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An Illustrated Key to the Rosaceae of Alberta

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An Illustrated Key to the Rosaceae of Alberta AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE ROSACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Moss (1983), Douglas et. al. (1998), the Flora North America Associaton (2008), and (for the genus Crataegus) Phipps and O’Kennon (2007). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please let us know if there are ways in which the key can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotc species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). ROSACEAE Rose Family Key to Genera 01a Plants herbs or low, semi-shrubs, mostly dying back to the (sometimes woody) base each 3a year and without erect woody branches ...02 01b Plants woody, shrubs or trees with erect woody branches ...........................14 02a Plants low, mat-forming, evergreen semi- shrubs .............................03 02b Plants mostly herbs with erect stems, not mat- forming ............................04 03a Leaves leathery, simple (undivided), 1-3 cm 3b long, oblong, smooth edged or blunt toothed, white-woolly beneath; fruits dry, seed-like achenes tipped with long feathery styles; fowers single; petals 8-10 ..........Dryas 03b Leaves fan-shaped, 2-3 times divided in 3s itno sharp-pointed, linear segments; fruits dry, 4-seeded pods (follicles); fowers 5-20(30) in dense, elongated clusters; petals 5 ........ .................... Luetkea pectinata 04a Fruits 2 achenes within a hardened, grooved base (hypanthium) and crowned with a tuft of hooked bristles; fowers yellow, in a narrow, spike-like raceme ....... Agrimonia striata 04b Fruits and fowers not as above .........05 05a Plants 1-2 m tall; leaves 2- to 3-times divided in 3s into stalked, ovate leafets, glandular hairy; 4a fowers white, 1 mm long in slender-branched panicles; male and female fowers on separate 6a plants; stamens 15-30; fruit a pod (follicle) ... ................... Aruncus dioicus S1 [Aruncus acuminatus; Aruncus sylvester] 05b Plants <1m tall; leaves, fowers and fruits not as above ...........................06 06a Fruits tiny druplets fused into feshy clusters 6b 5a (like raspberries); fowers with 5 sepals and no bractlets .......................Rubus 06b Fruits small, dry, seed-like achenes, these are sometimes on a feshy receptacle (strawberries); fowers usually with 5 sepals alternating with 5 similar bractlets (often appearing like 10 sepals); .............07 07a Plants erect, 10-30 cm tall, glandular hairy; leaves 2- to 4-times divided in 3s into linear 0.2-1 mm wide lobes; petals white; sepals and petals 1.8-2.5 mm long; dry sites in the s half 7a of AB .............Chamaerhodos erecta 07b Plants not as above ..................08 08a Basal leaves with 3 leafets. .09 08b Basal leaves with >3 leafets ...........12 3 09a Plants with stolons; achenes on feshy heads (strawberries); petals white ........Fragaria 09b Plants without stolons; achenes in dry heads, usually surrounded by persistent sepals; petals white or yellow .................10 9a 10a Leafets 1-3 cm long, wedge-shaped at the 10a base, tipped with 3(5) coarse teeth Sibbaldia 10b Leafets not as above .................11 11a Plants growing on wet soil or in water, usually sprawling and rooting at the nodes but without stolons; leaves pinnately divided into 5(7) leafets; petals maroon to purple, much shorter 12a → than the reddish sepals. .Comarum palustre .................. [Potentilla palustris] 11b Plants not normally in water, usually erect but sometimes sprawling and with stolons; leaves various; petals yellow, often ≥sepals .....12 11a 12a Plants glandular hairy; leaves pinnately divided into 5-11 leafets; petals white to pale yellow; styles slender, spindle-shaped, attached near the base of the ovary/achene (→) .......... .........Drymocallis [Potentilla, in part] → 12b Plants rarely glandular hairy; leaves various, palmately or pinnately divided; petals yellow; styles tapered from the base, attached near 13a the top of the ovary/achene (see 13a →) . .13 13a Styles shed at maturity, shorter than to ≈ twice as long as the achene, not hooked, feathery or 13b jointed near the middle ..........Potentilla 13b Styles persisting at maturity, much longer than the achene, often hooked, feathery and/or with a bend/joint near the middle .........Geum 14a 14b 14a Fruit a pome (sometimes berry-like) developed from an inferior ovary within and fused to a feshy hypanthium, usually tipped with remnants of the sepals ................15 14b Fruits various (drupes, achenes, pods/follicles) 15a but not pomes, developed from superior ovaries that are free from the hypanthium (rose hips superfcially resemble pomes) . .19 15a Leaves pinnately divided into leafets; fower/ fruit clusters repeatedly branched, fat-topped (corymbs) ..................... Sorbus 15b Leaves simple; fowers/fruits not as above . 16 16a 16a Leaf edges smooth . Cotoneaster lucidus X .............. [Cotoneaster acutifolius] 16b Leaf edges toothed ...................17 17a Branches with stout thorns; fruits frm, yellow, red to nearly black pomes with 1-5, 1-seeded carpels, each with a hard, shell-like covering; leaves irregularly sharp-toothed or lobed, tapered to a wedge-shaped base . Crataegus 17b Branches lacking true thorns (sometimes with 17a thorn-like spurs on short shoots); fruits feshy to frm, containing 2-seeded carpels without a hard covering; leaves not as above ......18 4 18a Flowers/fruits in elongated clusters (racemes); fruits feshy, berry-like, purple to black at maturity; seeds tiny, few or absent, not hardened; leaves usually toothed on upper half only; native ......Amelanchier alnifolia 18b Flowers/fruits in fat-topped, umbel-like clusters (panicles); fruits frm, apple-like, yellow to red; 18a exotic (note: naturalized crabapples trees grow in and around Edmonton, but none have been collected and identifed to species. Collections are needed for identifcation) . Malus spp. X 18b 19a Seeds single, with a boney covering (stone); fruits feshy drupes; leaves simple .. Prunus 19b Seeds 2 or more per fruit; fruits various, but not drupes; leaves simple or divided .....20 20a Leaves simple .......................21 20b Leaves divided into leafets (compound) . .23 19a 21a Fruits tiny druplets fused together in feshy clusters (e.g. raspberries) ..........Rubus 21b Fruits dry pods, 2-5/fower, 2- to 4-seeded . 22 21a 22a Leaves palmately 3- to 5-lobed, irregularly double-toothed and with star-shaped hairs (at least beneath); fower stalks and sepals with 22b star-shaped hairs ...................... .............Physocarpus malvaceus S1 22b Leaves simple, usually toothed; leaves and fowers lacking star-shaped hairs ...Spiraea 23a Stems armed with bristles, prickles and/or thorns; fruits feshy; sepal bractlets absent 24 23b Stems without bristles, prickles or thorns; 22a fruits dry pods (follicles) or achenes; bractlets alternating with the sepals .............25 24a Fruits tiny druplets fused together in feshy clusters (e.g. raspberries) ..........Rubus 24b Fruits bristly achenes enclosed in a feshy, 24b red to orange receptacle (rose hip) that superfcially resembles a pome ......Rosa 24a 25a Shrubs 1-3 m tall, rhizomatous, often forming thickets, invasive exotic; leaves 14-30 cm long, pinnately divided into (9)11-21(29) leafets; fowers white, 10-14 mm across, numerous, in pyramidal clusters (panicles) (7)10-15(34) cm long ............... Sorbaria sorbifolia X 25b Shrubs 0.3-1 m tall, usually single or clumped, native (though cultivars are used in landscaping); leaves 0.5-2.6 cm long, pinnately (almost palmately) divided into (3)5(7) leafets; fowers yellow, 15-30 mm across, in clusters of 1-7 (rarely more) ......Dasiphora fruticosa ..................[Potentilla fruticosa; 25a ............ Pentaphylloides foribunda] 25b 5 3a CRATAEGUS Hawthorn Key to Crataegus In Fruit (Adapted from J.B. Phipps & R.J. O’Kennon, 2007) 01a Ripe fruit burgundy to black (immature fruit often reddish-purple). .02 01b Ripe fruit bright to dull red, sometimes slightly purple tinged (plum-red) ...............07 4a 02a Sides of nutlets clearly concave .........03 02b Nutlet sides fat to very slightly concave ...06 03a Thorns 3-5 cm long; fruits ellipsoidal, glossy, usually hanging in large clusters; calyx lobes long, narrow, ± spreading and prominent .... ...........Crataegus cupressocollina S1 03b Thorns 1.5-5.5 cm long; fruits ellipsoidal to round or top-shaped, not noticeably glossy, rarely both hanging and in large clusters; calyx lobes short to long, relatively wide .......04 04a Thorns 3.0-5.5 cm long; calyx lobes 2.5 mm long, curved back; mature fruits burgundy in early September Crataegus aquacervensisS2 04b Thorns 1.5-3 cm long; calyx lobes 3-4 mm, ± fat-lying (appressed); mature fruits purple to 5b black in August to early September ......05 05a Fruit ripe and dead black in late August, ± 5a ellipsoidal, borne on hairless branches; shrubs 6a tall and slender; thorns simple (unbranched) . .................. Crataegus douglasii 05b Fruit purplish/wine-colored in early September, dark purple to purple-black when ripe, ± spherical, borne on somewhat hairy branches (hairs can be hard to see); shrubs usually dense and twiggy; thorns often double and triple ........Crataegus castlegarensisS1
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