2270 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 8 States to enact legislation granting to vet­ claim against the United States o! Amis By Mr. ROGERS of Florida: erans of World War I pensions comparable Construction Co. and San Ore Construction H.R. 10293. 'A bill for the relief of Irena to grants to veterans of American wars prior Co.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Maria Koller; to the Committee on the Judi­ to World War I; to the Committee on Vet­ By Mr. JOHNSON of Maryland: ciary. erans' Affairs. H.R. 10287. A bill providing for the pro­ By Mr. THOMPSON o! Texas: . motion of Col. James Cannon Henderson to H.R.10294. A bill for the relief of Luther the rank of brigadier general; to the Commit­ L. Stevens; to the Committee on the Judi­ tee on Armed Services. ciary. PRIVATI: BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. McDONOUGH: By Mr. WAINWRIGHT: H.R. 10288. A b111 to authorize Col. Charles H.R. 10295. A bill to admit the vessel Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private P. Baldwin, U.S. Army, retired, to accept cer­ Martha Washington to American registry bills and resolutions were introduced and . tain employment with the Government of and to permit its use in ·the coastwise trade severally referred as follows: Venezuela; to the Committee on Armed which is owned by the Cherry Grove Ferry By Mr. BOLLING: Services. Corp.; to the Committee on Merchant H.R. 10283. A bill for the relief of certain By Mr. MADDEN: Marine and Fisheries. sisters of the Missionary of Our Lady of H.R. 10289. A bill for the relief of Nikolija Mercy; to the Commit tee on the Judiciary. Lazic; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. CHELF: By Mr. MULTER: PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 10290. A bill for the relief of Dr. Sam­ H.R. 10284. A bill for the relief of Jovenal Under clause 1 of rule XXII, Garnes Verano; to the Commit tee on ·t he uel Ribacoff; to the Committee on the Judi­ Judiciary. ciary. 335. Mr. FORAND presented a petition of By Mr. PUCINSKI: Joseph Messier of Pawtucket, R.I., and oth­ By Mr. · CLARK: H.R. 10291. A bill for the relief of Tadeusz ers, relative to request ing favorable consid­ H.R. 10285. A bill for the relief of Marion Franciszek Chador; to the Committee on the eration of the increasing of the Federal Manion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. minimum wage to $1.25 an hour and to By Mr. JARMAN: . H.R. 10292. A bill for the relief of Katarzy­ broaden t he coverage of the Fair Labor H.R. 10286. A bill to confer jurisdiction na Chador; to the Committee on the Judi­ St andards Act, which was referred to the upon the Court of Claims to determine the ciary. Committee on Education and Labor.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Fiscal and Monetary Policies in the resent and the important function they tually continuous deficit in its external pay­ perform in the Nation's economy, even mentS since 1949, the deficits in 1958 and Changing Economy though your banks are located in only 17 of 1959 have been over two and one-half times the 50 States. I was glad to find that your as large as those of the first 8 years of this EXTENSION OF REMARKS deposits are continuing to grow rapidly, period. In 1958, as a result of transactions just about doubling each decade. That is a with the United States, foreigners acquired OF ( record of which you can be proud, particu­ $3.4 billion in gold and liquid dollar assets. larly when it is considered that it was the Of this amount, $2 .3 billion was in the form HON. WALLACE F. BENNETT small savings of many individuals which of g<;>ld. So far this year, transfers of gold OF UTAH accounted for your present $35 billion of de­ and dollars have been at an annual rate IN THE SENATE OF THE. UNITED STATES posits, and your $1 Y2 billion of home mort­ of around $4 billion. However, the gold gages recorded in 1 year. portion of these transfers has been markedly Monday, February 8, 1960 Although my State of Virginia has no smaller than in 1958. Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I ask mutual savings banks, I was interested to This change in economic conditions re­ unanimous consent to have printed in learn that at the end of the third quarter of quires corresponding changes in our policy. 1957 your institutions had invested over the CoNGRE~SIONAL REcoRD an address Shortly after World War II, it became clear $277 million in Virginia home mortgages. that our allies had suffered such appalling on the subject "Fiscal and Monetary Those investments have bene·fited both the losses that they could not get back on their Policies in the Changing Economy," de­ borrowers and the lenders, for I am sure feet without an aid program from the United livered by the junior Senator from Vir­ you have found Virginia mortgages to be States-and this in spite of the . great ginia [Mr. ROBERTSON] at the midyear good risks. agencies created by the Bretton Woods Agree­ meeting of the National Association of As chairman of the Senate committee ments-the International Monetary Fund, Mutual Savings Banks, at the Commo­ which has jurisdiction over housing mat­ and the World Bank. Therefore, in the dore Hotel, in New York City, on De­ ters, I am appreciative of the stabilizing in­ spring of 1947, at Natural Bridge, Va., I made :fl.uence you exercise on a rather unstable a speech advocating aid for our World War cember 8, 1959. industry-homebuilding-by your large in­ allies, sending a copy of that speech to the There being no objection, the address vestments all over the country in FHA and Secretary of State. The following June, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, VA mortgages. Gen. George Marshall developed that theme as follows: My subject is a broad one, and, of course, in his now famous Harvard speech ar..d the FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICIES IN A I could not do it justice in the time which United States embarked upon an aid pro­ CHANGING ECONOMY is allotted to me. I can merely sketch some gram to close the dollar•gap. A bipartisan of my views on proper fiscal and monetary majority of the Congress wrote the program (Address by Senator A. WILLIS ROBERTSON, policies in a changing economy. into law. It was carried out with some mis­ of Virginia, to the midyear meeting of the One of the significant changes in our taktes and considerable waste, but, fortu­ National Association of Mutual Savings economy is that which is implicit in our nately, with success. Now that the recipients Banks, Commodore Hotel, New York, N.Y., · population growth. It has been predicted of that rehabilitation program are back on December 8, 1959) that our population will increase by 25 to 30 their feet, with strong and vigorous pro­ It is a pleasure to meet today . with the million during the next decade, and opti­ ductive capacities, appropriations for foreign representatives of the mutual savings banks mistic estimates are that employment will aid should be materially reduced. of the country which have been doing such rise by 12 or 13 million, in the same period. The deficit in our external payments, while a fine job of promoting thrift in the areas an increase of 20 percent. To provide a not alarming, demands attention. The fact they serve. proper economic climate for these changes that most of the European nations are now It is also a pleasure again to see your able will require intelligence and statesmanship in sound financial condition is itself cause executive vice president, Grover Ensley, and of the highest order. for gratification rather than for alarm. But your counsel, Bill McKenna. I have enjoyed Our economy is. a dynamic one because it this is a change in the economy of the free working with both of them while I have is relatively free. The freedom which our world which we can disregard only at our been a Member of the Senate. Grover, in­ private enterprise system provides, whereby peril. The continuation of large deficits in cidentally, is a part-time constituent o! economic decisions are made by millions of our budget could lead to a lessening of con­ mine, for when you allow him a vacation, he persons throughout the country, gives us a fidence in the dollar as a reserve currency by retires to a beautiful spot which he owns vitality which is the envy of the world. At those foreign governments and individuals on the Shenandoah River in Virginia. Bill, the same time, this freedom carries with it who currently hold $16 billion in short-term of course, was fo:r a long time co·unsel of the the obligation of self-restraint, calling for dollar claims. I rate the preservation of a Senate Committee on Banking and Currency, sacrifice in many directions. stable dollar as second only in importance of which I now have the honor of being With respect to our international respon­ to the preservation of peace. chairman. sibilities, the changes which have occurred In my Judgment, several major steps should I was interested 1n learning !rom them over the last 2 years have been striking. be taken to end the current unfavorable bal­ more about the institutions which you rep- Although the United States has had a vir- . ance of payments. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE "2271 First, we i:nust make sure that other NATO prices of farm products and foods had not greater flexibility with respect to interest nations bear their full share of the neces­ fallen since the spring of 1958 by over 10 rates and maturities in order that more of sary aid to ·underdeveloped countries and percent the increases in the overall whole­ this debt · may be placed on longer terms their full share of the costs of defending the sale and consumer price indexes would have with less pressure upon the money market. free world. We have taken some steps in this been much more significant. We must continue to support the Federal · direction-we hav-e increased the proportion The longest steel work stoppage on record Reserve System in its policy of monetary re­ of development aid which goes through in­ interrupted the recovery that started in the straint. No group should be more aware ternational organizations, such as the World spring of 1958. Through last September, its than yours of the fact that monetary policy Bank and the International Finance Cor­ effect was confined for the most part to the must be flexible and that the creation of poration, where other countries put up two­ industries involved in the strike. However, new money or bank check money should be thirds of the capital, and by reducing the as the strike continued into October, its sec­ with relation to the necessary money work direct foreign aid programs, where we put ondary effects were much more widespread, to be done. We must resist the efforts of up all of the funds. This change is possible and by early November the total number out those who would convert our central bank because the European nations and Japan are of work because of the direct and indirect into an arm of the Treasury, affording a now in a position to bear a larger share of effects of the strike approached 1 million. market for a huge debt, regardless of other the costs of these programs. With output in steel and related indus­ demands for money, and regardless of the Another essential ingredient in the ad­ tries sharply curtailed, industrial produc­ price, or interest, which· the market will justment of our balance of payments situa­ tion in October was nearly 5 percent below pay for that debt. tion is to raise our exports sufficiently, rela­ the prestrike peak in June. In November, "Nations," said a popular political leader tive to imports, to cover more adequately with steel production up sharply, it is ex­ 27 years ago, "have been wrecked on the than heretofore Government payments of pected that the total .index will show some rocks of a loose fiscal policy." Revolution $5 billion to $6 billion a year for grants, loans, rise, despite curtailments in steel-consuming and dictatorship are the end products of un­ and military expenditures abroad, and pri­ industries. controlled inflation. In my opinion any dis­ vate capital outflows in excess of $2 billion Gross national product declined $6 bil­ cussion of fiscal policies becomes meaning­ a year. lion, or over 1 percent, in the third quarter less unless it includes the perpetuity of our It is important especially to our farmers of 1959 due principally to a shift from build­ personal freedom. Therefore, I hope you will that we correct our unfavorable balance of ing up to liquidation of steel stocks. Total not think that I am talking partisan poli­ payments by increasing our exports rather business inventories declined at an annual tics when I say that the preservation of than by reducing our imports. rate of $1 billion during the quarter, in States rights is as important to the North As a member for 10 years of the House contrast with a $10 billion increase in the and the rest of the Nation as it is to the Ways and Means Committee, it was my privi­ second quarter. South-the keystone of the arch of constitu­ lege to participate in the initial efforts to Despite these developments, income and tional liberty. substitute, for the trade-throttling Hawley­ consumer spending held up well. Between Smoot Tariff Act, the program of mutually June and October, personal income decli:ned beneficial reciprocal foreign trade which is less than 1 percent. Most other types of associated with the name of Cordell Hull. income were stable or above that period. My interest has continued ever since, and The national economy is beginning to re­ Frank DeLucia the program has been successful over the cover from the contraction caused by the years although it has been modified to meet steel strike. Following reactivation of the EXTENSION .OF REMARKS changes in conditions. With the change in major steel plants on November 7, produc­ OF our balance of trade, the continuation of tion climbed rapidly and was scheduled at that program will r equire the best efforts of nearly 80 percent of capacity for the week of HON . ROBERT N. GIAIMO all of us who believe that trade wars lead November 15. Workers in related industries, OF CONNECTICUT to shooting wars and who also believe in such as foundries and coal mines, are being putting the general welfare first. recalled to their jobs. Workers in other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Minority pressure groups today, armed steel-consuming industries will not be re­ Monday, February 8, 1960 with the change in our balance of payments called insubstantial numbers for some time situation which I have heretofore described, yet, because of the time required to refill Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, in an era will argue that we must resort to protec­ the pipelines in the steel-fabricating process. when the media of mass communication tionist devices. I disagree, but if we are to In spite of the aberration caused by the · appears to be continuously fascinated by continue our mutually beneficial trade pro­ steel strike, our principal long-term eco­ the misdeeds of society's antagonists, grams, nations with whom we negotiated nomic problem both within this country and the true heroes of our time-the men agreements must be required to live up to with respect to our international balance of and women who exhibit a sense of civic them, hardship cases must be recognized, and payments is the control of inflation. It responsibility and concern for their fel­ we must exercise more discipline and greater seems quite likely that, in the long run, the restraint in our domestic monetary and fis­ net effect of the steel strike will be addi­ lowmen-are, too often, ignored and cal policies. tional pressures on the wage-price spiral. their acts go unnoticed. And yet, it is A large part of the world is again in com­ The most important single element in this to. these people that we must look if our petition with us for foreign marlcets. The struggle against inflation is the balancing civilization is to sustain our finest ideals European common market is becoming a of the Federal budget. Last year, fiscal 1959, and provide that wonderful world of trading market comparable to our own and ended with a record setting peacetime budget which we all dream. I wish to call the a new outer market is being organized. At deficit of $12';12 billion. This year, fiscal attention of this House to one such man. the same time the Soviet bloc has warned 1960, an anticipated balance has, by the steel us through Khrushchev, who recently said: strike, been turned into a probable deficit of His name is Frank DeLucia. Mr. De­ "We declare war upon you-in the peaceful $500 million. For the next fiscal year, inci­ Lucia drives a tractor trailer for the field of trade." dentally an election year, we hear of. new and Adley Express Co., of New Haven, Conn. Our international trade position is di­ expanded programs which would add billions On January 14 he received the American rectly related to our domestic economy. Our of expenditures. Many of the proposed new Trucking Association's Pro Merits ability to win the trade war, which Khru­ programs, and many of the proposed in­ Medal, the trucking industry's highest shchev has declared, and to hold our share of creases in existing programs, will be sup­ award for heroism. In 1947 and 1948 the world's trade, will depend upon our pro­ ported by large segments of the country, and ducing goods and services which can suc­ many of them will have considerable inher­ Mr. DeLucia was named Driver of the cessfully meet foreign competition. This, in ent m•erit. But in spite of this strong sup­ Year by the Motor Transport .Associa­ turn, depends upon confidence in the dollar port and their possible merit, these pro­ tion of Connecticut. The events which abroad and control of inflation at home. grams must be weighed in the scales of mon­ have prompted the selection of Mr. De­ As indicated, our domestic economy is a etary and fiscal policy. They must not be Lucia for these distinctions fully sub­ changing one, and the policies applicable .to approved unless we are prepared to pay for stantiate my appraisal of him as a re­ it must accommodate to those changes. them by taxation, and then only if it can markable citizen and a true hero of our In the fall and winter of 1957 and the be demonstrated that the resources involved spring of 1958, we were suffering from a re-· can be better utilized in those programs contemporary times. cession, with substantial numbers of unem­ than in the private uses to which the re­ The Pro Meritis Awa.t:d was presented ployed and a substantial decline in our in­ sources would be put were they not pre­ by Gov. Abraham Ribicoff, of Connecti­ dustrial production, gross national product, empted by taxation. As a member of the cut, in acknowledgment of the courage and national income. But from the middle Senate Appropriations Committee I shall Mr. DeLucia displayed on October 11, of 1958 to the middle of 1959 all of these fight for a balanced budget for fiscal 1961 1958. While driving his truck on that measures of our national wealth rose rapidly, but my present feeling is that it will be an date, Mr. DeLucia spotted a car which and by June 1959 had exceeded the previous uphill fight. had crashed into a power utility pole in .peaks. The wholesale and retail price in­ The monumental task of managing our dexes continued their inexorable rise during existing debt will remain with us. The Stratford, Conn. The pole had broken, all of this period, as they had through vir­ Treasury, faced with the problem of re- dropping high tension wires which tually the entire postwar period. And if the 11na ncing about $75 billion a year, must have trapped the driver and set the car afire. 2272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD __..:.. HOUSE February 8 Despite the extreme danger of being Many things could be said in super­ The majority of these men receive from electrocuted, Mr. DeLucia secured a stick ftu'ity of the individual activities of such 9 to 21 weeks of technical training. of wood and used it to remove the live a man, but it-is the spirit of the man About 50 percent of those trained are in wires from the car. Then he helped the which held forth through his many un­ the lower schools and 50 percent are in injured woman, Anna Celene, of Mil­ dertakings and which endeared him to the higher technical schools, such as ford, Conn., from the blazing vehicle and his friends. To his family and· loved electronics and mechanics. covered her with his coat to prevent ones, I extend my deepest sorrow and Would it not be a wonderful thing to shock. the comfort that this fine person lived permit young men who have served and After calling the Stratford police for life to his fullest capacity, never suffer­ will serve their country in the next few an ambulance, Mr. DeLucia returned to ing defeat even to the last, but merely years to go on to college under the GI bill the scene of the accident and put out passing into the fuller life for which b,e of rights and equip themselves to render the fire with an extinguisher which he strived, and one which he deserved. greater service to their country and to carried in his truck. their home communities? The cost to In a letter written to the Adley Ex­ the Government would be slight and the press Co., Mrs. Celene, who suffered Government would get it back many three fractured ribs and a cut knee in Educational Readjustment Assistance to times over during the lifetime of the the accident, said that if Mr. DeLucia Veterans Who Serve in the Armed GI's benefited. It is narrow thinking on had not come to her assistance when he the part of the Defense Department offi­ did, she "would probably have been elec­ Forces Between January 31, 1955, and cials to deny boys and girls who have trocuted.,; July 1, 1963 served their country the opportunity of To win the title of Driver of the Year finacial assistance toward an education, which the Connecticut Motor Transport EXTENSION OF REMARKS merely because the various branches of Association . bestowed upon him in 1947 the military do not want to be bothered and 1948, Mr. DeLucia performed several OF with training new recruits to take the acts of courtesy and safety. His deeds HON. GERALD T. FLYNN place of those who leave to go back to included removing an automobile from OF WISCONSIN school. a garage threatened by fire, and towing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am hopeful that Members of this a stalled car carrying an 8-year-old girl House will acquaint themselves with the to a doctor. Monday, February 8, 1960 provisions of S. 1138, passed by the Sen­ In 1950 Mr. DeLucia exhibited his fine Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Speaker, soon there ate on July 21, 1959, and make it pos­ sense of civic responsibility when he en­ will come before the House for consid­ sible for GI's and WAC's to secure a countered a drunken driver who was eration a Senate-passed bill, S. 1138, higher education. weaving across four lanes of a highway which provides educational and voca­ near Langhorne, Pa., on August 19, 1950. tional training, rehabilitation training Mr. DeLucia lit a flare and held it out for service-connected disabilities, and The "Big Spender" Myth Exploded the window of his cab to warn motorists loans for homes, farms, livestock, farm behind him of the danger. He then fol­ machinery, and otherwise closely par­ lowed the car until it struck an oncom­ allels the World War II and Korean GI EXTENSION OF REMARKS ing tractor trailer truck. Due to his ef­ bills. The principal feature of this bill OF forts, the driver and the occupants of is the educational opportunity it will af- HON. ROBERT W. LEVERING the· car were held at the scene until the ford our young men and women who oF OHIO police arrived. Later it was discovered serve in the military service of their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the car had been stolen. country during the peacetime years of Mr. DeLucia, who has been driving 1955 through 1963. Monday, February 8, 1960 trucks since he was 16 years old, has an Testimony before the House Veterans' Mr. LEVERING. Mr. Speaker, despite impressive safety record. He has driven Affairs Committee has clearly shown the the fact that Congress in the last ses­ an estimated 700,000 miles in the last 14 greatest asset this country has is the sion cut the President's spending re­ years without a single chargeable acci­ brains and intellectual potential of its quests by some $2 billion, many parti­ dent. young people. Failure of the United sans and propagandists seeking political I am proud to salute Mr. Frank De­ States to develop the minds and skills of gain have deliberately or in ignorance, Lucia, a neighbor in my community. its young and strong is one of the great- misrepresented the facts concerning the Our Nation is a better place to live be­ est crimes of our age. Testimony has expenditures of taxpayers' money by cause of his wonderful deeds. shown that this country will, in the very calling Members of Congress reckless near future, be repaid in full for all ex- spenders. pense it was put to in providing educa- It appears that many of our people The Late Honorable John J. O'Connor tiona! training for the Gis of World War are unaware of the fact that Congress II arid Korea. Yet this investment will has nothing to do with the preparation EXTENSION OF REMARKS continue to produce a financial, pro.- of the budget, a function wholly within ductive, and technological return for the the executive department; that Congress OF next 30 years or more. The Senate has has no authority to spend, but can only HON. FRANCIS E. WALTER seen the wisdom of enabling ex-GI's to authorize expenditures; that only the OF PENNSYLVANIA gain an education with Government President can spend or withhold funds IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES help-yet there are powerful forces, in- authorized by the Congress. eluding the Departments of Defense and Mr. Speaker, I voted to cut the Presi­ Monday, February 8, 1960 Health, Education, and Welfare, which dent's budget in an effort to balance ex­ Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, it was oppose this legislation. penditures with income, believing that with great sorrow that I received the The Defense Department opposes it the Congress should authorize what is news of the passing of the late Honor­ maintaining it tends to cause some en- absolutely necessary for our Natiol;l's able John J. O'Connor. To those who listees or draftees not to reenlist. They protection and survival, but that we knew him, he has left behind him a true have found, in the past, that 45 percent should not authorize or spend 1 red cent and deep spirit. of admiration, not only of those separating from the service did for waste or extravagance. for his personarintegrity, but as one who so to take advantage of educational op- Mr. Speaker, under previous leave, with courage undaunted in the face of portunities afforded by the GI bill of I include the following tables from adversity, remained intellectually vigor­ rights. I believe this is a wonderful the last page of the CoNGRESSIONAL REc­ ous and high spirited until the last, tribute to modern American youth who oRD of September 15, 1959. ·These figures never losing the hope of combating his have the desire ,to learn and be of greater compiled or verified by the Bureau of the illness and returning to the work he value to themselves, their families, and · Budget show cuts by Congress of the loved, that of helping his fellow men. their country. On the basis of testi- President's request for appropriation and This spirit of survival and good humor mony offered by the Defense Depart- new obligational authority known as until the last is truly worthy of the man ment, approximately 100,000 young men back-door spending by a total Qf that the late John O'Connor was. are being inducted into service each year. $2,580,410,093. Bills providing appropriations and other new obligational authority, 86th Gong., 1st sess. TABLE I. APPROPRIATION BILLS

House Senate Increase or decrease cotn- Date Amount pared to approved Public Bill No. Title President's President's agreed to President's by Presi- Law budget esti- Date Amount as D ate AmoUnt as budget esti- Date Amount as D ate Amount as by conferees budget esti-· dent No. mates to reported reported passed passed mates to reported reported passed passed mates to House S.enate date ------1959 SUPPLEMENTAL

.H.R. 6916 2d Supplemental ------$2,864, 954, 526 Mar. 20 $2,479, 522,494 Mar. 24 $2,657,402,994 $2, 900, 799, 370 Apr. 18 $2, 820, 040, 054 Apr. 30 $2, 843, 902, 805 $2, 764, 500, 380 -$136, 298, 990 May 20 86-30 1960 APPROPRIATIONS

SUPPLEMENTAL

H.R. 7978 Supplemental ------888, 931, 417 june 26 632, 568, 845 June 29 609, 843, 845 1, 218, 090, 555 July 31 1, 076, 186, 108 Aug'. 3 1, 076, 186, 108 977' 345, 608 -240, 744, 947 Sept. 1 86-213 H.J. Res. 439 Temporary (July) ______------June 25 ------June 30 ------June 30 ------June 30 ------July 1 86-76 II.J. Res. 475 Temporary (August) ______------July 24 ------July 29 ------July 29 ------July 29 ------July 31 86-118 H.I. Res. 510 Temporart (September)_------Aug. 31 ------Aug. 31 ;------Sept. 3 86-224 REGULAR I

II.R~ 6676 Dl!trict of Columbia______(246, 698, 000) Mar. 13 (237, 186, 112) Mar. 16 (237, 186, 112) (245, 990, 000) May 21 (241, 569, 402 May 28 (241, 702, 402) (241, 289, 076) ( -4, 700, 924) July 23 86-104 Federal payment______34,218,000 27,218,000 27,218,000 34,218.000 ------29.218,000 ------29,351,000 27,218,000 -7,000,000 H.R. 5805 Treasury-Post Office ______4, 688, 327' 000 -M:-ai~:is- _ 4, 628,097, 000 ·M"a-~~-2o- 4, 628,097,000 4, 688,327,000 May 21 4, 663, 158, 600 May 28 4, 664, 027' 600 4, 643, 363, 000 -44, 964, 000 "jilli6"ii" 86-39 H.R. 5915 Interior __ ------491, 101, 400 Mar. 20 472,198,800 Mar. 23 472, 198, 800 491, 101, 400 June. 5 487. 211,025 June 8 487, 211, 025 481, 809, 100 -9,292,300 June 23 86-60 H.R. 6769 Labor•HEW------3, 756,848,581 Apr. 28 3, 915, 084, 181 Apr. 30 3, 915, 084, 181 3, 756, 848, 581 June 23 4, 124, 460, 581 June 24 4, 124, 460, 581 4, 016, 485, 981 +259, 637,400 Aug. 14 86-158 H.R. 7040 Independent offices ___ ------6, 586,418,000 May 8 6, 441, 069, 800 May 11 6, 459, 887, 800 6, 586, 418, 000 June 22 6, 561, 578, 600 Jnhe 23 6, 561, 578, 600 6, 504, 382, 200 -82, 035, 800 Sept. 14 86--225 H.R. 7175 Agriculture ___ ------4, 081, 364, 863 May 15 3, 939, 165, 498 May 20 3, 939, 165, 498 4, 081, 364, 863 May 28 3, 975, 505, 148 June 3 3, 975, 774, 848 3, 971, 3fi2, 673 -no, 002, 190 Jtlly 8 86-80 H.R. 7176 General government______13,608,500 May 15 13,338,500 May 27 13,338,500 13,608,500 Juno 22 13,568,500 .Tune 24 13,568,500 13,463,500 ~145,000 July 8 86-79 . H.R. 7343 State-Justice-Judiciary------682,387,600 May 21 649, 896, 700 May 27 651, 896, 700 682,387,600 June 22 650, 674, 700 June 23 650, 924, 700 648, 941, 200 -33, 446, 400 July 13 86-84 H.R. 7349 Commerce.------·------732, 191, 000 May 25 674, 687, 300 May 28 675, 297, 300 732, 191, 000 .Tune 16 715, 328, 500 June 18 715, 328, 500 712, 672, 900 -19, 518, 100 July 13 86-88 H.R. 7453 J.JOgislati ve _____ ------105, 460, 005 May 2S 100, 279, 350 June 1 100, 279, 350 . ] 33, 648, 180 June 1G 128,797,380 Juuc 18 128, 797, 380 128,797,380 -4,850,800 Aug, 21 8tl-176 H.R. 7454 Defense ___ ------39,248, 200, 000 May 28 38, 848, 339, 000 June 3 38, 848, :33!), 000 39,248,200,000 July 7 39, 594,339,000 July 14 39, 594, 339. 000 39, 228, 239, 000 Allg, 18 86-166 H.R. 7509 Public Works ______(1, 185, 406, 259) June 2 (1, 185, 406, 259 June 9 (1, 185, 906, 259) (1, 185, 40fi, 259) July 8 (1, 265, 565, 559) July 9 (1, 265, 565, 559) (1, 215,477, 808) (+§~:~~:~g) Vetoed H.R. 8283 Atomic Energy ___ ------2, 718, 715, 000 July 17 2, 660, 529, 000 July 21 2, 660, 529, 000 2, 718, 715, 000 July 30 2, 711, 829, 000 Au~/:. 3 2, 711, 829, 000 2, 683, 029, 000 -35, 686, 000 Allg, 18 "8S:i64 H.R. 8385 Mutual Security __ ------4, 436, 277' 000 July 24 3, 209, 782, 000 July 29 3, 191, 782, 000 4, 824, 484, 137 Sept. 8 3, 691, 269, 508 Sept. 14 3, 692, 262, 137 3, 626, 718, 137 -1, 197' 766; 000 Sept. 28 86·3S3 H.R. 8575 Military Construction ______1, 563, 200, 000 Aug. 7 1, 285, 002, 700 Aug. 10 1, 285, 002, 700 1, 563, 200, 000 Aug. 20 1, 428, 178,700 Aug. 21 1, 428, 178, 700 1, 363, 961, 200 -199, 238, 800 Sept. 16 86-275 Public Works ______H.R. 11105 1, 185, 406, 259 Sept. 4 1, 185, 309, 093 Sept. 8 1, 185, 309, 093 1, 185,406,259 1, 185, 309, 093 Sept. 8 1, 185, 309, 093 1, 185, 309, 093 -117,166 { over-Veto } 8(1..2M ------ridden Total regular______.. _ 70, 323, 723, 208 ------68, 049, 996, 922 ------68, 053, 424, 922 70, 740, 118, 520 ------·- 69, 960, 426, 335 -·------69, 962, 940, 664 69, 235, 752, 364 ~ 1, 504, 366, 156 ...... I Total, all bills ______74,077,609,151 71, 162, 088, 261 71, 320, 671, 761 74, 859, 008, 445 73, 856, 652, 407 . ------·-- 73, 883, 029, 577 72, 977, 598, 352 -1, 881, 410, 093 ------·--- TABLE II. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY PROVIDED OUTSIDE THE APPROPRIATION PROCESS (SO-CALLED BACKDOOR FINANCING)

House Senate Increase or ))ate Amount decrease approved Public- Bill No. Title agreed to by made by the by Pres- Law President's Date Amount as Date Amount as President's Date Amount as Date Amount as conferees Congress ident No• . requests· reported reported passed passed requests reported reported passed passed --- H.R. 4452 s. 1094 }Br:~t~~-~-~~~~-~~~~~~~~- $4, 550, 000, 000 Mar. 18 $4, 550, 000, 000 Mar. 25 $4, 550, 000, 000 $4, 550, 000, 000 Mar. 18 $4, 550, 000, 000 Mar. 19 $4, 550, 000, 000 $4, 550, 000, 000 June 17 86-48 s. 57 Housing Act of 1959 ______(1, 650, 000, 000) Feb. 27 (1' 975, 000, 000) May 21 (*) (I, 650, 000, 000) Feb. 3 (2, 625, 000, 000) Feb. .5 (2, 525, 000, 000) (1, 300,000, 000) <=i35o;iiiio;iioo) Vetoed s. 2539 Housing Act of 1959 ______(1, 650, 000, 000) Aug. 2.5 (825, 000, 000) Aug. 27 (825, 000, 000) (1, 650,000, 000) Aug. 13 (825, 000, 000) Aug. 18 (825, 000, 000) (825, 000, 000) ( -825,000, 000) Vetoed ------s. 2654 Housing Act of 1959 ______1, f)SO. 000, 000 Sept. 10 925, 000, 000 Sept. 10 925, 000, 000 1, 650, 000. 000 Sept. 8 925, 000, 000 Sept. 9 925,000,000 925, 000, 000 -725,000,000 Sept. 23 -86:372" s. 1 H.R. 1011 } Aid to airports.------! 200, 000, 000 Mar. 2 297,000,000 Mar. 19 297, 000, 000 200, 000, 000 Feb. 5 565, 000, 000 Feb. 6 465, 000, 000 126, 000, 000 -74,000,000 June 29 86-72 H.R. 2256 Veterans' Housing Loan Act_ Jan. 29 300, 000, 000 Feb. · 4 300, 000, 000 Feb. 3 300, 000, 000 June 16 100, 000, 000 100, 000, 000 +100, 000, 000 June 30 86-73 H.R. 3460 Tennessee Valley Authority --·------bond issuance ______750, 000, 000 Apr. 14 750, 000, 000 May 7 750, 000, 000 750, 000, 000 July 2 750, 000, 000 July 9 7501 000, 000 750, 000, 000 ------Aug. 6 86-137 ______... TotaL------7, 150, 000, 000 6, 822, 000, 000 -----·---- 6, 822, 000, 000 7, 150, 000, 000 -·---·---- 7, 090, 000, 000 ------6, 790, 000, 000 6, 451, 000, 000 -699, 000, 000 ------

• Authorized $1,975,000,000 to be appropriated. eac~~j~·-Amounts shown represent total new obligational authority actually provided by each bill. Differences in amounts may include changes in scope of programs and differences 1n time periods covered by various versions of

Grand total, all bills, tables I and n ______,$81,227,60Q,l51 1------1$77,984,088,261 1------1$78,142,611,761 l$82,009,008,4451------l$80,946,652,497 ------·-1$80,673,029,557,$79,428,59S,352,-$2,580,410,0931------I------2274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 8 Farmers Week Address by Hon. Philip A. college exams, so~e of the questions are so stopped, and the steel miUs went on short involved they seem to require more than just shifts. As everyone knows,. the farmer can­ Hart, of Michigan yes or no answers. Incidentally, when that not do this. All those · with farms here to­ roll is called in the Senate Agriculture Com­ night could not significantly affect the food mittee, it is a great advantage to come from or fiber by substantially cutting their pro­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS a State with a diversity of agricultural and OF duction~not even all the farmers in Michi­ forestry interests such as we have in Michi­ gan could achieve a meaningful measure· of ERNEST . gan. I don't have to answer the roll for reduced national production if they should HON. GRUENING cotton, rice, tobacco, wheat, dairy, citrus cut farm production in l;lalf next year. · OF ALASKA fruits, or corn and hogs. Every man on the The individual farmer, regardless of the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES committee, I am sure, seeks what is best for level of price, cannot significantly affect the whole country, but if your State's chief Monday, February 8, 1960 overall output; on the contrary every pres­ economy is one basic crop, you can expect to sure upon him is to utilize his production Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, last find that crop's best interest looking mighty resources to the fullest. This would seem to Thursday evening, at the Michigan State like the whole country's best interest. say tl;l.at a national farm program that does University, the distinguished junior Perhaps my baptism of fire came on the not recognize the need to influence orderly wheat bill last year. I discovered that JlOt changes in overall farm production and work Senator from Michigan [Mr. HART] de­ only did thousands of Michigan's farmers to do just that, is inadequate. livered a speech in connection with the grow wheat, but that there were different A second ·measure to ask: Does the farm celebration of Farmers Week. While kinds of wheat. The kind we grow in Mich­ program make a contribution to our foreign he himself had to remain here to vote igan is in high demand and is not in the policy; does . it advance the cause of world on the school aid bill, his remarks were great storage bins as the surplus which is the peace and the growth of less developed na­ delivered via film. His penetrating Nation's worry. One of our great troubles is tions? Does it at least avoid conflict with statements on the farm program should the failure of the press, slick and daily, to or harmful effects upon the United States make this fact clear in their call to arms relations with other ·nations? This general be preserved in yet another and I there­ against the wheat glut. fore ask unanimous consent that they topic may seem far away, but specific actions A fellow named Mr. Yankus also kept my involving these issues confront us every day. be printed in full in the CONGRESSIONAL life interesting. But even though the bills Will the revision and extension of the Sugar RECORD. we sent to the House and to the President Act-a program from which we might learn There being no objection, the address would have made Mr. Yankus' life easier had he stayed with us in the United States, and much in dealing with basic commodities­ was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, would have protected our 15-acre wheat will this extension help or aggravate our re­ as follows: farmers in Michigan, the administration lations with Cuba? Will our overseas sales REMARKS BY SENATOR PHILIP A. HART, DEMO­ and the President worked hard against both of wheat affect the economy of our neighbors CRAT OF MICHIGAN, AT THE ANNUAL FARM the bills-the one that would have cut 20 in Canada? Clearly yes. Then how do we MANAGEMENT BANQUET HELD DURING FARM­ percent in exchange for an 80 percent price reconcile conflicting claims? These are not ERS WEEK, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, support, and finally the 25 percent cut in insignificant questions; but even more basic THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 4, 1960 exchange for 90 percent parity supports. is the fa.ct that tonight over two-thirds of Farmers Week is one of the rich traditions Well, we are back working on the wheat the people of the world will go to bed hun­ of our great State. It has served well, not this weelt..,---the opening hearing was on gry. The population of the world is twice only the good farmers of Michigan but our Wednesday-and all I can say is that I will that of a hundred years ago; the population whole economic community. Again we meet do my best for soft white winter Michigan explosion indicates that it may well double here on the Michigan State University cam­ wheat, as well as for a program that will again in just 40 years. Who here tonight is pus, the most appropriate setting for this bring some order to a situation seriously out blind to the enormous impact, in terms of conference in all of Michigan. No longer is of balance. Here again, because Michigan is world stability, of this contrast of hunger MSU thought of as preeminent in the agri­ a State with diversified farming, I do not among many and abundance in the hands cultural education field alone. Its contri­ feel the same kind of duty which one would of a few? Certainly, any farm program must bution in all the disciplines long has been feel if he represented one of the great wheat be measured against the fact of the total acknowle:lged. But tonight I want to report areas. world population-peoples far beyond our that which is no surprise-the quality of its Fortunately, I am not a candidate this 50 States. agricultural faculty is conceded by everyone year for any office. I do not come to you Thirdly, does the program contribute to with whom I have had contact in Wash­ with .a farm program. But there will be the wisest use of the Nation's total human ington. First hand I can testify to the wil­ plenty of those who will do just that this and natural resources and to our maximum lingness of that agricultural faculty to help year, and tonight I want to discuss some of growth? Committing too much of our re­ me. I take this opportunity publicly to the criteria- the tests-by which we might sources to agriculture-or to any segment thank them for their help and patience with evaluate the 1960 farm programs proposed of our economy-would mean a shortage of this agriculture student. by the avowed and the unavowed candidates, resources for other needs, such as schools, Some 16 months ago, during the campaign not to mention by the major farm organiza­ roads, forests, recreation areas, hospitals, for the U.S. Senate, I came to MSU and de­ tions of our Nation. What are the questions etc. True not all of our resources are livered a speech on agricultural policy. As we. should ask about any farm program? transferable. But many are, including the radio soap operas put it, time passed. Eight separate questions or measurements people, and the very best National and State I was elected to the Senate-just a year ago. have occurred to me as I have done my cram­ programs are needed effectively to meet the Within days of the opening of the Senate, ming on my assignment, and I mention them demands on our resources. the freshmen were assigned to their com­ not in any necessary priority or order: The fourth is one which, when stated, is mittees. For the first t-ime in 35 years, Mich­ First, will the farm program enable farm­ obvious: Does the farm program provide an igan had a Senator on the Committee on ers to share in the proceeds of their own in­ adequate food supply for the American con­ Agriculture and Forestry-it was HART. And creased productivity, as well as the increased sumer, both now and in the future when I was afraid to look at that speech I had national prosperity which the future should needs will be greater and capabilities more made. I hope all future officeholders profit hold for all our people? uncertain. This seems so obvious I suspect from my experience, and when they cam­ In recent years farmers have not gained it sometimes is completely overlooked. paign beyond their fields of experience, they from their increased productivity. On the There are those who look at the surpluses had better realize that suddenly they may contrary, their .income has been reduced. of today and scoff at the idea that there is have to answer the question, just as I did: Michigan's farmers are no exception. To the any need for conservation and reclamation "Well, what are you going to do about the extent that legislation will be a factor in programs. In my book, nothing could be farm program now?" this participation in productivity, the diffi­ more dangerous or more shortsighted. Pop­ Dean Cowden and his staff of able profes­ culty and limitations have been illustrated ulation estimates for the United States in sors know a lo · ~ about·freshmen. They know in the contras·t between the work I have 50 years indicate we must produce sufficient they take awhile to settle down and do their done on the Senate Antitrust and Monopoly food and fiber for 370 million persons here studying. So, as in all institutions of higher Subcommittee ·and my work on the Agricul­ a.t home-more than twice our population learnin r~ . where there is great tolerance but ture Committee. today. · ever-present hope for their potential, ways When Congress is concerned with the But not only will our agricultural produc­ are devised to make freshmen study. It's nature of automobile financing or pricing, it tion have to meet the demands of our in­ called semester exams, and the cramming is a simple matter to have the officials of creased population; the USDA, in studies that is done for these exams is one of the the three or four firms that produce over just comple•ted for the Senate Select Com­ great t~chniques of the American educa­ 90 percent of the Nation's automobiles ap-· mittee on National Water Resources, indi­ tional system. pear before the committee. Contrast this cates that some 80 million acres of our best There is a similar problem and a similar with the impossibility of hearing from tl;l.e cropland will have disappeared by that time, method in the Congress. Cramming comes over 2 million farmers who produce 90 per­ mostly as a result of the expansion of our on the day before the committee opens cent of our feed and fiber. cities and other factors well known to you. hearings on a basic farm bill. The examina­ When the demand for automobiles or steel The Department has also projected the addi­ tion occurs when the roll is called. It is a was not pa.rticularly good during the .1958 tion of only 25 million acres through recla­ yzs or no vote. Just like some yes or no recession, the assembly lines were slowed or mation and related practices in that same 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2275 period. Research in new techniques, in­ And even more startling is the fact that process can and ·will work if we all continue creased irrigation in areas where irrigation the overall drop in net farm income would to study' and probe for the answers. has been only an experiment, and vastly ex­ be occurring while the overall income of Slogans, catchwords, and slick phrases, panded conservation practices and programs individuals is estimated to increase 22 per· are not going to be the building blocks for are needed to meet the demands of tomor­ cent by the year 1965. a satisfactory farm program. Tonight, I can row. It is foolhardy to use the existence of Yes, a right, proper, and very key question assure you only of my intention to measure surplus production now as an argument for to ask concerning any farm program is: the programs which come before me, acting throttling and restricting our conservation What happens to the income of the farmers? for you in the U.S. Senate, by these stand­ and research programs for future decades. I believe the answer to this question puts ards; to ask these questions of each new pro­ The fifth question: Will the proposed farm very definite limits on the acceptance of posal. And I promise to continue my own programs reward the farmers for their work some of the proposed programs. We now education with the able support and advice and managerial skills on a scale comparable have the conclusions of our best agricultural of the staff of this College of Agriculture, to those of other persons in the economy? It economists; we now see the extreme eco­ which has never yet failed to further the farm is on this point that so much of the debate nomic effect on farmers' income from an education of your freshman Senator. revolves when programs come before the absence of some type of controls or support. Thank you for this opportunity to be with Senate Agriculture Committee-particularly As we look for new methods of production you tonight. those concerned with our basic price-sup- control, I, for one, will be sympathetic to ported commodities. · suggestions to abandon acreage controls and The question constantly before the Sen­ move toward systems based on specific units ate Agriculture Committee, when it con­ of production. Hopefully, we can return Questionnaire on Public Questions Sub .. siders the role of govern~ent in supporti~g many of the decisions on these controls to or controlling the produc.tion of a bas1c the farmers themselves. mitted to People of North Dakota commodity, is: What will happen to the In our Nation we have always supported a farmer's receipts and to his income? It is system of agriculture consistent with our the answer to this ques•tion which most ef­ ideas of individual private ownership. EXTENSION OF REMARKS fectively establishes the limits and the extent Family farms have been an important and OF of approaches to be considered. continuing part of our Nation's life. Thus, There has been much debate about pulling the sixth point I would make is that a farm HON. MILTON R. YOUNG Government out of agriculture, or "freeing program must result in a system of agricul­ OF NORTH DAKOTA agriculture"; the idea being that we should ture providing to the fullest extent possible IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES "free" agriculture from Government inter­ freedom of individual management and vention. In terms of this fifth measure­ ownership, and supporting family-sized units Monday, February 8, 1960 ment, is this "freeing agriculture". a realistic in the traditions of our Nation. These his­ Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr. alternative? Last year, frankly, I was not toric concepts today are being challenged, are sure. As the public pressures and mail President, recently I sent questionnaires said to be outmoded, and will continually be to 27,000 North Dakota people. This mounted-generated by magazine stories of attacked from many quarters. The price payments to corporate farms of hundreds of that would be paid for abandoning these represents about 1 out of every 10 voters thousands of dollars-and as budget costs principles would be very high indeed. To in North Dakota. They reached every continued to mount, I often felt that this have a meaningful program must it not be voting precinct in the State. The return was the only direction in which to move. geared in two directions-the commercial of the questionnaires was amazingly good At least one of the results of this concern farm and the low income farmer? Needs and and, when completed, there will be ap­ was our vote putting a ceiling of $50,000 on aspirations of one differ from the other. support payments. No more millionaires by proximately 7,000 replies. Our farm programs should reflect these dif­ I ask unanimous consent to have the way of USDA checks. ferences. The distinctions between programs But the answer as to what the economic designed to help rural low-income families, results of the questionnaires printed in results would be if we really "freed" agri­ through rural development programs, the the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. culture-removing controls and support­ family-type commercial farm, and the cor- . There being no objection, the question-_ was not clear in my mind. I think it was porate-owned commercial farm are often naires and returns were ordered to be not clear to some of the old hands, either. blurred. We need a vastly expanded rural printed in the RECORD, as follows: For this reason I welcomed the initiative development effort along the lines of the area The 5,697 questionnaires tabulated to date taken by Senator ELLENDER, chairman of the redevelopment bill which passed the Senate Senate Agriculture Committee, in requesting (from a total of 27,000 mailed to North last year and is now in the House. The Dakota people) represent a good cross section that agriculture economists of the USDA, in family-type tommercial farm must be pro­ cooperation with economists from our lead­ of views. It should be noted, however, that vided with adequate credit, managerial, and there was a higher proportionate return from ing colleges of agdculture, undertake a study technical resources. based on the following suppositions, neces­ farmers than nonfarmers. Every effort was My seventh question in measuring: Is the made to describe the major farm proposals sarily present in any "freeing agriculture" cost of the program, both to the Treasury move: pending in Congress fairly and accurately and directly to the consumer, reasonable, in the small space available. "F" where "What would be the probable market· sup­ and will it be distributed fairly? American plies and prices of farm products and the used means farmers; "NF" means non- consumers are willing to pay for their gro­ farmers. · probable aggregate farm output and level of ceries and farm products if they are assured farm prices for the period 1960-65, assuming 1. Do you think that foreign aid should the farmer is sharing equitably and fairly be: Abolished? 808. Continued with pres­ all production controls except those on in the abundance of our Nation's wealth. tobacco were removed and assuming price ent amount of funds? 1,687. Continued with Certainly this question of what is fair, how greatly decreased.ftmds? 2,867. supports were maintained at levels which much is equitable, is a reasonable area for would permit an orderly reduction, over a 2. Do you favor legislation to provide Fed­ political debate. The programs you will hear eral aid to education? Yes, 3,033; no, 2,116. 7-10 year period, of the current excessive discussed in the months ahead will place stocks of storeable farm products." 3. If you plan to vote Republican this year, much emphasis on what is proper, and how which of the following would be your choice In plain language, what. would happen to these costs will be reduced. Perhaps the farm prices ' and farm income with virtually for President? Nixon, 2,132; Rockefeller, most disturbing facts brought to light re­ 1,371. free production and marketing of agricul­ cently on this point are the evidences of ex­ tural commodities? cessive storage costs disclosed by the Agri· 4. If you plan to vote Democrat, which of The study and report are now available-· culture Subcommittee under the chairman­ the following would be your choice for Presi­ received by the committee just 2 weeks ago. ship of Senator SYMINGTON, investigating the dent? Humphrey, 2,249; Kennedy, 782; Here are some of the results-and remember, CCC. We can all profit from the careful and Stevenson, 248; Symington, 381. this is not from those who want to prove or responsible work that he has undertaken. 5. If the following were nominated for disprove a program, but from the experts Last question: Does the proposed program President, which one in each group would be who made the analysis without trying to contribute to the permanent solution of the your choice? (All candidates listed alpha­ prove or disprove, support or undermine, problem or is it a temporary palliative which betically.) Humphrey, F, 2,329; NF, 529; specific programs or proposals. The high­ will make more difficult a long-run solution? total, 2,848; Nixon, F, 940; Nit', 875; total, 1,815. Kennedy, F, 1,451; NF, 468; total, lights are these, and I am assured thay are For any one farm program fully to meet on the conservative side. 1,919; Nixon, F, 1,123; NF, 837; total, 1,960. all of these criteria, I am confident would be Nixon, F, 1,200; NF, 918; total, 1,118; Steven­ Net farm income would drop to $7 billion impossible. Our Government works because by 1965, a drop of 46 percent from 1958; son, F, 1,243; NF, 376; total, 1,619. Rocke­ average commodity prices would be 90 cents we have built into our system the means by feller, F, 1,492; NF, 935; total, 2,427; Steven­ for a bushel of wheat; 80 cents for a bushel which each of us may express his thoughts son, F, 1,033; NF, 309; total, 1,342. of corn; $15 per 100 pounds of beef cattle; and viewpoints as to which of these eight 6. (The bracketed comments on the follow­ $11.20 per 100 pounds for hogs; $3.60 per points are of the greatest necessity and de· ing farm measure did not appear on the 100 pounds for milk at wholesale; 29 cents mand the most immediate attention. ~is original questionnaire.) for a dozen eggs; 15 cents a pound for is the true political process. I do not pre· (a) Abolish all price support programs and broilers. tend to have the answers, but I believe the controls? [Many commented that these 2276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 8 programs should be abolished gradually.] tion& of the Communist conspiracy, and' same law and at the same rates as do their Yes, F, 607; NF, 564; total, 1,171. No, F, I heartily recommend the committee's competitors. Exceptions are minor in na­ 3,203; NF, 1,023; total, 4,226. annual report as background material ture." (Jerry Voorhis, Co-op League of (b) Provide high price supports and mar­ U.S.A.) keting quotas for every commodity a farmer for study. 4. "Co-ops have spread into other fields in produces, with stiff penalties for violation of only a minor degree-any inequity that may marketing - quotas? Under this proposal exist by reawn of the corporation double tax price supports would be based on direct pro­ Washington Report should be relieved by gradual elimination of duction payments for each commodity. the double tax and not by extending it to [This is basically the farmers union pro­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS co-ops." (M. R. Garstan, National Milk gram.] Approve, F, 2,048; NF, 543; total, Producers Federation.) 2,591. Disapprove, F, 1,224; NF, 732; total, OF 5. "The co-op is merely a vehicle--there 1,956. - should. be a single tax and ·at the patrons' (c) Abolish present mandatory 75- percent HON. BRUCE ALGER level." (Wilmer Smith and Horace Smith, of parity price supports for wheat and dairy OF TEXAS Texas.) · commodities; elimination of the 15-acre pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 6. "Our farmers co-ops have not been able to achieve the size that is necessary." vision; elimination of acreage allotments Monday, February 8, 1960 and marketing quotas; price supports for (F. V. Heinkel, Missouri Farmers Associa­ wheat based on the support level for corn Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, I include tion.) (which is primarily based on a 3-year mar­ the following newsletter of February 6, 7. "We are opposed to enactment of legis­ ket price average) with adjustments for dif­ 1960: lation classifying co-op savings as corpora­ ferences in quality, etc.?' According to testi­ tion profits." (John. Baker, National Farm­ mony of proponents, this would result in WASHINGTON REPORT BY CONGRESSMAN BRUCE ers Union.) ALGER, FIFTH DISTRICT, TEXAS, FEBRUARY 6, price supports of approximately $1.10 to $1.20 Arguments in behalf of business a bushel. [This is a brief outline of the 1960 TAXATION OF COOPERATIVES 1. "Co-ops do all the things their non­ American Fan.n Bureau Federation program co-op competitors (corporations) do; co-ops as it appeared in the December 21, 1959, issue What should be done about cooperatives' taxation? At present co-ops can escape Fed­ enjoy the benefits of corporate citizenship; of the American Farm Bureau News.] co-ops should share the cost of govern­ Approve: F, 632; NF, 389; total, 1021; dis­ eral taxation completely while corporations are taxed twice-once as a corporation (30 ment." (Roswell Magill, Grain and Feed approve: F, 2735; NF, 804; total, 3539. Dealers National Association.) (d) Provide price supports for wheat at percent first $25,000 of profit, 52 percent all above $25,000) and again when what's left 2. "Co-op tax privileges should be ended 100 percent of parity (presently $2.36 a for three reasons: (a) It's inequitable; bushel) for that portion of the farmers: pro­ is distributed to stockholders, each of whom pays personal income tax accmding to his there's discrimination between sources of duction which is consumed within the revenue, and unwarranted competitive ad­ United States. (This would be about half of bracket. Yet both co-ops and corporations engage in many of the same business activi­ vantage; (b) It's uneconomic, hurting Na­ his production.) For the other half, the pro­ tion overall since other taxpayers must make ducer could receive the market price or what­ ties. Co-ops originated from the voluntary up the difference, and is mo-nopoUs.tic; (c) ever minimum price support the Congress Loss of revenue to Government."-Dr. R. T. might provide. Proponents claim that under banding together of farmers who wanted to strengthen their bargaining position in sales Patterson, National Tax Equality Association. this program acreage allotments or quotas 3. "All organizations engaging in business soon .could be eliminated. [This is the of their products and the purchase of needed supplies. Despite the legitimate aim of should be taxed equally-co-ops should be Young proposal as contained in Senate bill taxed on retained earnings besides cash dis­ 892. It is substantially the program spon­ fa;rmers, the tax inequity of the present sit­ uation is recognized and admitted by all but tl7ibution."-John 'White, Council of State sored by the National Grange and the Na­ Chambers of Commerce and American Cot­ tional Association of Wheat Growers.] Ap­ a few of the most extreme farm organizations. In 1951 Congress tried to remedy the situa­ ton Shippers Association. prove: F, 2861; NF, 941; total, 3802; disap­ 4. "Co-ops have U.S. Treasury f"unds as prove: F, 643; NF, 395; total, 1038. tion by passing legislation to j;ax all co-op in­ come a single time either at the co-op level capital with cotton as collateral--selective 7. If it would appear impossible for Con­ control of cotton results in overvalued cotton gress to agree on any new farm legislation, (retained earnings) or the co-op patron. However, the courts have rendered the legis­ inventories- owned by the CCC."-R. W. Wil­ would you approve modifying the. pres.e.nt liamson,. American Cotton Shippers Associa­ program to make it more. workable until a lation ineffective inasmuch as the certificates tio-n. of value frequently issued by the co-ops were new one could be enacted? This would envi­ 5. "Of the $66 million net savings of the sion some further cut in production, reduc­ ruled ·nontaxable to the patron since they weren't money. Certificates were issued as Southern States · Cooperative, only $17 mil­ ing the present 15-acre exemption to 12 acres lion was paid to patrons, leaving $49 milllon or less, and stiffer penalties for violation of representative of a patron's investment and earnings in the co-op. The earnings were for business expansion free of income quotas. Approve: F, 2615; NF, 1021; total, taxes."--J. Howell, Southern States Indus­ 3636; disapprove: F, 751; NF, 381; total, 1132. left in the co-op for growth purposes. Re­ sult--tllis double-jointed problem demaJtded trial Council. 8. Do you approve of the soil bank pro­ answer-how to tax the noncash certificate 6. "Ninety percent of people polled wanted gram? Yes: F, 1365; NF,446; total, 1811; No: and how to tax the retained earnings of co-ops to be taxed equally with corpora­ F, 2354; NF 1263; total, 3617. co-ops which weren't distributed? The de­ tions."-George Burger, National Federation mands came from corporation personnel and of Independent Business. stockholders who saw huge c6-ops spring up, 7. "We do feel it our duty to request that engaged in manufacturing, distribution, and the difference in the tax laws concerning our Report of the House Committee on Un­ processing in such widely divergent fields as company and co-ops be corrected. It is un­ oil production, cotton processing, fertilizer fair."-Harold Garner, president, Interna­ American Activities manufacture-all grown big by tax-free re­ tional Chemi:cal Workers Union, Local 644 tained earnings. By contrast, corporations (AFL-CIO), Henderson, Ky., Spencer Chemi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS must pay at least half their earnings in Fed­ cal Co. 8. "All net savings and income of farmer OF eral income taxes. The Ways and Means Committee hearings co-ops should be subject to a single Federal HON. FRANCIS E. WALTER concluded this week were but one of a series income tax."-Charles Shuman, American over several years without legislative action. Farm Bureau Federation. OF PENNSYLVANIA Approximately 50 witnesses testified this 9. "Wealthy landowners not only get the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES week, representing divergent viewpoints, in­ lion's share of the price-support money and Monday, February 8, 196(} cluding business, government, private citi­ acreage allotments, but they are indeed the zens, agriculture and various associations. principal beneficiaries on the income tax Mr. WALTER. - Mr. Speaker, as chair­ Some of the views differed greatly l).nd war­ exemption accorded farm co-ops."-A. L. man of the House · Committee on Un­ rant study Reed, Public Information Committee of the I American Activities, I am placing in the Arguments advanced in behalf of co-ops Cotton Industries. hopper today a report of the work ac­ 1. "Tax co-ops only once, to either the The alternative proposals suggested as complished by this committee during the co-op or the patron, but n9t both; noncash solutions year 1959. allocations to patron must be reported as 1. Rumble suggestion, proposed by co-ops, During the course of committee hear­ taxable income by patrons." (W. E. Rumble, that net earnings or savings of co-ops are to ings, as the report points out, it has be­ National Federation of Grain .Co-ops.) be taxed only once and then to either the 2. "Spell out the intent of the 1951' law so co-op or the patron but not both. Noncash ;come increasingly apparent that the there are no loopholes." (E. S. Sletton, allocations, are to be. reported as income by threat to our security from international Minnesota Association of Co-ops.) patrons. (Disadvantage here is that patron communism is growing each day. It is 3. "Co-op businesses ·enjoy no tax advan­ must pay tax when not getting any money.) urgent that each Member of Congress be­ tage over their competitors. On the contrary, 2 . .Simpson bill (Treasury bill ~-H.R. 7875: come aware and familiar with the opera- co-op businesses pay all ta){es under the Tax co-ops retained earnings but do not tax 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- I-ICUSE 2277 at co-op level the cash distributions or 3- and other crops. Some excellent designs ready fixed exorbitantly , high by big year 4-percent promise-to-pay certificates have already been developed through drug manufacturers. (both of which are reported for tax by this joint effort. Here are some examples of gouging patron). practices which have been engaged in 3. Davis bill H.R. 3848 assesses the entire I am also grateful to the laboratory tax to the co-op itself, then extends a tax for the advances it has made in use of by large pharmaceutical manufacturers, credit to the patron when he receives a co-op wood in the home. The warmth of wood .according to hearings conducted by the distribution. His tax credit is equal to the makes it a favorite material in home Kefauver committee, which are good tax paid by the co-op on the member's share construction. The development of better reasons for defeat of fair trade legisla­ of the earnings. finishes and paints for wood, better ways tion. Enactment of such legislation 4. Cash compromise: Co-ops to be taxed to protect wood from insects, decay and would place still further power to gouge as corporations on retained earnings, except fire, and more economical ways of using consumers in the hands of those now all cash pay-outs are to. be fully deductible fixing manufacturer prices at exorbitant from co-op tax but taxable individually to wood for the structural parts of the patrons. home are of great value to all home levels: 5. Mason bill H .R. 199: Co-ops to be taxed owners and prospective builders. First. A large pharmaceutical house just like corporations. I subscribe to the principle of "wise bought female sex hormones for 14 cents For my part, I dislike as much as anyone use" expounded by the Forest Servic~. a gram and sold them to druggists for the double taxation of corporations today. The development of economic processes $15 a gram, an increase of over 10,000 Therefore, I dislike extending it to co-ops to use all of the products of the forest percent. but in equity and in the interest of consist­ should be an important part of the job. Second. The same large pharmaceu­ ency, I see no alternative. I am sure that the Forest Service can tical house sells an arthritis wonder drug The entire controversy surrounding co-op rise to tbe challenge in its Forest Prod­ in Britain for $7.35 per hundred tablets, corporation taxation is another demonstra­ while U.S. customers are charged $17.90, tion of too heavy a tax load and the effort ucts Laboratory. made to avoid it. The real answer is reduced I wish to join with my colleagues in 2% times as much. Federal Government spending which would saluting the internationally famous For­ Third. Steroid compounds are sold for make possible sound tax reduction. My con­ est Products Laboratory on its 50th an­ marlmps of 1,000 to 8,000 percent by tinued efforts directed 'toward these twin niversary. manufacturers to wholesalers. The de­ goals of less spending and lower taxes should fense is made by manufacturers that please both cooperatives and corporations. this markup finances research. How­ What will be done by the Ways and Means ever, Dr. Philip Berke, vice president of Committee and Congress? ·Well, it's an Formet Labs in New Jersey, a small bulk election year. More than ever, Members of The Federal Fair Trade Bill Congress will respond to the demands of the manufacturer of steroids, said that his more vocal constituents (sometimes, fact s firm could supply "the steroid needs of to the contrary ' notwithstanding). As al­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS the world" on an investment of $5 ways, it's up to the people, even on occasion, OF million. to provide the leadership. Yet, I am sure Fourth. A large firm markets an anti­ that a substantial majority of Members of HON. JOHN D. DINGELL arthritic drug for $17.90 per 100 tablets, Congress recognize the need for immediate OF MICHIGAN while competitors market the same for legislative action. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $4, $6.75, $6.95, or $12. The smaller Monday, February 8, 1960 firms say that they can do this because of low promotional budgets. Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, during Fifth. Another large drug house mar­ The Golden Anniversary of the Forest the last session of Congress I opposed kets a drug, which costs 3.05 cents a Products Laboratory H.R. 1253, the Harris Federal fair trade tablet to produce, for 17.9 cents a tablet. bill. The bill would have vested in the Small competitors are able to sell the EXTENSION OF REMARKS hands of manufacturers the power to same drug at prices ranging from 4 cents OF control prices, not only on the manufac­ to 12 cents a tablet, oftentimes buying turer level but also on the wholesale and the substance in bulk from the first large HON. CATHERINE MAY retail levels of distribution-in fact, from manufacturer and then processing it into OF WASHINGTON the plant gates until the time it reached tablets. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the hands of the ultimate consumer. The Military Medical Supply Agency The bill would permit those who control asked for bids and bought the same drug Monday, February 8, 1960 the prices to deal ruthlessly with retail­ for 4.15 cents and later for 2.09 cents. Mrs. MAY. Mr. Speaker, as a native ers and wholesalers who did not follow The Veterans' Administration · nego­ of the State of Washington, I have their high fixed prices. tiated a purchase of the same drug, pred­ watched many a logging truck pass by to According to reputable economists, nisone, for 13.6 cents and later bought it . satisfy the hunger of our great timber who are unanimously opposed to fair by bid for 3.85 cents and in another in­ industries. Some of the trucks carry trade, this specific bill would cost con­ stance for 2.2 cents a tablet. only one log, and require a special guide sumers $10 billion a year. Prices of other miracle drugs, phar­ car to warn motorists that a wider than Proponents of this iniquitous legisla­ maceuticals, steroids, and other sub­ highway limit load is following. Others tion did not make any complaint of un­ stances necessary to the health and wel­ may carry a load equivalent to several . fairly high and improper manufacturer fare of our people are being raised to small trees. The species include Doug­ and wholesale prices. The principal astronomical price heights by greedy las-fir, western hemlock, sitka spruce, sponsors of this legislation are the Na­ persons who are profiting unduly from ponderosa pine, white pine, white firs, tional Association of Retail Druggists, the misery of our sick and aged. cedars, lodgepole pine and many other · wholesale drug associations, and some of Remember, the prices I cite are only lesser known varieties. the big drug manufacturers. prices to wholesalers and the ultimate . I have long marveled at the great The hearings being conducted by the price may actually be 50 percent to 200 variety of products made from these logs Honorable ESTES KEFAUVER in the U.S. percent higher by the time the com­ which vary so widely in size and type of Senate have revealed some additional modity in question reaches the ultimate wood. It is evident that the Forest Prod­ and shobking reasons · why the enact­ consumer through the retail outlet. • ucts Laboratory, which does our Federal ment of fair trade is not in the public To place in the hands of such ruthless, utilization research on wood, has dealt interest. These hearings have shown greedy persons the vast power over the with a broad and complex field during conclusively that fair trade is a danger whole price structure by enactment of a these past 50 years. even beyond that anticipated by the Federal fair trade law would be a mis­ The timber industries are not the only Federal Trade Commission, the Attorney take which cannot be made by the Con­ ones who benefit from work of the lab­ General, and every Government agency gress charged with protecting the public oratory. During the past few years the which uniformly opposed it as_a "pro interest. laboratory has collaborated with the Ag­ tanto repeal of the antitrust laws." This Enactment of a Federal fair trade ricultural Research Service in improv­ legislation would authorize complete statute would mean precisely such power ing the engineering design of palletized price fixing in the drug and pharmaceu­ and would be dangerous to our economy field boxes used for harvesting apples tical line, where factory prices are al- and to our people beyond telling. 2278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 8 Passage of a Federal fair trade a greenhouse for the College of Agri­ ·CUrities, which are very close to being money, statute would permit other industries, culture are. under construction at a cost has much the same effect as creation of such as hardware, appliances, food, of $10 million. money by running the printing press. If clothing, soft goods, auto accessories, But the heart of any great university this archaic and harmful restriction is not removed, it, is the average American citizen gasoline and oil to adopt the pricing is its faculty. In practically every field, who will be .hurt-and hurt badly. practices prevalent in the drug industry. West Virginia University faculty mem­ The question of whether the Congress will bers have distinguished themselves act responsibly with respect to the interest through their research and imagination. rate ceiling is much broader than the ques­ And, among State universities, West tion of the ceiling itself; it is a ques~ion of West Virginia University-Symbol of Virginia University is among the lead­ whether th'is Nation will return to the dis­ Hope for a Great Future ers in the proportion of its alumni who credited and highly dangerous cheap money are included in "Who's Who in policies of the past. The demagogs can cry America." out against high interest rates, but the only EXTENSION OF REMARKS In 93 years of tremendous expansion, alternative they can offer is simply to create OF more and more money to try to bring inter­ West Virginia University has not lost one est rates down. This can only lead to de­ of its greatest assets-it's campus and basement. of the currency, infiation, and all HON. KEN HECHLER the community of Morgantown-which OF WEST VIRGINIA of the hardship and misery that a depreciat· the board of visitors of the old Agricul­ ing currency entails. If this great Nation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tural College described to Gov. Arthur were to embark on such a program it would Monday, February 8, 1960 I. Boreman in 1867 as: inevitably weaken, and perhaps destroy this Unsurpassed for health, good order and country's position of leadership in the free Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, morality. The view and scenery, embracing world. throughout West Virginia this week, cit­ mountain, river, forests and farms, are ex· This is no idle theory; it is a lesson of his­ izens are observing the 93d birthday of ceedingly attractive and picturesque. tory, testified to by the countless instances in our great State university, which was which fiscal recklessness and irresponsibility founded on February 7, 1867. This description adequately fits most have led to economic ruin. The founding of West Virginia Uni­ of West Virginia, which is indeed one of .versity at Morgantown is of special in­ our country's most scenic States. De­ terest to Members of Congress because spite the distorted picture which an itinerant writer for the Saturday Eve­ Address by Hon. Vance Hartke, of an act of Congress enabled my State to ning Post tried to present, West Vir­ begin the development of its first great Indiana, at Dedication of Temple Adatl1 university. ginia is on the threshold of tremen­ dous economic expansion. I am con­ Israel, Evansville, Ind. On July 2, 1862, Congress passed the vinced that my State will grow and Land Grant (Morrill) Act-an example prosper in the years ahead as its uni­ of how Federal aid without Federal con­ versity has in the past 93 years. West EXTENSION OF REMARKS trol can be used to stimulate the growth Virginia University symbolizes the OF of education. .This is a timely example State's hope and promise of dynamic HON. ESTES KEFAUVER as we consider current proposals to growth in the future. Its graduates, strengthen our educational system and those of our great State colleges, OF TENNESSEE through Federal aid. The Morrill Act will provide the imaginative leadership IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES spurred the development of great State which West Virginia's great future de­ Monday, February 8, 19BO universities through our land. mands. Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, all The tremendous achievements flowing of us from time to time are called upon from this act of Congress dramatize the to speak before various civic, business, dynamic role Federal aid can play in Raising Interest Ceilings and religious groups. This is a privilege strengthening our educational system. of our public office, and one which we As an example, let us look behind the EXTENSION OF REMARKS magical door which the Morrill Act accept with pleasure and pride. I was OF particularly impressed by a speech de­ opened for higher education in West livered by our colleague, the distinguished Virginia. HON. JOHN V. LINDSAY junior Senator from Indiana EMr. When the Agricultural College of OF NEW YORK HARTKE} •.when he spoke at the dedication West Virginia opened in 1867, there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Temple Adath Israel in Ev-ansville, were 2 buildings, 6 faculty. members and Ind., last January 10. 122 students. The college was valued at Monday, February 8, 1960 . $137,000. Its name was changed to West In his talk, Senator HARTKE used as Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, under his theme, "Only in America." It is most Virginia University the following year. leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ inspirational and, I feel certain, will be of From this modest beginning, a great ORD, rinclude the following statement re­ interest and value to my colleagues. university has emerged. Today West lating to the need for congressional ac­ Virginia University has 35 buildings on tion raising interest ceili:r1gs on long­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ 3 campuses totaling 480 acres. The term Government securities: sent that the speech delivered by Senator faculty and staff have increased to 1,800. HARTKE of Indiana before Temple Adath STATEMENT BY· REPRESENTATIVE JOHN V. LIND• Israel be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL And the student body has grown from SAY, REPUB'LICAN OF NEW YORK, RELATING RECORD. 122 to 6,000 students in 6 colleges and TO · THE NEED FOR CONGRESSIONAL ACTION many schools. The overall value of the RAISING INTEREST CEILINGS ON LONG-TERM There being no objection, the speech university is estimated at $100 million. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FEBRUARY 8, 1960 was ordered to be printed at this point West Virginia University has made The continued existence of the 4%, percent in the RECORD, as follows: tremendous strides under the outstand­ interest rate ceiling strikes direetly at the DEDICA\TION SPEECH, TEMPLE ADATH ISRAEL, ing leadership of its dynamic young pocketbook of the average American. As EVANSVILLE, IND. president, Dr. Elvis Stahr. a taxpayer, he must bear the cost of the When I thought about coming home to­ highly uneconomical management of our One of the world's most modern med­ day to help dedicate this Jewish house of wor­ huge national debt that results f'rom the ship, I thought it could all best be. summed • ical centers will be completed this sum­ Treasury Department being forced to do all up with the title of the best seller by mer at a cost of $30 million on a new, of its financing on short-term securities at Harry Golden. Of course, you know the 145-acre university campus. This mag­ high interest rates. Conservatively esti­ title well-"Only -in America". I am told nificent West Virginia University Medi­ mated, this is costing the taxpayer .about a this was a favorite expression among the cal Center, an outstanding architectural half billion dollars a. year. As a man who Jewish people who had not been long in achievement, is the first 4-year medical wants to buy an automobile, he is hurt by this blessed land, having arrived shortly be· and dental school in the State's history. the stiff competition that arises from · the 1 fore from countries ravaged by starvation, Another new university campus is Treasury being forced to do all of its bor­ privation, and pogroms. rowing in this way. As a consumer, he may The conunent nonly in America" was used. rising near the medical center. A large be hurt by still further Increases in the cost I to describe the thousands of phenomena. building for the College of Engineering of living, because the concentration of all , which these fmmfgrantS' found-chiefiy free­ and two classroom-office buildings and Treasury borrowing on very shol't-term se- dom. Today it is apropos once more. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 2279 You see before ·you something which The men who forged this unique concept of - Thus, this temple is not alone the symbol could indeed happen only in America. I government have. lighted th& way alcmg of a religion. It is not alone the symbol of stand before you as the cantor does on the which the country has. traveled, is traveling. a. community; wherein Catholic, Protestant, Jewish High Holy days when he says, "Be­ and will travel. and Jew are neighbors and like it. It is a. hold here am I, in deep humility." From them we draw inspiration and knowl­ fountainhead of knowledge and morality of I came from a small coal-mining town. edge. And this is the true role of history­ the kind which has sustained not only the My parents were of very modest means. I to provide guidance and an example. James Jewish people, but the Judea-Christian way learned the meaning of hard work at an Madison, sometimes called the father of the and, indeed, the American wayr early age. · But I" got a chance to go to col­ Constitution, said that "to suppose that any lege, and then law school. You folks helped form of government will secure liberty or make me m ayor at 36 and U.S. Senator at 39. happiness without any virtue in the people is Only in America could this happen. a chimerical idea." Chimerical is his word. Only in America could a poor boy from It means unreal or imaginary. Boy Scouts of America 50th Anniver· a Lutheran family find colleg~ training first George Washington said it is not realistic sary-Hampden Council No. 234 Also in a Methodist institution and then in a to believe that good government is possible State institution and then be invited to without people whose thoughts are .Footed in Celebrates Its 50th Anniversary help dedicate a Jewish temple. Only in morality and decency. He. said: "Virtue or America could a Jewish congregation buy morality is a necessary spring of popular EXTENSION OF REMARKS its temple location from the Catholic government." OF Church which obtained it originally from Of course, we do not always live up to our the State. Only in America could we look ideals. But, so long as citizens are well HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND in one direction. and see three great Catholic trained in the principles of morality and institutions as neighbors and then look in government, those · principles of the Mosaic OF MASSACHUSETTS the other direction and see two Protestant Code, wrongs will inevitably be righted. IN THE HOUSE QF.REPRESENTATIVES institutions as neighbors-all while we dedi­ . This is the true purpose of the edifice we Monday, February 8, 1960 cate a Jewish institution. dedicate here today. It is to carry on that The words of the Psalmist are appropri­ unbroken chain of Judaism and its teachings Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, all Amer .. ate: "Then said they among the nations: which started with Father Abraham and has ica tips its hat today to the Boy Scouts 'The Lord hath done great t:O.ings with passed from generation to generation and of America on the occasion of its 50th these.' The Lord hath done great things which includes Jesus of Nazareth. It is to anniversary. I take pride in noting that with us; We are rejoiced." · teach .the lofty ideals. of the Judea-Christian Only in America do we see full flowering belief-brotherhood, justice. It is to teach Hampden Council No. 234, with its bead.. of the kind of life in ke.eping with the the Ten Commandments and the other moral quarters in my congressional · district. Mosaic Code of laws and of justice. Only· codes of religion upon which man has not also celebrates its. 50th anniversary this here do we have the kind of daily lives and been able to improve in many hundreds of year. Both ev~nts were marked by an the kind of government that is in keeping years of trying. impressive banquet held in the Spring.. with not only this code, but with the con­ So long as Temple Adath Israel of Evans­ :field, Mass., auditorium on January 27, cept of the brotherhood of man and the ville, Ind .• and thousands of churches and 1960. I was highly honored to be asked fatherhood of God. synagogues like it throughout this land can In deed, the Judea-Christian concept of teach the ·ancient truths and beliefs. and to deliver the anniversary address. But, religion and the American concept of gov­ morals of the Bible and the prophets, rabbis. more significantly, I was privileged to ernment _carry similar goals and similar teachers, and disciples, the system we cher­ witness the presentation of honors and roads to these goals. The Government makes ish in this country will live. awards to scouts, scout leaders, and dis­ and carries out laws based to a great .degree This is more than a house of worship. It tinguished citizens for their outstanding on the laws of Moses. But government of is, as the synagogues have also long been contributions to and in behalf of scout.. the kind we know in the United States of known-a house of teachings, a. meeting dom. America is more than laws. It is a way of house, a house of God. The Jewish tradi­ Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent life. tion of strong family ties. is legendary. With· I include in my remarks the program, the So religion is. more than ritual, more than out it how could a religion and a people. have buildings, more than rules and regulations. survived so much for so long? It is a bed­ list of recipients of special honors. and Religion, too, is a. way of life. rock upon which sturdy foundations have my address. True religion teaches living with dignity, been built; The address, program, and list of re .. righteousness and charity, fostering justice, So it is no wonder to the thinking :man cipients follow: peace, and brotherhood. This is God's way, that this temple of a modest congregation ADDRESS BY HON. EDWARD P~ BOLAND we are taught. in a medium-sized city; contains hot only a When I was first · asked to come here to Our kind of government could not exist beautiful sanctuary combining the tradi­ participate in this event, I felt then, and I without the same principles. This is what tional with the modern, but also many fine know now that my talents would not be gives it morality and a sense of justice. . The classrooms. a youth recreation center, an equal to the task. For this is no ordinary, principles of equality of opportunity, human auditorium-gym combination. You are try­ run-of-the-mill, routine occasion-the kind dignity, God-given rights are embodied in the ing to keep on the traditions of learning of event that people in public life experi­ earliest documents of this Republic. Every which has become synonymous with the· ence so much and too often. No. This schoolboy knows that every: great leader of Jewish people. gathering- is something· extraordinary-an this Nation has reaffirmed faith in God in Citizens so educated not only pass on to episode that happens infrequently and the almost every lasting address. :future generations the great traditions and only time it will occur in the history of Anyone who has, attended sessions of city knowledge of a great people, they are also this great organization. council, the State legislature, or Congress essential to continuing this great country You honor me indeed to invite me to be knows that each is opened with a prayer. of ours. Without citizens of the· future a part of it. I appreciate very deeply your Every official in our land swears by his God trainec;l in the teachings of Judaism and gracious request. I welcome it enthusiasti­ that he will faithfully carry out the duties Christianity, imbued with a spirit of basic cally. of his office in accord with the Constitution. morality, there is no future for this country. All of us gather here tonight to mark the Everywhere you go in this land you find that Jefferson once wrote: "I know of no safe 50th anniversary of the Boy Scouts of Amer­ the country and all its divisions are rooted depository of the ultimate powers of society ica-the golden jubilee of Scoutdom. But as in belief in God. but the people themselves. And, if we think we look back at the pages of Scout history, It has been a source of joy and strength them not enlightened enough to exercise we can say with certainty that every year to find a capable and understanding Chaprain their control wi:th wholesome discretion, the has been a golden year. in the Senate. It has been inspirational fo>t: remedy is not to . take it from them, but What a glorious history it has been. No me to meet on Wednesdays with other Sen­ to inform their discretion by education.'' other youth movement has caught on so ators for breakfast and Christian meditation Madison put it this way: "Knowledge will fast • • • none. has succeeded as . well. and discussion. forever govern ignorance.'' None will endure as long. Yet, a country so grounded and whose In our way of doing things, religious My friends, this is not just happenstance. leaders are so grounded in religion has no knowledge-to know God, to understand It is so because of the very nature of the official religion. Only in America and few Him, to fear Him as a son fears his father, movement-the . bedrock upon which it is other lands is there full recognition of God to walk in His ways-is important knowledge built. Its whole activity appeals to the and His word without an official religion. because it gives. meaning and depth, because finer instincts of youth and adult. Its entire Here in America we take full and official and it provides the morality the Nation needs to program Is geared to building a better boy­ legal cognizance that every man is free to exist in its tradition. trained to the true values of physical worship as he sees fit. Knowledge such as is taught in this build· ~ength, mental · alertness-and moral As I see it, part of the greatness· of Amer­ ing is truly the only hope we have of govern­ straightness. Its total concern 1s attuned to ica stemS' from our collective belief~ur ing ourselves in the American way. It must the Sc()ut doing his duty. to his God and nondenominational belief in God-and our govern the ignorance of god!essness and -IllS' country. On this basts a.nd in this at­ dedication to protection of separate beliefs. immorality. Therefore, it must be taught. mosphere, it is no wonder that it developed CVI--144 2280 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 8 into the magnificent organization that opens votion to this movement, it could not suc­ minds is the theme the people exist for the its golden door on February 8, 1960. ceed, expand, and prosper. In assisting the state-not the state for the people. The It all started with Lord Baden-Powell, young to grow, you grow yourselves. In giv­ state is all-the · state is everything. And British military hero, author and artist. ing of your ability, your time and efforts, I they are continually being told that they can This remarkable human being drew on his know you have felt the sense of giving to and will bury us. · vast and interesting experiences to shape yourself. How true Walt Whitman's words, Well, this is what can happen and has hap­ the "Boy Scout theme" in the first Boy "The gift is to the giver and comes back most pened when the State controls youth organ­ Scout camp the world had ever known on to him." izations. The boys and girls become mere Brownsea Island, off the southern coa.st of With the challenge that faces our existence pawns in the scheme of the political masters. England in 1907. The germ of scoutdom was on all fronts-adversaries from without and Thank the founders, and the long list of planted in the United States by a newspaper decay from within-you cannot relax the Scout leaders, that this cannot happen to and magazine publisher, William D. Boyce. steady and tremendous work that is yours to your movement. By its very nature, the A good deed-a simple one-by an English continue to educate our youth in the busi­ Boy Scouts of America could not decay to Boy Scout, guiding this visiting American ness of scouting and responsibility. You this end. From the beginning, it was made through a dense London fog, was the spark have t aught and are teaching much of our certain that no Government funds were that ignited Boyce's interest. He talked to youth to love and respect our country, in wanted to maintain and support scouting­ and learned from the chief Scout himself, making the individual boy conscious of his for such funds too often lead to political and Baden-Powell, the aims and. program of obligation to his patrol, his troop, to his State interference. scouting. He came back to America to community, State, and Nat ion, you have in­ But most of all, it cannot happen be­ spread the idea. With his friends, Colin H. stilled in him at an early age the kind of cause of the hundreds of thousands of un­ Livingstone, Edgar Robinson and other responsibility that our country needs if it is paid, intensely interested volunteers who people in the Nation's Capital, Boyce estab­ to last and survive in this atomic, hydrogen, want to run their own shop and abhor the lished the Boy Scouts of America on Feb­ missile, and space age. thought of being told what to do, when to ruary 8, 1910. Wit h prejudice, h atred, and fear, youth do it and if it can be done at all. How it has flourished over the past years delinquency seemingly running rampant in As I flew here this afternoon and watched is emphatically told by the figures-58,456 many parts of the world, as well as in our the great sprawling cities of Baltimore and troops-3,288,446 cubs, scouts, and ex­ own great land, the need for the program Philadelphia and New York below, I thought plorers-1,271,702 adult volunteers. Think you offer is perhaps greater today than ever of the values that made America and what of it. Some 5,000,000 people in the Boy before. must be done to preserve it--the tremend­ Scouts of America alone. And from the time The task that lives before the leaders of ously significant part that the Boy Scouts of its birth, some 30,000,000 people of the the Scout program is great. Yet heavy and of America have played in the role of build­ United States have participated in the difficult assignments are ofttimes reduced to ing this Nation, and what scoutdom must movement. featherweight from the shear joy of the job do in the present and the future. It seems The impact that this great group has had and the knowledge that it must be done. to me that your chief Scout executive, Ar­ on the American way of life can never be · What greater happiness can be experienced thur A. Shuck, summed up the job: measured. You will find that their influence than that of helping your fellow m an-par­ "You must go forward with scoutdom ag­ has been, and is being felt in every facet ticularly the youth-to offer a chance, to gressively * * * as you do so, you must keep of the American scene. The contributions provide the means and the tools to develop in mind that tremendous parade of youth that they have made and are now m aking their talents, to learn of and enjoy the world growing up in the years before you, and in building a better Nation: A stronger about them. A:t1d this, all tending toward safeguard the future of our country by ade­ country: A healthier America-these con­ building a good boy for today, a better man quately training our boys in those things tributions can be noted through the history for the morrow. that make for the spiritual minded, dedi­ of your Boy Scout movement. The pages May I say that only you-and people like cated citizen who will, in turn, guarantee of your membership are emblazoned with the you throughout the land and in freedom the future freedom, not only of America names of great and dedicated Americans who loving countries across the world-only you but of the world. This is the goal to which have served this Nation courageously and can m ake this plan work. Volunteers, com­ the Boy Scouts of America stand dedicated." devotedly in peace and in war-Presidents, pletely unselfish people, dedicated to love of With this goal in mind, the Boy Scouts of Governors, Senators, Representatives, uni­ people, of country and of God. You are the America can look ahead to the next 50 versity presidents and educators, religious reason why the Boy Scout movement does years secure in the knowledge that is is . lea-ders, generals and privates in the Armed and can succeed. doing its part in the development of our Forces-in business and in industry, labor Oh, there have been other youth move­ youth to be physically strong, mentally and agriculture, the arts and sciences-the ments that have been tried and tested. We awake, and morally straight, to be citizens of whole gamut of American life on the Na­ know of some of them in the past and som:e character, with high spiritual ideals and tional, State, and local levels. of·the present--youth movements predicated motives. This is not just a desirable thing, All of this gives eloquent testimony to the upon government conscription and con­ but is essential if America is to fulfill its worth, the value, the untold influence of trolled by paid hirelings of the state to in­ mission as the leader of the free world. scoutdom. culcate hate, arrogance and love of war into I close with my congratulations and again Scoutdom succeeds because into it go the the impressionable youthful mind and char­ express the thanks of the people of America hopes, the aspirations, the thrills, the good, acter. to Hampden Council, Boy Scouts of America, the deeds of millions. It offers the things Many of you can recall, as I vividly do, the for its service of 50 years to the youth of that young people strive for, that boys want, documentary films on the Nazi youth move­ our community. · when they are given the opportunity and the ment made prior to World War II. Mere I am also privil.eged to bring to this leadership. boys, the same kind and age of those you great gathering, the greetings of the honor­ The scout oath, its 12 laws, the motto and have trained, being mentally framed to love ary president of the Boy Scouts of America, scout slogan, all add up to a code that can war, hand-to-hand combat, gas warfare, how Dwight D. Eisenhower, the President of the and does produce the best in the character of to shoot, how to kill. United States. human mind, body and soul. Scoutdom is This wa.s their youth movement and many built on lasting values, something like the within a few years went off to war-confi­ BOY ScOUT BAN.QVET PROGRAM, HAMPDEN very nature of the Nation itself. This coun­ dent, proud, arrogant. I remember seeing · CoUNCIL No. 234, JANUARY 27, 1960 try was not solely built by its majestic moun­ many of them as captives at the end of Opening ceremony. tains, its tumbling waterfalls and streams, its war-bitter disillusionment written on their racing rivers, its rockbound coasts, its mag­ faces. Their entire training, as mere youths, Invocation by Rev. Leslie H. Johnson, D.D., nificent plains, docile and beautiful harbors. had been geared to the vicious doctrine that Prot estant Scout chaplain, pastor, Wesley It did not, alone, come to life with its teem­ they were the master race and the only good Church. ing cities, shaded towns and v1llages and its was to conquer and to rule. Dinner. almost infinite wealth of natural resources. In defeat, they were lost--aimless. They Introduct.ion by Toastmaster Charles M. No! A nation is not built merely of brick, had nothing in which to believe and little Healey, Jr., .council commissioner. mortar, and timber to fall in the first storm. will or capacity to turn elsewhere. Their "Facing the Next Fifty," by A. Lionel Rather it is built and bound together by the souls and their minds had been wrenched Lawrence, council president. hopes and fears, the love and the labor of from them. What a pity to behold. Eagle badge presentation by Lee V. D. millions of men and women seeking a way And today, we can be sure that the youth Schermerhorn, council advancement chair­ to the infinite. movements behind the Iron Curtain-in man. So it is with Scouting. It is based upon Russia and her satellites-though, perhaps Training achievement by Andrew F. Fitz­ the combined and patient labor of m1llions playing down the war games, are engaged in hugh, council leadership training chair­ of men and women determined that Ameri­ a massive propaganda program. This effort man-Arrowhead honor, den mother's can boys, no matter where they live, shall is scaled to the task of educating through award, scouter's award, scouter's key. -have the opportunities that spell faith, hope, young peoples organizations the supremacy Special recognition by Russell G. Exley, and love. of the state-that communism is to rule the scout executive. To you, the leaders of the Scouting move­ world-that any means justifies the end­ Woodbadge presentation by Harry W. ment, go the grateful thanks of the Nation. that religion is the opiate of the people. Blodgett, director, Horace A. Moses Scout Without your enthusiasm, your zeal, your de- Relentlessly pounded into fertile youthful Reservation. 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2281 Silver Beaver Award for Distinguished 52 of Springfield, Margaret Mikesh; Pack 173 the only appropriate clarification can Service. of Sixteen Acres, Betty Plouffe; Pack 131 of come through congressional action. Any Address by Hon. EDWARD P. BOLAND. Chicopee, Vera Paci; Pack 124 of Westfield, Closing ceremony. Ina Berggren; Pack 15 of Springfield, Mrs. action of the Government that affects a SILVER BEAVER AWARDS FOR DISTINGUISHED Henry Stebbins; Pack 182 of Ludlow, Bar­ person's business or right to do business SERVICE bara LaPalme; Pack 83 of West Springfield, should be a permissible tax expense. William R. Falconer, Jr., Leon J. Carman, Iris Stefnowich; Pack 87 of West Springfield, Congress should express this philosophy Eugene OUimet, Melvin D. Southworth. Beulah Russell; Pack 150 of Chicopee, Mrs. in clarifying legislation that makes it Wilfred Thivierge; Pack 27 of Springfield, absolutely clear that it is the "sharply WOODBADGE INTERNATIONAL TRAINING AWARD Dolores Mungert; Pack 107 of Westfield ~ defined national policy" to encourage Alexander Hryniewicz, scoutmaster, troop Elizabeth Ann Regan; Pack 34 of Springfield, and not to repress freedom of expres­ 163; Roger D. Ball, scoutmaster, troop 18; Mrs. Jean Stratton; Pack 78 of Feeding Hills, John Redman, scoutmaster, troop 173; War­ Elaine Roberts; Pack 15 of Springfield, Mrs. sion. ren LaBorde, assistant scoutmaster, troop Herve Pondrice; Pack 7 of Brimfield, Jean 173; J. Arthur Baron, chairman, Chicopee McGann; Pack 21 of Springfield, Myrtle Health and Safety Committee; Harold Guy­ Picard. H.R. 755-3 ton, scoutmaster, troop 89.

SCOUT A WARDS EXTENSION OF REMARKS Receiving the Arrowhead Honor for out­ Freedom of Expression OF standing commissioner service to the units of the Hampden Council, Boy Scouts of ·EXTENSION OF REMARKS · HON. ANCHER NELSEN America, and upon completion of the re­ OF OF MINNESOTA quired years of service plus local and na­ IN THE. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional training courses were the following: HON. WILLIAM E. rJ.ULLER Monday, February 8, 1960 Algonquin distrrct, Horace "Doc" Ashline, of OF NEW YORK Feeding Hills; Nipmuck district, Rudolph IN THE HOUSE OF REfRESENTATIVES Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, this morn­ Longtin, of Springfield; King Philip District, ing is was the pleasure of several Mem­ David Katz, of Springfield. Monday, February 8, 1960 The Scouters key, a formal recognition of bers of this Congress, including myself, · successful youth leadership plus attendance Mr. MILLER of New York. Mr. to attend the 50th anniversary break­ at district, councii, national training courses, Speaker, under leave to extend my re­ fast of the Boy Scouts of America, and and roundtables were the following Scouters: marks in the RECORD, I would like to call there take part in ceremonies marking F rederick M. Converse of Troop 41 of Spring­ to the attention of the House of Repre­ the golden jubilee of this youth move­ field; Wilfred Thivierge of. Troop 150 of sentatives a bill I introduced today to ment which has meant so much to our Chicopee; Earl Nugent of Troop 48 of Spring­ amend the Internal Revenue Code of Nation. field; Adrian LaPointe of CUb Scout Pack 100 of Westfield; Edward Whittemore of 1954 so as to provide that lawful ex­ We were particularly impressed with Troop 63 of Springfield; Arthur Kingston of penditures for legislative purposes shall the 50 young men, among them Robert Troop 300 of Chicopee; William Luke, ne1gh· be allowed as deductions from gross Floyd Hoel, of Hutchinson,. Minn.­ borhood commissioner of Westover Air Force income. Scouts all-who represented the 50 Base; Donald Rice of Cub Scout Pack 34 of The Internal Revenue Service recently States of the Union. Certainly they epit­ Springfield; Ludger Morin of Troop 149 of published a regulation which attempts to omized the finest type of embryonic Chicopee Falls; Charles McCall, neighbor­ define the type of "ordinary and neces­ citizens. It is gratifying to know that hood commissioner of Westover Air Force our Nation can count on them as the Base; Richard Gaur of Troop 54 of Spring­ sary" business expense that may be de­ field; Douglas Taylor of Troop 21 of Spring­ ductible for Federal tax purposes when leaders of tomorrow. field; Gerald LaPalme of Troop 358 of Lud­ such expenses involve so-called legisla­ Though there· were only 50 of these low; Julian Pomfrey of Troop 101 of West­ tive activities. This regulation, which Scouts present ~ they represented an field; Frank Nowatka of Cub Scout Pack 124 was published on December 29, 1959, alumni of over 31 million men and boys of Westfield; Michael F. Regan of Cub Scout holds that business expenses are not a who have been associated with the move­ Pack 141 of Chicopee; Fred Held of Cub justified tax expense if for "lobbying ment since its formation here in our Na­ Scout Pack 143 of Westover Field; Alex John­ tion's Capital 50 years ago. They also son, neighborhood commissioner of West­ purposes, or the promotion or defeat of over; Robert Kaczman of Troop 108 of West­ legislation, for political campaign pur­ represent, in a most admirable way, the field. poses

In their difficult task, give them enlight­ from the State of Tennessee, to perform the SENATE enment to know and the courage to do duties of the Chair during my absence. what is right and just. CARL HAYDEN, TuESDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1960 Let us take to ourselves the prayer of Presi den t pro tempore. The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, St. Francis of Assisi-so loved by all Mr. GORE thereupon took the chair and was called to order by Senator men-and pondering on it, make it our as acting President pro tempore. ALBERT GoRE, of Tennessee, Acting Presi­ prayer: "Lord, make me an instrument of Your dent pro tempore. THE JOURNAL Father Godfrey Kloetzli, O.F.M., of peace. Where there is hatred, let me sow the Franciscan Monastery, Washington, love; where there is injury, pardon; On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by D.C., offered the following prayer: where there is doubt, faith; where there unanimous consent, the reading of the is despair, hope; where there is darkness, Journal of the proceedings of Monday, Almighty and Eternal God, we humbly light; and where there is sickness, joy. February 8, 1960, was dispensed with. ask Thy blessing in a threefold way. 0 divine Master, grant that I may not We ask Thee to bless this earth of ours so much seek to be consoled as to con­ and its peoples. Give us the realization sole; to be understood as to understand; MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT of the brotherhood of mankind under to be loved as to love; for it is in giving Messages in writing from the President Thy divine fatherhood. Give to this that we receive; it is in pardoning that of the United States were communicated world of ours the peace based on Thy we are pardoned; and it is in dying that to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his law, and thus a lasting one. we are born to eternal life.'' secretaries. We ask Thee to bless this Nation of Amen. ours, so dearly beloved. Give unto her and her people continued prosperity and THE WHEAT PROBLEM-MESSAGE peace. Grant that they may always use, DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI­ FROM THE PRESIDENT (H. DOC. in a wise and generous way, the gifts DENT PRO TEMPORE NO. 330) Thou hast lavished upon them, helping The legislative clerk read the follow­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the their less fortunate brothers in other ing letter: President of the United States has to­ lands. Grant also that she may ever re­ u.s. SENATE, day transmitted to Congress a message main a shining light of hope to a world PREsiDENT PRO TEMPORE, Washington, D.C., February g, 1960. dealing with the wheat situation. I am in darkness. To the Senate: informed that the message has been read Finally, we ask Thee to bless those in Being temporarily ·absent from the Sen­ in the House. I therefore ask unani­ . authority, especially those present here. ate, I appoint Hon. ALBERT GoRE, a Senator mous consent that the message may be