1955 1 :~gNGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 3593 H. R. 5202. A bill for· the reltef of Rt>bett .' , •· "PETITIONS, ETC. .condemning the unlawful occupation of Es th th -~~~!;~d; to e Committee· on e Ju- ~ Under clause·1 of rule XXII, petitions ;tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, etc.; to the -Committee on.Foreign Affairs. By Mr. WALTER: .and, papers·. were laid· on the Clerk's desk ; 173. Also, petition of the president, M. I. S. H. Con. Res. 98. Concurrent resolution ap:. and referred as follows: Veterans, Honolulu, T. H., endorsing fa ·proving the granting of the status 'of per 170. By Mr. O'HARA of Minnesota: Peti ·vorable action on H. R. 588; to the Commit manent residence to certain aliens; to the tion of A. W. Eckblom and 436 others, St. .tee on Veterans' Affairs. Committee on the Judiciary. · - Paul, Minn., favoring the enactment of H. R. _ 174. Also, petition of the manager, Colum H. Con. Res. 99. Concurrent resolution fa · 3087 and H. R. 757; to the Committee on In bus. Chamber of Commerce, Columbus, Ga., voring the granting of the status of perma terstate and Foreign Commerce. ·relative to stating that "rather than focus attention to the tariff 'bogeyman', United nent residence to certain aliens; to the Com ~ 171. By the SPEAKER: Petition of George mittee on the Judiciary. .States foreign-trade policy should recognize L. Eifel and others, Chicago, Ill., relative to the real causes of such world trade money By Mr. LANE: requesting passage of H. R. 3087 and H. R. . H. Res. 193. Resolution providing that the .controls, embargoes .and similar barriers to 757; to the Committee on Interstate and commerc;e that are diverting textiles and .bill, H. R. 2266, and all accompanying papers Foreign Commerce. other essential goods from the peoples and shall be referred to the United States Court . 172. Also, petition of the president, Baltic regions in greatest need"; to the Committee of Claims; to the Committee on the Judiciary. _Student F'ederation, Bronx~ N. Y., relative to ·on Ways and Means.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
Meeting the Communist Menace ' this country the very freedoms which allow ranged from Marxist theory to such more . them to speak and write and act. practical subjects as recruiting party mem• The Communist Party, U. S. A., is like an bers. EXTENSION OF REMARKS iceberg. Only a small part can be seen, but Similarly, proceedings brought before the OF the bulk is beneath the surface. The ex Board of the Department of Justice against posed part of the Communist conspiracy in . the Labor Youth League has hampered Com HON.LEVERETT SALTONSTALL · this country is shrinking but there con munist efforts to recruit members and spread tinues to be much activity beneath the sur OF MASSACHUSETTS hate propaganda among our youth. After face. The members of the Communist Party other lengthy hearings, the Board has or IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES resort to secret meeting places, secret schools, dered the Labor Youth Le.ague to register Wednesday, March 23, 1955 even secret symbols or numbers in place of · with the Attorney General as a Communist names. They use an Aesopian language in front, so the public may know its officers, Mr. SALTONSTALL~ Mr. President, I describing their aims and functions, an ad- · 1ts financial support, and the objects to . ask unanimous consent to have printed -mittedly protective form of expression which which its resources are devoted. in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address mos.t of us consider just plain doubletalk. Evidence shows that the Labor Youth The. Communist Party line has not varied League has never deviated from the Com- entitled "Meeting the Communist Men · much in the past year. The Communists _munist Party line. It can't, because it has ace," delivered by Hon. Herbert Brown still use any available issue or incident to been supported financially and otherwise by ell, Jr., Attorney·General of the United villify the United States and glorify the the Communist Party; persons who directed States, before the Greater Boston Cham Soviet Union. They oppose rearming West and led youth activities of the party became ber of Commerce, in Boston, Mass., on Germany; they advocate admission of Red the leaders and officers of the league. The March 21, 1955. The address is a fine China to the United Nations. At home, the·y evidence showed that these persons were exposition of what his Department and . seek repeal of the Smith Act, the Internal subject to Communist discipline and that Security Act of 1950, and the Communist the league personnel and funds have been the Government are doing with relation Control Act of 1954. They advocate merger devoted consistently to furthering the aims to that problem. of Communist-dominated unions with oth- . of the Communist Party. There beirig no objection, the address . ers affiliated with the CIO or A. F. of L. Meanwhile, we have continued to strike at was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Stress is laid on infiltrating non-Communist . the Communist conspirators with a number as follows: groups to advance Communist objectives, of other legal weapons. Another 250 sub on penetrating basic industries and on re MEETING THE _CoM_MUNIST MENACE . versive aliens have been deported or or cruiting members, particularly Negroes, dered deported since last April 9. Six per _ (Address by HQn. Herbert Brownell, Jr., .At youths, and industrial workers. They have sons have been convicted -Of lying to the torney General of the United States, be attempted to step up Red propaganda. Last Government about their Communist affilia fore the Greater Boston Chamber of Com fall, for example, they distributed more than tions and another six indicted for the same merce, Boston, Mass., on March 21, 1955) half a million copies of a pamphlet carry offense. Four persons were convicted of har Nearly a year ago, at President Eisen- ing the party program. That pamphlet was boring fugitive Communist Party leader Rob hower's request, I reported to the American entitled innocently enough. It was called ert Thompson, who was himself jailed with people on the threat of Communist infiltra . the American Way to Jobs, Peace, and De an extra penalty for jumping bond . tion here at home and what the Federal mocracy• The Smith Act, which makes it a crime to . Government is doing about it. I said that But I can report to you that the Commu advocate the violent overthrow of th,e Gov the menace of communism was very real; nists are having their troubles, too. They ernment, remains a most effective legal that it would be foolhardy to minimize the are not having much luck recruiting, or weapon to strike at the leadership. Nine dangers it posed; that we should not have even maintaining their membership. We party leaders and organizers were convicted exaggerated fears of those dangers; that our know their fund-raising drives are falling at Philadelphia and five others at St. Louis . Government was well aware of them and short. They are hard pressed to keep an . in the past year. Seven were indicted at was meeting them in an orderly and effec active leadership intact and functioning in Denver, eight at New Haven, and eleven in tive way. the face of Government actions. They have Puerto Rico. Four leaders have been appre We have made a great deal of progress in set up their own internal security appa hended on indictments under the member the past year-progress which I shall out ratus to offset infiltration by the FBI. That ship count of the Smith Act. One of these li]le to you . today along with new problems apparatus has not only been ineffectual, it four has become the~first person to be con which have arisen. But it is clear from the has spread fear and distrust ·within Com victed for membership in the party, know ' intelligence information provided to me by munist ranks, and created disorder in party ing that its aim was overthrow of the Gov · the FBI that we cannot ·lower our guard. . communications. The party's schooling pro ernment. He was Claude Lightfoot, of We cannot relax our vigilance. The dan gram is dwindling. Its largest school, the Chicago. gers-even many: of the same problems-still Jefferson School of Social Science in New Lightfoot, as our evidence showed, was exist, because of the very nature of the Com . York, has been disrupted by the Subversive a member and leader of the Communist munist conspiracy. It is a worldwide plot, Activities Control Board hearings. These . Party for 20 years. _In recent years he had directed by scheming, ·ruthless men wb.o have resulted in a recommendation the joined other leaders in the party under would bend the whole world to their selfish : school be required· to register as a Com- gro_und. He was indicted last May 14, ap will. They cannot rest, they cannot suc munist front. prehended by vigilant agents of the FBI ceed, until they have enslaved all the world, The SACB hearing examiner held that the in June, tried and convicted in January, and When repulsed in one area, they try another. . school was established by the Communists sentenced in February to 5 years in jail• When one plot is exposed, ~ey batch an• to teach both Communist ideas and work. At his trial, his own counsel conceded that other. . The school tniste~s have been trusted party . Lightfoot was a member of the party; con The'hard core of Communists in this coun . members.- The Communist organization . ceded that Lightfoot had held offices ranging . try are cast in the same .mold. They are . supplied funds to run the school and pro from local organizer to alternate member of willing to devote their lives to destroying in . vided quotas of studen~s. Instructi~n t:1:1e_ nationa~ commit~ee! the Communists' CI--226 3594 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - HOUSE M·arch 23 · highest governing body. He conceded that of a . disloyal. person · a~d a. single,.act of-': an· . tigation. Communists call . the FBI the · · , ·Lightfoot un:derstands .communism and has indiscreet .employee can do equal dam.age enemy. The . .par.t.y's. . Manual. of,.Organiza taught its meanings in classes. and in writ - to our security. tion; .publishe.d · tn 1935, discussed .how to ings. Lightfoot told students in a. .secret When President Eisenhower took' office, "safeguard the party . organization against · -party school in 1947 that the party would he established the present employee-security stool pigeons" and "how tq expose stool ·pi ·spill blood: if necessary, in carrying ·out its program to carry. out the purposes of: the geons," Those "stool pigeons,"· included any- objective of overthrowing our Government. 1950 law enacted so overwhelmingly by Con , bqdy, who· worked for the FBI, who pr0vided · · ·Two new laws a.re added.deterrents·to .those gress. · As the law" demands; the head of information to the FBI, or who testified, in who would' play ·the Communists' game. ea9h department or agency is made ·respon court against ·the. ,Communist. Party.· Other The fi-rst .of. these is-the so.-called. immunity sible for effective security, within his de articles in Communist publications have re statute. One cl:l,Se under it already is before . partment ~r agency. The order ·req.uires in peated ,this attack year after year. the courts . . It involves William Ul.lman, a vestigation, in varying d~grees, of . all ap A young m.al_l named Harvey Matusow has man ·identified in sworn testimony before pointees to Federal positions.' It establishes become the current'focal point of the attack. a congressional committee as a member of criteria for judging whether ·employment is · Harvey Matusow.testified for the Government a World War II Communist spy ..ring. Ullman consistent with security. It re-quires sus in ·two criminal prosecutions. · He also ap was called, before a grand jury and liefused pension and; after re·view, , .termination ·0f peared before the SACB and before congres ,to. testify, --Under ·.the -new law, -a Feder-al employment of those deemed, security risks. sional committees, . judge was. asked . to. gtant -·. him immunity And, . right here, let -me quote a little . of Matusow.now claims that virtually every from self-incrimination and order· him to Public Law 733. It says: . thing hl;l said in those appearances was a lie. testify. The Judge did so, but Ullman per "To the exteµt that such agericy head The Departmerit of Justice, 2 Federal sisted in his,· refusal. The judge sentenced determines . 'that the interests of the . na courts, a grand -jury and a Senate committee hini to 6 ·months in j-au ·- for •contempt of ·tional -security permit,. the . employee·· con have been investigating and 1 case has court. Ullman has served notice of appeal. cerned shall be notified of the reasons for come to a conclusion· which I believe is well The second . tool comes in the Communist his .suspension and within . 30,1 days after wortJ:i reporting today. .. Control Act of 195.4. . It utilizes· machinery such notification any such person shall have · Fourteen. months ago, Clinton E: Jencks, o:t: the ~ubversive Activities Control Board to an opportunity . to submit _any statements anpfficial of ~he international Vnion of Mine, determine ,if Communists have subverted a or affigavits to the official d~_sign;=tted by . Mill, and Smelter .Workers, was convicted of legitimate business or labor organiza tion the head of the agency concerned to show filing a false a,'ffidavit to the National Labor and to enable members to free themselves why he should be reinstated or restored to . Relations Board in that he denied being a from such domination. · duty. member of the Communist Party. Seven It is no secret that the Department of "The ·agency head concerned may, follow witnesses, including Matusow, testified con Justice is reviewing and updating files on ing such investigation and rev.iew as he deems. cerning Jenck's Communist connections. various unions which were thrown out of necessary, terminate the employment of such Jencks l_limself, when confronted with Matu. the CIO some time ago on the ground that suspended ci_vilian officer or emp\oyee whe~ sow's testimony by a Senate committee, in- they had fallen under Communist· domina ever he shall determine such termination . voked the fifth amendment and to this day tion. When those reviews are complete, we necessary or advisable in the interest of the has not denied, under oath, any of Matusow's will bring whatever proceedings are war national security of the United States, and testimony. ranted by current facts. such determination by the agency head con Despite this,- Matusow filed an affidavit in Meanwhile, some of the unions which cerned shall be conclusive and final." the United States district court at El Paso, might be involved have made moves to do The law, an!l the machinery under the Tex., where Jencks was convicted. Matusow 1 or more of 3 things: order, provide . for written statements of. claimed in that affidavit that his original tes 1. Take action to cleanse themselvei:; of charges to suspended employees, an oppor timony was talse. Jencks simultaneously Communist domination, which .is exactly tunity _for them to answer, a hearing upon filed a motion for a new trial, based on the what Congress wants them to do. the employee's request, a ·review" of the case affidavit. 2: Attempt to conceal such domination. by the agency head or his representative, -District Judge Robert E. Thomason, who 3. Seek affiliation wi-th other unions which and· a written statement of final decision. had presided over the original trial, held which are members of the A. F. of L. or CIO An example of the · effectiveness of the hearings for a week on the Jencks' motion. and thus gain exemption from the act. This, employee security program is the case of . Presented in evidence at the hearing was recall, is one of the new facets of the Com Joseph Sidney Petersen, Jr. He was a a _tape recording made by the publisher of munist line and responsible leaders of the trusted employee of the National Security Matusow's recent book of a conversation be major unions have warned their member Agency, one of our most sensitive agencies. tween himself and Matusow. In that con unions to look very cautiously at such affilia In the course of a security check, allegations versation, Matusow declared .of his original tion proposals and to insist on certain safe arose which could have led to his dismissal testimony: guards to insure that they will not be allow under the Executive order. In the ensuing "I knew Jencks was a party member and ing themselves to be infiltrated through investigation, information was obtained in I said so." affiliation. ... dicating Petersen might have illegally in his Then Matusow added: Perhaps ,the heaviesti- blow which this ad possession certain highly classified docu- "I can't say here that Jencks wasn't a party ministration has dealt the Communist con . ments. Under the order, the investigation member after he signed the affidavit (to the spiracy has been to dry up sources and po immediately was referred to the FBI. Peter NLRB) because I know that he was." tential sources of information in Govern sen admitted having stored such documents And yet Matusow went into court and ment, to virtually eliminate the opportunity in his apartment, where they were recovered, tried to convince the Judge that Jencks was of setting up a fifth column within the Gov and also admitted furnishing contents of the not a Communist. Evidence also showed ernment. This has been done by establish documents to representatives of another that the original book outline prepared by ing a realistic employee security program. government. He was arrested and indicted · Matusow did not even mention Jencks, the The Civil Service Act of 1912 established on three counts of the espionage laws. He El Paso tr.ial or false testimony in any crim minimum procedures for dismissal of per finally entered a plea of guilty to one count inal prosecution. The Government showed manent employees for the good of the serv and was sentenced to 7 years in prison. that material prepared by Matusow differed ice, but left much discretion to agency The tremendous job of checking the markedly with the finally published version heads. · 2,300,000 Federal workers is almost com in other respects arid that the mine-mill During the early years of World War II pleted. Ahead, then, the big task will be union of which Jencks was an official ad several attempts were made by Congress to only to screen applicants for Government vanced several thousand.dollars to the pub obtain better security precautions in the jobs. This administration is dedicated to a lishing house in connection with the book, executive branch. Summary removal powers policy not only of getting security risks out some of which iri turn was advanced to for national security purposes were enacted of Government, but also we propose to keep Matusow, before and after he signed his late in 1942. them . out of the Government as long as we affidavit claiming he had lied. . . Then, in 1947, Executive Order 9835 in are in office. Judge Thomason denied a new trial, stat itiated an employee loyalty program. But As a result of all this progress in the fight Ing that "there has been nothing developed" only when an employee was held to be cur against communism, resulting from our new in the hearing "in the way of evidence or rently disloyal was any action generally taken Internal Security Division under Assistant testimony that has caused the Court to have under that order until 1951 when it was Attorney General William .F. Tompkins, the any doubt" that Jencks was guilty as broadened to include reasonable doubt of Communists themselves have recently made charged. an employee's loyalty. It made · no · allow a major shift in the emphasis they place on The judge then ordered Matusow before ance for the fact a person might be a risk their various programs.. It is becoming in him and declared: to our national security even though his creasingly clear that the current violent at "By recanting your former testimony, loyalty was unassailable. tack against Government witnesses and given in this court, which I believe in. sub Congress, in 1950, passed Public Law 733, against the FBI's confidential sources of in stance was true, you have, in my opinion, after pointing out that persons subject to formation has many of its roots in a. Com deliberately, designedly, and maliciously' at blackmail, those who talked too much and munist effort to stem the successful cam- -tempted to obstruct .the justtce of this those with unsatisfactor·y associations or ' paign against subversion. court." habits, could constitute a serious ~ecurity The Communist Party has sought for years Judge Thomason found Matusow in c·on danger as well as traitors. During hearings, to uncover, to ·smear, to destroy the inform- · tempt of court. Last . Wednesday, 'he sen one high official testified that a -single act ant system of the Federal Bureau of Inves- tenced Matusow to 3 years in Jail. I think 1955 3595 the statement Judge - Thomason made at as to his part in tiie ~alter. Sir Win_ · ·sir Winston's distaste for the whole affair, that time sums up that phase of the Matu stcm informed the Commons that on ·obvious to anyone in the Commons, was sow case -as well as is possible at ·this time. February 11 the British Government had heightened by news that the words "Traitor Let me read it to .you: · . of ¥alta," had -been scrawled across the base "I am firmly° convinced from the evidence been inform_ed by the D~partment of of the statue of President Roosevelt in of the witnesses, including that of Matusow, State that our Government had decided Grosvenor Square. · not only that the evidence offered, in sup not to publish the documents. Four The writing was in red oxide paint, and, port of the motion, . is not worthy of belie~. days later, the Prime Minister said, "we ·according to officfal of the Ministry of Works, but that Matusow alone or with others, will were · told publication could not" be· re:. it may do irreparable harm. · fully and nefariously and for the purpose sisted any longei.-.". The statue was erecJ;ed as a memorial to of defrauding this court and. subverting the I submit that being told that publica Roosevelt "as a great war leader, a great man true course of the administration of justic_e tion could be resisted no longer is vastly of peace, and a great citizen of the world." and obstructing justice, schemed to and It was unveiled by Mrs. Roosevelt in Aprtl actually used this court of law as a forum different from being asked to agree to 1948 in the presence of King George VI and for the purpose of calling public attention publication. Queen Elizabeth, the present Queen Mother. to a book, purportedly written by Matusow, It must have come as something of a . At the time of the Yalta conference, entitled 'False Witness.' · shock to the British Prime Minister to Churchill doubted the wisdom of Roosevelt's "This court finds the fact to be that as learn later than the State Department policies, and he does today. But these early as September 21, 1954, responsible offi had been forced to release the Yalta doc doubts do not outweigh in his mind the debt cials of the IUMMSW under the guise of uments because·. this same State Depart of gratitude owed to Roosevelt for .his help in seeking evidence in Jencks' behalf, subsidized .ment had deliberately leaked the full 1940 and 1941. the writing and publication of this book by text of the documents to the New York Although there is much criticism of the aut horizing the expenditure of union funds issuance of the Yalta documents there is for that purpose. This at a time when, from Times. little of Roosevelt in this country. The de the evidence, Matusow had no intention of This; it seems to me, is duplicity com facing of the statue introduced a note of writing any such book as was here exhibited pounded. And when the victim of this blind hatred that is alien to public opinion or of changing his testimony given in the duplicity happens to be our most im here. J encks trial. · I find that this subsidization portant ally, it .becomes all the more The Prime Minister gave the Commons a was deliberately done the more easily to ·shocking. detailed account of the exchanges between persuade Matusow to lend himself to the I ask that the full text of the article his government and the administration in perpetration of a fraud on this court by in the New York Times be printed in the Washington about the Yalta documents . . means of the filing of his recanting affidp.vit RECORD. These began last summer when the British and his testimony given herein. I find that There being no objection, the article were informed of the administration's wish Matusow willfully and with full knowledge .to publish papers relating to the big power of the consequences, lent himself to this was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, conferences at Yalta and Potsdam and the evil scheme for money and for notoriety. as follows: United States-British meeting at Malta that "It is my firm conviction, moreover, that CHURCHILL CHIDES UNITED STATES ON YALTA preceded the Yalta Conference. this hearing was deliberately brought on CASE--SAYS PUBLICATION OF PAPERS WAS GALLEY PROOFS SENT TO BRITISH for the purpose of attacking the judgment UNTIMELY-VANDALS SMEAR ROOSEVELT of this court, attacking the Federal Bureau STATUE The British received galley proofs of the of Investigation and the Justice Department, (By Drew Middleton) Yalta documents in December. But Sir in a carefully_ thought out scheme to gen LONDON, March 22.-The United States Winston said sharply it was not the duty of erally discredit by these means the testi Government changed its mind over the un the British Prime Minister or his Foreign mony of undercover agents and former Com timely publication of the Yalta Conference Secretary to read through such a vast amount munist Party members who give evidence documents, Price Minister Churchill told the of material about the past. against the Communist Party of the United House of Commons today. · 'lI was consulted on a few points of detail," St ates and its adherents. Matusow, by his The British Government was informed Sir Winston. conceded. action, conduct, and testimony, had, and March 11 that the administration in Wash Sir Anthony Eden, the Foreign Secretary, done in my presence during this period, ob ington had decided not to publish its record with the Prime Minister's ag-reement, sent a viously made an effort to convert these pro of the Three-Power meeting, Sir Winston message to Washington deprecating on gen ceedings into a trial of the Department· of said. Four days later "we were told publica eral grounds a detailed record of important Justice rather than of the issues before this tion could not be resisted any longer," he international documents being published so Gourt. Nothing that .Matusow has offered .added. soon after the event . in his defense has persuaded me otherwise.'' The concern of both the Conservative and The Foreign Secretary told Secretary ·Of As you see, while the fight against com Labor-members o:f Parliament over the pub State Dulles, January 12, that while he did munism goes on, the tactics of these dia lication of the Yalta papers was emphasized not suggest the abandonment of publication bolical conspirators change. But the im by the cries of astonishment and dismay that he thought it most undesirable at present, portant thing is that we are .making great greeted Sir Winston's statement. the Prime Minister added. progress in our fight against them. In the view of Government and opposition "On March 11 the United States Govern spokesmen, the release of the papers may ment informed us they had decided not to prevent a meeting between the Soviet Union publish," Sir Winston continued. "But on and the Western powers. By giving the Rus March· 15 we were told publication could Release of ~he Yalta Papers sians a pretext to make the proposed meet not be resisted any longer. Twenty-four ing a platform for their propaganda, publi hours later it occurred. cation of the Yalta documents may impede "The British Government has not decided EXTENSION OF REMARKS any real progress toward a relaxation of the whether to publish its own reports of plenary OF tension· between the East and West, these meetings and the foreign ministers confer sources say. ences at Yalta," Sir Winston declared. "These HON. ·ESTES KEFAUVER · BRITISH PUBLICATION OPPOSED reports are being carefully examined to see OF TENNESSEE British· opinion In: the highest circles is whether publication is. necessary," he added. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES opposed to the publication by this country The Prime Minister eaid that, although Wednesday, March 23, 1955 of its record of the Yalta meeting. These in his opinion the British representatives- sources are critical of the United States plans that is he and Sir Anthony--came out of Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, in to release the minutes of the Potsdam and the Yalta report very well, this dig. not alter the New York Times of today there ap Teheran conferences. his conviction that publication was un pears a most revealing story by Drew "Where wJll publication end?" a senior timely. Middleton ·as to the manner in which British official inquired today. Taxed by a Laborite member about a re "Won't the Republicans now ask for the mark attributed to him in the documents the State Department dealt with the minutes of the secret sessions of the Coun to the effect that he did not like the Poles, British Government in regard to the re cil of Foreign Ministers since the war and if Sir Winston said he did not remember hav iease of the Yalta papers. these provide no ammunition for the min ing made any .such remark and "if so, it It has been said here that Sir Winston utes of all other meetings we have held with J;D.ust have been completely out of context.'' Churchill reluctantly and finally agreed the Russians or even among ourselves? Anyone who cares to read the documents to the publication of these documents. "Do they really believe in Washington that can see how "again and again I fought for If Mr. Middleto11-'s di~patch is accurate, the United States can negotiate with any the interests and rights of Poland at Yalta and we can hardly doubt that it-is, we country successfully if . everything said in and Potsdam," Sir Winston asserted. private meetings is to be thrown open to Clement R. Attlee, opposition leader, asked are forced to place a new interpreta public?" the source added. Sir Winston to negotiate an agreement with tion on the word ''agreement." . The British policy, as put forward by one 1;.he :United States to prevent the release of Mr. Middleton refers to revelations by of the Nation's most respected states~en, is: · documents on future international mee.t Sir· W-inston in the House of Commons 'Open' covenants secretly arrived at. ings. 3596 CONGllESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 23· Sir Winston replied that the Yalta doCU• I think we are proud of our ancestry, but side while vast parts of the Nation live in ments might have been influenced by ~ci we really did not come here tonig)J.t just to misery. . dental circumstances and their release glory in it. I do not think the true Ameri But to know all this he ·would have needed should not be Judged as definite :United can lives or wants to live in the shadow of faith, faith in the ideals of America and States policy• . his forebears. I say to you tonight as I faith in the upward thrust of the American Other ministers and senior civil servants would say to any American worthy of his people toward the realization of those ideals. fear the United States Government, at the citizenship: "Never :mind who your grand He would have needed faith, not just faith in request of the Republican right-wing Sen: parents were-that does not prove you are the Colonies as they were at the time of the a.tors, will continue to issue documents on a good American. Think of what your Revolution, but faith in America for what international conferences. They believe that, grandchildren will be-there is the test of she would become if enough Americans had as a result, the prospects of talks with the your Americanism. You have earned no faith. Soviet Union or any sort of serious diplo credit for your grandparents, for who can When you stop to think of it, wasn't this matic negotiation will be reduced. choose his ancestors? B~t you do have it just what St. Patrick started going in Ire in your power to deserve credit for your land? Isn't this the Irish spirit? This was grandchildren. the Irish spirit--and this is the American I cannot help but think of the great faith spirit, Address Hon. Pat McNamara, of Mich of the men and women who put their im So it seems to me that the lesson of this by print on America, and through America-on day for all of us may well be-that America . igan, to the Friendly Sons of St. the world of today and o:f tomorrow. They is a land in the ma.king. That America. will were prophets, as was St. Patrick, who always be a. land in the making. A land in Patrick transformed a hundred pagan tribes into a which the noblest flowering of the human great people. You know, we often misun spirit will find finer expression than ever EXTENSION OF REMARKS derstand the function of the prophet. The before. A land with a constant challenge- true prophet is not one who foretells the the challenge of better living and a meas OF futur,e as by magic or through a. cry~tal ure of basic · security for more and more ball. The prophet i~ not. the man whp fore people; the challenge of translating into real HON. JOSEPH C. O'MAHONEY tells the future-he is the man who makes ity the teaching of all the saints whose des OF WYOMING the future. tiny it has been and always will be, to mold It is easy to have the gift of hindsight. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES a better W?rld. And the greatest challenge Who among us is not.sure that, listening to of all-the challenge of that great faith in Wednesday, March 23, 1955 a St. Patrick, he would have forsaken the mankind; which; as age follows age, ham heathen idols of his fathers and embraced mers the world into the prophetic concept Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, the the true faith? Who among us is not sure of the Kingqom of God. Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, of Rhode that, faced with the challenge. of the Revolu My friends-this is my reply to the toast Island, had the rare privilege and oppor tion he would have rallied to the call of the to the United States: Let us strive to make tunity on St. Patrick's Day of hearing a continental Congress and offered his lif'e the wor~d all the things our hearts desire. speech by the distinguished junior Sen that a new nation might be born? ator from Michigan [Mr. McNAMARA], But let us consider the times and the circumstances of the rebellion.which brought who now occupies the chair, and thus forth the United States of A:merica. If you is presiding over the Senate at this mo or I had then lived, could anyone have· New. Stor.y ~f Masaryk's Fall Again ment. I ask unanimous. consent that blamed us if we had said: . What kind of the speech made by· him on .that occa~ delusion a.re you trying to sell the. colo Denies. Suicide Version sion be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL nists? You are asking them to rebel against RECORD, because ·of the rare vision and constituted authority for the pursuit of life, EXTENSION OF REMARKS spirit of propnecy and understanding it liberty, happiness, democracy, and equality. OF displays. But is it ·equality whi_ch denies the vote to anyone who is not a property owner?.. Is _lt . tlON. DANIEL J. .FLOOD . · · There-being·no objection, the address democra9y which denies to t:tie women. of · was ordered to be printed iri the RECORD, America the right to vot~? Is 11;, liberty wl_lic:q OF PENNSYLVANIA as follows: · denies the slave or the bandsman ,the right tq IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES .ADDRESS BY SEN~TOR PAT McNAMARA, B~FORE be free? Is it life or happiness w:q~ch ' con-. · ·' Wed~esday, March 23~ 19.55 · · THE FRIENDLY SONS OF ST. PATRICK, PROVI• celves it to be the duty ,of g?ver~ment to DEN~E, R. I., MARCH 17, 1955 stand aside while the strong devour the Mr. ~OOD. Mr. Speal,cer, on March I feel truly privileged to have been chosen weak? · · · · 20, _1955, the Baltimqre Sun published to reply to the toast to the ·un1ted States. Such questions would have qe~n ;tio~est a remarkable story about the death of Ancl ·to respond' to that particular toast here questions. They would have been pertfnent Jan Masaryk,. in wnich the Communist in Rhode Islan~ is a real challenge, for it was questions in that day. Indeed, we a.re ~till v.e.rsion. of Masaryk's suicide was denied in these parts that so much of American in the process of finding the answers to some according to a new evidenc.e which came history was made. of these questions. ' . · . . · _ , I pride myself on the fact that I was born But if one knew enough a.bout the· Amer from the intelligence sources of the . and grew to manhood in.New England. And ican people-11 one were wise en~t;I~li to· r~al · 'Slovak Underground. I am made happy by the fa.ct that today, as ize that America. was more than just the de ·, · In the cold war which· is being waged · a Senator for the State of Michigan, I feel fined quantity-if one understood the yearn between the East and West the under myself at home, really at home, whether I ings of the American people,. the silent groun~ intelligence is to us of inesti · ani ~n -~ic}:ligan · or here; · Maybe I should philosopl;ly of the Catholic, :the i:rc;,tei:;t~n:t, ,._iri.'a;ble value. · Due to its'· day-·by-day ., add, at. this point, that. if ever . I feel as the Jew, the ,longings of th~ ?'iegrp apd .~e . knowledge of what. the Communists did . mu~h, a.t,home in ,Washlngton .as Id? here, ,. white,.~l_le worker a~d .. the fa.rn:>,er, ,he.would. why, th.at really will be semething. p.::i,ve anticipated the answer to these ques- in:the past·or what the Communists are · We have .come here tonight .to honor the tions. . . · doing and planning· now/ it ·serves us land· of our fathers and the patron saint He would have known that in every society, the people of the. West and many time~ whose kindness a.nci wisdom shone like a 1¥> . in every individual, there is a gap be ·it gives us an efficient -weapon or instru:-' beacon 'light through tb,e pii,gan atrµosplie~e. tw,e~n. t~e self-expressed ~deal ;an(J the reaHty. .iµe11t ~o refute the big Communis~ lie. of early .Irel~d. .;rt. was the good st. Patrick He would have known that 'progx:ess ls .the Wo~ld. we stippor.t ·the underground -in . who.s~ .deeds and ~xa.mple have done so much process of closing· that gap. . He w:ould .have . . tellig~nce ·more ·rully it could very well to make the Irish into the militantly kindly k.nown that within a few years the franchise be one of .the decisive factors in p·re pe?ple that one · assocfa'j;es with Ireland. I would be extended to. all me~. . _He . would do not know whether I have the skiil or any have known that four score years after the servi~g freedom and ·peace in our world: one else has the insight to put into words Declaration of Independence a. bitter and Reds comes from various sources. It is the deep feelings that move us on St. Pat bloody civil war would be fought to free only at the end of -the line that all bits rick's Day. It might sound a little like a' slaves. He would have known that a century of information are pieced together into paradox if put into words-at least, it might and a quarter after the ad<:>ptlon of the Con a comprehensive picture and then coor to anyone wlio has no Irish blood. But any stitution women would get their vote. He dinated and evaluated. This is necessary way, let me say it plainly-we all !eel some• would have known that the time would come because the· underground intelligence is how that what is truly Irish is truly Amert-· through a century and a half of slow prog can. · I am sure we don't feel that this is ress after the Revolution that first one great not one, but several networks which work Just an accident of history• .. I . think we feel· political party, and then by precept and independeJ:l,tly. In the· Slovak under that America is good fruit of the Irish spirit example another great political party, would ground intelligence, certainly one of the just as the Irish spirit has always had in it accept the idea that it is not the proper best· behind the Iron Curtain, there ·are a yearning o! which America is the best role o! government just to act as an um some networks whose operations were expr~~ion. · · pire,· or to stand with !olded hands at one :-- t ' • • ! ~ ,~ · • ~ ; ' r ,• ., " -. :conducted 'Jit~· the neatness and finesse 1955 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD- HOUSE 3597 of a highly.successful and well-organized Czech, he was born near the edge of Slo ''If they meant what they said, they have group. Their deep knowledge of every vak;ia and, beside speaking a dialect close committed a despicable act of national self thing connected · with the Communist to Slovak, was so sympathetic as to be called abasement. the lonely Slovak at Prague. "They have committed it in their desire domination of their homeland · makes The gist of Krajcovic's report ls that the to kowtow before the Kremlin and to these networks or the men who head. younger Masaryk did not commit suicide inveigle the young generation by painting them an asset on our side of that cold but, instead, was "killed ·by a Major Sram." the Masaryk republic in the blackest black war. One such network was that of Dr. of the Communists' State S~curity Police and the Communist era in the purest white.'~ Michal Zibrin or that of Col. J. Muran, and that Sram was "himself liquidated" The 5,250-word study, from which the and more recently the group headed by 2 months later. The report, relayed from a above is quoted and which is attributable Capt. M. Baar or the one of Col Jan spot on the Iron curtain's fringe, is the work, only to American authorities, undertakes Krajcovic attested, of two of his commit to dissect and disprove seriatim ea.ch charge Bukar. It is safe to mention at least tee's "experts on Communist methods." the official Communist publication has made these few as concrete examples because Most of its circumstantial details are of in derogation of the Masaryk who, born in the Reds in their native Slovakia know a physiological and unprintable nature. 1850, died in 1937. about them and it cannot harm them TESTIFIED FOR UNITED STATES COMMITI'EE . Opining that "Masaryk's American con any more since other Slovak patriots are nection may have heightened the desir Krajcovic identified the reports' authors ability of removing him from his pedestal, carrying on the work started by these as Col. Jan Bukar, who testified before a active opponents of communism. literally and. figuratively," it notes that "he congressional committee here in May, 1953, married an American girl and used her The denial of Masaryk's suicide pub and Stefan G. Lukats, who, he said, is now maiden name-Garrique-as his middle lished by the B_altiniore . Sun is a good in Munich but coming to Washington next name" and adds: "The hate-America cam illustration of the value of the under month. paign in the Soviet world has thus engulfed ground intelligence. Knowing the truth According to their report, a Dr. Teply, the even a Czech hero because of his relatives." about Masaryk's death is not only im first police surgeon to reach the spot where Masaryk's bOdy lay, made findings that con portant to us here in the West, but more troverted those of a Dr. Hajek, who performed so to those who are still oppressed, be the subsequent autopsy on which the com cause knowing the truth gives them one munists' suicide charge was based. Newsprint From Bagasse more reason to defy their masters who The Bukar-Lukats report says Dr. Teply deprived .them not only of freedom and found that Masaryk had died hours before EXTENSION OF REMARKS prosperity, but who--for obvious rea the 6 a. m., discovery of his body plus multi son-perverted even the meaning of the ple evidence that he had not Jumped from a OF palace window but, instead, had been cling truth itself. ing desperately to its ledge before he finally HON. EDWIN E. WILLIS The artic~e _referred to is as follows: fell, feet first, to the ground. OF LOUISIANA NEW STORY OF MASARYK'S FALL AGAIN DENIES DOCTOR CALLED SUICIDE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUICIDE VERSION It also says that Dr. Teply stuck by his Wednesday, March 23, 1955 WASHINGTON, March 19,-0n this ninth an findings in opposition to the Communist niversary of Jan Masaryk's death a local out verdict and committed suicide on Christ• Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I take this post in Czechoslovakia's anti-Communist mas, 1948. opportunity to hail a new era in the in underground released today a new version It · adds that Dr. Hajek, who underwrote dustrial development of Louisiana and in of it, contesting the Prague regime's report the Communist verdict, had previously been the production and processing of sugar of suicide. imprisoned· by the Russians for serving the Almost simultaneously, American author Nazis on the international commission they cane, one of our major crops. ities here made available a study of how organized to investigate the so-called Katyn As Representative in Congress from the Communists, having got rid of Czecho massacre of Polish officers by the U. S. S. R. Louisiana's famed Sugar Belt, I am par slovakia's last anti-Communist Foreign Min The Bukar-Lukats report asserts, in addi ticularly pleased to call attention to the ister, have since been striving to eradicate tion, that whereas other Communist om-· fact that 25 weekly and daily newspapers both him and his father, the late Thomas cials hastily summoned to the Masaryk death. in my home State recently joined in is G. Masaryk, from the memories of Czecho scene were so roughly clothed as to indicate. suing their publications on newsprint slovak peoples. they had been roused from bed, Vlado Clem made from bagasse, heretofore generally This has involved them in, among other entis, who was Masaryk's deputy and became things, a repudiation of pledges they made his successor as foreign minister, showed up. considered a waste product of the sugar immediately after their February 25, 1948, not only promptly but impeccably dressed. mills, but which now offers unlimited coup d'etat, the study showed. possibilities. SAYS CALLS WERE TRANSFERRED MASARYK'S STATE The Valentine Pulp & Paper Co.'s It assertes, too, that Clementis, who was La., It noted that shortly th.ereafter-on the later involved in the Slansky espionage trial plant at Lockport, becomes the first 98th anniversary of the elder Masaryk's and executed by his Communist confreres, in the world to use both the pith and the birth.:_the late Klement Gottwald, then had ordered all Masaryk's calls transferred fiber of sugarcane to make paper. This premier of the Communist regime, laid a to him during the night that ended in outstanding achievement climaxes a re wreath on the grave of the Czechoslovak Re Masaryk's death. · · search and experimental program which public's founder and Vice Premier Nejedly, The foreign ministry's day book showed Valentine began in the 1930's and which also a. Communist, broadcast-on that same that~ the report says. has been watched ·with intense interest occasion this assurance to the Czechoslovaks: The study by American authorities of how by the publishers of newspapers and the "Today's republic is Masaryk's state and, the Communists have been going about in regard to safeguarding his great_ libera eradicating memories of Masaryk among printing industry as a whole. tion, it · is even much more protected now their subjects links· their efforts to the In addition to the new product, the than before. • • • If anyone claims that U. s. S. R.'s "hate Americans" campaign and Valentine plant produces fine writing the present people's democracy is not Mas: notes that those efforts extend to more than paper, book paper, mimeograph paper, aryk's, it is an insult • • • to Masaryk, the tearing : down all statues commemorative and tablet paper. A large part of the founder of this state and one of the last of "Masaryk's state."· ' company's output is ·sold to the United great democrats of the Old World." ELDER MASARYK ACCUSED States Government. The $4 ½ million NO SUCH CEREMONIES NOW · They have extended, instead, the study facility at Lockpar~ was completed last There were no similar ceremonies in honor says, to the issuance of a book Masaryk's year. of the elder Masaryk this month and none Antipopular Policies, in which the Czecho Having been in close touch with the in honor of his son who was found dead slovak Republic's first President is accused progress of the research and experimen beneath the .windows of his suite in 'Prague of: tal program, I am especially pleased and 12 days after his father's rites in 1948. 1. Plotting to murder Lenin. The only comparable event the Commu 2. Warmongering against the U. S. S. R . . gratified over the successful culmination nist regime has celebrated was the second 3. Selling his country to American, Eng . of the efforts expended by those who anniversary on March 14 of the qeath of. lish, · and French imperialism. have worked so-hard to make the produc Gottwald, billed· in its memorial preach 4. Wallowing in a mud of lies, larceny, tion of paper from bagasse a reality. ments as our first workers' president. and .cor.ruption. The action of 25 newspapers in using the Tlie new account of how the younger Mas ''Documents allegedly .found in Masaryk's newsprint obtained in this process is a. aryk died was ma.de available by V. Stefan archives are published to back the charges, fitting tribute to those who -have pio Krajcovic,·. local representative . of the·. Na• but," the study says, "they are so flimsy neered in · this moveinerit, well as a ttonal Committee for Liberatio:p. of Slovakia• . as to suggest that those responsible for. as Slo:v.aks have a special Jntere.st in the \l;he. book may have, bad in mind sabotaging practical 'demonsti-.ation of the project's Masaryka, for, though Masaryk pere was a the endeavor. value. 3598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--- · HOUSE March· 23 . The successful use of · bagasse in the bagasse, less than 40 percent of which - . This significant· announcement means that production of newsprint is of tremen:. is now used for industrial purposes. _. · at,_ long last a byproduct. of the principal dous and vital importance to the sugar The paper mill at Valentine ~mp_loys ·crop grown in southern Louisiana Js' being put to use- for the. manufacture of one of the cane industry which centers in the Third 180 persons. :puring the ·regular harv~st most important. commodities consumed in a Congressional Distric_t of Lou\siana-the season an additional 200 persons are free. country. Over ·one-half of the . 700,000 Sugar Bowl. This development has employed in the sugar factory, tons of bone-dry bagasse that has been pro brought enthusiastic comment from pub To me the brightest and most im duced in the State has largely gone to waste. lic officials and leaders in the industry portant aspects of this new industry are Now it is· going into -newsprint and other who see a far-reaching effect on the twofold. First, it was conceived, devel paper products to help .to satisfy the needs future welfare of this phase of agricul oped and financed through private of a dynamic, growip.g. popu~ation. There are many far-reaching aspects to ture and upon the economy of the entire sources under our system of free enter this official announcement. For one thing, State of Louisiana. prise. And second, this new outlet for it means that now the sugarcane farmer will The fine plant at Lockport was con bagasse, a by-product of sugarcane, is be growing. a crop that will be used in its structed. and engineered by Brown & an argument which speaks with more entirety. It marks the beginning of an era Root, Inc., of Houston, Tex. The Val force than mere words in favor of the when year-around employment will be real entine Pulp & Paper Co. was formed adoption of an amendment to the Sugar ized in the cane patch, supplanting the un by Brown & Root, and the Valite Act . to increase the mainland· area certainty of the seasonal cane grip.ding. The Corp. of Lockport and New Orleans. Valentine properties at Lockport substan sugarcane quota. tiate this statement. Tiie new paper mill Will J. Gibbens, Jr., · president of Elsewhere in today's RECORD I have ex adjoins the sugar factory, canefields, and re the · corporation, has been a pioneer posed the propaganda by paid Cuban search department of the .company. There in the utilization of bagasse in the manu minded lobbyists who would deprive our are jobs to be had in the sugar Il!ill and the facture of a variety of products. For domestic sugar industry of the right to a t,.elds and in the laboratory, and now ·there instance, Valite produces industrial syn fair share of our expanding domestic su are 180 more men and women employed in thetic resins from bagasse. These resins gar market, due to yearly population -in the paper mill. . are widely used by the major domestic crease. No ·one should hesitate to en This has resulted in a 'b.oom in· the Lock phonograph record companies and are port community and throughout the parish courage an industry which has shown of LaFourche. A big new housing develop-. used in Europe, Australia, and South not only willingness but ability to in ment is now .going into Lockport, and the America. · crease and expand its efficiency;: and to new - payrolls will mean ·new families and Board members of the new paper com those who put out such propaganda; I new homes and a higher standard of .living pany are Mr. Gibbens and T. M. Barker, say, "Look at the new plant at Valen and a bigger and better ·town. the latter of Lockport; Herman Brown, tine and think twice before you presume What the smokestacks of Valentine have George R. Brown and Herbert J. Frens to speak against the best interests of our done for that area will be accomplished ley, .all of Houston. The executive vice thro.ugbout .the sugarcane-growing pa1·t of farmers." · the State just as sure as night follows day. president and general manager of the The Louisiana newspapers which have St. Mary and· her sister parishes are bound company is W. A. Zonner, a nationally so well demonstrated the value of to benefit from this program. known and· widely experienced figure in bagasse -newsprint by printing on this This is. a rich and diversified agricultural paper-mill operations. W. L. Hendrix, product include the Abbeville Meridional, area but cane Ls king in the land . . The. formerly general superintendent of Herty Bastrop Daily Enterprise, Bunkie Record, farmer can · grow sugarcane better than . he Laborator-y· in Savannah, is general su Clinton Citizen-Watchman, Coif ax can grow· any other kind of crop. He has· perintendent. Consulting engineers are proven this for over a. century now, over Chronicle, Coushatta Citizen, Denham coming ·every concei'Vable type of "obsta
MARTIN, Hon. THOMAS E.: ' McEvoy, J. P.: (80th Cong., 1st sess.), volume 93, part 11, The Atomic .Bomb and the Isthmian .ca Panama Canal: Our Most Insecure Out- page A2597. nals. Extension of remarks quoting an arti post. Readers• Digest (Pleasantville, N. Y.), The Panama Canal. Extension of remarks cle by Lt. Gen. Leslie R. Groves in Cosmo volume 64 (March _1954), page 91. quoting a radio address of Hon. Fred Brad- politan, January 1949. CONGRESSIONAL . REC• Same. Daily CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (83d ley, March 31, 1947. - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume 95, part Cong., 2d sess.), March 5, 1954, page Al778. · (80th Cong., 1st sess.), volume 93, part 11, 12, page Al69. Potts, Hon: David M.: page A2632. The Atomic Bomb and ·the Panama Canal. The Panama Canal in the Atomic Age; What of the Panama Canal? Address be- Extension of remarks quoting an article by Radio address over the American Broadcast- fore the Cosmos Club of Washington, D. C., Maj. Gen. C. F. Robinson in the Military ing Co. network on December 8, 1947. CON- April 19, 1948. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (80th Engineer, January-February 1949. CONGRES GRESSIONAL RECORD (80th Cong., 1st sess.), Cong., 2d sess.), volume 94, part 10, page SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume volume 93, part 13, page A4682. A2449. 95, part 12, page A755. Defense of the Panama Canal. Radio ad_. The Whys of the Panama Canal. Address The Panama Canal and Nuclear Weapons. dress over WMCA in New York City on De- before the Engineers Club of Washington, Extension of remarks quoting an article by cember 27, 1947. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD D. c., February 24, 1949. CONGRESSIONAL Lt . Col. A. W. Betts in the Military Engineer, (80th Cong., 2d · sess.), volume 94, part 9, RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume 95, March-April 1949.. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD page A23. part 12, page Al303. (81st C,ong., 1st_sess.). volume 95, part 13, Robinson, Maj. Gen. C. F.: . Don't Overdo on Panama Canal Changes. Industrial Vulnerability·to Bombing. The Editorial, Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Tele page Al713. . · Military Engineer (Washington, D. C.), XLI gram, April 4, 1951, page A18. Panama Canal Security Against Atomic (January:--February 1949), page 1. Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., Attack. Extension. of remarks quoting an Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume 97, part 12, page A2212. article by Lt. Comdr. H. B . Seim in. the USN! 1st sess.), volume 95, part 12, page A 755. Cole, Harry 0.: proceedings, April 1949. CONGRESSIONA~ REC ROGERS, Hon. BYRON G.: Panama Canal: What Should Be Done To· Improve the ORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume 95, part Our Most Insecure Outpost. Extension of re- Panama Canal? CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 13, page A2639. marks quoting an article by J.P. McEvoy in (80th Cong., 2d sess.), volume 94, part 10, Isthmian Canals · and National Defense. Readers' Digest, March 1954. Daily CoNGRES- page A2743. Extension of remarks quoting an article by SIONAL RECORD (83d Cong., 2d sess.), March Panama Canal. Letter to the editor. Ma- Hanson W. Baldwin in Atlantic Monthly, 5, 1954, page All 78. rine Progress (New Y~rk), volume 17, page July 1949: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Seim, Lt. Comdr. H. B.: 22. Cong., 1st sess.), volume 95, part 15, page Atomic Bomb-the X Factor of Military Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., A4627. Policy. USNI proceedings (Annapolis), 1st sess.), volume 95, part 12, page A760. A Balanced Military Policy for the United volume 75 (April 1949), page 387. Panama Canal-Sea-Level Project-Discus- States. Extension of remarks quoting an Same CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., sion. ASCE proceedings, volume 75 (Janu address by Gen. Omar N. Bradley in the Mili lst sess.), volume 95, part 13, page A2639. · ary 1949), page 143. tary Engineer (March-April 1949). CONGRES Shalett, Sidney: Can We Defend the Pan- Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume ama Canal? Saturday Evening Post (Phila- 1st sess.), volume 95, part 12, page A662. 95, part 15, page A5402. delphia), volume 221 ( October 9, 1948), DuVal , Capt. Miles P.: · Interoceanic Canals-The Atomic Bomb page 15. The Marine Operating Problems, Panama and National·Defense. Extension of remarks THOMPSON, Hon. CLARK W.: Security the Canal, and the Solution. ASCE proceedings quoting an article by Comdr. Robert C. Pan1:1,ma Transit in the War. · Extension or' (New York), volume 73 (February 1947}, Wing in the USNI proceedings, September remarks quoting an article by Frederick W.- page 161. · 1949. CoN~RESSION_AL RECORD (81st Cong .• Hopkins in the . ·usNI proceedings, March Saine. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (80th Cong., 1st sess.), volume 95, part 16, page A6197. · 1949. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ( 81st Cong., 1st 1st sess.), volume 93, part 10, page All 76. Isthmian·canals and Atomic Defense. Ex sess.), volume 95, part 15, page A5085. Same. Marine News (New York), XXXIV tension of remarks quoting an article by Lt. VAN ZANDT, Hon. JAMES E.: St. Lawrence (August 1947), 41. · Col. Richard D. Wolfe Jn the Military Engi Waterway, Panama Sea-Level Project, and· Same. ASCE transactions (New York), neer, November..:.December ·.1949. CoNGRES National ·Defense? Extension . of · remarks~ volume 114 (1949), page 558. sIONAL RECORD (8lst- Cong., 2d sess.), volume quoting a statement before the House Com- The Marine Operating Problems of the 96, part 14, page Al 725. · mittee on Public Works by Capt. Willis W;· Panama Canal ·Involved ·in Its Modernization Isthmian Canal ·and Atomic Bomb Defense Bradley. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., and· Their Solution. Address before the Dis- Plans. Extension . of remarks quoting a 1st sess.), volume 97, part 12; page Al950. trict of Columbia section of the American statement by Dr.. Vannevar Bush in the As Velie, Lester: The Panama Canal Is Wide Society of Civil Engineers in the Chamber of sociated Press, Febru.ary 9, 1950. CONGRES Open to Attack. Colliers (New York), Jan-. Commerce of the United States, April 15,· SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong:, 2d sess.), volume uary 20, 1951, page 13. · 1947. . Available at the general headquarters 96, · part 14, page Al 754. · Wing, Comdr. Robert C., United States ·of the society·in New-York. Interoceanic Canals-Modern Arms and Navy: Summary of same. Christian Science National "i::>efe·nse. . Extension . of remarks Potentialities· of Atomic Warf ate Against Monitor (Atlantic edition), May 28, 1947, quoting a condensation of a book by Dr. . the United States Petroleum Industry. page,9. Vannevar Bush in the Readers' Digest, Feb USNI proceedings (Annapolis), volume 75 · Godsoe, Charles H., editor: . ruary· 1950, · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st . (September 1949), . page 983. The Panama· Canal Modernization. Ma- Cong., 2d sess.), volume 96, part 14, page Same. C9NGRESSI0NAL RECORD (8ist .Cong., r~ne Progress, volume 14 (April 1946), page . Al986. . · .. 1st sess.), volume 95, part 16, page A6197. 16. Panama Canal-Propaganda for Sea-Level Wolfe, Lt. Col. Richard D.: . . Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (79th Cong., Project. E~tension_ of remarks_ comfnenting Atomic Defense'-A Co~structive Approach. 2d sess.), volume 92, part 11, _page-A2563 .. · on an Associated Press news· story by Luis The Military- Engineer (Washington, D. C.), Panama Canal.. Marine Progress (New B. Noli, of' Panama, July 9, 1950·. CoNGREs XLI (November-December 1949), 417. · York), volume 14 (September 1946), page 16. s10NAL. RECORD . (81st Cong., 2d sess.) ; volume .. Same. CONGRESSlONAL RECORD (8lf!t Cong., : Ship Operation-The, Panama Canal, Ma- 96, part 16, page A5087. , . 1st sess.), ~olume 9~,_pa~t 14, page.Al725. rine Progress (New York) ; volume 15 (Janu-· TERMINAL LAKE-THIRD LOCKS PROJECT ary 1947) • page 18.- Apropos of In~eroceanic Canl'!,l~: Ato:i;nic • _ The .Oanal Question and Shipping. Marine Bomb and National Defense. Extension of Bland, ~on._· Schuyler otis: · The Marine~ Progress (New York), volume 15 (June remarks quoting a sta:teinent by.Dr. Va~J:!evar:· ¥· 0p!;lr.atl:ng Problems, Panama· Canal,.and·the· · 1947), page 7. · Bush in the Washington Daily News of De Solution. Extension. of remarks quoting an The Panama Canal Modernization. Marine cember 18, 1950. CONGRESSIONAL R11:coab '(82d. article by Capt. ·Miles P. DuVal in ASCE Pr.ogress (New York), volume 15 (June 1947}, c"ong .• · 1st sess.), v:oluµie , 9,7, pa,rt 11, page proceedings, February 1947. CONGRESSIONAL . page 22. · · A283. :RECORD (80th Corig., 1st sess.), volume 93, Isthmian Plan. Marine Progress (New Re Panama: Canal: Modern Weapons and part 10, page Ail 76. York), volume 16 (August 1948), page 18. National Defense. Extension of remarks Bradley, Hon. Fred: · Same• .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD .(81st Cong., quoting an article by Dr. Vannevar Bush in · The Panama Canal. Radio address of 1st sess.), volume 95, part 13, page A2168. the Readers• Digest, January 1951. CON• March 24, 1947. 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD . Panama Viewpoint. Editorial quoting a GRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong.. 1st sess.) •· (80th Cong., 1st sess.), volume 93, part 11, letter , by Harry o. Cole. Marine Progress volume 97, part 11, page A349. page A2597. (New York), volume 17 (January 1949), page Army Chief of Staff Minimizes Threat to The Panama Canal. Radio address of 22. Panaro.a Canal in Major war. Extension of, March 31, 1947. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., remar,lcs quoting a statement of Gen. J. Law-. (80th Cong., 1st sess.), volume 93, part 11,· 1st sess.), volume 95, part 12, page A760. ton Collins, Chief of Staff, in the May 13, page A2632. KEoGH, Hon. EUGENE J.: The Panama ca- 1953, issue of the Star and Herald, Panama,· Bradley, Hon. Willis W.: nal. Extension of remarks quoting an edi- Republic of Panama. CONGRESSIONAL REC . The Panama Canal. Extension of remarks torial in Marine Progress, April 1946. CoN• ORD (83d Cong., 1st sess.), volume 99, part quoting a radio address of Hon. Fred Brad-. GRESSIONAL RECORD (79th Cong., 2d sess), vol• . ) 11, page A3408. · ley·, M,arch,24, 1947,. ·. CONGRESSIONAL R.l;;cORD ume 92, part 11, page A2563. . . 3614 CONGRESSiONAi -~RECORD - · HOUSE March 23 Kirkpatrick, -Ralph Z.: _ _ GRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., . 1st sess.), _ COST ESTIMATE ~Ei;IABILITY Panama Canal-Sea-Level Project-Sym volume 95, part· r2, page A1303. Bland, Hon. Schuyl~r Otis-: . posium Discussion. ASCE proceedings (New The Panama Canal. Extension of remarks Panam~. C_1:1,nal-Sympqsium_ Dis.cussion. York), volume 75 (January 1949), page 151. quoting an editoriai" in Marine Pr-ogress, Extension · of remarks quot_i~g ' ~ technical Same. CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD (81st Cong., August 1948. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ~81st paper by Capt. H. H. ~ittle in 'ASCE ·proce-~d 1st sess.), volume 95, part 14, page A3331. Cong., 1st sess.), volume 95; part 13, page ings, March 1949. · ~CONGRESSIONAL RtcoRD MARTIN, Hon. THOMAS E.: - A2168. - (_81st Cong., 1st sesi:), v_olume 95,- part 13, · The Panama Canal Problem. Extension of - The Panama Canal. Extension of remarks page Al887. _ ·- . . · remarks quoting an article by Arthur Stanley quoting a technical discussion by Ralph Z. Slide Problems of the ·t>an-ama Canal. Ex Riggs in Shipmate, May 1948. CONGRES Kirkpatrick in ASCE proceedings, January tension of remarks quoting a technical paper SIONAL RECORD (80th Cong., 2d sess.), volume 1949. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., by A. Casagrande in ASCE proceedings, March 94, part 11, page A3399. ll?t sess.), volume 95, part 14, page A3331. 1949. CONGRESSIONAL- .RECORD (81st Cong., Panama Boondoggling. Extension of re Weichel, Hon. Alvin F.: 1st sess.), volume 95, part 13, page A2228. marks quoting article by Arthur Stanley Panama Canal. Extension of remarks Casagrande, A . : · Riggs in Work Boat, November 1948. CoN quoting an address by Hon. W. L. Fiesinger Panama Canal-Sea-Level Project Sympo GRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), vol in the Sandusky Register-Star-News, May 9, sium Discussion. ASCE proceedings (New ume 95, part 12, page A44. 1952. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., 2d York), volume 75 (March 1949), page 421. Waterway Improvements. Extension of re sess.), volume 98, part 10, page A3050. Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., marks quoting an article by Harry 0. Cole in Same. Extension of remarks quoting an 1st sess.), volume 95, part 13, page A2228. Marine Progress, January 1949. CONGRES address by Hon. W. L. Fiesinger in the Erie Little, ·capt. H: H.: · · SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), vol County Reporter (Huron, Ohio), June 27, Panama Canal-Sea-Level Project Sympo ume 95, part 12, page A 760. 1952. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., 2d sium Dlscussion. ASCE proceedings (New sess.), volume 98, part 11, page A4865. McGREGOR ,- Hon. J. HARRY: Panama Canal York}, yolume 75 (March 1949), page 417. Changes. Extension of remarks quoting an Woodruff, Hon. Roy 0.: Improvement of Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., editorial by Hon. Willis W. Bradley in the P anama Canal. Extension of remarks quot 1st sess.), volume 95, part 13, page A1887. Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram of April ing an article by Capt. Frederic:'.: L. OU ver in Rich, Hon. Robert F.: Panama Sea-Level 4, 1951. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., the Christian Science Monitor (Atlantic ed.}, Canal-An Engineer's Day Dream and Giant 1st sess.), volume 97, part 12, page A2212. April 15, 1952. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Bonanza for Machinery Manufacturers. Ex Cong., 2d sess.), volume 98, part 10, page Oliver, Capt. Frederick L.: tension of remarks quoting a statement by A2659. Hon. W. L. Flesinger in the .Sandusky Regis United States-Built Ditch Is Found Inade PROPOSED SEA-LEVEL PROJECT quate, Christian Science Monitor (Boston) ter-Star-News, November 11, 1949. CoNGRES• (Atlantic ed.), April 15, 1952, page 3, columns Bland, Hon. Schuyler Otis: SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 2d sess.), volume 1-3. A Sea-Level Panama Canal. Extension of 96, part 13, page A238. Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., remarks quoting an article by Brig. Gen. DIPLOMATIC AND HISTORICAL Hans Kramer, United States Army (retired), 2d sess.), volume 98, part 10, p age A2659. ABBITT, Hon. WATKINS M.: Panama Canal. Pepperburg, Roy L.: in the Pacific Marine Review, March 1949. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), Extension of rein arks quoting an editorial in The Battle of the Levels. Sea Power (New Human _Events, June 23, 1954. Daily CoN York), volume 7 (spring 1947), page 18. volume 95, part 13, page A1864. A Sea-Level Panama Canal. Extension of GRESSIONAL RECORD (83d Cong., 2d sess.), July The Panama Canal. Our Navy (Brooklyn, remarks quoting an editorial in the Pacific 2, 1954, page A4819. N. Y.), XLIII (Mid. November 1948), 4. Marine Review, February 1949. CoNGRES• ALLEN, Hon. JOHN J., Jr.: Bottleneck at Panama. The Rotarian SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume The Panama Canal and Theodore Roosevelt (Chicago), LXXIV (March 1949), 26. 95, part 13, page A2018. Inseparable in History. ' Extension of remarks Potts, Hon. David M: Alternative Canal Bowman, Waldo G.: quoting an adq.ress by Hon. Willis W. Bradley Routes. Extension of remarks quoting a let Puzzle in Panama. Engineering News before Panama Canar Societies of the United ter of William G. B. Thompson in the Wall Record (New York), volume 138 (May 1, States, Washington; D.-c., May 3, 1947. CON• Street Journal, June 4, 1947. CONGRESSIONAL 1947), page 740. GRESSIONAL RECORD (80th Cong., 1st sess.), RECORD (80th Cong., 1st sess.), volume 93, volume 93, part 11, page A2127 • part 11, page A2826. . Same. Reprinted in Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution, 1947, page 407. Panama Canal. Extension of remarks Rich, Hon. Robert F.: The Panama Canal quoting a 10-year overhaul program. CoN Stop, Look, and Listen. Extension of re Claybourn, John G., et al.: S3a-Level Plan GRESSIONAL RECORD (83d Cong., 1st sess.), vol- marks quoting an article by Arthur Stanley for Panama Canal with discussions. ASCE ume 99, part 10, page Al 689. - · - Riggs in the Commonweal, September 9, 1949. transactions, volume 114 ( 1949) , pages 572- - Bland, Hon. Schuyler Otis: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), 606. Panama Canal-John F. Stevens and the volume 95, part 16, page A5867. · Department of the Army: The Panama High-Level Type. Extension of remarks Riggs, Arthur Stanley: Canal-Vital Link in Hemisphere Defense. quoting the report of Chief Engineer John F. The Panama Question. Shipmate (An Armed Forces Talk N9. 253. Washington, Stevens of January 26, 1906 recommending napo1is), volume 11 (May 1948), page 7. Government Printing Office, 1948. the high-level-lake and lock type. CONGRES Same. CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD (80th Cong., King, Donald D., editor: Sea-Level Panama SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume 2d sess.), volume 94, part 11, page· A3399. Canal Dictated by New Weapon Dangers. 95, part 16, page A6282. Panama Boondoggling. Work Boat (New Civil Engineering (New York), volume 18 Panama Canal-President Theodore Roose Orleans), V (November 1948), 46. (February 1948), page 17. velt's Decision. Extension of remarks quot . Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., Kramer, Brig. Gen. Hans: ing President Roosevelt's message to the 1st sess.), volume 95, part 12, page A44. A Sea-Level Panama Canal. Pacific Marine Congress of February 19, 1906, recommending Panama Canal Prospect. The Common Review (San Francisco), volume 46 (March the high-level-lake and lock type. CONGRES weal (New York), L (Sept. 9, 1949), 526. 1949), page 49. SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.) ,· volume Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., Same: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 95, part 16, page A6286. - 1st sess.), volume 95, part 16, page A5867. 1st sess.), volume 95, part 13, page Al864. · Panama Canal-William How·ard Taft and Snyder, Hon. Melvin C.: What Should Be Kramer, Ha·ns, and Philip G. Nichols: the High Level Lake Type. Extension of re Done To Improve the Panama Canal? Ex Panama canal-the Sea-Level Project--Dis marks quoting the letter of Secretary of War tension of remarks quoting two statements cussion, ASCE proceedings (New York), Taft of February 19, 1906, forwarding the by Harry o. Cole. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD volume 74 (June 1948), page 1015. report of the International Board of Consult (80th Cong., 2d sess.), volume 94, part 10, Kramer, Hans, and James H. Stratton: ing Engineers to the President. CONGRES page A2743. Sea-Level Plan for Panama· Canal-Discus SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume sion. ASCE proceedings (New York), 95, par.t 16, page A6440. STAGGERS, Hon. HARLEY 0.: Panama Canal Bowman, Waldo G.: Random LineJ (edi Sea Level Project. Extension of remarks volume 74 (June 1948), page 921. MacMullen, T. Douglas; editor: torial on Panama Canal) . Engineering quoting a technical discussion by Harry 0. News-Record (New York), volume 138 (April Cole in ASCE proceedings, January 1949. A Sea-Level Panama Canal. · Pacl:fl.c Marine 3, 1947), page 492. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), Review (San Francisco), volume 46 (Febru: ary 1949) , page 51. BOYKIN, Hon. FRANK W.: John Frank volume 95, part 12, page A662. Stevens, Engineer, Pioneer, Discoverer, Rail Stevens, John Frank, Jr.: Views of -the Late Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., road Builder, Statesman, and Basic Archi Chief Engineer John F. Stevens of the 1st sess.) ,_volume 95, part .13, page A20+8. tect of Panama CanaL Extension of remarks Isthmian Canal Coll}.Illission. CONGRESSIONAL Secretary of Defense: The Panama Canal quoting an article by. Mildred Beedle ~ossett RECORD (82d Cong., 2d sess.), volume 98, part An Outpost of Hemisphere· Def'ense. Armed · in the magazine section of. the Lewiston 8, page Al63. Forces Talk 373, May 18, 1951. Washington, (Maine) Journal, January 27, 1951. CoN THOMPSON, Hon. CLARK w.: Government Printing Office, 1951. GRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., 1st sess.), The Panama Canal. Extension of remarks . Stratton, CoL James H., et al.: Panama volume 97,_part 13, page.A3657. quoting an address by Hon. Willis W. Bradley Canal-The Sea-Level Project--A Symposi Bradley.:· Hon. Fre~: and proceedings of the Engineers' Club of um. ASCE transactions (New York), vol- Tlie· Panama canal. Press . rele~e. April Washington, D. C., February 24, 1949. CON• ume 114 (1949), pages '607-906. - -10, 1947. 1955 ·· · CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - HOUSE 3615 · Same; , CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ' (80th·Cong., Pitkin, Robert· B.: How Secure Is the Pan- GRESSIONAL · RECORD (82d Cong., 1st sess.), 1st sess.) volume 93,·part 11, 'page A2674. ama Canal? American Legion· magazine, volume 97, part 13, page A3072. · Bradley, Hon. Willis 'W·.: . volume 57 (October 1954), p!i,ge 16. . Woodruff, Hon. Rpy 0.: Harry Outen Cole: The Panama Canal and Theodore Roose Potts, Hon. David M.: The Panama Canal. An Outstanding Builder of the Panama velt Inseparable in History. Address before Extension of remarks quoting a news story canal. Extension of remarks quoting an ad Pan ama Canal Societies of the United States, by S. H. Scheibla in the Wall 'Street Journal, dress by Hon. Maurice H. 'Thatcher before the Washington, D. C;, May 3, 1947. CONGRES May 27, 1947. CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD (80th Panama 'Canal Society of Washington, D. c., SIONAL REcoRri ' (SOth Cong:, lst·sess.), volume Cong.,' 1st sess.)', volume '93; part 11, page May· 27, 1950. , CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st · 93, part 11, page A2127. · A2516. Cong., 2d sess.); volume 96, part 15, page The Panama c a nal. Extension of remarks Revercomb, Hon. Chapman: ·Tribute to the A4147. quoting a press release of Hon. Fred Bradley, late Sydney B. Williamson. Extension of ,re- PANAMA CANAL AND TRANSIT April 10, 1947. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (80th marks quoting an address by Harry O. Cole TOLLS Cong., 1st sess.), volume 93, part . 11, page before the Panama Canal Societles of the ALLEN, Hon. JOHN ·J ., JR.: A2674. . ' United States, Washington, D. c., May 8, Panama Canal Reorganization. Extension 'Cole, Harry 'O.: ·. ' . •. I 1948. CoNGRESSIONA'L RECORD·- (80th' Cong., of remarks quoting an editorial in Marine . 'Tribute to the Late Sydney B. Williamson. 2d sess·.) , volume 94, part 11, page A3190. Progress, March 1950. CONGRESSIONAL REC- Address before · the Panama: Canal Societies . Riggs, Arthur Stanley: ORD (81st Cong., 2d sess.), ·volume 96, part of the"Untted·states, Washington, D. c., May Panama Futility. Catholic World (New . 15, page.A3191. 8, 1948. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (80th Cong., York), CLXIV (January 1947), 298. Panama. Canal Tolls. Address to House 2d sess.), volume 94, part 11, page A3190. Panama Railroad. Railw_ay Progress quoting_ correspondence with the president, S'ummary of same. Engineering · News (Washington, D . C.), III (April 1949) , 25. Panama Canal Company, April 1952. CoN- Rec'ord (N:ew York), volUIJ?,e _140 (~ay 13, Same. CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., GRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., 2d sess.), vol, 1948) , page 692. 1st sess.), volume 95, part 13, page'.A.2706. 98, part 4, page 5131. · Davies, Wallace, editor: Something's Going The.Bridge of Fear. Forum (Philadelphia, Panama Canal. Extension of remarks quot- To Happen to' the Canal-But What? Army CXII (November 1949), 267. ing a· letter of the President of the Panama Transportation Journal (Washington, D. C.), Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., Canal Company concerning formula for tolls, volume 3 (May-June 1947), page 20. 2d sess.), volume 96, part 13, page A353. March 20, 1953. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (83d Dubois, Jules: Problem in Pana~a, Amer Understanding Panama, Catholic World Cong., 1st sess.), volume 99, part 10, page ici:i,n Mercury (New Yo;rk), LXXVIII (March (New York), CLXIX (September 1949), 418. A2341. 1954), 79. . Trans-Isthmian Canal Problems. Discus- Panama Canal: Interim Report. CoNGREs- Fossett, Mildred Beedle: sion USN! Proceedings (Annapolis), volume sIONAL RECORD (83d Cong., 2d sess.), volume Maine'.s John F. Stevens Among the Na 76 (August 1950), page 911. 100, part 10, page 13367. tion's Greatest Engineers. Lewiston (Maine) Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., Association of American Ship Owners: Journal, magazine section, January 27, 1951. 2d sess.), volume 96, part 17, page A5871. Our National Investment in the Panama . Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., Salomon, Lt. Comdr. Henry, Jr.: Isthmian Canal. Shipping Survey (New York), volume 1st sess.), volume 97, part 13,.page A3657. Interlude. USN! Proceedings (Annapolis), 4 (April 1948). Fugate, Hon. Tom~.: Panama Canal Me volume 76 (March 1950), page 269. Bailey, Frazer A.: United States Ship- moralization. Extension of Remarks quot Scheibla, S. H.: owners Oppose Increased Toll Charges. Lykes ing a letter of C. L. Chapin ·in the Washing Big ·Ditch Debate. Wall Street Journal Fleet Flashes (New Orleans), September 1948, ton Post, April 22, 1952. CONGRESSIONAL (New York), May 27, 1947, page 2, column 1. page 6. RECORD (82d dong., 2d Sess.), volume 98, Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (80th Cong., Bland, Hon. Schuyler Otis: The Case part 10, page A2803. 1st sess.), volume 93, part 11, page A2516. Against Present Panama Ca,nal Tolls. Exten- Kent, Jolin L.: Have We. Outgrown the STAGGERS, Hon. HARLEY 0.: sion of remarks quoting an article by Charles Panama Canal? Popular Mechanics (Chi Harry Outen Cole: A Builder of the Pana- L . Wheeler in Pacific Marine Review, April cago), volume 85 (June 1946), page 120. ma Canal. Address to the House quoting a 1949. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st. Cong., 1st KEOGH, Hon . . EUGENE J . : Pacific Locks, eulogy by Hon. Maurice H. Thatcher. CoN- sess.), volume 95, part 13, page A2307. Panama Canal-Views of Sibert and Stevens. GRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 2d sess.), Bradley, Hon. Willis w.: What's Ahead for Extension of remarks quoting chapter IX in volume 96, part 3, page 2853. the Merchant Marine. Address before the The Construction of the Panama Canal by Harry Outen Cole, interoceanic ship-canal Rotary Club, Baltimore, Md., January 11, William L. Sibert and John F. Stevens, pub engineer and builder of the Pacific end of 1949. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., lished by D. Appleton & Co., 1915. Daily the Panama Canal. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 1st sess.) , volume 95, part 12. page A395. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, March 1, 1955, page (81st Cong., 2d sess.}, volume 96, part 14, DAVIS, Hon. GLENN R.: Study of Panama. A1340. page A1821. Canal Tolls. Extension of remarks quoting Lisle, B. Orchard, editor: Panama Canal Steese, Col. James G.: Panama Canal in a study on tolls addressed by the president Losing Major on Artery Status. Oil Forum World War II. Military engineer (Washing- of the Panama Canal Company to the Speak (New York), I (May 1947), 138. ton, D. C.), XL (January 1948), 20. er of the House, March 5, 1954. Daily CoN- MARTIN, Hon. THOMAS E.: Stevens, John Frank, Jr.: President Wil- GRESSIONAL RECORD (83d Cong., 2d sess.) The United States and Panama. Exten liam Howard Taft. Address before Panama March 16, 1954, page A1995. sion of remarks quoting an editorial in the Canal Society of Washington, D. c ., May 19, Dodge, Wendell Phillips, editor: Panama Star and Herald, Panama, Republic of Pan 1951. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (82d Cong., 1st Canal Tolls versus a Long Range Toll Policy. ama, December 13, 1948. CONGRESSIONAL sess.), volume 97, part 13, page A3072. Marine News (New York), XXXIV (March RECORD (81st Cong., 1st Sess.), volume 95, Thatcher, Hon. Maurice H.: Harry Outen 1948), 28. part 12, page A219. Cole: An Outstanding Builder of the Pan- Godsoe, Charles H., editor: Isthmian Canals: The Panama Canal and ama canal. Address before the Panama Panama Canal Tolls. Marine Progress Diplomatic· Relationships. Extension of canal society of Washington, D. c., May 27, (New York), volume 17 (September 1949), remarks quoting an article by Arthur Stan 1950. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 2d page 11. ley Riggs in Forum November 1949. CoN sess.), volume 96, part 15, page A4147. Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., GRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Co11g., 2d Sess.), vol Thomas, Hon. J. Parnell, as told to Stacey 1st sess.), volume 96, part 13, page A50. ume 96, part 13, page A353. Panama Sea-Level Project Apparently v. Jones: Reds in the Panama Canal Zone. Panama Canal Tolls. Marine Progress Ditched. Extension of remarks quoting a Liberty (New York), volume 25 (May 14, (New York), volume 18 (January 1950), page news story by Jim G. Lucas in the Washing 1948), page 14. 14. ton Daily News (noon ed.), March 29, 1950. THOMPSON, Hon. CLARK w.: Panama Canal Reorganization. Marine CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 2d Sess.), Centenary of Panama Star and Herald. Progress (New York), volume 18 (March volume 96, part 14, page A2413. Extension of remarks quoting an editorial 1950), page 12. Trans-Isthmian Canal Problem: Tehuari in that paper, February 24, 1949. CONGRES- Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., tepec Ship-Tunnel and Ship-Railway Pro SIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume 2d sess.) ; volume 96, part 15, page A3191. posals. Extension of remarks quoting a 95, part 12, page A1361. HAND, Hon. T. MILLET: What's Ahead for professional discussion by Arthur Stanley Panama Railroad: A Historic and Epoch- the Merchant Marine. Extension of remarks Riggs in the USN! proceedings, August 1950. Making Institution. Extension of remarks quoting an address by Hon. Willis W. Brad CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 2d Sess.), quoting an article by Arthur Stanley Riggs Iey before the Rotary Club, Baltimore, Md., volume 96, part 17, page A5871. · in Railway Progress, April 1949. CoNGRES_- January 11, 1949. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Will Panama Be Next? Extension of re sIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume (81st Cong., 1st s_ess.), volume 95, part 12, marks quoting an article by Earl Harding in 95, part 13, page A2706. page A395. Economic Council Letter 341, August 15, 1954. May 4, 1904: Canal Zone Acquisition Day. MacMullen, T. Douglas, editor: Daily CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, August 20, 1954, Extension of remarks quoting a news story Pacific Coast Ports and the Panama Canal, page A6236. in the Star and Herald (Panama, R. P.), Pacific Marine Review (San Francisco), · O'Neill, J. J.: May 5, 1953. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (83d . XLVI (September 1949), 34. Planning the New Panama Canal. New Cong., 1st sess.), volume 99, part 11, page Suppose Canal Tolls Were Shown on York Herald Tribune, March 16, 1947, section A3188. Freight Bills. Pacific Marine Review (San II, page 10, columns 1-3. WOLVERTON, Hon. CHARLES A.: Panama. Francisco), XLVI (December 1949), 78. Condensation of Same. Science Digest Canal Society Honors William Howard Taft. Memo from the Panama Canal. U.S. News (New York), volume 21 (June 1947), page 6. Address of John Frank Stevens, Jr. CON• & World Report, April 9, 1954, page 78. 3616 :cONGRESSIONAL-RECORD-·. HOUSE March 23 Morse, Murray, editor~ - ( Conn.) High School hockey team in · presently lying clormant, slowly· rotting Who Pays for the Panama Canal? The Log • winning the New England high-school away and, in the meantime, the econo (New York), volume 42 (July 1947), page 36. championship for the second successive my of a large section of southside Vir Fiscal Fallacies of the Panama Canal. The · year at the Rhode Island State Audi . ginia is suffering immeasurably by this Log (New York). volume 44 (September uncertainty. I do not feel it incumbent 1949), page 44. torium at Providence on March 19. Rankin, Hon. John E.: Restoring the Pan Following are excerpts of an article from . upon myself to· dictate to the Army or ama Canal Toll Exemption for Coastwise the New Haven Evening Register: any agency of the Government as to the Trade. Extension of remarks quoting a The Hamden win was a team effort, al use it intends to make of any Govern statement by Hon. Charles L. Wheeler. CoN though sparked by the boys who have been ment facility. I do not propose to offer GRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong .• 1st sess.), performing in an outstanding fashion an the suggestion · that one single soldier volume 95, part 13, page A2163. season. Butch Ives · played terrific hockey be sent to Camp Pickett merely for the Riggs, Arthur Stanley: What Panama in the final game to come back, despite his purpose of strengthening the economy Canal Proposals Mean to Tanker Operators. injuries, to play the type of hockey he had of a civilian community. I do feel, how Oil Forum (New York). volume 2 (April exhibited all year in Connecticut. Joe Barile 1948) , page 151. turned in a tremendous performance ever, that the Army and the Department Sandusky, Lawrence, editor: Panama throughout the playoffs, as did Paul Gau of Defense owes it to the civilian com canal and the Pacific Coast. Nautical Ga thier in the Hamden goal. Don Goldberg munities surrounding Camp Pickett to zette (New York). volume 143 (December was a key figure on defense and his partner, make it clear once and for all what use, 1949) , page 18. Dick Kennedy, was an iron man, playing if any, it is contemplating for Camp THOMPSON, Hon. CLARK w.: through the tourney without rest. Ives was Pickett in the foreseeable future. As the Panama Canal Tolls. Extension of re voted the most valuable player of the tourney situation now exists, there is gross un marks quoting an editorial in Marine Prog award, and he and Barile were unanimous certainty on the part of all of the busi ress, September 1949. CONGRESSIONAL REC selections for the all-tourney team. ORD (81st COng., 2d sess.), volume 96, part ness interests of the entire Southside, 13, page A50. Congratulations are also very much Va., area, due to the fact that the ;Emory R. Johnson and the Panama Canal. in order for team members Doherty, Army says one day that Camp Pickett Extension of remarks quoting a eulogy in Dietter, Ferrie, Batson, and Molloy, for · is the best military training camp it has the Star and Herald, Panama, R. P., March their efforts in this game against St. and the next day that they foresee no 15, 1950. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st COng., Dominics, of Lewiston, Maine. immediate use of these facilities. 2d sess.), volume 96, part 14, page A2602. Panama Canal Tolls. Remarks in House. The Hamden High School, in the Third The Members of the House are cer CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (83d Cong., 1st sess.), District of Connecticut, which I repre tainly familiar enough with the military volume 99, part 4, page 5739. sent, has come to turn out perennially situation to know that we must main Wheeler, Hon. Charles L.: powerful and formidable hockey teams in tain a strong reserve position in order The Case Against Present Panama Canal the last several years. I commend the to protect the future of our county. I Tolls. Pacific Marine Review (San Fran spirit displayed by the team, as well as feel that in the case of Camp Pickett or cisco), April 1949, page 60. their fine sportsmanship and the strong any other camp that the Government Same. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD (81st Cong., 1st sess.), volume 95, part 13, page A2307. support given by the student body of should take it upon itself to specifically Hamden, the citizens of the area, and all and expressly advise the governing offi Mr. Speaker, as emphasized in the first those who have taken a part in making cials of these communities adjacent to report of the Special Subcommittee on this hockey team the best in the New military camps exactly what they can the Panama Canal under House Resolu England high-school circuit. look forward to in the way of military tion 44, 81st Congress, House report activities in the future. It is not fair . 1304, the history of that waterway has to the economy of any community to been featured by a series of crises. not know .from one day to the next These, at times, have required vigorous Camp Pickett, Va. whether they will be flooded by the interventions by the Congress and the emergence of military personnel or President. On those occasions, the Gov EXTENSION OF REMARKS whether their economy is to be drained ernment had the benefit of advice by OF by periodic deactivations. independent canal comm1ss1ons not Camp Pickett has been opened and dominated by routine administrative HON. WATKINS M. ABBITT closed three times within the past 8 years agencies. The Panama canal is now in OF VIRGINIA and I feel very strongly that unless the another critical period in which the toll IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES defense officials can make an announce question and the physical form of the ment with some degree of certainty that future canal are definitely linked. Wednesday, March 23, 1955 Camp Pickett will be utilized in the fore In line with historical precedent and Mr. ABBITT. Mr. Speaker, several seeable future; then, I feel it only fair, . to provide the Congress with the best days ago I called to the attention of the just, and proper that the Army get out means for obtaining disinterested advice House a number of typical comments and stay out of Pickett so that the eco on the gravely important questions of which were being made by editors of nomic blight hovering over this great Isthmian Canal policy, Representative newspapers in Virginia relative to the section can be removed, our people al THOMAS E. MARTIN-now junior Senator proposal to dispose of Government hold lowed to work out their own economy from Iowa-and I introduced or sup ings at Camp Pickett, Va. These views, and once again have growing and strong ported measures in both the 82d and 83d in my opinion, represent the overwhelm communities as we had before Pickett. Congresses to create an independent ing majority of the people of Virginia To support this view, I wish to insert Interoceanic Canals Commission. Like who feel that the Government is unjustly · a splendid article prepared by Mr. A. L. measures-S. 766 and H. R. 3335-are disturbing the economy . of Southside, Singleton, Jr., for the Progress-Index of now pending before the 84th Congress. Va., by its continued uncertainty as to Petersburg, Va., which appeared on Sun the future of Camp Pickett. day, March 20, accompanied by illustra The Army has taken the position that tions of the many facilities at Camp Camp Pickett represents one of the best · Pickett: A Tribute to Hamden (Conn.) High · training areas available to the Army and BLACKSTONE AREA LEADERS CONTINUE CAM School yet, on a number of recent occasions PAIGN TO MAKE PERMANENT, PRODUCTIVE when the necessity arose for the expan USE OF CAMP PICKETT SITE EXTENSION OF REMARKS sion of training facilities or the utiliza (By A. L. Singleton, Jr.) OF tion of existing facilities, Camp Pickett There's a "ghost town" in Southside Vir was bypassed in favor of other camps in . glnia, arid a number of residents are trying HON. ALBERT W. CRETELLA various parts of the country. I refer to do something about it. OF CONNECTICUT particularly to recent notices in the pre~s One mile from Blackstone, concrete and macadam roads run in neat patterns through IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES regarding the utilization of facilities at Camp Breckinridge, Ky., and announce an area covered with buildings, including: Wednesday, March 23, 1955 Some 500 houses, mostly pre·-fabs; 35 ware ments concerning the use of certain houses, with railway sidings and unloading Mr. CRETELLA. Mr. Speaker, it is other areas for National Guard training. ramps at the end of spur tracks; several with great pride that I point out the As I have previously called to the at libraries and club houses; 6 fl.re stations; magnificent victory of the Hamden tention of the House, Camp Pickett is a balcery; a laundry plant capable of han- 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 3617 dling 100,000 pieces of clothing da~ly; 3 10- .. Now, the Blackstone manager pointed out; . Blackstone"s Manager Maben, speaking for ton incinerators; ~ 13 chapels; '1 movie "they are planning to cut the Army. in size.. the southside· groups hoping the campsite theaters; a bus terminal; an outdoor amphi-· and the National Guard is being encamped will be used, said;- theater '(seating capacity 8,000); an indoor at Breckinridge, Ky., and Indiantown Gap, "The Army does not intend to use it, bui. arena (capacity, 5,000); a sewage · disposal Pa." they are fighting against turning it. loose. plant; a refrigeration plant; motor repair This indicates to Maben that Secretary They fought turning loose (Camp) Butner, shops; a 2,050-bed . hospital; and an airport, Stevens' reasons for holding on to Pic.kett no too. But we do not intend giv:ing up our with control tower and'. 4 runways 5,300 longer are sound. Other indications, he ex-. fight, either." feet long and 300 feet wide. plained, are plans for disposing of housing . Most of the. facilities were heated by a units there. This month, 238 . prefab dwell giant central plant, supplied electricity ings are to be sold on the site, and 250 otherS' through a Virginia Electric and Power Com soon are to be moved west to Indian reserva Bossier City Post Office pany substation and gas by underground tions under control of the Department of distribution, given telephone service through Health, Education and Welfare, according; an exchange handling 2,000 dial phones; to Maben. EXTENSION OF REMARKS and provided water out of · storage tanks "That's a vicious part of this thing," he OF holding 900 million gallons and purified by eaid. -"If they don't need the housing, why a filtration plant with a daily . capacity of do the.y need the camp?" HON. OVERTON BROOKS 6 million gallons. For months,. Maben has visited officials of OF LOUISIANA Today, the buildings are unoc.cupied, few State organizations, seeking reaction to Fed · IN THE HOC'SE OF REPRESENTATIVES vehicles move along the streets, and motors eral handling of Pickett. He reported that and engines. are idle. county boards of supervisors, town and city Wednesday,. March, 23, 1955 Around this developed area, thousands of councils, fraternal and civic groups through Mr. BROOKS of Louisiana. Mr. acres of land lie fallow. The total acreage out southside Virginia have passed resolu of the tract is 46,000. · tions urging the sale or reactivation of Speaker, an ugly situation is developing This is what is left at Camp· Pickett, 3 Pickett. The latest resolution came Thurs in the city of Bossier City, La., regard times a. booming Army post, and 3 times day from the Virginia Ports Authority. ing the post office. The people in this a ghost town. It originally was 503 sepa .Maben said he hopes the camp will be de great and growing community feel they rate tracts, covering 6,500 acres of Bruns clared surplus property and sold for $1,183,- are entitled to a separate post office. I wick County, 15,116 acres of Dinwiddie 000-the sum the Federal Government paid have felt this way for a number of years; County, 50 acres of Lunenburg County, for the land--or less. and I have been working steadily toward 24,438 acres of Nottoway County, and 269 "Of course the land has been developed by this end. acres of Blackstone. the Army," he declared, "but when the G6v The camp was fitst occupied in 1942 (to ~rnment bought it, farmers in the area On June 20, 1953, I received a letter house about 80,000 troops) . It was de moved out," .and Blackstone and nearby from Assistant Postmaster General activated in 1946; reactivated in June 1948; communities thereby suffered severe losses Abrams, which was in response to my deactivated 10 months later; reactivated in agriculturally. letter to the Postmaster General, which August 1950; and deactivated last year. · He also pointed out that private invest I read herewith: Government and business leaders of ments of more than $5 million and capital JUNE 18, 1953. Blackstone and the four neighboring coun outlays of some $1,500,000 (by Blackstone) Hon. OVERTON BROOKS, ties protested often to Federal authorities had been necessary to provide services for House of Representatives. that the openings and closings of Camp Pick an expanding population resulting from ac DEAR CONGRESSMAN BROOKS: Further ref ett severely damaged the economy of their tivation of the camp. erence is made to your interest in postal communities. After the third closing, they (In 1940, Blackstone's population was 2,- facilities for Bossier City, La. launched a . campaign. 700; now it is more than 7,000.) A thorough investigation of this matter R. D. Maben, Jr., town manager of Black Maben revealed last week that two small has been completed which discloses that no stone, and a leader in the campaign, said industries had moved into the Blackstone improvement in postal service would result it started in earnest January 22, 1954, a date area to take up some of the slack from the if an independent post office were established he remembers well. · latest Pickett closing, but he said that did at Bossier City. not alter the area's major problem. "It was ·my 12th·'anniversary as town man As the present quarters occupied by the He recently told the State capital outlay Bossier City branch are inadequate, the mat ager, we had a terrible snow and sleet storm, study commission that Virginia could and we got the news that Camp Pickett ter o! a new location at a more central point realize a 20-percent saving if it obtained some with respect to the business interests and was closing for the third time." of the Pickett land for institutional use, be Blackstone area people want the Defense population to be served is now under con cause streets, water and sewer lines, railway sideration. Department to reactivate the camp or sell it spur tracks, and land already are provided. as surplus property. Fourth District Rep With regard to complaints of incon "What North Carolina did with Camp venience in obtaining internal-revenue doc resentat,ive WATKINS M. ABBITT is sponsoring Butner, Virginia could do with Pickett," a bill to that effect before the Congress,, umentary stamps, delay in delivery of spe he said. cial-delivery matter, and evening collection and the State legislature already has ap Camp Butner, about 15 miles from Dur proved a measure permitting establishment of mail in the business area at too early an ham, was acquired as surplus property by hour, these matters are being given atten of area redevelopment- authorities, which the State of North Carolina in 1947. The could buy and use inactive military reser tion with a view to taking corrective action. property encompasses · some 41,000 acres, No special advantages would be offered for vations for commercial, industrial, agri 5,000 fewer than Pickett. cultural, or institutional purposes. the receipt and dispatch of mails in the In operation now on the Butner site are event of establishment of an independent "Here we have a self-supporting place 4 State institutions-a mental hospital,. post office. In fact, a disadvantage would equal to a city to take care of 15,000 people. an alcoholic rehabilitation center, a youth result in the delivery of special-delivery mail If the Federal Government does not want it~ center (reformatory), and a school for arriving on late evening trains and airmail why shouldn't the State of Virginia or feebleminded adults and childrens-em flights if a later evening collection is fur a civilian agency be able to use it?", Maben ploying some 750 persons, and 5 industries nished Bossier City. asked last week. with about 450 on payrolls. As there are no railroad stations within A tall, agile, energetic man, he summed Maben has reminded Virginia authorities the city limits of Bossier City and as no up his case for utilization of Camp Pickett that recommendations for new mental hos trains are scheduled to stop, additional ex last April before members of the Senate pitals, penal institutions, and other public· pense would Qe involved in transporting mail Armed Services Committee in Washington. service facilities are being· considered by the between railroad stations and the postal Among those present, were Senators Fland capital outlay study commission. transportation terminal. ers of Vermont, Margaret Chase Smith of Maben, Mayor Moncure, and other Black The report discloses that sentiment for an Maine, and Byrd; Maben, Blackstone's Mayor stone area citizens are pleased with the independent post office is not unanimous. A W. I. Moncure; and Secretaries of the Army~ support for their campaign pledged by people representative of the Department contacted Stevens, and Air Force, Talbott. and organizations in other parts of Virginia. the heads of several concerns, many of which "We never solicited the camp, we never op They had special praise last week for Vir are heavy mailers, and such concerns were posed it, we are not opposing it now," de ginia legislators-in the Congress and the very much against the establishment of an clared Maben, "but we are opposing, and. general assembly-who have proposed or sup independent post office requiring that they think we are justified. i~ oppof!ing, tp.e con ported bills to solve their economic problem. change their mail address. stant opening and closing, boom an~ bust" Representative ABBITT's bill is still before The cost· of operation of the present clas tail-tied-to-the-kite idea. No community the House Armed Services Committee. If sifted branch is approximately $113,035.87 per can stand it indefinitely." approved there and finally enacted, the State annum as compared with an estimated cost Secretary Stevens commented that Camp law permitting establishment of an area re of $132,247.02 for operation of an independ Pickett had to be held by the Army on stand development authority could go into effect. ent post office, or a net increase of $19,211.15 by basis because 10 percent of the potential The authority would be composed of one per annum. · mobilization force of 375,000 men could be representative each of Blackstone and the In view of your interest, it is regretted trained there, and because the National counties of Nottoway, Dinwiddie, Brunswick', that due -to the additional expense involved Guard needed it, Maben recalled. and Lunenburg, and two at-large members. with perhaps some disadvantages rather 3618 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ._ HOUSE March 23 . than any service advantages which may re part of the Shreveport post office, but I some Important film . addressed to Bossier sult, it is believed inadvisable to authorize haven't been able to convince them." City ·had been returned to addressors marked an independent post office in Bossler City at· · Are those the words of an official who came "No such post office." this time. to hear or consider? No, they are not. They Other arguments were made against the Sincerely yours, are the confession of a prejudiced mind. fact that box mail is picked up in Bossier N. R . .ABRAMS, The lowliest person and the humblest City, sent to Shreveport, and then· mailed Assistant Postmaster Generai. cause of the people have a right to fair con back or subjected to other delays. One citi sideration and when this privilege is denied zen reported that he had mailed letters to This rejection on the part of the Post the hearing is reduced to mockery of justice his son from Bossier Oity and Shr_eveport the Office Department of the. application.of and a , nullity. In view of this . fatal error same day. There .was a 30.-hour delay in the the people of Bossier for a separate office Mr. Roderick no longer represents proper letter mailed at Bossier City. has not been quietly accepted by them authority in this case and his connection The Tribune editor pointed out that mail however. They still feel,· and justly so, therewith endangers the rights of the appel service between Bossier City ,and Beton re that they are entitled to separ~te and lants to fair consideration .. His continuation quired more time than to get mail from·New to. serve in the matter establishes a block · York to San Francisco. t'We are farther, independent facilities for· Bossier City. upon human justice. , from our parish,seat, 13 miles away," he· said, I know of no city anywhere tha~ has the There is but one just and proper course "than we are from Chicago in mail time." popul!l,tion and volume of business with for the people of Bossier City to follow, and At the end of the. hearing, Mr. Roderick: out an independent post office, and this that is to demand that Mr. Roderick be arose, asserted that he would make no hasty community should have this particular recused because of prejudice and unfitness; decision,· and would. keep an open mind in se:.:vice. and that the matter be reopened and a real the matter. . He repeated these· assurances. To show you something of the attitude hearing be held by impartial authority. The following afternoon, under the head of the people of Bossier· City, which has These demands should go to Postmaster line "Inspector Gives Views-Separate Post General Summerfield and to our representa Office for Bossier City .Is Opposed," the fol a population of some 40,000 people, I re tives in Congress.· lowing appeared: produce herewith an editorial taken from We are advising these officials of our at "Emory W. Roderick, manager of the Dallas the Sunday, Mareh 20, 1955, issue of the titude. district of the Post Office . Department,. said Bossier Tribune entitled "Recuse 'Mr. THE BOSSIER TRmuNE, Wednesday he was opposed to creating a new Prejudice'": RUPERT PEYTON. Editor. first-class post office for Bossier. RECUSE "MR. PREJUDICE" "It will cost $30,000 more th~n the facUity I also add to this statement the news we have there now to operate .an independ There come times in the course of human article taken from the same issue of this ent post office," he said, "and I am opposed affairs when long sufferance loses its dig paper in Bossier: to spending an additional $30,000 unless we nity and patience ceases to be a virtue. That POST OFFICE HEARING Is REDUCED TO A can provide better service, and in my opinion, time has arrived in Bossier City and Bossier we can't." . parish in the matter of postal services. NULLITY-RODERICK'S ASSURANCE OF FAIR MINDEDNESS BROKEN Roderick said he was "convinced that the When a people in the just exercise of ap people of Bossier City can get better service peal for redress of wrongs find that those in After he had given emphatic avowal of no by being a part of the Shreveport post of-.. authority to hear their ca.use a.re unwilling to hasty decision and assurance of an open flee, but I haven't been able to convince lay aside prejudice and listen with open mind on the matter to a Bossier City dele them." minds to facts and reason, then common gation of citizer-s Emory W. I:oderick, of Along with the letter Mr. Durham set decency demands that they address them Dallas, district manager for the Post Office forth that there were petitions containing selves to whatever just action their sacred Department, proceeded to Shreveport where about 1,400 names asking for the separate rights require. he gave an interview to a Shreveport news first-class post office as well as resolutions It is a common concept of American justice paper declaring opposition to petitions for a from 8 local civic clubs. that no person called upon to decide the separate first-class post office here. Brie.fly the 14 reasons set forth by Mr. fate of any human right shall preside in Mr. ROderick held a so-called hearing at Durham are as follows: that office with prejudice. The people in the city hall chamber Tuesday afternoon at 1. Bossier City is rapidly reaching the Bossier City have recently and on former which these assurances were given to the 20,000 mark, with an aggregate adjacent occasions appealed to proper authorities for group. The following morning in Shreveport population which would bring the total to rectification of certain intolerable conditions Mr. Roderick said in part to a reporter for the 33,370. arising over the present deplorable postal Shreveport Journal: 2. Bossier City ·residents are paying for a service. In this matter they were entitled "I am convinced that the people in Bossier first-class postal ~nstallation and service but to and hoped for a hearing by an authority City can be better served by being a part of has received neither. not bound by preconceived views. In this the Shreveport po&t office, but I haven't been 3. We would have.our own carriers to meet right and hope they have been woefully de able to convince them." trains and planes, resulting in the mail being nied. Although Mr. Roderick's quick change of in Bossier City hours sooner. Last Tuesday in the formality of respond tack came as a disappointment, it did not 4. Mail from Bossier City would be dis ing to this appeal Mr. E. W. Roderick, dis actually surprise many. He was unable to patched earlier. trict manager of the Dallas Post Office Dis conceal his preconceived opinions, despite 5. We would have our own post mark. trict, came to Bossier City for the purported his pledges of impartiality. Even before the 6. Mail in Bossier City drops would be duty of hearing evidence and arguments in people had a chance to present one bit of brought to the Bossier City post office and support of these claims. Instead of attend evidence or argument to support their peti worked locally. ing to these duties according to the concept tions, Mr. Roderick made opening remarks 7. Parcel post and special deliveries would of American justice, Mr. Roderick by design, which revealed that he had come not to be earlier. word, and action cast aside reasonable pro hear but to be heard. 8. Parcel post and other mail would be cedure and reduced the so-called hearing to However, after he had aired his prejudiced picked up in Bossier City instead of Shreve a hollow mockery. Even before any evidence views, Mr. Roderick politely heard the people port in emergencies. had been offered to him in sup.port of the present their facts and arguments. He even 9. All postal claims could be checked position of the people, Mr. Roderick took the expressed amazement at the disclosures made through the local office. floor and indicated strongly that he came of the poor mail services received here, giv 10. Lockboxes, which are safer, would be not to hear but to be heard; not consider ing encouragement to some. However, he available. but to force his preconceived views upon pointed out that most of the complaints 11. We can handle our own postal-savings the appellants. could be adjusted with Bossier City still a accounts. In view of this ta.ck the people were forced branch office of the Shreveport office. 12. Undel~verable special-delivery mall to present their case amid an atmosphere The people's side of the case was opened would be speeded up. hostile to their cause and marked by bureau by J. Murray Durham, president of the cham 13. Mailing permits would be available cratic condescension. ber of commerce, which, along with the locally for second- and third-class matter, But despite his previously expressed hos Doty-Sumner Post of the American Legion, as well as precanceled stamps. tile attitude, Mr. Roderick gave repeated initiated the movement. In a letter to the avowals at the close of the so-called hearing 14. To be classified as a first-class post manager, Dr. Durham set forth 14 points office the receipts must be in excess of $60,000 that he would not give a hasty decision but why Bossier should have a separate first-class would keep an open mind. He kept this per annum. The past year the branch of post office. In support of his contentions, fice, exclusive of the Big Chain Center and promise no longer than he could cross over several citizens in attendance spoke, point the river. Whereupon he opened his mouth, ing out instances of poor services. Barksdale Air Force Base, had receipts of closed his mind and confirmed the fact that Among the amazing disclosures made were $78,000. he had come to the hearing with prejudiced that Bossier City is not even listed in the BACK Dooa SERVICE FOR BoSSIER CHURCHES views. post office directories: that Pineville and AND OTHERS Now ON · Listen to these words of his interview with West Monroe, smaller cities than Bossier From now on Bossier City churches, the a Shreveport newspaper: City and existing adjacent to a large city, Bossier Chamber of Commerce, and other "I am convinced that the people of Bos have been granted first-class separate post organizations having large mailing lists to sier City can get better service by being a. offices; that important mail and in one case which they send out bulletins under non- CONGRESSIONAI/ -RECORD·- · SENATE metered per"mits wfthout stamps . affixed, largest city in Louisiana ·1n population There appears to me to be excellent must discontinue· dropping such mail in the but it also . originates a tremendous justification ancf a basis for this legis Bossier branch office but · deliver it to the rear platform· of the Shreveport o~ce · un'der amount of ~stal business. A separate lation caused -by the recollection that an order received from Arthur L. -Layton. office will give this community the pride great numbers of prominent and na acting postmaster of the Shreveport post which should properly be theirs in hav tionaUy known groups and civic organi office. . . ing a post office named for this great zations put on a tremendous campaign Hard hit by"tliis new post office procedure center. The cost of the office will add between 1946 and 1948, for American ruling, which comes ·on the heels of Mr. E. W; nothing to the postal deficit. It can be. citizens in Italy, to cast a vote against Roderick's farcical hearing in Bossier City, done and handled in stich a way as to the Communist candidates in these elec will be the larger · churches. At least two cost practically no additional amount. tions and plebiscites. churches, the First Baptist arid_the Barks dale ·Baptist· Church, will be affected and I think ·the Post Office Department ha& Through the dissemination of mil others· are thought to be affected. ' been inactive long enough. Some ac lions of letters, telegrams and circulars The chamber of commerce received its no tion is due anj the plea of these people, and other material to Italy, the Chris tice Friday. Bob Crof~. manager, reported who contribute so heavily to our Govern tian Democrat Party led by Alcide de that the chamber sends out from 350 to 700 ment, should not be overlooked or cast Gasperi was able to defeat the Commu pieces of bulietin mail each month, and that aside. I hope the Postmaster General nist and other radical left wing parties he had been depositing such mail at the local will personally see· this insertion in the in the opposition and preserve Italy to post office.· .A report from the Fir~t Baptist RECORD and will act immediately in ap the free world. One such organization Church was that· such mail was handled in proving a separate and independent of in the United States, the Order Sons of the· same ·manner. fice for Bossier City. Italy, during its annual convention in The bullet~n from Layton r~~ as follow:s; California in 1946, was one of the spear "NOTICE TO PERMIT MAILERS-MATTER WITHOUT heads in the nationwide efforts to de STAMPS AFFIXED f eat the Italian Communists. Many "Under revised postal procedures you will thousands of dollars contributed by this receive a rec·eipt for mailings made under Expatriated Citizens your nonmeter permit only if you request ·re organization and its members were used ceipt and furnish an additional copy of Form during these 2 years to contact friends, EXTENSION OF REMARKS relatives, and countrymen and urge them 3602; Statement of Mailing, which the weigh OF, er will verify, initial, and deliver to you. to cast a vote against the Communist · "Under the new postal · procedures · in-· HON. ALBE.RT W. CRETELLA candidate. structions the permit holder must defiver his There were also many broadcasts made permit imprint mail at the place where the . OF CONNECTICUT to Italy during this time as a direct ·ap ledger records or permit accounts are main IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peal to Americans to vote in the elec tained. Those records ·are maintained only Wednesday, March 23, 1955 tions. Certain officials of the United at the rear platform, main post office. States Government did, in fact, appear "ARTHUR L. LAYTON, Mr. CRETELLA. Mr. Speaker, I have on these broadcasts in strong support of "1ctin!l P~stmaster." introduced H. R. 5186, which provides this move. This is only one of a number of strong for certified copies of citizenship to be Following such action, those who had articles written by the press of Bossier furnished to repatriated American citi participated in these elections lost their City indicating the interest which these zens who voted in an Italian election. or American rights but they were later re people have in a separate office. The' plebiscite during_ the years 1946 and patriated by legislative action. My bill Planters Press in Bo~sier City has been 1948. would enable .repatriated citizens to ob very active on behalf of a separate and Under the provisions of the McCarran tain upon request, an exact copy of'the independent office. A number of a:rti Walter Act, those citizens who so voted certificates of citizenship which are sup cies have appeared in this fine paper may be repatriated unde'r certain con;. plied to the Department of Justice and aggressively demanding ·that the people State Department. This would end a be given proper recognition of their ap ditions, but under the provisions of law they are not entitled to· certified copies great deal of confusion which exists to plication for a separate and independent day for these people, and would entitle Bossier City office. I do not have these of their citizenship once repatriated. There are now. thousands of persons them upon request to immediate docu articles 'before me for w;e ·at. the present mentary proof furnished by our Govern time but at some later date I will have awaiting · this documentation which ment of their American nationality. an opportunity to give these articles to would enable them to be registered vot I trust that the appropriate commit the Congress. ers, or to qualify for employment where tee to which this legislation will be re I can see no reason why there should citizenship is essential, and for countless ferred will take immediate action and not be an independent post office for other activities in which positive Amer that this legislation will receive the Bossier. Not only is Bossier the seventh ican citizenship must :Je established. . wholehearted sµpport of my colleagues.
wildernesses shall blossom as the rose form the duties of the Chair· during my SENATE and when, in a better order of human abset1ce. society, pity and plent'y and laughter WALTER F. GEORGE, THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 1955 shall return to the common ways of man. President pro tempore.