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Circle 1 on Reply Card Circle 2 on Reply Card December 2007|January 2008 Contents Vol. 20.7 Features Renovation Revelations By Michelle Desnoyer A San Francisco remodel reveals rare discoveries. page 72
Bright Lights, New City By Michelle Desnoyer Discover what’s new—and still old—in Vegas during Matthew Millman 72 Surfaces 2008. page 81 Your Business Live and Learn By Michael Dittmer A contractor makes a major lifestyle change. page 25
Legal Brief By Phillip M. Perry Navigate a changing landscape for hiring immigrants. page 30
Money By Jim Blasingame Get on top of your financials in 2008. page 40 81 News Bureau/LVCVA Las Vegas
Management On the Cover: By Andrea Nierenberg A renovated Victorian gem in San Francisco. Build your business through smart networking. For more, see page 72. page 46 Photo by Matthew Millman,www.matthewmillman.com.
December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 5 Contents On the Job 17 Ask the Expert Answers on expansion, resanding waxed floors and climate change. In Every Issue page 51 Chairman’s Message From the Field page 8 By Don Conner These three steps help create a successful wood floor installation. NWFA News page 54 page 10 Troubleshooting Woodworks By Michael B. Harde page 17 Overzealous acclimation leads to a problem floor. page 58 Ad Index page 147 Step by Step By Steve Seabaugh Showcase Any color floor is possible with dyes. page 162 page 60
Techniques By Catherine Liewen Check this handy guide to subfloors used under wood floors. page 66 60 Product Focus Special Advertising Section: Surfaces Exhibitor Showcase Industry News page 90 Notes Products page 141 page 154 Unfinished Domestic Wood Flooring People Events page 119 page 152 page 160
6 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 When it comes to your wood floor, the last thing you want to do is bark up the wrong tree.
As pioneers in the lumber and flooring business since 1872, W•D selectively harvests from a revolving, growing stock, carefully protecting the sustainability of our more than 40,000 acres of majestic hardwoods. But it’s the long winters and short growing seasons of Wisconsin that give our floors their uniquely “northern” characteristics. Tighter grain, lasting durability. When you chose a hardwood floor, it’s sure to be appreciated for generations. But when you chose a W•D floor, you know it already has a few under its belt. Circle 3 on Reply Card
For more information about W•D products and services, call 877.674.2210, or visit www.wdflooring.com. Vote on your favorite WD ad campaign at wdflooring.com >>chairman’s message
The magazine of the National Wood Flooring Association NWFA Chairman Ken Schumacher NWFA NWFA Executive Director/CEO Edward Korczak, CAE NWFA Offices 111 Chesterfield Industrial Blvd. Chesterfield, MO 63005 U.S.: 800/422-4556 • Canada: 800/848-8824 Local and Int’l: 636/519-9663 • Fax: 636/519-9664 E-mail: [email protected] • Web Site: www.nwfa.org Editorial Advisory Committee Genia Smith, Chair (Accent Hardwood Flooring Inc.) The Show Sprigg Lynn, Board Liaison (Universal Floors Inc.) Angela Crowl (Dominic A. DiFebo & Sons) Joe Boone Jr. (Wood Floors Online.com Inc.) for You Robert Humphreys (Majestic Wood Floors Inc.) Brenda Kubasta (Oshkosh Designs) John Lessick (Apex Wood Floors Inc.) Robert McNamara (Bostik Inc.) By Ken Schumacher Charles Peterson (The International Parquetry Historical Society) Chairman, NWFA Publication Staff Kris Thimmesch Publisher s you read this column, chances are you’re preparing for the Kim M. Wahlgren holidays with your family. As you look out your window, you Editor might even see the first snowflakes of the season falling, Catherine Liewen A Managing Editor/Art Director but rest assured that warmer climates are on the horizon. That’s Michelle Desnoyer because this spring, from March 25-28, 2008, the NWFA will be in Associate Editor Fort Lauderdale, Fla., for our annual convention. Bonnie Madison This year’s show will be bigger and better than ever, and if Production Director you’re in the wood flooring business, you won’t want to miss it. Marjorie Schultz Electronic Production Manager If you’re a manufacturer, the Wood Flooring Expo is the perfect Scott Packel venue for you to showcase your products to the largest group of Sadye Ring wood flooring professionals assembled in one place at one time. Production Assistants As the largest convention anywhere dedicated exclusively to Gretchen Kelsey Brown Peter Brown wood flooring, the NWFA con- Group Publishers vention continues to attract Sharon Siewert motivated wood flooring pro- The bottom Administration Director/Accountant fessionals from all over the Kara Clark Controller world. line is ... you Denise R. Thompson If you’re a distributor, this Circulation & Database Director show is the perfect place to need to be at Colleen Wenos expand your business. Here, Circulation Assistant you’ll meet the suppliers who this show. Pam Walker Sales Coordinator will help you improve the prod- Editorial and Advertising Offices: ucts and services you offer, and the contractors who will be buying Athletic Business Publications Inc. them. You also can hone your skills by attending educational semi- 4130 Lien Road • Madison, WI 53704 nars that can help you become more efficient and more profitable. Phone: 608/249-0186 • 800/722-8764 Fax: 608/249-1153 If you’re a dealer/contractor, this show offers an opportunity to E-mail: [email protected] see all the industry’s latest products. Have you been thinking Web Site: www.nwfa.org about buying new equipment? You can try it at this show, before
CHANGE OF ADDRESS: In order to ensure uninterrupted delivery of Hardwood Floors, notice of change should be made at you make the investment. And to expand your wood flooring least five weeks in advance. Direct all subscription mail to Hardwood Floors, 4130 Lien Road, Madison, WI 53704-3602, call 800/722-8764 or fax 608/249-1153. For faster service, visit us online at www.nwfa.org/member/mag.aspx. Single copy price is knowledge, there are numerous educational seminars and demon- $8. Subscription price is $40 for seven issues in the U.S.A. and Canada. International subscriptions (via airmail) are $65. Hardwood Floors is published bi-monthly, plus the annual industry resource book, and distributed without charge to those strations throughout the four-day event. active in the wood flooring industry. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Hardwood Floors, 4130 Lien Road, Madison, WI 53704-3602. The bottom line is if you are in the business of buying, selling Publication Mail Agreement #40049791. Canadian mail distribution information: International Mail or installing wood floors, you need to be at this show. To learn Express, Station A, P.O. Box 54, Windsor, ON N9A 6J5. Printed in the U.S.A. more, visit www.nwfa.org and click on the “Convention and © 2007 Athletic Business Publications Inc. and National Wood Flooring Association. Expo” link. ■ Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. (ISSN 0897-022X) Periodicals Postage Paid at Madison, Wisconsin, and at additional mailing offices.
8 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 4 on Reply Card >>executive director/ceo message
NWFAnews and information from the nationalnews wood flooring association | www.nwfa.org
Hands-On Opportunities
By Ed Korczak, CAE Executive Director/CEO
id you know that the National Wood Flooring Association maintains one of the largest training facilities for wood flooring professionals in the world? It makes sense since the NWFA also Doffers more training opportunities for wood flooring professionals than anyone else in the world. For more than two decades, the NWFA has offered a variety of hands-on training options for everyone from those just starting out in the industry to those with many decades of experience. This past year, the NWFA completed construction on an 18,800-square-foot expansion of its training facilities at its headquarters in St. Louis. The new space is in addition to the existing 20,000-square-foot facility, which features a classroom and presentation hall, a networking lounge, staff office space and an additional 11,000-square-foot training area. The newly expanded training center features many user-friendly modifications, including a pneu- matic air system at each training panel station, as well as a state-of-the-art dust collection system throughout the facility, which provides a healthier training and teaching environment for both stu- dents and instructors. Additional restroom and shower facilities have been added, as well, to accommodate the increasing number of students and instruc- tors attending each of the schools. Throughout 2008, the NWFA will host 11 schools at its training facility, includ- With so many ing the Wood Flooring Basics School, which is sponsored by the NWFA, NOFMA: The Wood Flooring Manufacturers Association and the Maple Flooring schools offered, Manufacturers Association; the new Subfloor Preparation and Wood Flooring Installation School; the new Wood Flooring Makeover—Basic to Advanced you’re sure School; the Intermediate Installation and Sand & Finish School; the new Advanced Intermediate Installation and Sand & Finish School; the Custom to find one Design and Craftsmanship School, which was previously known as the Advanced Installation School; the Expert Installation School; the Expert Sand and Finish to fit your needs. School; and the NWFA Certified Professionals Wood Flooring Inspection School. For students who are unable to visit St. Louis to attend these schools, the NWFA also offers regional schools throughout the year at various locations throughout the country. Regional schools being offered during 2008 include the Introduction to Wood Flooring School in Long Beach, Calif.; the Intermediate Installation and Sand & Finish School in Portland, Ore.; Riverside, Calif.; Phoenix; and Minneapolis; and the Advanced Intermediate Installation and Sand & Finish School in San Francisco; Hartford, Conn.; and Atlanta. You can get more information about all the NWFA’s schools, including the spe- cific curriculum, dates, times and registration fees, on the NWFA’s Web site at www.nwfa.org. For the complete schedule, turn to page 14. With so many schools offered, you’re sure to find one to fit your needs. Check out all the options by visiting www.nwfa.org and clicking on the “Education and Schools” link, or contact the NWFA at 800/422-4556 (U.S.), 800/848-8824 (Canada) or 636/519-9663 (local and international). ■
10 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 5 on Reply Card >>nwfa certified professionals
NWFACPnews and information from the nwfa certified professionalsnews | www.nwfacp.org
Essential Inspector Event
By Don Conner President, NWFACP
his spring, the NWFA Certified Professionals (NWFACP) Inspectors Division is going to do something it has never done before. During the National Wood Flooring Association’s annual Tconvention in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., to be held March 25–28, 2008, the NWFACP will hold its first Certified Wood Flooring Inspector Symposium. This event marks a significant milestone for wood flooring inspectors, as it offers a first-ever venue for certified professionals to meet, learn from one another and exchange ideas. The symposium will be set up in much the same way as the NWFA’s education conference, offering both general sessions and educational seminars featuring topics specifically related to conducting wood flooring inspections. On Wednesday, March 26, symposium attendees will have access to a general session, three inspector seminars and a networking lunch where they will have the opportunity to meet with other certified professionals from all over the world. Following these sessions, attendees also will have access to the NWFA’s Wood Flooring Expo to see all of the industry’s latest products and services. What does the Expo have to offer certified inspectors? This event marks Many tools of the wood flooring inspector’s trade will be featured in the 600-plus exhibitor booths that will fill the trade show floor, includ- a significant ing a variety of moisture meters that can help inspectors do their jobs. On Thursday, March 27, attendees will have access to another gener- milestone for al session and two inspector seminars, followed by the Wood Flooring Expo. Friday, March 28, will offer a final general session, one inspector wood flooring seminar and a final day at the Wood Flooring Expo. The 10 scheduled inspector seminars and general sessions will provide you with the infor- inspectors. mation that you need to advance your wood flooring inspection knowl- edge and expertise. Come learn how to write efficient and effective inspection reports that are thorough, unbiased and based on industry- accepted standards. Come see how industry experts conduct investiga- tions in order to identify problems, and then work to determine their potential causes. Come hear how the reports you write impact legal proceedings and how to prepare and respond when called upon to testify in court. You will learn all this and more during the three-day symposium. For more information about the Certified Wood Flooring Inspector Symposium, contact NWFACP toll-free at 866/418-5408 (U.S.) or at 636/728-1922 (local and international). You also can access more information about NWFACP online by visiting the NWFACP Web site at www.nwfacp.org. ■
12 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 6 on Reply Card >>education and training
NWFAnews and information from the nationalnews wood flooring association | www.nwfa.org
Expertise in Progress
Meticulous sand- ing is the norm at the Expert Sand & Finish School, held Oct. 8-10 at the NWFA headquarters in St. Louis.
lite contractors from the hardwood NWFA 2008 Technical School Schedule flooring industry gathered at the ENWFA headquarters in St. Louis last January 23-25 ...... Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish ...... Portland, Ore. October for the Expert Installation School, February 12-15...... Introduction to Wood Flooring ...... Long Beach, Calif. followed immediately by the Expert Sand February 27-29...... Custom Design & Craftsmanship...... St. Louis & Finish School. In-depth instruction com- March 4-7 ...... Wood Flooring Basics ...... St. Louis bined with hands-on practice led to some March 10-13 ...... Wood Flooring Inspection ...... St. Louis long hours and amazing floors. For more April 8-11...... Advanced Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish ...... San Francisco photos from the Expert Sand & Finish April 23-25...... Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish ...... St. Louis School, turn to the Step by Step column May 6-9...... Advanced Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish...... Hartford, Conn. on using dyes on page 60 of this issue. May 21-23 ...... Subfloor Prep & Wood Flooring Installation ...... St. Louis June 18-20...... Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish ...... Riverside, Calif. August 26-29 ...... Advanced Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish...... Atlanta For more information: September 9-12...... Advanced Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish...... St. Louis NWFA September 16-19...... Wood Flooring Basics ...... St. Louis 111 Chesterfield Industrial Blvd. September 22-25...... Wood Flooring Inspection ...... St. Louis Chesterfield, MO 63005 October 7-11 ...... Expert Installations ...... St. Louis 800/422-4556 (U.S.) October 13-15 ...... Expert Sand & Finish ...... St. Louis 800/848-8824 (Canada) October 22-24 ...... Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish ...... Phoenix 636/519-9663 (local and intl.) November 5-7 ...... Wood Flooring Makeover-Basic to Advanced ...... St. Louis [email protected] November 12-14 ...... Intermediate Install. and Sand & Finish ...... Minneapolis www.nwfa.org
14 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Expert Installation >> October 3-6 in St. Louis NWFA’s Steve Seabaugh and Frank Kroupa led the volunteer instructors, including: Chuck Crispin, Birger Juell Ltd.; John Fairbanks, BonaKemi USA Inc.; Robert Humphreys, Majestic Wood Floors Inc.; Tom Peotter, Oshkosh Designs; Mark Scheller, Scheller Hardwood Floors; and Tony Robison, Washington Wood Floors Inc.
Expert Sand & Finish >> October 8-10 in St. Louis Seabaugh and Kroupa again led, this time with volunteer instructors Chris Livingston, 3M; Gene Jarka, BonaKemi USA Inc.; Wayne Lee, Clarke American Sanders; Lon Vaughn, Glitsa American; Charles Peterson, The International Parquetry Historical Society; Don Jewell, Timbermate USA Inc.; and Don Bollinger, Wood Floor Products Inc.
Intermediate Installation and Sand & Finish >> October 24-26 in Seattle Kroupa led the volunteer instructors, including: Dennis Plaut, 3M; Jason Black, Artisan Flooring LLC; Brad Betz, Basic Coatings; Frank Szubart, BonaKemi USA Inc.; Tony Summers, Centrex Hardwood LLC; Wayne Lee, Clarke American Sanders; Chase Cooper, Copacetic Wood Floors; Craig McIntosh, Dura Seal; Roger Barker, Fortifiber Building Systems Group; Julie Russell, Lon Vaughn and Mike Osborn, Glitsa American Inc.; Doug Klewin, Halal Hardwoods; Cort Dunlop, Hardwood Inspections; Michael Klinge, Loba Wakol LLC; Scott Avery, Modern Tech Floors LLC; Mike DeFriese, Norton Abrasives; Tom Peotter, Oshkosh Designs; Gary Arnold, Powernail Company Inc.; Brett Wheeler, Precision Technology LLC; Tom The intense labor proved to be worth it when the students Heese, Primatech Inc.; Joshua Crossman, PTL Hardwoods; Rick Breuer, saw the finished panels. Rick’s Custom Hardwood Floors; Johannes Boonstra, Synteko Floor Fin- ishes; Chuck Garvey, Timbermate USA Inc.; Larry Subervi, UFloor Systems Wood Floor Products Inc. Lead distributors were Kelly-Goodwin Company Inc.; Nathaniel Prior, VerMeister; Dave Stark, Virginia Abrasives Corpora- (Seattle) and Hardwood Flooring Dist.-Goodfellow Inc. (Seattle). tion; Dave Posey, Wagner Electronic Products; and Donald Bollinger, Intermediate Installation and Sand & Finish >> November 7-9 in Charlotte, N.C. Seabaugh, assisted by Technical Advisor Glen Miller, led volunteer instructors Jim Schumacher, 3M; Scott Lynch, Absolute Coatings Inc.; Richard Conway, All Wood Floor Craft; Kevin Reilly and Sharon Kay Smith, Basic Coatings; Bob Burton, BonaKemi USA Inc.; Wayne Lee, Clarke American Sanders; David Harrison, Custom Wholesale Floors Inc.; Bill Costello and Lynn Brinkman, Dura Seal; Roger Barker, Fortifiber Building Systems Group; Janet Sullivan, Lenmar Inc.; Michael Klinge, LOBA Wakol LLC; Reed Maddray, Maddray Flooring LLC; Greg Mihaich, Norton Abrasives; Mark Mukosiej and Donovan Norton, Powernail Com- pany; Wes Cronskrey, Start ’N’ Finish; Johannes Boonstra, Synteko Floor Finishes; Chuck Garvey, Timbermate USA Inc.; Mike Summers, UFloor Systems Inc.; Karl Stafflinger, Virginia Abrasives Corporation; Dave Posey, Wagner Electronic Products; Stephen Harris, Wood U Woodwork- ing; and Ricardo Pairazaman, Woods of the World LLC. The lead distribu- tor was American Products Inc. (Pineville, N.C.).
Students at the school received one-on-one instruction on faux finishing, abrasives and sharp- ening chisels and scrapers.
December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 15 Visit us at SURFACES Booth #G4229
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Contact us today. Circle 7 on Reply Card www.AacerFlooring.com WOOD ■ works insights and information on the hardwood flooring industry
10 Minutes of Fame Wood floor man appears on CNN
ctober 15 started out just like most days for Ray Ludchak, Oowner of Springdale, Pa.-based R.L. Flooring. He arrived at the job site early and was happy to find a parking spot right in front of the job in the Pittsburgh suburb. Later that morning, though, things got unusual. As he went outside to cut some doors, he heard a voice calling “worker, worker.” He couldn’t see anybody, but finally was directed by the voice to look “down here”—underneath a black SUV parked down the street. To his shock, when he bent down, he saw a person under the vehicle. She said she was stuck and asked him to lift the SUV up half an inch so she could crawl out. Floor guys lift lots of heavy things, but of course Ludchak opted to call 911 instead. Later that day he was the main interview in the news story on Pittsburgh TV station Top, Ludchak explains for the news WPXI. As it turns out, according to the news story, the woman crawled under the SUV to crew how he found the trapped spy on her husband at his girlfriend’s house. She fell asleep with a neighbor’s cat, and woman; above, Ludchak’s van and when she woke up, someone had let the air out of the tires and she was pinned. The NWFA logos got a cameo in the background. authorities later took her in for a psychiatric evaluation. Because the story was so strange, it was picked up by CNN and seen by people all over the country. “It’s one thing finding a deceased body, but this is a live body caught up in a love triangle, and a floor guy happened to be in the middle of it,” Ludchak says of his most unusual workday.
TREE■ id Steely Sanding What hardwood tree is this? New discs make sanding a snap Turn the page to find out. f you’re like most wood flooring contractors, Iyou hate getting down on your knees for laborious hand or orbital sanding. But now a product from Russellville, Ark.-based Microplane promises to reduce the time, money and environmental hazards associated with the traditional sandpaper discs used with orbital sanders. The company says that its stain- less steel sanding discs sand bare wood five times faster and last seven times longer than typical sandpaper, saving contractors a lot of pain and energy. The company also touts the new technology’s environmental benefits: contractors buy the longer-lasting steel discs rather than paper, reducing the amount of product going to landfills. The steel discs’ design vacuums up wood shavings so they don’t go airborne, and the shav- ings collected by the sander are free of abrasive particles, making them perfect for reuse as wood filler. Right now, the rust-resistant steel discs are available only in coarse, medium and fine grains, equivalent to 40, 80 and 120 grits. They can be purchased on the Internet or at hardware chain stores. For more information, visit us.microplane.com.
December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 17 WOOD ■ works
Keyed In For the wood flooring guy (or gal) who has it all
ardwood flooring guys’ passion for wood seems endless. They obsess over the latest exotic Hspecies, trade job-site war stories at the bar until closing time and surround themselves by things made out of wood. In their spare time, they pore over woodworking catalogs in search of the latest and greatest new tools. They’ve been known to show off everything from hand-scrapers with custom inlaid exotic wood handles to neckties made of wood. Now, for the wood geek who’s also a computer geek, there are wood computer accessories. Offered by Swedish company Swedx, the prod- ucts’ popularity is spurred by “the growing dissatisfaction with plastic design and the urge to return to natural materials, the craving for more exclusive and stylish items and the care for envi- ronment,” the Swedx Web site states, echoing the sentiments of many wood flooring professionals. Just in time for the holidays, these accessories could be the perfect find for the wood flooring man (or woman) who has (wood) everything. Most of the products come in a choice of beech, For the wood geek who has ash or sapele; prices range from $82 for a USB mouse or standard keyboard to $465 for a 17- everything ... inch monitor. For more information, go to www.swedx.se.
TREE■ id answer VINTAGE■ moments Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) Top Nailer
his nailing tool, Tthe Cavanaugh, was popular in the San Francisco, Philadelphia and Chicago areas after it was invented in 5 the 1940s for ⁄16- inch, square-edged, top-nailed flooring. As it rolled along Courtesy of HomerWood Hardwood Flooring Courtesy of HomerWood the floor, nails The Cavanaugh was made in Hardness as Wood Flooring: 1820 on the Janka scale would slide down both manual (41 percent harder than Northern red oak) to be driven in by (above) and At a Glance: Common in the eastern U.S. and southeast- the plunger. Today, electric ver- ern Canada, shagbark hickory trees can live to be 200 Cavanaughs are a sions (right). years old. The tree produces edible, flavorful nuts, but collector’s item in they are not borne often enough to be of use commer- the industry; some cially. Because they are so similar, the different hickory are still used by wood flooring installers doing repairs on 5 species and pecan are usually milled together by wood the old ⁄16-inch flooring or recreating the authentic look 5 flooring mills and sold as hickory/pecan. with new ⁄16-inch product.
18 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 8 on Reply Card WOOD ■ works ENVIRO ■ watch Beetle Blues
ur native forests seem to Obe under a continual onslaught from invasive species, but the mountain pine beetle is one pest that is actually home-grown (although just as unwelcome). Because of unnaturally warm winters allowing the creatures These stairs turned a deadly infes- to multiply at unprecedented tation into a design opportunity. rates, 80 percent of British Columbian pine forests are expected to be infested within the next 10 years, and the pests are literally turning the pine trees’ wood blue. A contest held as part of the Interior Design & Urban Living Expo in Vancouver challenged contestants to create prod- ucts from the wood. Abdel Munem Amin and David Yi-Jen Tseng developed modular blue stairs that utilize the blue stains as a design element. “We believe in innovative design resulting from examining daily lives with global eyes,” Tseng says. Per- haps someone will have the vision to use more of the blue
www.CartoonStock.com wood to create matching flooring.
HARDWOOD FLOORING ■ mini-quiz 1. The species amendoim is also commonly called 5. The following problem floor could result from... what? (more than one answer possible): a. the installer hitting the nailer too hard, crushing 2. Which stain will probably dry the fastest? the boards together a. A white floor b. exposure to a humid summer after being accli- b. A black floor mated and installed during a dry winter c. A dark brown floor c. a new radiant heat system being turned on for d. A light brown floor the first time ever (after the floor is installed) 3. True or False? Maintaining a wet edge is critical d. installation over a subfloor with a moisture con- tent that is too high when applying most finishes. e. all of the above 4. Dish-out can be minimized by doing which of the following? (more than one answer possible) a. hard-plating b. using a 3-disc sander c. sanding at an angle instead of directly with or across the grain d. using a thick white pad on the buffer
e. all of the above Answers: 1. Brazilian oak 2. d 3. True 4. a, b, and c 5. b, c and d and c b, 5. c and b, a, 4. True 3. d 2. oak Brazilian 1. Answers:
20 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 GENUINE TEAK
The Coastal Collection
PRESTIGE HARDWOOD FLOORING™ Serving you from our new The Industry’s Best Wide Plank Flooring leading-edge facility. DEAN HARDWOODS, INC. 9244 Industrial Boulevard, NE • Leland, North Carolina 28451 MAILING ADDRESS: P.O. Box 1595 • Wilmington, North Carolina 28402 TOLL FREE: (877) 430-0883 • (910) 763-5409 • FAX: (910) 763-3748 EMAIL: [email protected] • WEBSITE: deanwood.com Member: Architectural Woodwork Institute, International Wood Products Associa tion, National Hardwood Lumber Association, National Marine Manufacturers Associa tion, National Wood Flooring Association, and the United States Chamber of Commerce. Circle 9 on Reply Card
FA-8 The Floor Abrader
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s WWWAMERICANSANDERSCOM Clarke Leasing Options Available Because Pride Still Matters Circle 10 on Reply Card We’re committed to your business.
Tom Anstett Dave Anstett President Vice President Sales
The success and reputation of Powernail® comes from a long history of family tradition. With two generations of expertise and dedication to providing their customers with only the finest, high-quality installation tools, Powernail is committed to making your business successful. For over 50 years, Powernail has been making and consistently improving these quality tools. Tom and Dave Anstett are driven to live up to the high reputation of quality and innovation that their father and uncle worked so hard to establish.
For more information on the professional’s choice for quality flooring nailers and fasteners, call Powernail at 800.323.1653.
Register to Win a FREE “PowerKit” at www.powernail.com/kit1 (Kit includes a Model 445 Pneumatic Nailer with steel carrying case plus a PowerJack® 100 floor jack) Circle 11 on Reply Card Your Business Live and Learn Escape Plan A major lifestyle change was in order for this contractor
By Michael Dittmer
bout three years ago, I was leaving my house at in the vehicle all day and make sure nobody stole all the 4:30 a.m. every day, driving two hours to my shop, tools. My wife did all of the administrative work and Ameeting the guys and then driving another hour answered the phone while caring for our twin boys. We from the suburbs to get to the job site, usually in down- were making good money and doing high-end, high-profile town Chicago, where we’d pay $30 a day for parking, be jobs, but it was a lifestyle that didn’t leave me much time limited to working only between 10 a.m. and 3 or 4 p.m. for my family. and have to pay one of our workers $10 an hour just to sit Today, my wood flooring business is in my new home-
SHARPER IMAGE Picking the Right Message
Hardwood Floors asked its contractor and dealer readers to send in a marketing piece for a redesign, and our expert picked this one: Although Syracuse Commercial Flooring’s ad works visually to Syracuse Commercial Flooring lead the reader to the bullet points and the logo, perhaps of should follow the old adage, “If greater concern is what does it imply? Does it suggest that SCF is you’ve got it, flaunt it.” We vis- going into the forest to cut down trees for hardwood flooring? ited their Web site and found Wood flooring professionals understand that wood flooring isn’t actual shots from jobs. So why damaging to the environment, but many consumers don’t yet not show potential customers understand that. For them, it’s sort of like showing a sad cow in a what you have done? burger ad. Syracuse Commercial Floor- The bullet points are good, although ing’s Web site uses a blue perhaps we could also speak to the background. Although it might “expert in commercial flooring” not be our first choice of color issue. A major component missing for a client who sells hard- is a headline. Although I’m not sure wood flooring, the company AFTER what the logo represents, at least should stay with something that the company has one, and it seems has continuity across media. We added a project shot and a headline big and bold enough to work in the that tells the reader what kind of work SCF does. We added a bullet commercial market. Most glaring, point that addresses the “expert” factor and, most importantly, we however, is the fact that the ad lacks added contact information by including a phone number and a Web BEFORE any contact information. address.
Jim Groff is president of York, Pa.-based Baublitz Advertising, a marketing firm that focuses on the building materials and construction industry. Groff has authored numerous columns and industry white papers on branding, research, marketing along the distribution channel and emerging market trends, among others. For more information, visit www.baublitz.com. Syracuse Commercial Floors receives a Hardwood Floors T-shirt for being selected. To enter your marketing piece for a professional redesign in this column, hardwood flooring contractors and dealers should send in their Yellow Pages ads, newspaper ads, magazine ads or brochures to: Sharper Image, Hardwood Floors, 4130 Lien Road, Madison, WI 53704.
December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 25 Your Business | Live and Learn
town: Putnam, Ill., population 793. I’ve always got plenty of 1958, and I always enjoyed the creative side of the busi- work, but I don’t have to drive far or contend with traffic to ness. By my last year in college, I decided that after I grad- get to it. In fact, I’m usually home in time to see my boys uated, I’d work for my dad, and we talked about me right after school. The work isn’t the upscale kind of floors I working into ownership of the business. We didn’t have used to do, but the anything structured or in writing; in hindsight, that would Three months later, cost of living here have made things easier. As it was, he’d talk about retir- is a lot less than ing—next year. Next year would come, and he wouldn’t I came to work and what it was in the retire. It was always “next year.” I said to my wife, “Dad’s Chicago suburbs. never going to retire, and I need to get on with my life.” my dad said, “I’ve had We have acreage, My wife and I had put in offers on 13 fixer-upper houses my kids have goats in the suburbs, but we lost them all—people were bidding it, I quit. You need to and ducks, and we over the list price and just tearing down the houses to get can walk to the the property. We had bought a tree farm out in the country tell me by Friday if beach at the lake while we were engaged, and we enjoyed the different that is only a cou- pace of life and friendly environment down there. When you’re taking the ple blocks from the perfect house and property came up for sale in the our house. I’m the same area, we bought it, even though it was two hours business over or not.” kind of father that from the business in Elmhurst. my wife and I At that point, life took some unexpected turns. I was in a wanted me to be, but it took a huge change in our lives car accident that left me badly injured and in traction in bed and my business to get here. for eight weeks. While I was recuperating, my dad had a I grew up in the Chicago suburbs working the family heart attack. Within a year, my wife gave birth to our twin wood flooring business. My dad had the company since boys. Three months later, I came to work and my dad said,
Circle 12 26 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Your Business | Live and Learn
“I’ve had it, I quit. You need to tell me by Friday if you’re core, make it stronger and turn it into a marketable asset. taking the business over or not.” I had two three-month-old We needed it to be at a point where we could hand it over boys, a wife and a mortgage payment. I didn’t think I had to someone and they could run the show. To start, we much of a choice, and I took over the business. incorporated the business. We computerized all the esti- In order for your own business to run properly, you mates and the schedule, as well as our customer database, become consumed by it; that’s the devil in running your so if Mrs. Jones called, I could immediately see that we own business. When you have eight or 10 guys, you end worked for her in 2002 and see which flooring, stain and up working 12 hours a day, and your family tends to suf- finish we used. We made sure we had three senior employ- fer. My wife and I made an agreement: By the time the ees who could do just as good a job as I could so that I boys started first grade, I would sell the business or hire a was replaceable. We also set up good benefits and a 401(k) manager to run it so I’d be able to spend more time with retirement plan for all the employees; we needed a good the kids. Growing up, my dad had always spent lots of core group of employees who could be responsible when I time with us. We’d be headed for a job, the wind would be took myself out of the mix. We needed the business to be blowing from the west and somebody would have told us organized so we could pass systems on that the new owner the day before that the salmon were biting. We’d show up could use and be profitable with, and in essence, that’s at the job and my dad would say, “Mrs. Smith, we had a what we did. Dad had always kept the company pretty problem with the machine at the last job; we’ll have to do small with few employees, but my last year with the busi- this tomorrow.” We’d go home, take the tools out of the ness, we did $1 million in sales, were up to eight employ- truck, hook the boat on and be on Lake Michigan in an ees and had three vehicles, plus my own. hour. In the meantime, I had started to build up some work for With the level of service we offered and the core of cus- myself out in the country around Putnam so when I sold tomers we had from being in business for so long, our the business, I already had things in motion out here. It was business had a good value. We needed to build upon that a real leap of faith: I had to be confident that I’d built
Circle 13 December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 27 Your Business | Live and Learn
5 enough of a financial cushion that if the bottom fell out, I gets around. Last week I repaired and refinished the ⁄16-by- 1 could put food on the table and pay my insurance. Back 1 ⁄2-inch floor on the first floor of a Victorian house owned during my summers in college, I captained fishing boats on by a woman who owns an insurance company in town. Lake Michigan, and the guy who taught me how to run the I’ve already had four people come up to me and tell me 40-foot boat how great the floors look. always told me It is different work, and that’s been one of the harder I’m sanding that when you’re things to stomach. For the most part, I’m working in houses pulling into the that are worth $70,000 to $130,000, and I’m sanding 150- 150-year-old slip, you need to year-old pumpkin pine floors, not putting down $35-a- look for an out in square-foot hand-scraped walnut. It’s like going from pumpkin pine floors, case you have a cooking filet mignon to working at McDonald’s. Some days problem. That’s you say, “What did I do that for?” But I’m able to pick up not putting down how I felt about the kids after school and take them fishing or sit down at selling the business the kitchen table for an hour and help them with their $30-a-square-foot and starting over in homework. the boondocks. I When I sold the business, my dad wasn’t upset. He told hand-scraped walnut. knew that if I had me that there are more important things than work—that you to, I could call up only have a certain amount of time to spend with your kids, friends in the and you’d better enjoy it. And, as parents so often are, he industry—local distributors or fellow contractors—and get was right. ■ work. As it turned out, by the time the business sold, I had enough contacts out in the country that I haven’t had a dry Michael Dittmer is president at Michael Dittmer Wood Floors moment since I started. Of course, in the country, word in Putnam, Ill.
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Circle 14 28 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 16 on Reply Card Your Business | Legal Brief
Legal Labyrinth Navigate a changing landscape for hiring immigrants
By Phillip M. Perry
roy recently left his job to start his own contracting business in INDUSTRY TRENDS T Southern California. When the time came for hiring employees, Troy NWFA Economic Trends Survey: found a willing and experienced labor market in the large Latino community. Solid Unfinished Flooring But after hearing nightmarish tales In this survey, responses from 9 top wood flooring manufacturers are used to identify from other trades about businesses current wood flooring sales trends. Below are results for solid unfinished flooring. Solid that lost money or even went out of prefinished flooring and engineered flooring results are on the following pages. Results business because of hiring illegal for this issue were compiled in the middle of November. immigrants, Troy is afraid of hiring the wrong people. He has no idea how to 1. Over the past two months, has the cost of lumber for your company’s solid ensure he’s hiring people who can unfinished hardwood flooring … legally work in the U.S., or where to go for help. -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Given the dwindling supply of avail- able workers, you may likely find your- 2. In the past two months, have the prices you charge for your company’s self in Troy’s shoes. Hiring immigrants, solid unfinished hardwood flooring … after all, has long been a valued prac- -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 tice for getting the job done in America. Today, though, employers need to 3. Over the past two months, has your company’s sales of solid unfinished tread more carefully over what has hardwood flooring … become rougher legal terrain. Federal regulations are tightening up in ways -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 that target employers of undocumented workers. And that’s only the start: Fol- 4. Over the past two months, has your company’s profits from solid unfin- lowing the failure of Congress to pass ished hardwood flooring … comprehensive immigration reform last summer, state governments around the -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 country are creating a confusing patch- work of laws related to the hiring of 5. What is the projection for your company’s solid unfinished hardwood foreign nationals. flooring sales in the coming quarter … Even municipalities are getting into -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 the act. “Many local communities are fighting illegal immigration by targeting key: businesses,” cautions David Kotick, -1 = dropped slightly +1 = risen slightly managing partner of New York-based -2 = dropped significantly 0 = had no change +2 = risen significantly -3 = dropped drastically +3 = risen drastically immigration law firm Apsan Law (continued on page 32)
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Group. “Employers who hire undocu- Verify Eligibility law firm. The employer must have each mented aliens face steep fines and the Whatever your location, you are subject hired individual fill out an I-9 form, loss of their business licenses. Some to federal regulations that require you titled “Employment Eligibility Verifica- laws even mandate jail time for repeat to verify the employment eligibility of tion,” issued by the U.S. Citizen and offenders.” anyone you hire. “Every individual, Immigration Services, which is a divi- So, naturally, it’s important to follow once hired, must be asked for docu- sion of the Department of Homeland the proper steps in hiring foreign ments that prove their identity and their Security (DHS). To avoid any appear- nationals. Following are things you can work authorization,” explains Carlina ance of discrimination, the law requires do when hiring to reduce your liability Tapia-Ruano, partner at Chicago-based that you have individuals complete this when hiring employees. Tapia-Ruano & Gunn, an immigration form only after being hired, not during the recruitment process. You can download a copy of an I-9 form at INDUSTRY TRENDS (CONTINUED) www.uscis.gov. Click on “Immigration Forms” and then “Employment Eligibil- Solid Prefinished Flooring ity Verification” or “I-9,” toward the bot- tom of the list. 1. Over the past two months, has the cost of lumber for your company’s solid On part one of the I-9 form, the prefinished hardwood flooring …
-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
2. In the past two months, have the prices you charge for your company’s “Every individual, solid prefinished hardwood flooring … once hired, -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 must be asked 3. Over the past two months, has your company’s sales of solid prefinished hardwood flooring … for documents that
-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 prove their identity
4. Over the past two months, has your company’s profits from solid prefin- and their work ished hardwood flooring … authorization.” -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
5. What is the projection for your company’s solid prefinished hardwood flooring sales in the coming quarter … employee enters basic information such as name, address, Social Security num- -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 ber and date of birth. Just as important key: is the section on the employment status -1 = dropped slightly +1 = risen slightly of the individual. There are only three -2 = dropped significantly 0 = had no change +2 = risen significantly choices here: The individual is either a -3 = dropped drastically +3 = risen drastically U.S. citizen, a legal permanent resident or an alien authorized to work until a This month, we also asked solid unfinished, solid prefinished and engineered wood given date. The employee must sign flooring manufacturers: and date the form. Do you plan to increase, decrease or maintain production levels for the first In part two of the form, you must quarter of 2008? certify that you have made sure the documents provided by the employee 22% said they plan to increase production establish the individual’s identity and 0% said they plan to decrease production employment authorization. There is an 78% said they plan to maintain production. extensive list on the back of the I-9 (continued on page 34) form that shows which documents are
32 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Giving You An Abrasive Edge
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acceptable. Any one document from a list of 10 is accept- another. Penalties for errors can range from $1,000 to able as proof of both identity and employment eligibility. $10,000 per violation. Even employers who make innocent (A passport and a permanent resident card are two exam- mistakes can be fined. ples.) Additionally, there are nearly two dozen additional Employers should make sure everyone who helps documents that have been certified as proof of one of the employees fill out I-9 forms is trained to avoid as many two criteria. errors as possible, Tapia-Ruano suggests. “And I would Part three provides space for updating the form’s infor- encourage internal audit of I-9s on a periodic basis. Don’t mation after a worker’s previous work authorization has wait for an audit by the Department of Homeland Security,” expired. she adds. “The law requires that the signatures and the information While the I-9 form looks simple, attorneys caution be completed within three days of the employee’s hire employers about making these common errors: date,” Tapia-Ruano notes. “Many attorneys recommend that Illegal bias: Avoid charges of discrimination by requiring employers attach photocopies of the reviewed documents every employee (not just the ones you think are from to each I-9 to help protect the business in the event of an another country because of their appearance or their audit.” speech) to fill out an I-9 form. Entry errors: One of the more common errors is incor- Avoid Errors rect indication of the employee’s immigration status. An Gathering documents is one thing. Making sure they are employee with a work visa, for example, may have erro- authentic and that all of the blanks are filled in correctly is neously filled in “permanent resident.” Such a mistake is significant even if done innocently. It is the employer’s duty to make sure the INDUSTRY TRENDS (CONTINUED) entries are accurate. Over-restrictive documentation: Engineered Flooring Avoid requiring documentation that is more restrictive than what the law 1. Over the past two months, has the cost of lumber for your company’s mandates, such as requiring a birth cer- engineered wood flooring … tificate along with a Social Security card and valid driver’s license. An -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 employer might be tempted to do this 2. In the past two months, have the prices you charge for your company’s to simplify record keeping, but it is ille- engineered wood flooring … gal and can lead to fines as well as charges of discrimination. -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Failure to assess authenticity: The employer must not accept documents 3. Over the past two months, has your company’s sales of engineered that a reasonable person would suspect wood flooring … were fraudulent either because they look doctored or look like duplicates. -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Procrastination: Another mistake is to put off the task of examining the 4. Over the past two months, has your company’s profits from engineered employee’s documents and getting the wood flooring … I-9 in order. Waiting more than three days can result in fines. -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Allowing expiration dates to slip 5. What is the projection for your company’s engineered wood flooring by: Many employees have permission sales in the coming quarter … to work for only a limited period of time. Prior to the expiration date, ask -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 the employee to present new verifica- tion documents. key: It’s important to keep I-9 forms in a safe place. At any time, the DHS or the -1 = dropped slightly +1 = risen slightly -2 = dropped significantly 0 = had no change +2 = risen significantly U.S. Department of Labor may come -3 = dropped drastically +3 = risen drastically around and perform an “employment audit” of I-9s.
34 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 O TM UNFINISHED ENGINEERED FLOORING Circle 18 on Reply Card 5’ Brazilian Cherry Engineered Flooring featuring Long Lengths & Wide Widths Engineered Plank
105 Plank Road • Shawano, WI 54166 • Ph. 888.675.9663 • Fax 715.524.6084 Your Business | Legal Brief
LEGAL HIGHLIGHTS ■ Employers who hire undocumented aliens face steep fines and the loss of their business licenses. ■ Require each hired individual to fill out an I-9 form. ■ Don’t fire employees simply based on a “no- match” letter from the U.S. Social Security Administration. ■ Employers should not accept documents that a reasonable person would suspect were fraudulent. ■ Safe harbor regulations define what steps employers can take to avoid legal liability for hiring undocumented workers.
Safe Harbor Rules The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) has long been Onl y in the practice of sending “no-match” letters to employers when workers’ names and social security numbers on W-2 forms do not match the SSA records. In the past, employers had never been sure what to do after receiving these letters. Should a worker who cannot reconcile the discrepancy be Goodwin fired? “In many cases employers have kept the employees on board, fearing that a termination decision based on a no- The richest, most beautiful match letter might lead to charges of discrimination,” notes wood in the world... Angelo A. Paparelli, managing partner of Paparelli & Part- ners, an immigration law firm with offices in New York City and Irvine, Calif. “After all, there can be legitimate reasons why a no-match occurs. A female employee might have got- ten married, for example, and changed her name to her hus- band’s without notifying the SSA. Or the SSA could have misspelled the name.” Indeed, the Web site of the U.S. Immigration and Cus- toms Enforcement division of the DHS states “an employer who takes action against an employee based on nothing more substantial than a no-match letter may, in fact, violate the law.” Times, though, are changing. Today’s employers face more severe fines for hiring illegal immigrants and there is a general national mood shift against undocumented foreign nationals. This has raised concerns that employers will opt River-Recovered Specialists to risk discrimination lawsuits over the federal government’s 1.800.336.3118 • www.HeartPine.com civil and criminal penalties for employment of undocu- River Recovered ® is a Registered Trademark of Goodwin Lumber, Inc. © 2006 mented workers. “The fear is that many people will be ter- Goodwin Lumber, Inc./DBA Goodwin Heart Pine. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. minated based on foreign appearance and name,” Paparelli pictured: River Recovered® Vertical Heart Pine cautions. As partial mitigation for this problem, in August of 2007
Circle 20 36 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 the DHS issued new regulations intended to clarify matters while pro- viding a “safe harbor” for employers who hire foreign nationals. The regula- tions define what steps employers must take within what time frames to avoid legal liability for hiring undocumented workers.
Stay Informed Recent changes in federal regulations are seen by some as an attempt to shift the border control effort from the gov- ernment to the private sector. “Employ- ers feel an unreasonable burden is
“Employers feel an unreasonable burden is being placed on their Circle 21 shoulders to control undocumented employees.”
being placed on their shoulders to con- trol undocumented employees,” Tapia- Ruano says. However this burden is perceived, employers could potentially face steep fines and jail time unless they take the necessary precautions to protect them- selves when hiring foreign nationals. By following legal developments in the hiring process and being vigilant about proper documentation, employing immigrants doesn’t have to be the risky business that so many small-business owners fear. ■
Phillip M. Perry is a New York-based freelance writer and a frequent contrib- utor to Hardwood Floors.
Circle 22 December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 37 Circle 23 on Reply Card Circle 23 on Reply Card Your Business | Money
Financial Resolve Get on top of your financials in 2008
By Jim Blasingame
his New Year’s, don’t just make those cliché resolutions about losing weight or quitting smok- ing—make 2008 the year you resolve to improve your hardwood flooring business. One way to Tdo that is by actively managing your financial statements. You’ll have a better understanding of your business and won’t be left at the end of the year wondering why your company didn’t generate the profits you expected. Here is a list of resolutions you may want to implement for your business for the upcoming year.
Resolution #1 I resolve to do a better job of managing my company financially. I’m not presuming you haven’t been doing a good job in this area. I’m only suggesting that we can all make improvements from wherever we are in our financial management. As our parents, teachers and mentors always told us, there is always room for improvement. Business owners can never stop being diligent in the financial management of their businesses. Stay close to the quantities, line distribution and age of your inventory. Stay closer to your accounts receiv- able report. Become one with your expense management. Even if you have hired someone to manage those areas on a daily basis, remember this: You can’t del- egate the ultimate responsibility for your business’s financial performance.
Resolution #2 I resolve to create regular and accurate finan- cial statements. OK, I admit that this is a little presumptuous, but I fear any insults I’m in danger of delivering would be to only a minority of small businesses. After more than a decade as a business consultant, I’ll wager that fewer than half of small businesses con- sistently produce regular (at least quarterly) and accurate profit-and-loss (P&L) statements and bal- ance sheets. I’m going to repeat something I’ve said at least 100 times: If the only financial report you have is the P&L and balance sheet you get once a year with your tax return, using that information to manage your business is like making a salad with 15-month- old lettuce. The lettuce is metaphoric—the 15 months is literal. In either case, the result is rotten. With all of the accounting software available today, there is no excuse for every small business not to be managing with current numbers. These
40 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Serving Up Quality Flooring For The Most Discriminating Tastes.
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ForesFloor is a product of Foresbec, the recognized leader of hardwood manufacturing in North America and proud member of The PENROD Group. Circle 19 on Reply Card programs can cost as little as the price of a dinner for two, will work on inexpensive personal computers and are virtu- ally idiot-proof. If you can read, add 2+2, and operate a mouse, you can be on your way to do-it-yourself financial statements in very short order. The direct benefit is the ability to manage your business with fresh lettuce—I mean numbers. But there are also sev- eral indirect benefits that result with virtually no extra effort. In order to create financial statements, you will be entering sales, purchases, disbursements, etc. As you place that infor- mation in your accounting program, you are simultaneously creating the ability to produce invoices, billing statements, sales-tax reports, inventory records and accounts payable and accounts receivable reports, just to name a few. How would you like to have the time back that you may currently be spending to create those records from scratch? Business owners who do not use electronic capability to create their businesses’ financial information are like some- one eating a meal with their hands even though they know knives and forks have been invented.
Resolution #3 I resolve to learn more about what my financial records are telling me and, armed with that valuable informa- tion, manage my business more effectively. Remember what the dog said after he chased the car and caught it? “Now that I’ve got it, what do I do with it?” Now that you’ve made a commitment to manage with current financial information and have created your financial records, what do you do with them? If you’re worried that accomplishing this resolution means you have to become a bookkeeper or accountant, stop wor- rying—it doesn’t. But good business owners must at least understand the flow of the financial components of their businesses and how each one affects the others. I believe business failures could easily be cut in half if any- one wanting to become a business owner were required to pass a course that taught the basics of cash flow, accounting and how to read and understand financial statements. Do you know how to find out why, incredibly, sales are up but you’re out of cash? It’s on the balance sheet. Do you know the first place to check to get an early tip that inventory may be creeping up? It’s likely in your gross profit margin, right there in the middle of your P&L state- ment. Do you know where to find why you’re not profitable even though you know you are maximizing margins and holding down direct expenses? The answer may be hiding in some of those annoying P&L line items like “bank overdraft fees” and that insidious “miscellaneous” account. If you didn’t know the answer to these questions, let me tell you how you can solve that problem: Do Financial Reso- lution #2 every month. If you build your statements, the understanding will come. Circle 25 42 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008
MONEY HIGHLIGHTS ■ With today’s software, there’s no excuse not to manage with current numbers. ■ You can’t delegate responsibility of your business’s financial performance. ■ Every small business should be managed based on (at least) quarterly financial reports. ■ Good business owners must understand the flow of their businesses’ finances. ■ Compare your numbers with those of your peers.
Resolution #4 I resolve to find out how my company’s financial per- formance compares with that of my peers. Every industry has its own rules of thumb for how much a business in that sector should be spending and how much profit it should be making—all based on sales volume. There are ratios and percentages produced by aggregating the financial statements of many businesses in a particular indus- try, for everything from payroll to payables, from inventory to interest, and from debt to deferred compensation. Industries and financial institutions have been compiling and recording these indicators for so long, in such significant numbers, and at all levels of activity, that they are used every day by sophisticated managers as valid reference points from which to measure their businesses’ performance. Would you like to be able to call yourself a sophisticated manager? Find out how your peers are doing and put your numbers up against theirs. Robert Morris Associates is one publishing firm that offers this information in its Web-based solution program, eCompare2. There are other companies that offer similar solutions. They don’t give these away, but they’re not expensive. You may be able to find these publi- cations at your local Chamber of Commerce, public library or small-business development center. If you’re an NWFA member, you can access the association’s “Distributor Profit Report” and “Dealer/Contractor Profit Report.” Write this on a rock ... The more you educate yourself on the financial fundamentals of business, the more you will seek financial excellence for your company. Along the way, you will become a sophisticated and successful manager of your business’s financial performance. ■
Jim Blasingame is the creator and award-winning host of the nationally syndicated radio/Internet talk show, “The Small Business Advocate,” and author of Small Business is Like a Bunch of Bananas and Three Minutes to Success. Find Jim’s show and more at www.SmallBusinessAdvocate.com, plus instant answers to your questions at his small business knowl- edge base, AskJim.biz. Circle 29 44 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 B. Shannon Fuller & Richard M. Lingle 1245 Adams Lane Edwards, MS 39066 601-326-3130 www.bakerscreekfloors.com
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Circle 27 on Reply Card Your Business | Management
Branching Out Build your business through smart networking
By Andrea Nierenberg
any of us still perceive the word “networking” as a cliché catchphrase used by salespeople, but I always say the word is misunderstood. I believe that good networking skills build links and Malliances with people we meet along our career path. The opposite of networking is not working. If you’re not networking, you’re missing a great opportunity to improve your business. There are many steps you can take to build your network and consequently improve your hardwood flooring business. Here’s how you can use networking to your advantage.
Not Just for Sales Networking is all about developing and building relationships first. When this happens with hard work and sincerity, customers will come. When you meet new people for the first time, it’s like planting a seed. When you stay in touch by meeting for coffee or sending a holiday card, it’s like watering the seeds. Finally, when there is a genuine reason for you to have a closer working relationship or friendship, it’s like the harvest. Remember, we can plant and we can water, however, the growth is a natural and organic process. You cannot rush it. In each connection, I look at how I can help that person or refer someone to that person. The biggest joy is when I put someone in touch with another person and they do business together. Flooring contrac- tors may be able to do this by suggesting fellow tradesmen to a homeowner, for example. At my business consulting firm, three of my major clients took over three years to develop—lots of staying in touch, and patience, and finally an opportunity to work on a project. Each has generated multiple referrals. The goal is to stay in front of people and to be on their radar screen so they can return the favor by referring you.
Negative Networking The top complaint from a national survey that my com- pany conducted was about peo- ple who act like they are trying to sell you something—right when they meet you. They pounce on prospective contacts © iStockphoto
46 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 32 on Reply Card Your Business | Management
and talk only about themselves instead of having any interest client. Then plant seeds to nurture the relationship and gener- in the new acquaintance. Another complaint was about peo- ate referrals. Ask questions, show interest and ask about things ple who immediately lose interest if they don’t think you’ll be that are of interest to them. The time you invest will be paid of use to them. These people figure they only need to net- back many times over as you are building relationships. work with people who will quickly lead to a sale. Think of the associations you belong to and make the time The key is to always give first. Be a resource—go through that you go to these meetings and functions work for you. Get your database and think how you can help the other person. involved: work on committees and meet and develop new Every day, get in touch with three people just to say hello. I contacts throughout the year. Publish your own newsletter to do this systematically. It could be as simple as sending a photo send to your previous customers and also to a prospect list of a recent project or an interesting article and saying “I you continually build. There are many pre-produced market- haven’t spoken to you in a while, and thought you might be ing pieces that can be created and customized with your name interested in this.” Or, let customers know about an event they and contact information. Just be sure to always sign it yourself might enjoy or congratulate them on a recent accomplishment. and, if possible, add something personal. For me, the newslet- Keep it sincere, short and make it about them—not about you. ter is a piece of gold. I send out 2,500 copies quarterly and I One way to do this is by keeping a database of projects and always personalize each one—it can be as simple as: “Hi, Lisa, following up when you think some maintenance may be nec- hope you’re doing great! Andrea.” essary. By constantly staying in contact, they will have your name ready to refer to another client. Community Networking Offer to speak at a local organization’s meeting. You might Time is Money also offer to do a free mini-seminar on maintaining a hard- Networking, the way I look at it, is part of everyday life. Go wood floor. Sponsor a Little League team or turn in through the clients and companies you deal with and think announcements about milestone company events to your about how can you connect with each person, vendor or local newspaper. All of these things can connect you to a
Circle 28 48 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 broader network of people.
Four Tools for Networking Understanding the importance of networking is one thing, but actually putting it into action is another. Here are four tools that can help you network. 1) Meet people and nurture your current network. Lis- ten and learn from everyone you meet. We learn more by lis- tening than talking, which is why we have two ears and one mouth. Also, we can learn from those people we do not like—we learn how not to be. When you listen, you also learn what people need and how to be a resource for them. 2) Make connections for others. Find ways to connect other people together. I say “1+1=3.” People will remember who made the original connection. 3) Follow up. This is critical and the one thing most people forget to do. Under-promise and over-deliver. Do what you say and do it in a timely fashion. A wonderful quote I live by is, “Give without remembering and receive without forgetting.” 4) Find creative ways to follow up. There is always an opportunity to stay on people’s radar screen with an article, note, or something else of interest to them—even remember- ing their birthday.
Remember This Networking has many aspects that can be summarized by the following: N Remember people’s Names and Nurture your Network. E Have good Eye contact, Empathy and know when to Exit. T Talk less, listen more—Thinking, Trusting and Timing are everything. W Write personal notes to people. Remember, this is Work! O Every time you meet someone is an Opportunity to learn and be Organized. R Reputation, Relationships, Reflection, Rapport, Results. K Knowledge is power with execution—Kindness pays! I Be Interested in others, Integrity is key, take the Initiative. N Sometimes you have to say No. G Goals, Gratitude, be Generous with your time. Networking can be a useful resource to small-business own- ers, as long as it’s used properly. By not being the stereotypi- cally over-aggressive sales professional—and remembering to build relationships—networking can help your business reach its full potential. ■
Andrea Nierenberg is president of New York City-based The Nierenberg Group, which provides training in sales, customer service, presentation skills, networking and motivation to leading businesses worldwide. She is the author of Million Dollar Networking, and can be reached at info@mybusiness- relationships.com.
Circle 26 December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 49 F rom point 'a'
T o point 'b'…
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From this process, we select only the best lumber to produce our high-quality solid wood flooring. This flooring is produced in Rift & Quarter Sawn and Plain Sawn, and is available in the following species: • White Oak • Red Oak • Maple • Walnut • Cherry • Ash • Hickory (Plain Sawn only) 800.296.6223 • www.taylorlumberinc.com Circle 42 on Reply Card Onthe Job Ask the Expert Wax, Expansion & More
3 Wax On, Wax Off? original finish or other contaminants are case, ⁄4 inch. You’ll want to check with I have a customer with a 50-year- a possibility. Wax is obviously a phe- the manufacturer of the flooring for that old oak floor that has always been nomenal contaminant, but if you’re specific product’s recommendation; not waxed. She wants me to resand it careful, you can usually resand a previ- all manufacturers of solid products nec- and coat it with oil-based finish. Is ously waxed floor successfully. essarily require that much expansion. that possible? The reason for expansion space is to Expanding on Expansion prevent the flooring from pushing walls My new employee installed a solid out of place in the event that there are John Bast III, president of Tampa, 3 ⁄4-inch prefinished floor yesterday extreme moisture conditions on the job Fla.-based Florida Hardwood Floor Sup- 1 and only left about ⁄4-inch expan- plies, answers: and the floor cups and buckles. Expan- sion space at the wall. Will this be Yes, it usually is. First, you have to sion space doesn’t prevent cupping. If a problem? do a thorough sanding with all the the flooring was acclimated to the job required grits, which is typically a site and the temperature and humidity Rusty Swindoll, assistant director of three-cut process. You need to be thor- in the house never change, the floor technical training at the NWFA, ough not only with the big machine, probably won’t have a problem—but if answers: but also pay careful attention while there’s the floor floods, the wood floor For solid wood floors, we recom- you’re edging. Any areas that have to can possibly move the walls and even mend leaving expansion at the walls as be sanded by hand also must be done shift the sill plates, causing structural wide as the flooring is thick—in this 3 carefully. damage to the house. If there is ⁄4-inch Sanding heats the floor, which lique- fies some of the wax that might be TRICK OF THE TRADE remaining between the boards or in the pores of the wood, driving it to the sur- face. That’s why I recommend sanding Listen Up the floor, letting it cool overnight and then coming back the next morning to screen and coat the floor. Grain-filling the floor between the medium and fine cut may also help. If the wax isn’t completely removed, several things can happen. You can get lines between the joints of the boards— along the sides and also at the end joints—from wax that was in that space. Wax remaining in the surface of the wood can cause alligatoring and peeling of the finish, also. Open- grained woods, such as pine and oak ost chatter is caused by a bad drum, but if it isn’t, it can be hard to figure out (typically the species used for the old Mwhat the culprit is. This device can help you figure out if it’s another suspect— waxed floors), are more likely to have bad bearings. The specialized stethoscope can be bought at any auto parts supply problems than a tight-grained floor like shop. Simply touch the end of the device to the relevant parts—if you hear a regular Brazilian cherry. knocking noise while the machine is running, you know the bearing is bad. As with any recoat job, it’s a great Wayne Lee of Clarke American Sanders receives a Hardwood Floors T-shirt for his tip. Do idea to test an area before you do the you have a Trick of the Trade? Send in your idea, and if we use it, we’ll send you a Hard- whole floor and also to inform the wood Floors T-shirt. client up front that problems from the
December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 51 On the Job | Ask the Expert
expansion, on the other hand, and sion space after the fact is to undercut available for flush-cutting applications. there’s a flood, by the time the floor the sheetrock to the level of the floor. You can even use a reciprocating saw 3 moves ⁄4 inch, the fasteners will have To do this, you can use any number of as long as you’re careful not to cut into released and the pressure on the floor tools—anything from a razor knife to an the joists; it can be especially useful is released upward instead of pushing undercut saw like a jamb saw (beware because it cuts right through any dry- out the walls. of dust when using a jamb saw) to the wall screws. A high-speed rotary tool To be safe, one way to leave expan- small electric handsaws that are now would also do the job. Playing it safe is always the best option. If you don’t leave the expan- sion space required by the manufac- turer and you end up with an expansion problem, you may not be covered by your warranty. If you don’t leave the expansion space required by the manufacturer and you end up with an expansion problem, you won’t be covered by your warranty. Comparing Change What causes more change in the dimension of wood flooring, tem- perature or humidity?
John Christopherson, owner at Alaska Wholesale Hardwoods in Anchorage, Alaska, answers: Humidity. At 50 percent humidity, the moisture content (MC) of hard- wood will equalize at about 9.5 percent when the temperature is stabilized at 50 degrees Fahrenheit. If you change the temperature to 80 degrees, the hard- wood will stabilize at around 9.1 per- cent MC. That is less than half a percent lower MC for an increase in tempera- ture of 30 degrees. Switch that to a 30 percent humidity change and the wood will equalize at about 3 percent MC less than before. That would cause a 3-inch plainsawn red oak board to shrink 1 about ⁄32 inch. ■ Circle 31 52 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 36 on Reply Card On the Job | From the Field
Scenarios for Success Three important factors could save your installation
By Don Conner
recently visited a home in the another factor was at play. The wood the planks were between 0.02 and 0.06 Southwest to conduct a site inspec- floor was a factory-finished exotic in a inch. The width of a business card, for Ition on a wood flooring installation 5-inch-wide plank. instance, is only 0.012 inch, but the completed approximately three years Normal moisture content (MC) for gaps were obvious. ago. The homeowners complained this wood floor species in the South- Due to the wide width of the planks that their wood floors had too much west ranges from 8 to 10 percent. How- and the home’s dry interior environ- gapping. While some gaps are ever, when I arrived at the site, the MC ment, each plank had lost moisture and expected due to seasonal changes, this varied from 7.5 to 6 percent and even shrunk in width, causing the separa- was more than the homeowners felt less. This wouldn’t have been a prob- tions. The planks had a 0.5 to 4 percent 1 was normal. Of course, I immediately lem had the wood been 2 ⁄4-inch lower MC than the 8 to 10 percent that suspected moisture was the culprit. domestic strip. But this exotic species was needed. Normally, gapping can be attributed was wider and denser, so it was experi- Several factors had contributed to this to subfloor moisture vapor, an interior encing side-to-side movement due to home’s gapping problem, and they environmental problem or an acclima- moisture changes. were all preventable. Increasing the tion problem. However, in this case, The gaps that had opened between humidity level inside the home would have increased the floor’s MC and reduced the gaps. TALES FROM THE FRONT In my many years in the hardwood flooring industry, I’ve seen similar sce- narios with sabotaged wood floor Giving the Slip installations played out again and Air mover takes flight again. Three factors, if managed shrewdly during home building and Midwestern wood flooring professional recalls an install, renovation projects, can significantly A sand and finish job in a high-end home. The extensive reduce these poor outcomes. renovations included everything from new wood flooring throughout to lavish landscaping surrounding the home. 1) Proper Scheduling by Before applying finish in a second-story room, the contractor the Builder had used rope to secure a rickety old air mover in the window to draw solvents out of Builders and job-site superintendents the room once the finish had begun to dry. A remote control was hooked up to the air have an extremely important role in mover so the contractor could turn it on without having to walk across the finish. Once ensuring successful wood flooring the finish was down and dry enough, the contractor turned the air mover on. As it built installations, because they are responsi- up to full throttle, however, a dented fan blade caused the contraption to shake vio- ble for scheduling all aspects of build- lently. Helpless to grab it, since he didn’t want to ran across the new finish, the con- ing and renovation projects. tractor could only watch as the knot quickly unraveled and the air mover took flight, From the onset, it is important that landing smack in the middle of the freshly planted—and now crushed—landscaping. realistic timeframes are established for If you have a true (and printable) story to share, e-mail it with your name and phone num- all construction tasks, keeping in mind ber to [email protected]. If we use your story, we’ll send you a Hardwood that hardwood flooring installers should Floors T-shirt. be allowed to work only when normal
54 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Being responsible is in our roots.
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Circle 33 on Reply Card On the Job | From the Field
living conditions are present in the home. All other trades should have completed their tasks before installation begins. Electricity should be turned on, doors and windows should be in place and the heating or air conditioning should be operational. &OHJOFFSFE 8PPE If work crews cancel and delays occur, the wood floor 'MPPSJOH4UBQMFS installation should be postponed until conditions are acceptable. After installation of the wood floors, if the house isn’t going to be immediately occupied, it shouldn’t SureShotTM 1848-F be sealed up with no air exchange. rt Choice 2) Point-of-Purchase Sales Information )BSEXPPE'MPPSJOH Builders and installers should seek out informed sales per- $MFBU/BJMFS sonnel when purchasing hardwood flooring products. In my seminars, I’ve found that only about 10 percent of hard- wood flooring sales personnel have read the manufacturers’ instructions about the flooring products they sell. This is a problem, because it is essential that the salesperson com- municate specific information to the builder or the end- of the Pros. The Sma user, such as what MC should be present in both the wood FloorMasterTM 200-C floor and subfloor at the time of installation. The climate in which the home is located should be con- sidered when the wood flooring is selected. A beachfront home in Hilton Head, S.C., should avoid having wide-width )BSEXPPE'MPPSJOH planks if doors and windows will be routinely left open, 4UBQMFS because the high moisture levels will create unwanted or accelerated wood movement. Having informed salespeople is particularly critical in today’s market, where exotic species are increasing in pop- ularity and the widths are becoming wider. Salespeople need to be informed enough to tell consumers the “how, when and where” of wood products—that is, how to install FloorMasterTM 200-S
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Circle 34 56 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 On the Job | From the Field
the flooring, when to install it and MC is near the appropriate level, prod- Guidelines. Following some basic where or in what location a particular ucts are available that can be applied to directions can make or break an product could be used for the best subfloors to reduce moisture-vapor installation. ■ result. migration to a reasonable level. Above all, installers should always Don Conner is technical and product 3) Use Informed Installers follow manufacturers’ printed instruc- development director for Johnson City, An installer’s education is key (and cer- tions and the NWFA’s Installation Tenn.-based Mullican Flooring. tification is evidence that contractors take industry standards seriously). The installers must take into account the species and width of the wood flooring being installed. They should under- stand the importance of installing the wood floor after the home’s tempera- ture and humidity have stabilized and
I’ve been on jobs where the installers were laying wood floors even though the home’s concrete basement floor was yet to be poured. the HVAC system is operational. It’s also extremely important that the instal- lation supervisor check the job site’s humidity levels and the MC of the sub- floors before the hardwood floors are installed. The subfloors should be within the recommended levels for the type of wood flooring being used. I’ve been on jobs where the installers were laying wood floors even though the home’s concrete basement floor was yet to be poured. This is a recipe for disaster—as the concrete dries, water in the concrete will evapo- rate and be absorbed by the wood floors above, causing them to buckle, crack or split. If the moisture of any subfloor is too high, installers need to wait and allow it to dry. If waiting is too difficult and the
Circle 35 December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 57 On the Job | Troubleshooting
Stop “Gap” Measures Overzealous acclimation leads to an unacceptable floor
By Michael B. Harde
The Problem where humidity will reach levels necessary for the Last January I inspected a wood floor in a New Eng- gaps to close entirely (in excess of 60 percent RH 3 for a MC of 10 percent). These gaps are not sea- land residence. The ⁄4-by-3-inch solid, factory-fin- ished white oak floor had gaps between the boards. sonal. There will always be gaps in this floor, and when the interior environment is at the low end of The Procedure its seasonal humidity range, the gaps will be The wood floor was in a new, single-story wood- prominent. The 10 percent MC of the wood at the frame home with a full basement. The flooring time of installation will never again be reached as was delivered (with an average moisture content long as the homeowners use the year-round cli- [MC] of 8.5 percent) to the site in July and then mate controls. acclimated for three weeks in the living room (at the time, there was no climate control operating in How to Fix the Floor the house). Before installation, the MC of the There is no way to restore the flooring to a closed, flooring was checked and was at 10 percent, gap-free condition other than to maintain overly showing acclimation to the environment. The sub- high humidity levels during the drier periods of floor at the time was at 11 the year, which is impractical and can even be percent MC, and the framing unhealthy. In this instance, the flooring was was at 12 percent MC. The removed and replaced. These gaps floor was installed by mid- August, the residence was In the Future are not seasonal. occupied and the HVAC sys- It’s critical to identify the expected year-round There will always tem turned on. interior environmental conditions and account for Following installation, the them prior to installing the flooring. This requires be gaps in this floor. floor developed gaps between looking beyond the MC of the wood and associ- the sides of the boards. Gaps ated structural components at the time of installa- were minimal at first, but by tion (the levels may look fine at the specific point the time of the inspection they in time when they are collected). The expected had become noticeable, averaging 0.040 inch. impact of environmental controls such as air con- The environmental conditions in the home dur- ditioners, humidifiers and dehumidifiers, as well as ing the inspection were appropriate for perform- the cyclical changes in humidity in that geo- ance of a wood floor. Flooring readings measured 6 graphic region, must be factored in. percent MC, with the indoor environment at 31 per- When combined, these factors determine suit- cent relative humidity (RH) and 67 degrees Fahren- able installation conditions for the flooring and its heit (humidification was in place and functioning). future environment. Don’t mistakenly think that because flooring has been acclimated prior to The Cause installation that it is has been acclimated correctly The wood flooring lost moisture during the sea- and that installation can proceed. To ensure a suc- sonal dry period and developed gaps. However, cessful wood floor installation and a satisfied cus- “seasonal gaps” are just that: seasonal. They close tomer, all variables relative to moisture must be during periods when the flooring gains adequate identified and addressed. ■ moisture. In this case, once the home was occu- pied, the home’s environment was maintained Michael B. Harde is president at Marlborough, between 30 and 50 percent RH year-round. This N.H.-based Northeast Floor Covering Inspection & wood floor is unlikely to be in conditions again Consulting Services.
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Sensational Spectrum Any color of hardwood floor is possible with dyes
By Steve Seabaugh
hen a customer asks for an unusual color on her wood floor that can’t be made with typical stains, most hard- Wwood flooring contractors just tell her it can’t be done. But that isn’t true—dyes can be used to create any color of the spectrum on a hardwood floor. They give richer, deeper color without hiding the grain of the wood like pigmented stains can. That said, dying a wood floor is very, very difficult. I tried it for the first time on my first hand-scraped floor in a customer’s home, and I ended up redoing the floor three times, even though I had friends in the industry talking me through it on the phone the entire time. Dye dries quickly and tends to leave lap marks, so it requires lots of prac- tice before you do it on a real job. Any time you stain a floor, you need a great sanding job. The same is true for dyes, but while you can easily sand out and restain a few areas where stain highlights sanding marks, repairing a dyed floor is nearly impossible, so flawless sanding is even more important. Here’s how I dye floors; the photos are from my panel at the NWFA’s Expert Sand & Finish School last October.
SUPPLY LIST • Moisture meter • Blue tape • Clear packing tape • Vacuum • Microfiber tack mop Step 1 Step 2 • Dye Once sanding is done, if necessary, I ... I go over it with clear packing tape, • Water or alcohol, tape off the area where I’ll be applying applying the edge to exactly where I depending on the dye the dye. Blue tape is good because it want the dye to stop. You might need won’t transfer adhesive to the floor, but extra light to see the floor well enough • Gram scale (if using I find that it lets dye get under the to be accurate. If the clear tape is wider powder dye) edges of the tape. So, I apply the blue than the blue tape, I fold under the • Paint pad applicator tape first, just a hairline short of where extra clear tape so it isn’t stuck directly • Stain I want to tape off (it helps to use onto the wood floor (the hairline that’s something hard to push down the covered with the clear tape is OK, but I edge of the tape, like your nail) and wouldn’t want a larger area stuck to the then ... floor).
60 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 37 on Reply Card On the Job | Step by Step
Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Once that’s done, I vacuum and dry- Dye comes in either a concentrated liq- I always make test boards of the color tack the floor. I also take moisture read- uid or powder that needs to be mixed using boards of the same species that ings of the area where I’ll be dying the with either denatured alcohol or water, were sanded to the same final grit that I floor so I have a baseline moisture con- depending on the dye (follow the direc- used on the floor. Unlike stain, you can tent (MC). tions on the dye). The liquid should be apply dye multiple times; it gets darker measured with an eyedropper; the pow- each time you apply it. If you want to der should be weighed. Keep careful lighten the color after it’s applied, once track of the ratios you use on your test the floor is dry you can abrade it with a board so you can get the same exact maroon pad or steel wool. I like to do color on the real floor. For this floor, that with distressed floors to highlight we’re experimenting with matching the the variations in the boards. green poplar wood in the floor’s inlay.
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Circle 38 62 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 On the Job | Step by Step
Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 People use all sorts of different things Any areas that have more dye will Even though dyes dry quickly, the only to apply dye, from brushes to sprayers, show up darker on the floor, so I try to way to know if the floor can be coated but I find that a paint pad works best spread the dye evenly and feather out is to test the MC again. I won’t coat it for me. As I mentioned, dye dries heavier areas, keeping the edge of my until the MC is the same as it was quickly and shows lap marks easily. So, applicator at board edges when possi- before I dyed the floor. it’s important to apply the dye quickly ble to help disguise lap marks like the and keep a wet edge while you’re one above. Dye doesn’t need to be applying it, much like you do with wiped off like stain does. waterborne finish. This is a patterned floor, but if I’m dying strip or plank, I like to cut my applicator to the width of one or two boards.
Circle 39 December 2007|January 2008 ■ Hardwood Floors 63 On the Job | Step by Step
Lap Lines
Step 9 Step 10 Once the stain was dry, we coated this Dye isn’t very color-fast. Even with fin- ecause they dry so quickly, dyes floor with a shellac sealer coat, but you ish, a dyed floor in direct sunlight will are extremely difficult to work can use any type of finish. ■ B fade quickly. Coating over it with a with. Applying the dye so the edge of stain helps preserve the color long- the applicator is at a board edge can Steve Seabaugh is the NWFA director of term. Here we’re applying a nutmeg- help avoid lap lines like the one visible technical training and president of colored stain over the entire floor. Of above (a distressed floor does help Cape Girardeau, Mo.-based Seabaugh’s course, if you plan on staining the floor, disguise them). If you have a large Custom Hardwood Floors Inc. be sure you include the stain on your room that will make it difficult to keep samples so the test color is accurate. a wet edge, you can divide the floor with a tape line at a board edge, just like you would when applying finish.
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Circle 40 64 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 41 on Reply Card On the Job | Techniques
Solid Footing A guide to subfloors used under hardwood flooring
By Catherine Liewen
sk any seasoned wood flooring contractor, and he’ll tell you that your final installation is only as good as the subfloor you’re installing over. Before you have your bundles or boxes shipped to the A job site and start racking out the floor, you should take the time to carefully inspect the subfloor and fix any problems that could affect your installation. The industry mantra is that all subfloors should be clean, dry and flat before wood flooring goes down. Following these simple rules and understanding what you are dealing with will help lead to a successful installation. Here are the common subfloors you’ll deal with on the job and checklists to help you make sure the sub- floors will be ready for your wood flooring installation. The following are general guidelines from NWFA’s Installation Guidelines. For specific information, always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the product you’re installing.
Plywood and OSB Over Joists Plywood and OSB subfloors over joists are most common in newer homes and new construction, typically in homes with basements or crawlspaces. 1) Suitable Wood Flooring: Any. 2) Thickness: Usually manufactured in 4-by-8-foot sheets, plywood panels and OSB are acceptable sub- floors for hardwood flooring as long as they are the proper thickness. Keep in mind that for mechanically fastened floors, OSB doesn’t hold fasteners as well as plywood, so you need to use a thicker material to get 5 23 the same holding power. Generally, the minimum thickness for plywood is ⁄8 inch; for OSB it’s ⁄32 inch. However, as joist spacing increases, the subfloors need to be thicker. For joist spacing of more than 16 inches up to 19.2 inches on center, the minimum thickness for both plywood and 3 OSB is ⁄4 inch. For joists spaced more than 19.2 inches on cen- 7 ter, the minimum thickness for plywood is ⁄8 inch and for OSB, 1 inch. 3) Check Before Installation: Once you determine the sub- floor is the proper thickness, check that the subfloor is installed properly, with no issues that could affect your installation. Sub- floor panels and fasteners should be properly placed according the panel manufacturer’s specifications. If there are protruding fasteners, squeaks or loose panels, refasten the subfloor to the joists. The subfloor should also be clean and free of contami- nants such as paint, sealer or drywall compound. Inspect the subfloor from below and note the direction of the joists. With the above specs, the flooring should be installed per- pendicular to the floor joists. The flooring can be laid parallel to 1 floor joists, but you may need to add a ⁄2-inch layer of plywood diagonally or perpendicularly to the joists, or install a brace
©iStockphoto between the joists.
66 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 Circle 50 on Reply Card On the Job | Techniques
4) Flatness: Ensure the subfloor is flat to the recommended in the wood subfloor and should not be used. Some manufac- tolerances for the flooring you are installing. For installations turers have their own recommendations for vapor barriers 1 using mechanical fasteners 1 ⁄2 inches and longer, subfloors depending on which product you are installing, so always 1 3 should be within ⁄4 inch in 10 feet or ⁄16 inch in 6 feet. For glue- check with the flooring manufacturer first. down installations and those using mechanical fasteners less 1 3 than 1 ⁄2 inches, the subfloor should be within ⁄16 inch in 10 feet Particleboard 1 or ⁄8 in 6 feet. The subfloor can be flattened by sanding down Particleboard is frequently discovered as a subfloor layer over the high areas or by installing shims such as roofing shingles or plywood when carpeting or vinyl are ripped out. various thicknesses of plywood. 1) Suitable Wood Flooring: Floating floors. Particleboard 5) Moisture: Another critical part of the subfloor inspection has no holding power for fasteners. Other wood floors may be process is checking the moisture content (MC) of the subfloor installed if the particleboard is ripped out, but if the original 1 and joists. A moisture meter should be your best friend on the subfloor is not thick enough, at least a ⁄2-inch layer of plywood 3 job. Whether you are using a pin or pinless model, make sure or ⁄4-inch OSB must be added once the particleboard is it is calibrated correctly for the species you are testing. (For removed. The other option is to install a layer of plywood or more on moisture meters, see “Measuring Moisture” in the OSB over the top of the particleboard (although that may cre- ate unacceptable height differences with the adjoining rooms; TECHNIQUES HIGHLIGHTS always check). ■ OSB doesn’t hold fasteners as well plywood, so you need Concrete Slabs to use a thicker material to get the same holding power. Concrete slabs are common in homes without basements, typi- cally in the Southern and Southwestern regions of the United ■ The subfloor should be flat to the recommended States. Below-grade areas of the home where the soil is 3 tolerances for the flooring you are installing. inches above the floor, such as walk-out basements, also have ■ Many installers write the MC reading and date right on slabs. 1) Suitable Wood Flooring: There are several options for the subfloor, log it and take digital photos. installing wood flooring over concrete. Always use the product ■ Not all slabs are acceptable for direct installation of and installation method recommended by the manufacturer. hardwood flooring. • Directly Over Concrete: Floating floors, engineered floors, some solid strip and plank, and some parquet. Solid wood ■ The slab should be clean and free of contaminants such flooring is never recommended below grade, but some solid as sealers, waxes, drywall or paint. wood flooring manufacturers now recommend their products for glue-down over slabs. A vapor retarder is recommended any ■ 3 Removing existing floor covering can reveal unpleasant time you install a solid ⁄4–inch wood flooring over concrete. surprises; never just assume the subfloor will be OK. • Over Concrete with a Wood Subfloor: Any. • Over Concrete with Sleepers: Solid strip or plank can be October/November 2006 issue of Hardwood Floors.) Take sev- laid directly over a sleeper system, but engineered wood floor- 3 eral readings—a minimum of 20 per 1,000 square feet—and ing less than ⁄4 inch thick or solid plank wider than 4 inches clearly document them. Many installers write the MC reading requires a wood subfloor over the sleepers. For obvious rea- and date right on the subfloor, log them in the job-site notes sons, parquet cannot be installed over sleepers unless an addi- and take digital photos for further documentation. If problems tional layer of plywood or OSB is added. arise later, you may need to submit proof that you followed the 2) Weight: There are different types and weights of concrete correct procedures. For solid strip flooring, there should be no slabs, and not all are acceptable for glue-down installation of more than 4 percentage points’ difference in MC between the hardwood flooring. The slab must be a minimum of 3,000 psi; subfloor and the flooring; solid plank flooring wider than 3 lightweight concrete is not acceptable unless you are installing inches requires no more than 2 percentage points’ difference. a floating floor or a wood subfloor over the slab. A quick test is Although moisture may be in check at the time of installa- to drag a nail or other sharp object across the slab—if it leaves tion, it could slowly seep in through the wood subfloor and an impression, there’s a good chance it’s lightweight concrete. eventually into the wood flooring above. To help prevent this, 3) Surface: As with all subfloors, inspect the surface of the an approved moisture-vapor retarder should be placed slab for areas that can affect the flooring installation. The slab between the subfloor and the wood flooring. Approved vapor should be clean and free of contaminants such as sealers, retarders include 15-pound asphalt felt paper, asphalt-laminated waxes, drywall or paint. Slick slabs can prevent adhesive trans- paper and 15-pound kraft paper. A vapor retarder material with fer, so areas may need to be abraded according to the adhesive a perm rating of 0.7 or less, such as polyfilm, can trap moisture manufacturer’s recommendations. Also check for hollow spots,
68 Hardwood Floors ■ December 2007|January 2008 cracks and loose areas. You may need to grind down the slab or repair these problem areas. 4) Flatness: The slab should also be flat to the wood flooring manufacturer’s leading edge to profi ts 1 specifications, usually ⁄8 inch in a 10-foot radius. Mechanical methods for flattening the slab include grinding, bead-blasting a dream to install or abrading. There are many self-leveling concrete compound products on the engineered to last market, as well as patching compounds. The condition of the slab and products you are working with determine which 3-STRIP (JATOBA), BRAZILIAN CHERRY NATURE methods to use. Always check with the flooring adhesive manufacturer to deter- mine what is the best method to flatten the slab with the products you’re using. 5) Moisture: As with plywood and OSB subfloors, moisture testing is one of the most important parts of your installa- tion. Concrete is a porous material and ISO 9001 and can retain moisture and emit moisture ISO 14001 Certifi ed vapor, which could end up in the wood floor above unless the proper precau- Come and See Us at Surfaces tions are taken. (For more on concrete Hall A-D, Booth 2866 subfloors, see “Concrete Facts” in the August/September 2007 issue of Hard- U.S. DISTRIBUTORS wood Floors.) In new construction, the slab should Florstar be given at least 60 days to cure. No mat- Toll-free: 1-800-942-6285 ter if it’s new or old, or on or above Midwest: IL, IA, MI, MN, ND, SD, WI, IN, OH grade, the slab should be thoroughly Denver Hardwood Company tested for moisture before any installation Toll-free: 1-800-274-4144 begins. Common concrete moisture test- Mountain states: CO, WY, NE, KS ing methods include: Rio Grande Flooring Distributors Inc. • Calcium-chloride test (ASTM F- Toll-free: 1-800-825-5696 1869): measures the amount of moisture NM, West TX emitted from a 1,000-square-foot sample of slab surface in 60 to 72 hours. Welco Lumber Corp. • Concrete moisture meter: uses Toll-free: 1-800-999-3526 electrical impedance and electrical resist- Western US: AK, WA, ID, OR, MT, CA, AZ, NV, HI ance to measure moisture in the slab. • Phenolphthalein test: applied CANADIAN DISTRIBUTORS every 200 square feet in a job site. • Relative humidity (RH) tests: Welco Lumber Corp. Toll-free: 1-800-999-3526 measures RH by using either the Insitu BC, AB & Yukon Method (ASTM F-2170) or the RH Hood Method (ASTM F2420). Lamwood Products Inc. For solid wood products, a moisture 44 Woodbine Downs Blvd., Rexdale, ON M9W 5R2 Canada barrier or vapor retarder is typically rec- Tel: 877-526-9663 ommended. These include 6 to 8 mil ON,QC, NL, NS, NB, MB, SK, NT, PE polyethylene film applied over asphalt mastic, 15-pound felt applied over mastic .BSLFUJOH4BMFTtXXXLBSFMJBnPPSTDPN
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3 and various other liquid sealants on the market specifically for wood flooring less than ⁄4 inch thick or solid plank wider than 4 concrete. Always check with the flooring, adhesive and mois- inches requires a wood subfloor over the sleepers. ture barrier manufacturers before installation to ensure that all Whichever method you use for an additional subfloor, allow 3 products and methods you are using are compatible. ⁄4-inch expansion space at the walls and vertical obstructions. 6) Additional subfloors: Depending on the product you’re installing, you may need to install a wood subfloor over the Older Subfloors slab. There are several methods, including: When you’re walking into a remodeling situation, you never • Floating subfloor: There are two common methods for know what you will encounter on the job site. Removing exist- 3 this. The first is to lay two layers of ⁄8-inch plywood over the ing floor covering can reveal many unpleasant surprises such slab without fastening or gluing them to the slab. One layer is as rotten boards, water damage, severe dips or humps, old laid, and the second layer is stapled or glued perpendicularly or adhesive or even mold. That is why it’s important to do a thor- diagonally over the top. The second method is to loose-lay one ough inspection from below from the basement or crawlspace. 3 layer of ⁄4-inch plywood cut into 16-inch planks perpendicularly Common older subfloors include: or diagonally to the direction of the flooring. The panels should • Solid Wood Subfloor. This type of subfloor is common 1 be staggered every 2 feet and spaced ⁄8 inch between ends. on older homes. As with plywood subfloors, if there is move- 5 • Glue-down subfloor: ⁄8-inch plywood panels are glued in ment or squeaks, refasten the subfloor to the joists and set pro- a staggered joint pattern directly to the slab. truding fasteners into the subfloor. The boards should be no 5 • Nail-down subfloor: ⁄8-inch or thicker plywood panels wider than 6 inches and installed on a 45-degree angle. If the 1 are fastened every 12 inches on center and every 6 inches subfloor is not acceptable, it can often be overlaid with ⁄2-inch along the border. plywood. Some wood flooring may not hold sufficiently if • Sleeper (screed) system – Common over radiant heat, installed directly over solid wood subfloors. Engineered or solid 1 this system has 2-by-4s spaced 12 inches apart. Solid strip or strip flooring less than ⁄2-inch thick and parquet flooring may 3 plank can be laid directly over a sleeper system, but engineered need an additional ⁄8-inch layer of plywood installed over these
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