly in the Free Flight menu to begin exploring. Click the ring surrounding your aircraft You can earn awards for hunting down Aerocaches and for to rotate it in any direction. accomplishing flight milestones like landing at 100 airports or accumulating 40 hours of total flight time. You can also click an Airport icon and choose to start from either in the air or on the ground. Tip: Did you know there is an award for landing at 100 airports in Alaska? Select an Aircraft Customize your Free Flight session by selecting an aircraft from the Hangar. Click the Hangar icon from the Map screen, review your aircraft options, and then click the Select Aircraft button. Before you exit the Hangar, be sure to check the fuel level of your aircraft and refuel if necessary.

Customize Flight Conditions If you want to things up, change the Flight Conditions before you head out on your next Free Flight adventure. Press Flight Conditions in the Free Flight section, make your desired changes, and then select a location on the map to start your adventure.

Practice Landing Landing is one of the most difficult skills for any pilot to master. Use Free Flight mode to practice landing.

Tip: Practice landing at night. This will help you learn how to rely on instruments and runway lights.

23 Multiplayer

If you want to fly with other players, take off in Multiplayer mode! Use Quick Match Multiplayer mode to show off your aerobatic skills or demonstrate cool maneuvers. Gather a group and fly in formations, or invite a friend to Use the Quickmatch button to be matched up with any other players go exploring. also currently looking for a match or hosting a public session.

To get started, click the triple aircraft Multiplayer icon on the Map screen. Host a Session Use the Invite Friend button to locate other players, establish a session, and send game invites. During multiplayer sessions, an arrow appears next to the name of the host. The session host controls the following features: • Session type • Flight conditions • Kicking players from the session • Game invites

Tip: You must be signed in to Games for Windows – LIVE in order to host or join a multiplayer session. Check your connection status by hovering your pointer over the Microsoft Flight Data Server icon on the Map screen.

24 Selecting a Session Type Player Statistics Panel From the Multiplayer panel, click the Settings button, and then select a Click a player’s name from the Multiplayer panel to review that player’s Session Type from the drop-down menu. flight statistics. Use this information to compare your own flight There are three different types of sessions: experience. • Public sessions are open to all players, and anyone can invite There are three basic types of information available about other pilots: players to join. • Quick Statistics—A quick tally of a player’s Experience Points, • Friends Only sessions allow friends to join uninvited. Anyone else awards and achievements earned, and Aerocaches acquired. may join by invite only. • LIVE Profile—Find out more about a player’s progress in Microsoft • Private sessions are limited to only those players who are invited Flight and other Games for Windows – LIVE titles. by the host. • Aircraft Information—Locate a player’s aircraft on the map or view the aircraft in the game. Locating Other Players From the Multiplayer panel, select any of the players listed in your Target Aircraft session to view details on them, including the region they’re flying in and their type of craft. To fly with other players in a multiplayer session, Click the Target Player checkbox to enable a blue Point of Interest arrow you must all be in the same region. when in flight. The arrow will point to the the location of that player’s aircraft any time you fly missions or enter Free Flight mode, making To join other players in your session, simply click a player’s name to it easier to track and cooperate with other players on the map. Cycle view their details, then click View On Map. You can also click World through connected players in the multiplayer session by using the [ and from the Map screen, then click the name of the region other players ] keys. are in to instantly travel there. To start flying once you’ve traveled to a region with other players, drag Locate Friends Online your aircraft near another player’s aircraft, then select Fly from the Free Flight menu. Select LIVE from the Main menu, and then press the Friends button to see who is playing online.

Inviting Friends Want to see your friends fly? Once you’re connected, you can view a friend’s aircraft during a multiplayer session by clicking the player’s name, and then clicking View Aircraft.

25 To invite friends to join a multiplayer session Voice Chat 1. Click the Invite Friend button. If you have a headset with a microphone, you can talk to players in your 2. Click the To : button to see a list of players and friends online. multiplayer session. 3. Select players from the list. 4. Type a message. To set up voice chat 5. Press Enter to send the message. 1. Go to the Main menu. 2. Click the LIVE button. Tip: You can exit Multiplayer mode at any time by clicking the 3. Click the Settings button. Leave Match button. 4. Click the Voice button.

T ext Chat 5. Choose a Voice Playback Device. 6. Click the Voice Recording Device button. You can text chat with everyone in your multiplayer session or have a 7. Adjust the Recording Volume and Voice Threshold. one-on-one conversation (whisper) with another player. 8. Click Done. To chat with the group Speaking with Other Players 1. Press T on the keyboard. Once you set up voice chat, you can start a voice chat from the Games 2. Type your message. for Windows – LIVE screen or by clicking a player’s gamertag from the 3. Press Enter to send. session list.

To whisper to a friend To set up a voice chat from the LIVE menu 1. Press T on the keyboard. 1. Click the Private Chat button. 2. Type /w or /whisper. 2. Select a Game Channel. 3. Type the player’s gamertag. If an active Game Channel does not exist, or if you want to create a 4. Type your message. new Game Channel, follow these additional steps 5. Press Enter to send. 1. Select an inactive Channel. 6. Type /r or /reply and then your response. 2. Invite players. If you do not follow step 6, your reply is sent to the entire group. 3. Click Send Message. Once players accept your invite to chat, click the Game Channel to start Tip: The first time you send a whisper to a friend, enter steps 2, the conversation. 3, and 4 on the same line. The line should look like this: /whisper gamertag message. Push-to-Chat Press the Tab key when you want to speak to other players in the Game Channel. 26 Options

You can change Graphics, Gameplay, and Audio settings from the Overall Graphics Settings Options section of the Main menu. Remember to click the Accept There are three overall setting options to choose from, each designed button at the bottom of the screen to save your changes. to target a specific hardware profile to produce the best possible visual experience without compromising performance rates. Graphics Use the following hardware profiles as a jumping off point for determining which setting is right for you. Change the Graphics settings if you want to correct issues such as jagged-looking edges and low shadow quality. You can also adjust • Low—Gaming laptop or a 5-year-old desktop monitor resolution and screen size. • Medium—3-year-old desktop Vertical Sync • High—New desktop A “screen tear” occurs when the frame buffer is updated while the Custom Settings monitor is in the middle of refreshing. Turning on the Vertical Sync Use the drop-down menu for each setting to customize your visual setting may help to reduce the appearance of screen tearing by setting experience. This option gives you more control over visual elements, but the frame rate to be a fraction of the refresh rate of your monitor. it may cause a change in the overall balance between features. Tip: If you have a slower computer, do not turn on Vertical Sync. There are six basic Graphics settings: It may actually make the game render even slower frame rates. • Shadow Quality • Sharpness • Scenery Density • Scenery Quality • Texture Quality • Weather Quality Note: If the Overall Graphics setting is set to Custom, you have altered at least one of the default settings.

27 Gameplay Audio Customize the flight controls, display settings, and camera. Slide the volume control meters to adjust in-game sound effects, music, and dialog. Flight Control Assistance • Increased Stability—Makes the aircraft easier to control during Game Controls flight, with reduced tendencies to stall and spin. This sections lists keyboard commands for in-game actions such • Smooth Braking—Slows the aircraft at a safer rate to help prevent as changing camera views, pausing the game, walking, turning on accidents. checklists, moving the eyepoint, and skipping to waypoints. • Auto Mixture—Automatically adjusts the aircraft’s fuel mixture for optimal engine performance at higher altitudes. Aircraft Controls • Propeller Effects—Reduces the aerodynamic and rotation side effects of a spinning propeller. This section lists keyboard commands for aircraft-related actions such as raising the landing gear, applying rudder, increasing the throttle, leaning Display the mixture, and trimming the aircraft. Display or hide the following in-game features: • Heads-Up Display (HUD) • Dialog text • Point of Interest (POI) Note: You can hide the POI for Aerocache hunts and Multiplayer mode. However, you cannot hide the POI arrow for missions.

Camera Invert camera controls to look down when pointing up or look up when pointing down, which is the reverse of traditional aircraft controls.

28 Key Terms

Aerobatics Cruise Speed Precision maneuvers, such as barrel rolls, loops, hammerhead stalls, The average speed of an aircraft during straight-and-level flight at spins, and Cuban eights. Often performed at airshows and competitions, normal power settings. many of these maneuvers are also part of a military pilot’s training and can be used in aerial combat. In fact, many basic aerobatic maneuvers Drag evolved from air-combat tactics invented during World War I. The resistance of an object to movement through a fluid. With respect “Aerobatics” is also defined in Federal Aviation Regulation 91.303, which to aircraft, drag is one of the four fundamental forces in flight. It describes restrictions on aerobatic flight. In that section, “aerobatic opposes thrust. There are two basic types of drag. Parasite drag is flight” means “any intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in caused by friction. The airplane surface, antennas, landing gear, and an aircraft’s attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration, other appendages all cause parasite drag, which increases in proportion not necessary for normal flight.” to the square of the aircraft’s velocity. Induced drag is a byproduct of lift. At the tip of a wing, air moves from the high-pressure area below the Aerocache wing to the low-pressure area above. The energy used to create these Objects hidden on the ground and in the air. Search out their location vortices manifests itself as induced drag, which increases as airspeed to earn Experience Points (XP). drops.

Ailerons Elevator Movable control surfaces, usually located near the wing tips, that A movable control surface located on the horizontal stabilizer of an control the rolling motion of an aircraft. The pilot deflects the ailerons aircraft’s tail. Although its name implies that the elevator makes the by moving the control yoke or stick left and right. The ailerons move airplane climb or descend, it actually controls only the aircraft’s pitch simultaneously in opposite directions. For example, when the pilot attitude, that is, the angle of the nose above or below the horizon. The moves the yoke or stick left, the aileron on the left wing moves up, pilot moves the elevator by applying forward pressure on the control to decreasing the lift on the left wing. At the same time, the right aileron decrease pitch attitude and by applying back pressure to increase the moves down, increasing the lift on the right wing. The word derives pitch attitude. from the French word aile, meaning “wing.” Fixed-Wing Aircraft Ceiling An aircraft with stable wings that deflect air current to create lift. The altitude at which an aircraft’s best rate of climb drops to 100 feet Flaps per minute under standard conditions. A hinged portion of an airplane’s wing, generally on the trailing edge, Climb Out that can be lowered during takeoff and landing to increase the lift and The portion of a flight between takeoff and the initial cruising altitude. drag of the wings. When partially extended, a flap adds lift by increasing the curvature of the wing. Because flaps extend into the oncoming air, they also increase drag, helping an aircraft descend steeply without building up speed. Often confused with ailerons, flaps are not the primary control surfaces of an airplane.

29 Flare Heading To level off and establish the correct landing attitude just above the The direction in which the aircraft is pointed, usually in reference to runway prior to landing. A pilot flares by applying back pressure to the magnetic north. Because wind pushes an airplane in flight, heading control yoke or stick, which raises the nose of the aircraft. When done does not necessarily correspond to the aircraft’s path over the ground, properly, the flare is a smooth, continuous transition from a nose-low, that is, its track. For example, if you want to fly due east with espectr to descending flight path to a nose-high attitude that almost stops the the ground and the wind is blowing from the north, you must turn the aircraft’s descent. aircraft slightly into the wind to correct for drift.

Gs Instrument Landing System (ILS) A measurement of the load factor, or apparent gravity, experienced by A system of navigation aids and approach lights that provide both an aircraft during flight. One G represents the force of gravity exerted horizontal and vertical guidance to aircraft approaching a runway. on a body at rest. When an aircraft climbs, turns, or accelerates, positive The ILS is the primary precision-approach system in use today around G forces act upon it. When it descends or decelerates, negative G forces the world. A typical ILS includes a localizer and a glide slope, as well act upon it. as outer, middle, and inner marker beacons. The localizer transmits a directional signal that provides left/right guidance. The glide slope is Glide Ratio an electronic glide path that defines the proper descent angle to the Ratio of horizontal distance traveled per unit of descent. For example, runway. Marker beacons indicate distance from the runway. a sailplane with a 60:1 glide ratio travels 60 meters forward for every 1 meter it descends. A typical single-engine aircraft has a glide ratio of Knots about 10:1. Nautical miles per hour. Abbreviation: kt, kts, or KTS. One nautical mile (nm or NM) measures 6,076 feet (1,852 meters). This distance is based Glide Speed (VBG) on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle—an arc representing A V-speed indicating the optimal speed for gliding as far as possible the shortest distance between two points on a globe. One knot equals with the engine off. about 1.15 statute miles per hour. Therefore, 100 knots equals about 115 mph (185 kilometers per hour), 150 knots equals about 172 mph Glide Slope (278 kilometers per hour), and 200 knots equals about 230 mph (370 The electronic approach path projected as part of an instrument kilometers per hour). All speeds filed on flight plans and for air traffic landing system (ILS). Glide slope transmitters, located near the end of a control purposes are in knots. runway, send out radio signals to form the proper descent path to the Note “Knots” by definition assumes “per hour.” You should never state runway. The angle of the glide slope is usually set at about 3 degrees to speed as “knots per hour.” the horizontal. Low Pass GUMPS A brief, low altitude flyover. Pilots perform low passes to notify people An acronym pilots use to remember a typical pre-landing checklist. on the ground they’re circling back for a landing. Jet fighter pilots GUMPS stands for Gas, Undercarriage, Mixture, Propeller, Seat Belts, and often perform low pass flyovers during airshows to demonstrate aircraft Switches. control at extremely high speeds.

30 Manifold Pressure Gauge Paint Scheme An instrument that measures the air pressure in the intake manifold of Exterior design and color, usually applied to the body, wings, and tail of a piston engine. Usually calibrated in inches of mercury, this instrument the aircraft. (really a barometer) is used in combination with the tachometer to set engine power. Most small training aircraft have only a tachometer. Payload Aircraft with larger engines and aircraft with constant-speed propellers The total weight of passengers, fuel, and cargo an aircraft can carry. usually have manifold pressure gauges. Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) Master Switch A lighting system located beside the runway that visually guides the Along with the mixture and propeller, the master switch controls the pilot onto the glide slope. There are four units, each containing two battery and the alternator, which comprise an aircraft’s electrical power lights. Red lights indicate the aircraft is too low and white lights indicate system. the aircraft is too high. The proper glide slope is two white lights and two red lights. Mixture Control A device for controlling the ratio between fuel and air entering an Rate of Climb engine’s carburetor or fuel injection system. In most aircraft, the mixture The speed, usually measured in feet per minute, at which an aircraft control is a push-pull knob or lever marked in red, usually located to is climbing. The term is sometimes stretched to include the rate of the right of the throttle. descent. The rate of climb is read on the vertical speed indicator (VSI). Because aircraft engines operate over a wide range of altitudes, the Rotation Speed (VR) pilot must adjust the mixture to produce the most efficient fuel/air mixture as an airplane climbs into less dense air or descends into more A V-speed rating that indicates when to pull back on the controller to dense air. A mixture that is too rich contains too much fuel for the rotate the aircraft, causing it to lift off the runway during takeoff. existing conditions and causes the engine to run rough and lose power. Rudder A mixture that is too lean can cause an engine to overheat or can cause detonation—the sudden, explosive combustion of fuel within the A movable control surface usually mounted on the vertical stabilizer cylinders. of the tail. The rudder moves the aircraft about its vertical, or yaw, axis. It does not, however, turn the airplane. It is used primarily to balance Nautical Mile forces in turns and to counteract yawing motions induced by the A distance of about 6,076 feet (1,852 meters). The nautical mile is propeller during flight. A pilot moves the rudder by applying pressure based on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle. In aviation, to the left or right rudder pedal. The pedals are mounted on the floor of distances and speeds are measured in nautical miles (nm) and nautical the cockpit. In normal maneuvering, the pilot uses simultaneous aileron miles per hour (knots). and rudder pressures to maintain balanced or coordinated flight.

Nondirectional Radio Beacon Stall Speed A radio beacon that transmits nondirectional signals in the low- A V-speed rating that indicates the lowest possible airspeed needed to frequency or medium-frequency band (190–535 kHz). Today it is used maintain even flight for any given altitude. In many aircraft, the airspeed primarily for NDB nonprecision approaches and in conjunction with the indicator features a color-coded system that tells you the stall speed outer marker component of an ILS. An automatic direction finder (ADF) with the flaps retracted and with the flaps extended for landing. points to these beacons.

31 Stick Trainer Aircraft A tubular control in some aircraft, usually between the pilot’s knees, A type of aircraft used in flight instruction. Trainers are often two-seaters used to control the aircraft about its roll and pitch axis, ailerons, and with tandem controls and simplified instrument panels. elevator respectively (same function as a yoke). Velocity Speeds (V-Speeds) Taildragger A set of suggested velocity speed settings to optimize performance An aircraft that has its main wheels mounted ahead of the center under a variety of different circumstances. of gravity and a small pivoting or steerable wheel supporting the aft fuselage. There is no nosewheel, as with tricycle-gear aircraft. V1 Taildraggers were the norm during the early years of aviation and are Takeoff decision speed. The speed at which it may not be possible to sometimes referred to as conventional-gear aircraft. They are trickier stop the aircraft on the runway in case of a rejected takeoff (RTO). to handle on the ground than tricycle-gear aircraft and require special training and skill. V2 Minimum takeoff safety speed for a multi-engine aircraft. The minimum Takeoff Run safe flying speed should an engine fail immediately after takeoff. The distance from the takeoff point to where the wheels lift off the runway. Pilots often fly into the direction of the wind to reduce the Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) ground speed and distance needed to lift off the runway. A lighting system that indicates an aircraft’s position relative to the desired glide slope on a particular runway. This system uses two or three Throttle sets of lights on both sides of the runway to visually guide a pilot onto The cockpit control that most directly determines the power output of the glide slope. The pilot is on the glide slope if the first set of lights is the engine. In a piston engine, the throttle actually controls the amount white and the second red. The pilot is flying too high if both sets are of air entering the carburetor or induction system. The carburetor, or white and flying too low if both sets are red. fuel metering system, mixes the appropriate amount of fuel with the air to create a combustible mixture. When fully “open,” the throttle allows Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range (VOR) the maximum amount of air to enter the system to produce maximum A ground-based radio transmitter that sends signals in 360 radials. Some power. When the throttle is “closed,” only a small amount of air enters of these radials define airways, but pilots can track any radial to fly a the system and the engine produces minimum power. specific path over the ground.

Touch-and-Go Wingspan A landing operation where the pilot lands the aircraft on the runway The distance from one wing tip to the other. and takes off again without coming to a full stop. Ya w Trim Movement of an aircraft about its vertical axis, as when the nose turns To adjust a movable tab on a control surface, usually the elevator, to left or right. Along with roll and pitch, yaw is one of an airplane’s three relieve pressure on the flight controls. Trim is necessary because, as basic movements. The vertical stabilizer and rudder are designed to an aircraft changes speed, the amount of air flowing over the control control yaw. surfaces varies. Without trim, a pilot would have to hold forward or back pressure on the yoke or column to maintain a specific airspeed or pitch attitude. Larger aircraft also have aileron and rudder trim.

32 Yoke © 2012 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Bing, the Bing logo, Windows, Windows Live, the Windows logo, Xbox, and Xbox 360 are The steering wheel-like control connected to the ailerons and elevator. trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies. A pilot turns the yoke to move the ailerons and bank the wings. The Anti-Grain Geometry - Version 2.3 Copyright © 2002-2005 Maxim Shemanarev (McSeem). pilot moves the yoke forward and back to move the elevator, which Uses Autodesk® Scaleform® Copyright © 2012, Autodesk, Inc. lowers and raises the nose. Some airplanes have a stick or “joystick” FMOD EX Sound System Copyright © Firelight Technologies, 1994-2012. instead of a control yoke. Uses Fork Particle Tool & SDK. Copyright © 2012 Fork Particle, Inc. Incorporates GeoBase® Canadian DEM, Minister of Natural Resources Canada. Uses Granny Animation. Copyright © 1999-2012 by RAD Game Tools. Uses ™: © Copyright 1999-2012. Havok.com Inc. (or its licensors). All Rights Reserved. See www.havok.com for details. Airport and Navigation data supplied by Jeppesen. Jpeg-6b - This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. libpng - Version 1.2.18 Copyright © 2000-2002 Glenn Randers-Pehrson. Lua - Version 5.1 Copyright © 1994–2011 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. Vector data supplied in part by NAVTEQ. NVIDIA Texture Tools Copyright © 1997-2008 NVIDIA Corporation. Uses Peter Uliciansky’s Extreme DXT Compression code Portions of this software utilize SpeedTree technology. © 2012 Interactive Data Visualization, Inc. All rights reserved. Squish - Version 1.3 Copyright © 2006 Simon Brown. TinyXML - Version 2.0 Original code (2.0 and earlier) copyright © 2000-2002 Lee Thomason (www. grinninglizard.com) Uses Xceed WPF Controls Copyright © 2011 Xceed Software Inc. Zlib - Version 1.2.3, Copyright © 1995-2005 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler. The ICON Aircraft names, emblems, body designs and logos are trademarks and intellectual property of ICON Aircraft, Inc. and are used under license to Microsoft Corporation. The Maule aircraft names, emblems, body designs and logos are trademarks and intellectual property of Maule Air, Inc. and are used under license to Microsoft Corporation. The RV family of aircraft names, emblems, body designs and logos are trademarks and intellectual property of Van’s Aircraft, Inc. and are used under license to Microsoft Corporation. The Carbon Cub aircraft names, emblems, body designs and logos are trademarks and intellectual property of CubCrafters, Inc. and are used under license to Microsoft Corporation.

To see credits for people who worked on this game, go to www.microsoft.com/games/mgsgamecatalog.

X18-05986-03 33