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Home , Agrimonia, Agrimonia striata, Argentina (plant), Argentina anserina, Aruncus, Aruncus sylvester

AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE OF

Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen

April 2019

© Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Moss (1983), Douglas et. al. (1998), the Flora Associaton (2008), and (for the ) Phipps and O’Kennon (2007). follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please let us know if there are ways in which the key can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotc species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). ROSACEAE Key to Genera 01a herbs or low, semi-, mostly dying back to the (sometimes woody) base each 3a year and without erect woody branches ...02 01b Plants woody, shrubs or with erect woody branches ...... 14 02a Plants low, mat-forming, evergreen semi- shrubs ...... 03 02b Plants mostly herbs with erect stems, not mat- forming ...... 04 03a leathery, simple (undivided), 1-3 cm 3b long, oblong, smooth edged or blunt toothed, white-woolly beneath; dry, -like tipped with long feathery styles; fowers single; 8-10 ...... 03b Leaves fan-shaped, 2-3 times divided in 3s itno sharp-pointed, linear segments; fruits dry, 4-seeded pods (follicles); fowers 5-20(30) in dense, elongated clusters; petals 5 ...... pectinata 04a Fruits 2 achenes within a hardened, grooved base () and crowned with a tuft of hooked bristles; fowers yellow, in a narrow, spike-like ...... striata 04b Fruits and fowers not as above ...... 05 05a Plants 1-2 m tall; leaves 2- to 3-times divided in 3s into stalked, ovate leafets, glandular hairy; 4a fowers white, 1 mm long in slender-branched panicles; male and female fowers on separate 6a plants; 15-30; a pod () ...... dioicus S1 [Aruncus acuminatus; ] 05b Plants <1m tall; leaves, fowers and fruits not as above ...... 06 06a Fruits tiny druplets fused into feshy clusters 6b 5a (like ); fowers with 5 and no bractlets ...... 06b Fruits small, dry, seed-like achenes, these are sometimes on a feshy (); fowers usually with 5 sepals alternating with 5 similar bractlets (often appearing like 10 sepals); ...... 07 07a Plants erect, 10-30 cm tall, glandular hairy; leaves 2- to 4-times divided in 3s into linear 0.2-1 mm wide lobes; petals white; sepals and petals 1.8-2.5 mm long; dry sites in the s half 7a of AB ...... erecta 07b Plants not as above ...... 08 08a leaves with 3 leafets...... 09 08b Basal leaves with >3 leafets ...... 12

3 09a Plants with stolons; achenes on feshy heads (strawberries); petals white ...... 09b Plants without stolons; achenes in dry heads, usually surrounded by persistent sepals; petals white or yellow ...... 10 9a 10a Leafets 1-3 cm long, wedge-shaped at the 10a base, tipped with 3(5) coarse teeth 10b Leafets not as above ...... 11 11a Plants growing on wet or in water, usually sprawling and rooting at the nodes but without stolons; leaves pinnately divided into 5(7) leafets; petals maroon to purple, much shorter 12a → than the reddish sepals. . palustre ...... [ palustris] 11b Plants not normally in water, usually erect but sometimes sprawling and with stolons; leaves various; petals yellow, often ≥sepals .....12 11a 12a Plants glandular hairy; leaves pinnately divided into 5-11 leafets; petals white to pale yellow; styles slender, spindle-shaped, attached near the base of the / (→) ...... [Potentilla, in part] → 12b Plants rarely glandular hairy; leaves various, palmately or pinnately divided; petals yellow; styles tapered from the base, attached near 13a the top of the ovary/achene (see 13a →) . .13 13a Styles shed at maturity, shorter than to ≈ twice as long as the achene, not hooked, feathery or 13b jointed near the middle ...... Potentilla 13b Styles persisting at maturity, much longer than the achene, often hooked, feathery and/or with a bend/joint near the middle ...... 14a 14b 14a Fruit a (sometimes -like) developed from an inferior ovary within and fused to a feshy hypanthium, usually tipped with remnants of the sepals ...... 15 14b Fruits various (, achenes, pods/follicles) 15a but not , developed from superior ovaries that are free from the hypanthium (rose hips superfcially resemble pomes) . .19 15a Leaves pinnately divided into leafets; fower/ fruit clusters repeatedly branched, fat-topped (corymbs) ...... 15b Leaves simple; fowers/fruits not as above . 16 16a 16a edges smooth . . lucidus X ...... [Cotoneaster acutifolius] 16b Leaf edges toothed ...... 17 17a Branches with stout thorns; fruits frm, yellow, red to nearly black pomes with 1-5, 1-seeded carpels, each with a hard, shell-like covering; leaves irregularly sharp-toothed or lobed, tapered to a wedge-shaped base . Crataegus 17b Branches lacking true thorns (sometimes with 17a thorn-like spurs on short ); fruits feshy to frm, containing 2-seeded carpels without a hard covering; leaves not as above ...... 18

4 18a /fruits in elongated clusters (); fruits feshy, berry-like, purple to black at maturity; tiny, few or absent, not hardened; leaves usually toothed on upper half only; native ...... alnifolia 18b Flowers/fruits in fat-topped, -like clusters (panicles); fruits frm, -like, yellow to red; 18a exotic (note: naturalized crabapples trees grow in and around Edmonton, but none have been collected and identifed to species. Collections are needed for identifcation) . . spp. X

18b 19a Seeds single, with a boney covering (stone); fruits feshy drupes; leaves simple .. 19b Seeds 2 or more per fruit; fruits various, but not drupes; leaves simple or divided .....20 20a Leaves simple ...... 21 20b Leaves divided into leafets (compound) . .23

19a 21a Fruits tiny druplets fused together in feshy clusters (e.g. raspberries) ...... Rubus 21b Fruits dry pods, 2-5/fower, 2- to 4-seeded . 22 21a 22a Leaves palmately 3- to 5-lobed, irregularly double-toothed and with star-shaped hairs (at least beneath); fower stalks and sepals with 22b star-shaped hairs ...... malvaceus S1 22b Leaves simple, usually toothed; leaves and fowers lacking star-shaped hairs ... 23a Stems armed with bristles, prickles and/or thorns; fruits feshy; bractlets absent 24 23b Stems without bristles, prickles or thorns; 22a fruits dry pods (follicles) or achenes; bractlets alternating with the sepals ...... 25 24a Fruits tiny druplets fused together in feshy clusters (e.g. raspberries) ...... Rubus 24b Fruits bristly achenes enclosed in a feshy, 24b red to receptacle () that superfcially resembles a pome ...... Rosa

24a 25a Shrubs 1-3 m tall, rhizomatous, often forming thickets, invasive exotic; leaves 14-30 cm long, pinnately divided into (9)11-21(29) leafets; fowers white, 10-14 mm across, numerous, in pyramidal clusters (panicles) (7)10-15(34) cm long ...... sorbifolia X 25b Shrubs 0.3-1 m tall, usually single or clumped, native (though are used in landscaping); leaves 0.5-2.6 cm long, pinnately (almost palmately) divided into (3)5(7) leafets; fowers yellow, 15-30 mm across, in clusters of 1-7 (rarely more) ...... fruticosa ...... [Potentilla fruticosa; 25a ...... Pentaphylloides foribunda]

25b

5 3a CRATAEGUS Hawthorn Key to Crataegus In Fruit (Adapted from J.B. Phipps & R.J. O’Kennon, 2007) 01a Ripe fruit burgundy to black (immature fruit often reddish-purple)...... 02 01b Ripe fruit bright to dull red, sometimes slightly purple tinged (-red) ...... 07 4a 02a Sides of nutlets clearly concave ...... 03 02b Nutlet sides fat to very slightly concave ...06 03a Thorns 3-5 cm long; fruits ellipsoidal, glossy, usually hanging in large clusters; calyx lobes long, narrow, ± spreading and prominent ...... Crataegus cupressocollina S1 03b Thorns 1.5-5.5 cm long; fruits ellipsoidal to round or top-shaped, not noticeably glossy, rarely both hanging and in large clusters; calyx lobes short to long, relatively wide ...... 04 04a Thorns 3.0-5.5 cm long; calyx lobes 2.5 mm long, curved back; mature fruits burgundy in early September Crataegus aquacervensisS2 04b Thorns 1.5-3 cm long; calyx lobes 3-4 mm, ± fat-lying (appressed); mature fruits purple to 5b black in August to early September ...... 05 05a Fruit ripe and dead black in late August, ± 5a ellipsoidal, borne on hairless branches; shrubs 6a tall and slender; thorns simple (unbranched) ...... 05b Fruit purplish/wine-colored in early September, dark purple to purple-black when ripe, ± spherical, borne on somewhat hairy branches (hairs can be hard to see); shrubs usually dense and twiggy; thorns often double and triple ...... Crataegus castlegarensisS1 06a Thorns 1.5-3(4) cm long, usually stout and conical, usually straight; fruits burgundy to reddish plum, ± hairy, on ± densely hairy stalks ...... Crataegus rivuloadamensis S2 06b Thorns 2.75-5.0 cm long, slender, often curved back; fruits reddish or deep purple, ±hairless, 6b on moderately hairy to hairless stalks...... Crataegus rivulopugnensis S1 (in part) 07a Nutlets with concave or pitted sides ...... 08 07b Nutlets with fat sides ...... 10 08a Leaves egg-shaped to broadly elliptical, shallowly lobed; mature leaves with impressed veins; calyx lobes deeply saw-toothed; leaf stalks without glands; nutlets pitted ...... S1 08b Leaves egg-shaped to almost round, shallowly to deeply lobed; mature leaves smooth 8a surfaced, without signifcantly impressed veins; calyx lobes barely toothed; leaf stalks glandular; nutlets various ...... 09

6 9a

09a Leaves egg-shaped, with deep, sharp-pointed lobes; thorns stout, usually 3.5-5.5(7) cm long; calyx lobes usually fat-lying to fruit; nutlets with deeply concave sides ...... S2 9b ...... Crataegus rubribracteolata 09b Leaves broad, often as long as wide, with shallow, broad-pointed lobes; thorns relatively slender, usually 3-5 cm long; calyx lobes usually spreading in fruit; nutlets irregularly pitted or diagonally scarred...... Crataegus sheridana S2 10a Leaf blades (5.5)7(9) cm long; thorns stout, 10a usually ± curved backwards, 4-7 cm long ...... Crataegus ursopedensis SU 10b Leaf blades 3-5 cm long; thorns slender to moderately stout, usually 3-4 cm long ....11 11a 11a Thorns moderately stout, straight or slightly 11b curved backwards, 3-5(6) cm long; anthers ivory ...... 11b Thorns slender, usually curved backwards, 2-4 cm long; anthers pink ...... Crataegus rivulopugnensis S1 (in part) ------

Key to Crataegus In (Adapted from J.B. Phipps & R.J. O’Kennon, 2007) 01a Anthers pink ...... 02 4a 01b Anthers white to cream-colored ...... 07 2a 02a Leaf stalks without glands; calyx lobes edged with glandular teeth...... Crataegus macracantha S1 02b Leaf stalks with glands (glands sometimes quite small) ...... 03 03a Thorns 1.5-3 cm long, usually straight ....04 03b Thorns 3-5 cm long, usually curved backwards...... 06 5a 04a Flower clusters hairless Crataegus douglasii 04b Flower clusters thinly to densely hairy ....05 5b 05a Flowers 12-15 mm across; leaves usually lacking sharply pointed lobes ...... Crataegus castlegarensis S1 05b Flowers 17-21 mm across; leaves edged with sharply pointed lobes ...... Crataegus rivuloadamensis S2

06a Flowers 17-19 mm across; fower clusters moderately hairy; thorns stout, 3.0-5.5 cm 6a long ...... Crataegus aquacervensis S2 06b Flowers 11-17 mm across; fower clusters 6b nearly hairless to somewhat hairy; thorns slender, 3.0-3.5 cm long ...... Crataegus rivulopugnensis S1

7 07a Two- to fve-year-old twigs often orange- brown; stalks of young fower-clusters with numerous small (bracteoles) of varying size and form but with few to no glands ...... Crataegus cupressocollina S1 07b Two- to fve-year-old twigs gray or dull brown; 8a stalks of young fower-clusters with few to many small bracts (bracteoles) all of similar form and edged with glands ...... 08 08a Bracteoles in young fower clusters strongly 7a -red; expanding bud scales red ...... Crataegus rubribracteolata S2 08b Bracteoles in young fower clusters pale, sometimes pink- or red-tinged (especially near the edges); expanding bud scales variously colored but never rich red throughout .....09 9a 09a Flowers 20 mm across; thorns stout, 4-7 cm long, usually curved backwards ...... 10a ...... Crataegus ursopedensis S1 09b Flowers 15-18 mm across; thorns slender to 10b somewhat stout, mainly 3-4(5) cm long, curved or straight ...... 10 10a Leaves often 0.8-1.0 times as wide as long, widest near middle Crataegus sheridana S2 10b Leaf blades 0.6-0.8 times as wide as long, ------widest near base. . .Crataegus chrysocarpa

1a DRYAS Mountain-avens 01a Petals yellow, not wide spreading; fowers usually nodding; stamens with hairy stalks (flaments); leaves wedge-shaped at the base ...... 01b Petals white, wide spreading; fowers usually facing upwards; flaments hairless; leaves squared, rounded or notched at the base . .02 2a 02a Leaves edged with rounded teeth/lobes, 2b strongly wrinkled on the upper surface; midvein prominent beneath and with stalked brown glands ...... Dryas hookeriana ...... [] 02b Leaves ± smooth edged or with a few teeth towards base, relatively smooth on the upper surface; midvein not prominent beneath and lacking stalked glands. . . . ------

1a DRYMOCALLIS Woodbeauty 1b 01a Flower clusters relatively compact, crowded; petals white, little longer than the sepals; plants robust, 40-100 cm tall...... [Potentilla arguta] 01b Flower clusters open; petals white to yellow, much longer than the sepals; plants slender, 15-30 cm tall . Drymocallis pseudorupestris ...... [Potentilla glandulosa]

8 FRAGARIA 01a Leaf teeth pointing outwards, the terminal tooth usually projecting beyond the two 1a adjacent teeth; upper leaf surfaces somewhat silky-hairy; mature fower clusters usually taller than the leaves ...... 01b Leaf teeth pointing towards the tip, the terminal 1b tooth usually shorter than the two adjacent teeth; upper leaf surfaces hairless; mature fower clusters usually shorter than the leaves ------......

1a GEUM Avens 01a Styles not obviously jointed, long, feathery and persistent in fruit; leaves basal plus one pair (opposite) on the stem .....Geum triforum 01b Styles jointed, hooked (and snagging) in fruit after shedding the feathery tip; leaves basal plus several alternate leaves on the stem .02 2a 02a Petals purplish or purple-veined; sepals erect (not spreading), 7-10 mm long; mature fowers nodding ...... 02b Petals yellow; sepals bent back, 3-8 mm long; mature fowers facing upwards (erect) ....03 03a Styles glandular-hairy (at least near the base); uppermost (tip) segment of the basal leaves shallowly 3-lobed and rounded to notched at the base ...... 03b Styles not glandular; uppermost (tip) segment 3a 3b of basal leaves deeply cut into (3)5-7 lobes and wedge-shaped at the base ......

------POTENTILLA Cinquefoil [see also Comarum, Dasiphora, and Drymocallis] 01a Plants stoloniferous; stems long and slender, becoming prostrate, rooting at some nodes; flowers solitary from stolon nodes ..(Section Pentaphylloides) ...... Potentilla anserina ...... [ anserina] 01b Plants not stoloniferous; stems sprawling to 1a erect but not rooting at the nodes; fowers usually in fat-topped clusters (cymes), sometimes in elongated clusters or solitary 02 02a Stems growing from the centers of short- lived basal rosettes, the main leaves on the stem; plants usually growing in disturbed or seasonally wet habitats...... 03 02b Stems growing from the sides of persistent basal rosettes, the main leaves basal; plants usually growing in , alpine and prairie habitats ...... 09

9 03a Plants annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial; leaves palmately to pinnately divided; petals (1)1.5-5 mm long; styles slightly to strongly bumpy-swollen for ± the whole length, 0.5-0.8 mm long; plants primarily of seasonally wet 4a habitats...... 04 03b Plants perennial; leaves usually palmately divided, rarely trifoliate; petals (2)2.5-10(13) mm long; styles not bumpy-swollen throughout (may be somewhat so on the lower 1/5-1/2), 5a 0.6-1.5 mm long; plants mainly in ± disturbed habitats ...... 08 4b 04a Leaves pinnately divided into 5-9 leafets . .05 04b Leaves palmately divided into 3-5 leafets .06 05a Leafets 5-9, on the upper (1/4)1/2-2/3 of the leaf stalk; mature achenes usually wrinkled, with a smooth corky crest ≈ the rest of the achene; stamens 20(25); petals ≈ sepals ...... [Potentilla paradoxa] 05b Leafets 5(7), crowded on the upper 1/5 of the 6a stalk (on lower leaves) and on the upper 1/2 of the stalk (on stem leaves); achenes ± smooth, 5b without a corky crest; stamens (5)10(15); petals ±1/2 as long as sepals . 06a Lower stems and leaf stalks with stiff, coarse 7b hairs often with blister-like (pustular) bases; achenes strongly wavy-wrinkled, tan to brown, 0.8-1.5 mm long; stamens 15-20, anthers 0.3-0.5 7a mm; petals ≈ sepals ..... 06b Lower stems and leaf stalks soft-hairy; achenes ± smooth, white or yellowish, 0.5-0.9 mm long; stamens (5)10-15; anthers 0.2-0.3 mm; petals ±1/2 as long as sepals ...... 07 07a Lower stem leaves usually with 5 leafets; stem bases and leaf stalks with 0-few, inconspicuous glands; sepals hairy but without glands ...... Potentilla rivalis 07b Lower stem leaves with 3 leafets; stem bases and leaf stalks with few to many, conspicuous glandular hairs (up to 1 mm long and divided 8b by partitions); sepals glandular hairy ...... SU 08a Leafets green beneath, without cottony and/ or crinkly hairs; leaf stalks with long, stiff, 8a spreading hairs; fower bases (hypanthia) 5-9 mm wide...... XXX 08b Leafets green to white beneath, with sparse to dense (sometimes no) crinkly and/or cottony hairs; leaf stalks with long, soft, loosely appressed to spreading hairs; fower bases 2-5 mm wide ...... X

9a 09a Leaves pinnate to sub-pinnate, or palmate 9b with additional side leafets; leafets on the uppermost (1/10)1/6-9/10 of the leaf stalk .10 09b Leaves trifoliate to palmately divided; leafets sometimes crowded on the upper 1/6 of the leaf stalk, but then pale gray to white beneath with abundant cottony hairs ...... 24

10 10a Styles 0.5-1.3(1.5) mm long, cylindrical- to conical-tapered, rarely slender/thread-like .11 10b Styles (1)1.5-3(3.5) mm long, thread-like to slender-tapered, rarely cylindrical ...... 16 11a Plants usually <20 cm tall; stipules of the upper stem leaves smooth-edged; styles bumpy and swollen at base only (if at all); fower clusters crowded to open . Potentilla bimundorum S2 ...... [Potentilla multifda] 11b Plants usually >20 cm tall; stipules of the upper stem leaves usually toothed, at least 11a at the base; styles bumpy and swollen on the lower 1/4-3/4 or more; fower clusters usually crowded (may open/elongate in fruit) .....12 13a 12a Basal leaves distinctly pinnate; leafets (2)3- 6(9) per side on upper (1/3)1/2-3/5 of the leaf stalk, usually white to greyish beneath with abundant short (not cottony/crinkly) hairs which are sometimes obscure but rarely absent; fower bractlets 1-2 times as long at the sepals, ± down-rolled at the edges ....13 12b Basal leaves sub-pinnate to almost palmate; leafets (1)2-3 per side on upper 1/6-1/3(1/2) of the leaf stalk, lower surfaces hairless or with 13b sparse to obscure short and/or cottony hairs, occasionally with dense cottony/crinkly hairs; fower bractlets 1/2-1 times as long as the sepals, with or without down-rolled edges .14 13a Leafets with 4-8(10) teeth per side, cut about 3/4 of the way to the midvein, leaving an undivided, 2-4(8) mm wide strip down the middle of the blade; fower bractlets ≈ sepals; 14a growing on a wide range of sites throughout much of AB ...... 13b Leafets with 8-12 teeth per side, cut ± 1/2 way to the midvein, leaving an undivided, 5-9 mm wide strip down the middle of the blade; fower bractlets 1-2 times as long as the sepals; growing on sandy sites in sAB ...... Potentilla lasiodonta [Potentilla fnitima] 14a Sepal glands absent, sparse, or obscure; leafets usually white beneath with ± dense, 15a cottony/crinkly hairs Potentilla bipinnatifda 14b Sepal glands abundant, evident at least near the tips; leafets usually green to grayish beneath, lacking cottony hairs but crinkly hairs absent to abundant ...... 15 15a Flower bractlets 2/3-1 times as long as the sepals, with ± down-rolled edges (at least in fruit); stems (4)10-45(60) cm long; widespread in North America at 0-2200 m a.s.l...... Potentilla litoralis 15b ....[Potentilla pensylvanica var. litoralis] 15b Flower bractlets 1/2-3/4 times as long as the sepals, with fat edges; stems (2)5-26 cm long; in the Great Basin and surrounding mountains (AB foothills) at 2500-3700 m a.s.l...... Potentilla jepsonii S1 .....[Potentilla pensylvanica var. ovium]

11 16a Leaves usually with (3)5 leafets at the tip of the leaf stalk plus 1(2) additional pair of side leafets 3-20 mm below (sometimes pinnate); leaf surfaces very dissimilar, white beneath with cottony and straight hairs, green above with some straight hairs; leaf stalk hairs long 16a and spreading on frst-formed leaves, tightly appressed to ascending on late-formed leaves; alpine slopes at 3400-4000 m a.s.l. . . SH 18a ...... Potentilla subjuga [in part] 16b Leaves pinnate to sub-pinnate, usually with 3 tip leafets (these often merging) and >2 additional pairs below; leaf surfaces similar to very dissimilar; leaf stalk hairs long to absent, weak to stiff, tightly appressed to spreading; various habitats at 300-3800 m a.s.l...... 17 17a Leafets evenly or unevenly cut 1/2 to all the way to the midvein (sometimes smooth- edged); stems usually sprawling or sometimes ascending, (3)5-30(50) cm long; lower fower stalks often not much longer than the upper ones ...... 18 17b Leafets usually ± evenly cut <1/2 way to the 19a midvein (sometimes smooth-edged); stems ascending to erect, (3)15-70(80) cm long; lower fower stalks usually much longer than the upper ones ...... 21 18a Leafets 2-4 per side on the upper 1/10- 1/2(3/4) of the leaf stalk, cut ± 1/2 way to the midvein (but often with some cuts nearly to the midvein), green on both surfaces ...... S2 (in part) 18b Leafets usually >4 per side and/or on the upper >1/5 of the leaf stalk, mostly cut >1/2 way to the midvein, green to grayish green or white on one or both surfaces...... 19 19a Largest leafets usually ± palmately or unevenly cut into linear to almost egg-shaped teeth/segments, sometimes double- or triple- toothed or smooth-edged; uppermost leafets ± merged ... Potentilla macounii S1 (in part) 19b Largest leafets (at least the uppermost ones) pinnately cut into linear or linear-lance-shaped 20a; teeth; uppermost leafets ± separate .....20 21a 20a Leafet hairs straight, 1-2 mm long, loosely fat-lying, forming 0.5-2 mm tufts at leaf-tooth tips; alpine ridges, rocky slopes, dry hillsides at 1500-3800 m a.s.l...... Potentilla ovina 20b Leafet hairs straight, ± 0.5 mm, tightly fat- lying, forming <0.5 mm tufts at leaf-tooth tips; moist meadows, stream sides, lake margins at 300-2900 m...... Potentilla plattensis S2 21a Leafets green to grayish or silvery beneath, usually with few or no crinkly/cottony hairs ...... Potentilla ovina 20b 21b Leafets white to gray beneath with abundant crinkly/cottony hairs ...... 22

12 22a Flower bractlets usually less hairy beneath than the sepals, often hairless at the tips, with few to no straight hairs and abundant cottony hairs (usually at the base); side leafets evenly to unevenly paired, with (1)4-9 teeth per side on the upper (1/2)2/3-3/4 (rarely more), upper and lower surfaces both with abundant cottony hairs ...... Potentilla effusa SU ...... [ var. effusa] 22b Flower bractlets with similar or slightly less hair than the sepals, with ± abundant straight hairs and with or without abundant crisped 22a 23a or cottoy hairs (rarely hairless); side leafets usually evenly paired, with (5)7-12(18) teeth per side on the upper (2/3)3/4+, the surfaces dissimilar, with crinkly-cottony hairs abundant beneath and absent to common above ...23 23a Leafets (2)3-6(7) per side, the uppermost pairs with bases extending down the leaf stalk, often merging with the tip leafet, upper and lower surfaces slightly to strongly dissimilar; mid- elevation plants at 500-3400 m a.s.l ...... Potentilla hippiana 23b 23b Leafets 2(3) per side, uppermost pairs not extending down the leaf stalk at their bases or merging with tip leafet, upper and lower surfaces strongly dissimilar; high elevation plants at 3400-4000 m a.s.l...... Potentilla subjuga SH [in part] 24a Styles 0.5-1.3(1.5) mm long, conical-tapered to cylindrical-tapered, rarely slender and thread-like ...... 25 24b Styles (1)1.5-3(3.5) mm long, slender/thread- 25a like to tapered, rarely cylindrical ...... 33 25a Leafets pale green beneath (sometimes grayish), sparsely to abundantly hairy but without cottony hairs .. ...... [Potentilla nana] 25b Leafets gray to white beneath (sometimes yellowish white or reddish) with abundant cottony and/or crinkly hairs ...... 26 26a Leafets 3, rarely more, on all basal leaves 27 26b Leafets 3-5(7), usually >3 on at least some leaves...... 31 27a Flower bractlets usually ≤1/2 as wide as sepals and fat edged; leaf stalks either cottony hairy or ± stiff hairy and covered in warty bumps; fowers usually in clusters; central leafets with 27a (2)3-8(12) teeth per side, these cut <1/2 way to the midvein and on the upper (1/2)3/4 of the blade (see P. villosa note below) ...... 28 27b Flower bractlets (1/2)2/3+ as wide as the sepals, often with down-rolled edges; leaf stalk hairs mainly soft to weak and smooth; fowers often single; central leafets with (1)2-3(4) teeth per side, these cut (1/3)1/2-3/4 of the way to the midvein and on the upper (1/3)1/2-2/3(3/4) 27b of the blade (except P. villosa , with 3-7 teeth per side cut 1/4-1/2 way to the midvein) ...29

13 28a Leaf stalks with long, usually stiff, spreading to ± ascending hairs and covered in warty bumps; central leafets usually on short (≤5 mm) stalks ...... Potentilla arenosa SU 28a ...... [ var. arenosa] 28b Leaf stalks with abundant cottony hairs (long straight, hairs usually absent, if present mostly soft, smooth and fat-lying, not ± ascending); central leafets ± stalkless .. Potentilla nivea 29a Flowers in clusters of (1)2-3(4); plants loosely to densely tufted; thickened basal branches not covered in persistent dead leaves; central leafets with (2)3-6(7), ± crowded to 28b well-spaced teeth per side; leafets usually ± overlapping, with mostly broadly wedge- shaped to rounded bases, grayish green with abundant to dense hairs on the upper/inner surface ...... Potentilla villosula S1 ...... [ ssp. congesta] 29b Flowers in clusters of 1-2 (rarely 3-5); plants forming dense tufts or cushions; thickened basal branches often covered in persistent, dead leaves; central leafets with (1)2-3(4), usually widely spaced teeth per side; leafets separate to slightly overlapping, with wedge- shaped/tapered bases, dark green to greenish or yellowish gray with sparse to ± abundant 29a hairs on the upper/inner surface ...... 30 30a 30a Leaf stalk hairs long, weak (rarely stiff) plus 0-few crinkly/cottony; plants usually forming cushions; basal leaves 0.5-2.5(3) cm long; alpine...... Potentilla subvahliana SU ...... [Potentilla vahliana, in part] 30b Leaf stalk hairs crinkly/cottony and (usually) long, soft; plants in dense tufts or cushions; basal leaves 1-10(15) cm long; subalpine to alpine ...... Potentilla subgorodkovii SU ...... [Potentilla unifora/vahliana group]

31a 31a Flower clusters ± compact, with branch angles 10-35˚; fower stalks 2-7 mm long, the lowest stalks to 12(15) mm; glands absent or obscure 30b on sepals (except in YT); leaves grayish to silvery on the upper/inner side, with 3-5 fnger- like (digitate) leafets (rarely ± pinnate); leafets cut ≥3/4 to the midrib Potentilla hudsonii SU 31a Flower clusters ± open, branch angles (10)20- 60˚; fower stalks 5-30 mm long, lowest stalks to 50 mm; sessile glands evident on the 32b sepals; leaves green to grayish on the upper/ inner side, with 3-5 digitate to slightly pinnate leafets; leafets cut 1/2-3/4+ to the midrib .32 32a Stems 15-40 cm long; basal leafets with (4)5- 8 teeth per side; fowers in clusters of 4-20; thickened fower bases (hypanthia) 4-6 mm wide ...... Potentilla rubricaulis SU ...... [Potentilla nivea ssp. rubricaulis] 32b Stems (3)5-20 cm long; basal leafets with 2-6 teeth per side; fowers in clusters of 1-6(8); 32a thickened fower bases 3-4 mm wide ...... Potentilla hookeriana SU

14 33a Stems sprawling (sometimes ascending on supporting vegetation) or hanging, 1/2-3(5) times as long as the basal leaves; fower stalks often curved back in fruit, lower stalks usually not much longer than the upper ones; plants usually with basal rosettes of leaves, sometimes tufted or ± matted; taproots sometimes feshy-thickened ...... 34 33b Stems erect to ascending, (1)2-4(5) times as long as the basal leaves; fower stalks straight 34a in fruit, the lower stalks often much longer than the upper ones; plants tufted (sometimes forming cushions or mats, rarely with basal rosettes); taproots not feshy-thickened ...36 34a Cottony hairs absent Potentilla multisectaS2 35a 34b Cottony hairs present, at least on the lower/ outer leaf surface ...... 35 35a Leafets 5(7) on upper (1/10)1/5-1/4 of the leaf stalk, usually with 1 pair of leafets separate from the 3 tip leafets ..Potentilla concinna 35b Leafets 5-9(11) on upper 1/5-1/2 of leaf stalk, usually with ≥ 2 pairs of leafets separate from 3 tip leafets Potentilla macounii S1 (in part) 36a Basal leaves with 3 leafets...... 35b ...... Potentilla fabellifolia S1 36b Basal leaves with (3)5+ leafets, usually palmate to sub-palmate, with leafets attached to <1/10 of the upper leaf stalk ...... 37 37a Basal leaves sub-palmate to pinnate, with 36a leafets on the upper 1/10-1/2(3/4) of the leaf stalk ...... 38 37b Basal leaves palmate (rarely sub-palmate), with leafets at the tip or on <1/10 of the upper leaf stalk ...... 39 38a Leafets usually ± blue-green with a bluish- or greyish-white waxy coating, with 1-3(5) ± even teeth per side on the upper 1/3-1/2(2/3) of the blade; anthers 0.4-0.7(0.9) mm long...... Potentilla glaucophylla (in part) ...... [] 38b Leafets green to grayish, no pale waxy coating, with (2)3-7(8) even to uneven (sometimes double-cut) teeth per side on the upper 1/2-3/4 of the blade; anthers 0.7-1.2 mm long ...... Potentilla drummondii S2 (in part) 38b 39a Leafet surfaces usually very dissimilar, grayish to white with abundant cottony (and sometimes crinkly) hairs beneath, but without a pale waxy coating ...... 40 39b Leafet surfaces similar or slightly dissimilar, green or pale green to grayish beneath with 38a 0-many crinkly hairs and (usually) no cottony hairs, rarely whitish but sometimes ± blue- green with a pale waxy coating...... 41

15 40a Glands on leaves usually absent or uncolored and inconspicuous; leafets evenly or unevenly toothed, cut (1/4)1/2-3/4+ of the way to the midvein ...... (in part) 40b Glands on leaves usually conspicuous and red-tipped; leafets evenly toothed, cut 1/4-1/2 way to the midvein Potentilla pulcherrimaS1 40a; 41a Leafets ± blue-green, with 1-3(5) teeth per 41b side on the upper 1/3-1/2(2/3); anthers 0.4- 0.7(0.9) mm; stems 5-30(45) cm long; fowers 2-10(20) . . Potentilla glaucophylla (in part) ...... [Potentilla diversifolia] 41b Leafets dark green to grayish (rarely whitish), with (2)5-10(11) teeth per side on the upper (1/4)1/2-9/10; anthers (0.5)0.6-1.2(1.6) mm; stems (5)20-70(100) cm long; fowers (4)10- 40b 50(70) ...... Potentilla gracilis (in part)

Notes on Deleted Potentilla Species Deleted Potentilla villosa SU because “It is a characteristic species of coarse-grained beaches and coastal cliffs from southwestern to western and the Russian Far East, and also occurs on scattered mountains in the Olympic Peninsula and Cascade Range of and ” (FNA). Not in AB according to FNA and VasCan. Records of P. villosa in AB are probably P. villosula. Deleted Potentilla furcata because “It is a characteristic species of the steppe bluffs of interior and south- 41a central Alaska, , and northern British Columbia, mainly within the unglaciated Beringian region” (FNA). Not in AB according to FNA and VasCan. Very similar to P. rubricaulis; records of P. ------furcata are possibly P. rubricaulis.

1a

PRUNUS 01a Flower clusters 1- to 12-fowered, umbel-like; leaves lance-shaped, gradually tapered to a slender point, with small, irregular, rounded teeth; leaf stalks usually with glands near the blade ...... 01b Flower clusters18- to 64-fowered, racemes; leaves elliptic to egg-shaped, broadest above mid-leaf, abruptly tapered to a slender point, 1b with sharp, forward-pointing teeth; leaf stalks lacking glands ...... [includes purple-leaved ‘Schubert’]

16 ROSA Rose 1a; 2a 01a Young branches/branch tips usually lacking thorns, prickles and stiff bristles ...... (in part) 01b Young branches/branch tips usually with thorns, prickles and/or stiff bristles ...... 02 02a Young branches/branch tips with paired (single) prickles at the base of the leaf stipules, with or without prickles/bristles between nodes/joints; leafets 5-9, usually <25 mm long ...... Rosa woodsii (in part) 02b Young branches/branch tips without prickles at the base of leaf stipules (rarely present in R. arkansana), with dense prickles and bristles between nodes/joints; leafets various ....03 03a Flowers in clusters of (1)3-6(16), usually on unbranched stems of the current year; leafets 3a (5)7-9(11), 1-3 cm long; tip leafet with 8-16 teeth per side; mature fruit stalks erect; shrubs usually 20-40 cm tall and dying back to near the ground each winter .... 03b Flowers in clusters of 1-2(3) on current and older stems; leafets (3)5-7, usually 3-4 cm 3b long; tip leafet with 11-25 teeth per side; fruit stalks often bent backwards at maturity; shrubs usually 50-150 cm tall, not dying back in winter ...... ------

RUBUS 01a Plants woody (shrubs), 50-200 cm tall ....02 01b Plants herbaceous, <30 cm tall ...... 03 02a Leaves divided into 3-5 egg- to lance-shaped 2a leafets, each 3-10 cm long; branches (canes) armed with prickles and bristles; petals 4-12 mm long ...... 02b Leaves undivided, shallowly 3- to 7-lobed, 10- 2b 20 cm wide; branches unarmed; petals 15-20 mm long ...... Rubus parviforus 03a Leaves undivided, shallowly 3- to 7-lobed; fowers either male or female ...... 3a 03b Leaves divided into 3-5 leafets; fowers mostly with both male and female parts ...... 04 4a 04a Leaves appearing to have 5 leafets (3 leafets but the lower two cut almost to the base; pedate); plants with slender, rooting runners up to 1 m long; fowers solitary, white ...... 04b Leaves with 3 leafets; plants with or without runners; fowers 1-3, white or pink ...... 05 05a Petals white or pinkish-tinged, 4-8 mm long; 5a stems weak and sprawling to creeping ...... 5b 05b Petals rose-coloured, 10-15 mm long; stems tufted, erect to ascending ...

17

1a SIBBALDIA Sibbaldia 01a Petals ± yellow, 2-5 mm long (≤ the sepals); stamens 5; leaves , relatively thin, dull green and sparsely hairy above ...... 01b Petals white, (4)5-8(11) mm long (2-3 times >sepals); stamens 20(30); leaves evergreen, frm, dark green, shiny and hairless above ... Sibbaldia tridentata [Potentilla tridentata; ...... tridentata] 1b SORBUS Mountain-ash 01a Trees, 6-15 m tall, with 1-2(4) stems; leafets 11-17(19); winter buds purple, with dense, white silky hairs, not sticky; exotic ...... ------...... 01b Shrubs, 1-5(8) m tall with 1-8 stems; leafets 7-13(15); winter buds olive brown to red- purple or red-brown, hairless or with sparse to dense white or red-brown hairs, sometimes sticky; native ...... 02

1a 02a Upper surface of the leaves shiny (visible on herbarium specimens with strong lighting), green to dark green, never blue-green or with 2a a pale waxy coating; leafets blunt to slender- pointed at the tip; plants white-hairy in leaf/ leafet axils, on young twigs and on fower 2b cluster stalks; winter buds olive brown to red- brown, slightly sticky, hairless or white-hairy ...... 02b Upper surface of the leaves dull, green to blue-green or yellowish green, sometimes with a slight pale waxy coating; leafets blunt to broad-pointed at the tip; plants rusty-hairy in leaf/leafet axils, on young twigs and on fower cluster stalks; winter buds red-purple to red- brown, not sticky, rusty-hairy ...... ------......

SPIRAEA Meadowsweet 01a Flower clusters cone- to egg-shaped in outline, 1.5-3.5 times as long as wide; leaves mostly lance-shaped, 3–5 times as long as wide, 2-9 × 0.5-3 cm, fnely saw-toothed . 1a 01b Flower clusters fat-topped, 1/2-1 time as long as wide; leaves <3 times as long as wide . .02 02a Petals pink or rose-colored; leaves 1-4 × 1-2(3) cm, with prominent secondary veins; 2b rare in AB, in Waterton Lakes N.P...... S1 [Spiraea densifora] 02b Petals white; leaves 2-8 × 1-3(5) cm, secondary veins not prominent; widespread in wAB ...... Spiraea lucida [Spiraea betulifolia]

2a

18 References Alberta Conservaton Informaton Management System (ACIMS). 2015. List of all Vascular Taxa Confrmed for Alberta as recorded in the ACIMS database - October 15 2015. ACIMS, Government of Albert, Edmonton, Alberta.

Briton, N. L. and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated fora of the northern United States and Canada. reprinted by Dover Publicatons in 1970 editon. Dover Publicatons, Inc., , New York.

Brouillet, L., F. Coursol, S.J. Meades, M. Favreau, M. Anions, P. Bélisle & P. Desmet. 2015. VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. htp://data. canadensys.net/vascan/

Douglas, George W., Del Meidinger, Jim Pojar. 1999. Illustrated fora of Britsh Columbia. Volume 4. Dicotyledons (Orobanchaceae through . Britsh Columbia Ministry of , Victoria, BC.

Flora North America Associaton. 2008. Flora North America Website. Online data accessed December 2014 to Feb 2015. htp://www.eforas.org

Moss, E.H. 1983. The Flora of Alberta. Second Editon, Revised by John G. Packer. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, .

Phipps, J. B. 1998. Introducton to the red-fruited hawthorns (Crataegus, Rosa- ceae) of western North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 76:1863– 1899.

Phipps, J.B. and R.J. O’Kennon. 2007. Hawthorns (Crataegus: Rosaceae) of the Cypress Hills, Alberta and . Journal of Botanical Research, Insttute of 1(2): 1031-1090.

Phipps, J. B. and R. J. O’Kennon. 2002. New taxa of Crataegus (Rosaceae) from the northern Okanagan-southwestern Shuswap diversity centre. Sida 20:115- 144.

Province of Alberta. 2016. Weed Control Act, Ofce Consolidaton. Alberta Regula- ton 19/2010 with amendments up to and including Alberta Regulaton 125/2016. Alberta Queen’s Printer, Edmonton, AB.

19 List of Species and Illustration Sources Scientfc Name Illus. Source Scientfc Name Illus. Source

Agrimonia striata H&C Potentlla bimundorum JM H&C; JM Potentlla bipinnatfda B&B H&C Potentlla concinna H&C; JM Chamaerhodos erecta JM Potentlla drummondii H&C H&C Potentlla efusa B&B LK Potentlla fabellifolia H&C Crataegus aquacervensis P&O’K 2007 Potentlla glaucophylla H&C Crataegus castlegarensis P&O’K 2002 Potentlla gracilis H&C Crataegus chrysocarpa H&C; P 1998 Potentlla hippiana H&C Crataegus cupressocollina P&O’K 2007 Potentlla hookeriana H&C Crataegus douglasii H&C Potentlla hyparctca BC Crataegus macracantha B&B; P 1998 Potentlla jepsonii H&C Crataegus rivuloadamensis P&O’K 2007 Potentlla lasiodonta LK Crataegus rivulopugnensis P&O’K 2007 Potentlla litoralis B&B Crataegus rubribracteolata P&O’K 2007 Potentlla macounii H&C Crataegus sheridana P&O’K 2007 Potentlla multsecta LK Crataegus ursopedensis P&O’K 2007 Potentlla nivea H&C Dasiphora frutcosa H&C Potentlla norvegica H&C Dryas drummondii JM Potentlla ovina H&C Dryas hookeriana H&C Potentlla pensylvanica H&C Dryas integrifolia H&C Potentlla platensis LK Drymocallis arguta H&C Potentlla pulcherrima H&C Drymocallis pseudorupestris H&C Potentlla recta H&C Fragaria vesca H&C Potentlla rivalis H&C Fragaria virginiana H&C; JM Potentlla rubricaulis LK Geum aleppicum H&C Potentlla subgorodkovii LK Geum macrophyllum H&C Potentlla subjuga LK Geum rivale H&C Potentlla subvahliana LK Geum triforum H&C Potentlla supina H&C Luetkea pectnata JM Potentlla villosula LK Malus B&B Prunus pensylvanica H&C; JM H&C Prunus virginiana H&C Potentlla anserina H&C Rosa acicularis H&C Potentlla arenosa LK Rosa arkansana H&C Potentlla argentea H&C Rosa woodsii H&C Potentlla biennis H&C Rubus arctcus H&C

20 Scientfc Name Illus. Source

Rubus chamaemorus B&B Rubus idaeus H&C Rubus parviforus H&C Rubus pedatus H&C Rubus pubescens H&C Sibbaldia procumbens H&C Sibbaldia tridentata B&B B&B Sorbus aucuparia H&C Sorbus scopulina H&C Sorbus sitchensis H&C Spiraea alba B&B Spiraea lucida H&C; LK Spiraea splendens H&C Spiraea lucida H&C; LK Spiraea splendens H&C

Key to Illustration Sources B&B = Britton, N. L. and A. Brown. 1913. H&C = Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson. 1955-69. LK = Linda Kershaw. JM = John Maywood P = Phipps P&O’K = Phipps and O’Kennon BC = Douglas et. al. 1999; illustrations provided courtesy of the Province of British Columbia.

21 Index rivale 9 Agrimonia triforum 9 striata 3 Luetkea Amelanchier pectinata 3 alnifolia 5 Malus 5 Argentina Pentaphylloides anserina. See Potentilla anserina foribunda. See Aruncus Physocarpus acuminatus. See Aruncus dioicus malvaceus 5 dioicus 3 Potentilla 4, 9. See also Drymocallis; See sylvester. See Aruncus dioicus also Comarum; See also Dasipho- Chamaerhodos ra; See also Sibbaldia erecta 3 anserina 9 Comarum arenosa 14 palustre 4 argentea 10 Cotoneaster arguta. See Drymocallis arguta acutifolius. See Cotoneaster lucidus biennis 10 lucidus 4 bimundorum 11 Crataegus 4, 6 bipinnatifda 11 aquacervensis 6, 7 concinna 15 castlegarensis 6, 7 diversifolia. See Potentilla glaucophylla chrysocarpa 7, 8 drummondii 12, 15 cupressocollina 6, 8 efusa 13 douglasii 6, 7 fnitima. See Potentilla lasiodonta macracantha 6, 7 fabellifolia 15 rivuloadamensi 6 fruticosa. See Dasiphora fruticosa rivuloadamensis 7 furcata 16 rivulopugnensis 6, 7 glandulosa. See Drymocallis pseudo- rubribracteolata 7, 8 rupestris sheridana 7, 8 glaucophylla 15, 16 ursopedensis 7, 8 gracilis 16 Dasiphora hippiana 13 fruticosa 5 var. efusa. See Potentilla efusa Dryas 3, 8 hookeriana 14 drummondii 8 hudsonii 14 hookeriana 8 hyparctica 13 integrifolia 8 jepsonii 11 octopetala. See Dryas hookeriana lasiodonta 11 Drymocallis 4, 8 litoralis 11 arguta 8 macounii 12, 15 pseudorupestris 8 multifda. See Potentilla bimundorum Fragaria 4, 9 multisecta 15 vesca 9 nana. See Potentilla hyparctica virginiana 9 nivea 14. See Potentilla subgorodkovii Geum 4 ssp. rubricaulis. See Potentilla rubri- aleppicum 9 caulis macrophyllum 9 var. arenosa. See Potentilla arenosa 22 norvegica 10 scopulina 18 ovina 12 sitchensis 18 palustris. See Comarum palustre Spiraea 5, 18 paradoxa. See Potentilla supina alba 18 pensylvanica 11 betulifolia. See Spiraea lucida var. litoralis. See Potentilla litoralis densifora. See Spiraea splendens var. ovium. See Potentilla jepsonii lucida 18 plattensis 12 splendens 18 pulcherrima 16 recta 10 rivalis 10 rubricaulis 14 subgorodkovii 14 subjuga 12, 13 subvahliana 14 supina 10 tridentata. See Sibbaldia tridentata unifora. See Potentilla subgorodkovii vahliana. See Potentilla subvahliana; See Potentilla subgorodkovii villosa 16 ssp. congesta. See Potentilla villosula villosula 14 Prunus 5, 16 pensylvanica 16 virginiana 16 Schubert 16 Rosa 5, 17 acicularis 17 arkansana 17 woodsii 17 Rubus 3, 5, 17 arcticus 17 chamaemorus 17 idaeus 17 parviforus 17 pedatus 17 pubescens 17 Sibbaldia 4, 18 procumbens 18 tridentata 18 Sibbaldiopsis tridentata. See Sibbaldia tridentata Sorbaria sorbifolia 5 Sorbus 4, 18 aucuparia 18

23