Sagar Institute of Science and Technology Gandhi Nagar Bhopal, 462036 Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of M.P. Affiliated to RGPV & BU, Bhopal Tel: 7024368999, 9977995985|www.sistecgn.ac.in HOISTING AND CONVEYING EQUIPMENT HOISTING AND CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
Hoisting and moving heavy materials from one point to another around a job site requires the use of specialized machinery. some of the most common hoisting and material handling devices are :-
1. Mobile Cranes: Easy to Relocate on Short-Term Projects
2. Derrick Cranes: Lifting up to 200 Tons:- These cranes do offer the ability to lift up to 200 tons and have full 360-degree rotation features. They operate under diesel power and electric power. 3. Tower Cranes: A Bigger Version of the Derrick Crane Tower cranes are similar to derrick cranes, but they’re mounted on a large steel tower for maximum height and stability. 4. Conveyors: Moving Materials From One Place to Another Advantages to their use include: Saving time Increasing overall output Running continuously 5. Forklifts: Moving Heavy Materials Back and Forth Forklifts might not come to mind when you think of a piece of heavy equipment for construction work. CONCRETE MIXERS CONCRETE MIXER
A concrete mixer mixes cement, aggregates and water and produce concrete mechanically. There are various types of concrete mixers available which makes concrete production quick and economical
Types of Concrete Mixers
There are two broad types of concrete mixers:
Batch mixers
Drum Types Mixer
Tilting drum mixers
Non-tilting drum mixer
Reversing drum mixer
Pan Type Mixer
Continuous mixers STONE CRUSHERS STONE CRUSHER
stone crushing production line equipment is widely used in hydroelectric, building material, railway, stone plant, mineral, and so on industries with 50-3000t/h capacity for different customer demands.
• High automation, one-key control.
• Advanced equipment,
•high crushing ratio, fine shape, and high output.
•Cubic material shape with national material standard.
•High production technology, simple structure, and easy maintenance PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT
A pile driver is a device used to drive piles (poles) into soil to provide foundati on support for buildings or other structures. BITUMEN PAVER A paverBITUMEN(paver finisher, asphaltPAVER finisher, paving machine) is a piece of construction equipment used to lay asphalt on roads, bridges, parking lots and other such places. It lays the asphalt flat and provides minor compaction before it is compacted by a roller. FLOOR POLISHING MACHINE ADVANTAGES
Quicker Dry Times Greater Cleaning Efficiency Easier Cleaning Process ARTIFICIAL TIMBER
Artificial timber – an invention of Roy Research and Technology – is a wood substitute made from solid waste like fly ash, silica, bituminous tar sand, and bio- degradable cellulosic ash or waste material. RRT’s artificial wood simulates the qualities of wood very closely, and yet, is more profitable because it is low-cost and does not harm the environment during production. It has a potentially vital role to play in the utilization of coal combustion products like fly-ash and bottom ash, which are by-products of thermal power plants and can be found throughout the world. Roy Research and Technology’s artificial timber is better than other wood substitutes, because:
It can be made in the form of blocks, beams, and panel. Its density can be changed, that is, it can be made heavier/stronger or lighter. It resembles and feels like natural timber in grain and color. It can be sawed and painted on. It can also be carved on and made into door or wall panels with elaborate designs. It has nail and screw holding capacity. It is a good thermal insulator, it helps retain heat in wood houses. Wood flooring is very common in colder countries, because it helps trap heat apart from the aesthetic value. ADVANCE CONCRETING METHODS
UNDER WATER CONCRETING
READY MIX CONCRETING
SPECIAL CONCRETES UNDER WATER CONCRETING
Concrete is the premier construction material across the world and the most widely used in all types of civil engineering works.
During the construction of bridges , dams or any other structure where the foundation part of the structure is lie underwater, we have to opt for underwater construction
When concrete is placed under water, it induces concrete to deteriorate uniformity
Therefore should be follow proper mix design, concrete production and placement and quality control. PLACEMENT METHODS
Tremie method.
Pump method
Toggle bags
Bags work. TREMIE METHOD
• A Tremie is a watertight pipe • Generally 250mm in dia. • Funnel shaped hopper at its upper end and a loose plug at the bottom. •It is supported on a working platform above water level. PUMP METHOD:
• Pumping concrete directly into its final position, involving both horizontal and vertical delivery of concrete.
• Pumping concrete has the advantage of operational efficiency with potential savings of time and labour.
• For massive underwater concrete construction of navigation structures, the pump method should be prohibited. TOGGLE BAGS Toggle bags are ideal for small amounts of concrete placement. The bag is filled in the dry with wet concrete. Used for repair work. The concrete is squeezed out by a diver.
BAGWORK Bags are made of open weave material. Diver-handled bags are usually of 10 to 20 litres capacity but 1cub.m bags can be placed using a crane. READY MIX CONCRETING
Ready-mix concrete is concrete that is manufactured in a batch plant, according to a set engineered mix design. Ready-mix concrete is normally delivered in two ways.
First is the barrel truck or in–transit mixers. This type of truck delivers concrete in a plastic state to the site.
Second is the volumetric concrete mixer. This delivers the ready mix in a dry state and then mixes the concrete on site. Benefits of ready-mix concrete:-
Suitable for sites located in/near congested areas. Very good quality control, as it is manufactured in controlled conditions. Suitable when small quantities at different time is required. Suitable for very large projects. Suitable for adverse site/climate conditions. Labour cost will get reduced, as we don't need any labour for mixing of concrete Wastage will be less compared to insitu concrete mixing A high speed of construction
Uses and Applications of Special Concrete
Special concrete is used in extreme weather.
HPC has been used in large structures such as the Petronas Towers and the Troll Platform. Petronas Towers was the tallest concrete building in the world built in Malaysia in the mid-1990s. In 1998, the deepest offshore platform, the Troll platform, was built in Norway — a structure taller than the Eiffel Tower.
Good cohesiveness or sticky in mixes with very high binder content
Some delay in setting times depending on the compatibility of cement, fly ash and chemical admixture
Slightly lower but sufficient early strength for most applications
Comparable flexural strength and elastic modulus
Better drying shrinkage and significantly lower creep
Good protection to steel reinforcement in high chloride environment
Excellent durability in aggressive sulphate environments
Lower heat characteristics
Low resistance to de-icing salt scaling
PC pipes with good resistance to chemical attack from both acidic and caustic effluents inside the pipe, and from chemical attack on the outside of the pipe. PRE-FABRICATED CONSTRUCTION
Prefabricated construction is the practice of assembling a variety of components of a structure at a manufacturing site and transporting those sub-assemblies to the location of the construction jobsite.
In reality however, it is quite the opposite. Prefabricated construction is becoming more common, improving in quality and has become available in a variety of budgets.
Despite the perception of prefabrication, there are numerous benefits to this type of construction. ADVANTAGES
Eco-Friendly Modular construction is often commended for energy efficiency and sustainable construction. Traditional construction methods require extra materials that lead to increased waste. However, since prefabricated sub- assemblies are constructed in a factory, extra materials can be recycled in-house. Financial Savings Flexibility Consistent Quality Reduced Site Disruption Shorter Construction Time Safety SOIL REINFORCING TECHNIQUES
Soil Reinforcement :- In simple terms, soil reinforcement is a technique used to improve the stiffness and strength of soil using geo- engineering methods. A long time ago, natural fibre was used to reinforce the soil. This old technique did not have a high yield and required a lot of time for the soil to recover. In geotechnical engineering, soil is restored and reinforced with the distribution of minerals and soil nutrients. Soil reinforcement is necessary in lands where chances of erosion are high. It is particularly useful in areas with soft soil as it cannot provide adequate support to any construction or building. This type of soil is also highly susceptible to various environmental and natural factors such as high compressibility, poor shear strength, temperature changes, etc How is Soil Reinforcement Done?
Soil reinforcement is performed by placing tensile elements in the soil to enhance its natural stability and strength. This is achieved by bringing reinforcement elements in contact with surfaces in the aggregate and sub-base of soil mass. When pressure on the soil mass causes a strain on the reinforcements, it creates a tensile load which can resist soil movement and provide additional support for increased strength. This way, a soil-reinforcement system is created which provides greater shear strength than the soil mass alone For Embankments on Weaker Foundations For embankments on weaker foundations such as airports near sandy ground, the biggest challenge is to reinforce the soil and stabilise it. For Steeping Slopes Layers of geotextile are placed strategically on the land to steepen soil slopes. The purpose is to increase the tensile strength of the soil for minimal sliding or rotation. For Retaining Walls Different kinds of wall applications are blended with geotextiles such as on-site fills to reinforce soil supporting walls. Geotextile provides an alternative to traditional cast-in-place concrete structures for retaining walls. Subgrade Stabilizing The tensile strength of soft and organic soil is low. The initial cost of traditional land filling can be up to 50% higher than the cost of soil reinforcement with geotextiles. Geotextiles can be used to distribute the load uniformly within the soil and minimize the displacement of small soil particles. Hence, geotextiles are a low cost alternative to traditional sub-grade displacement, excavation followed by replacement and chemical soil stabilizing techniques. For Reinforcing the Base Course The load bearing capacity of soft soil can be improved by increasing the tensile strength of granular base course material. Geotextile increases the tensile strength of soil by increasing its load bearing capacity at the granular base structure. A grid structure is commonly used for reinforcing the granular base course. For Closing a Soft Site Geotextiles are a cost-effective method of reinforcing soft soils in areas such as lagoons, sludge ponds, etc. Geotextiles can strengthen soft soil by providing high tensile support and anti-deformation capability to support building structures and improve the quality of soil body.