Index

‘Aca-Fan’,41 ‘Avatar’,62–63, 102–103, 138 interviews, 64–71 Academic theory, 24, 59–60 Babylon 5, 31–32 Actor–Network Theory (ANT), 54, Bateman, Nathan (CEO of fictional 130–131 Google stand-in Aesthetics’, 20, 21–22 ‘Bluebook’), 108 ‘Affinity Chart’, 117 Battle for the Mind, The (LaHaye), 12 African-American civil rights Battlestar Galactica,31–32, 44–45 movement, 10 Being Human, 136 Agency, 51–52 ‘Belonging’,28 Agents in matrix, 52–55 ‘Bioconservatives’,4,20–21 Alien: Covenant, 135 Bionic technology, 20 ‘Alienation’,37–38 Bionis, 74, 76–77 ‘Alluring’ technology, 89 Biopolitics, 53 Alvis, 74, 96–97, 100, 114 ‘Biopower’, 53, 115–116 Amazing Stories (Gernsback), 31 ‘Black SF’,39 Androids, 36–38 Blade Runner (film), 7, 15–16, 15, Annihilation,3 36–37, 63–64, 110–111 Antebellum antislavery materialism, 40 Body, 48–55, 73 Anthropocene, 4, 13–17 changing body, 48–51 ‘Anthropocentrism’, 4, 130–131 EX_MACHINA,83–88 ‘Antihumanist’,15–16 interviews/discussion, 88–92 Antiquity, 18–19 ,73–79 Antiracism, 40 ,79–83 ‘Apocalypse’,33–34 Brave New World (Huxley), 20–21 ‘Apocalyptic character’,16 Builders of the Legacy After the Apocrypha, 114–115 Destruction of Earth ‘Artificial evolution’,18–19 (ENG)/Beyond the Logos Artificial intelligence (AI), 2–3, 34, 36, Artificial Destiny 50–51, 59, 84, 87, 95, Emancipator (BLADE), 103–104, 114, 119–123, 101–103 130 Artificial Life, 50–51, 74–75 Caleb, 7, 83–84, 87, 108, 119–120, Astounding Stories (Clayton), 31 120–123 Atheism, 14 Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare ‘Atheists’,11 (), 61 Ava (robot), 6–7, 63, 84–86, 106–107, Campus Freethought Alliance, 12 107–108, 119, 122–123 Capitalism, 7–8, 10, 12–13, 53, 126 Avatar (film), 40 Capitalist modernity, 16 154 Index

Cartoon/Fantasy Organization DOOM (games), 44 (C/FO), 43 Drones, 54, 75 ‘Change agents’,11 Dynamic fans, 45–47 Civilisation (video game series), 27–28 ‘Dystopian’,20–21, 39–40, 124–125 Classical humanism, 3–4, 9–13 ‘Collaborative storytelling’,25 Eclipse Phase (game), 29, 61 ‘Comic Village’, 136 Ectogenesis, 19 Comic-Con, 47 Egalitarianism, 12–13 interviews, 64–71 Egil, 75–76, 77–78, 114–115 ‘Common sense’,64–65 ‘Empowered’ humans, 30 Communism, 11, 17 ‘Enhanced humans’,92 ‘Communists’,11–12 Epic of Gilgamesh,18–19 Conlan, John (law review), 12 ‘Erodes’ human values, 15–16 ‘Consistent medium’,23 Eskelinen’s theory, 59–60 Conventional disability, 28 ‘Estrangement’,37–38 ‘Convergence’,44 ‘Ethnocentrism’, 124–125 ‘Crakers’,58–59 ‘Ethnomethodology’,6 ‘Creatures’,5 Eugenics, 4, 19, 53 ‘Crossplay’,43 ‘Euphraxsophy’,48 ‘Cultural antecedents’ of ‘Even WALL-E’,15–16 transhumanism, 18–19 Everquest (online game), 44–45, 61 ‘Cultural appropriation’,41 Evolutionary theory, 11–12 ‘Culture ’,12 EX_MACHINA (film), 3, 6–8, 63–64 ‘’,24–25 body, 83–88 Cyberfeminism, 49–50 identity, 106–109 ‘Cyberpunk’, 111 power, 119–123 Cyborg, 20, 36–38, 51–52, 75, 130 eXistenZ (film), 38 fantasies, 52 ‘Experiential gap’,45 theory, 49 ‘Extended anthropocene’, 139 ‘Extreme disciplines’,15 ‘Deception’,13–14 ‘Extropia’,48 ‘Defamiliarisation’,37–38 Democracy of Objects, The (Bryan), 22 Face-to-face interviews, 6 Detroit: Become Human, 139 ‘Fairness’,14 Deus Ex series, 29–30, 60–61, 63–64, ‘Fan culture’,60 89–90, 109–110, 132–133 Fan studies Deus Ex: Invisible War, 133 conventions and fan societies, 47–48 Digital devices, 14 fan interviews, 67–71 Digital Materialism (Gottlieb), 13–14, of fan studies and ‘Aca-Fan’,41 14, 54 games and gamers, 43–45 Do Androids Dream/Blade Runner, Japan’s cultural exports, 42–43 110–111 literature, 41–48 Doctor Who, 135, 136 methodology, 64–71 ‘Domination’,17 Index 155

online communities and dynamic Global Fandom, 41–48 fans, 45–47 conventions and fan societies, 47–48 ‘Fan-subbers’,43 of fan studies and ‘Aca-Fan’,41 Fandom Wank,45–46, 65 games and gamers, 43–45 ‘Fandom’,1,27–28, 64 Japan’s cultural exports, 42–43 ‘Fanfiction’, 42, 66 online communities and dynamic Fantastic Voyage,32 fans, 45–47 Farscape (TV series), 31–32, 57–59 Global Nemesis’, 105 Fast Company,27 ‘Gold face’. See Yaldabaoth Feminism, 17 ‘Golem’,37 Film theory, 9 Google, 36 VII (game), 29–30 Graphic novels, 15–16 Final Fantasy XIII (game), 30 ‘Grassroots participatory culture’, 47, Foucault’s theory, 53 65–66 ‘Fragile identity’,57 ‘Fragmented storytelling’,59 ‘Hacking’,44 Frankenstein,35–36, 87, 107–108 Hatsune Miku’ (Japanese pop idol), Free-flowing dialogue-based 22–23 interviews, 66 Her (film), 22–23 ‘Free-thought movements’,12 Heretical theory, 11–12 ‘Freethinkers’,12 Holocene era, 15 Homo sapiens,40 ‘Galahad Fortress’,76 Homosexuality, 11–12 Game ‘Homs’,74–75 design, 25–26 ‘Horror’,37–38, 74–75, 99 manual, 23–30 Human, 20, 40 technology, 1 immortality, 15 Game Studies,26 journey, 13 Gameplay, 2 shape in robots, 131 ‘Gamer girl’,29 ‘Human ideal’,4 GamerGate, 46 ‘Humanism’,1,4,9,12–13 Gamers, 43–45 Humanist Manifesto II, The,12 Games, 43–45 Humanitarianism, 10 Gaming, 24–25 Humanity, 1, 4, 9, 15 Gattaca (films), 15–16, 36 losing ‘humanity’,13–17 ‘Geek culture’, 64, 65–66 Hunger Games, The,35–36 Gender and video games, 28–29 Genetic engineering, 19 ICTs, 38 G’enetic genocide’,21 Identity, 5, 48–55, 95, 123 Genetic modification, 6–7, 51, 130 EX_MACHINA, 106–109 Geraci’s theory, 30 human–identity and trans/ Ghost in the Shell (series), 7, 22–23, 90, posthuman, 51–52 109–110, 135 interviews/discussions, 109–111 ‘Glitches’,5–6, 30, 44, 61 Xenoblade Chronicles,95–100 156 Index

Xenoblade Chronicles X, 101–106 Marxism, 17 ‘Image’,14 Mass Effect,60–61 ‘Immense technophobia’,15–16 Mass Effect 2 (game), 30 ‘Immortality’,33–34 Massively Multiplayer Online Role In My Language,28 Playing Game (MMORPG), In vitro fertilisation, 36 45, 61 Informe Tunguska,16 Materialist theory, 22 Interactive medium, 23 Matrix, The,37–38 ‘Interactivity’, 132 Mechanical identities, 109–111 Interpretive framework, 3 Mechon, 75, 114 Invisible Man, The,32–33 Mechonis, 74, 77–78 Media, 5 Jessica Jones series, 139 Media exposure and potential for future, 129–134 ‘Klaus’,74 Media studies methodology ‘Komike’,42–43, 136 fan studies methodology, 64–71 Kyoko, 123 SF methodology, 57–59 video game methodologies, 59–61 La possibilited´ ’une ˆıle,17 ‘Medium awareness’,66 Language, 13–14, 58–59 ‘Mental prosthetic’,50–51 Law and Order: SVU ‘Message boards’ online, 5–6 (TV programmes), 45 Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, 134 Law review, 12 ,29–30 ‘Levelling up’ concept, 29–30 Metropolis, 34, 38, 78 Liberal humanism, 3–4, 9–13 Meyneth, 74, 98 ‘Liberal values’,3–4 ‘Mimeosomes’,6–7 Life (magazine), 36 ,26–27 Lifehold, 101, 117–118 ‘Modding’,44 ‘Lifespan’,52 Modern mobile phones, 14 Like-minded approach, 30 Modern transhuman, 20–22 Los Angeles (LA), 15, 81 ‘Monado’, 114 ‘Loss of humanity’,13–17 ‘Multidirectional feedback loops’, Ludology, 2, 24–25, 26 44–45 game design, 25–26 Ludus games, 25–26, 117 ‘Narrative’,25 Luke Cage series, 139 Narratology, 2, 24–25 game design, 25–26 ‘Machina’,74–75 ‘Narrow-minded positivism’,18–19 ‘Mad scientist’ character, 108 National Nanotechnology Initiative, MaddAddams, 35, 58–59, 84 32 Manifesto for Cyborgs,53 ‘Neo-eugenics’,21 (game), 25–26 Neo-fascism, 53 Marvel Cinematic Universe, 135 ‘Neoliberal’, 108 Marvel superhero films, 139 Neon Genesis Evangelion, 135 Index 157

Nerd’ ethnography, 64–71 Xenoblade Chronicles, 113–117 Netflix series, 139 Xenoblade Chronicles X, 117–119 Netrunner, 111 ‘Progressive politics’ of sci-fi,15–16 Nevermind,27 ‘Projection of humans’,54 ‘New Humanisms’,14 Prometheus,35–36 New materialism, 22–23 Protestant cultural values, 11–12 ‘Nihilist’,30 Psychology, 27 Non-Homo sapiens,40 Non-player characters (NPCs), Race theory, 40 115–117 Racism, 10, 124–125 Nonacademic multidisciplinary Red Dwarf, 136 approach, 33 Reddit communities, 46 ‘Nonhuman’,40 Religious ideas in video games, 30 ‘Remediated’ games, 59–60 One Piece, 135 ‘Renaissance humanism’,3–4, 9 Online communities, 45–47 Role-Playing Game (RPG), 61, 78, Online multiplayer games, 25 103–104, 115, 117 Onomatopoeia, 13–14 Operation Flashpoint (OFP), 44 Sci-Fi (SF), 31 ‘Ordered space’,30 Cyborgs, Androids and other ‘Origin of Species,32–33 fantastic technology, 36–38 Outright capitalism, 12–13 ethics and SF vs. real science, 35–36 ‘Overdrive’, 119 formats, 31–32 Overwatch (game), 134 influence, 32–34 ‘Ownership’,17 literature, 31–41 screen media, 1, 23 Paidea games, 25–26, 117 themes, 34–35 ‘Participant observer’,41 transhuman future, race and ‘other’, Phone’ interviews, 6 39–41 Planet of the Apes,15 Science Fiction (SF), 57, 97, 129–134 Planeta Extra and La burbuja de methodology, 57–59 Bertold,16 ‘Science-scepticism’,36 Pollen (novel), 58–59 Screen media, 1, 57, 130 Posthuman, 1, 4, 20 Secular communities, 58 Posthuman agency and power, 52–55 Secular humanism, 3–4, 9–13, 11–12 ‘Posthuman nostalgia’,17 ‘Secular humanist’,3–4, 11–12 Posthumanism, 1–4, 17–18, 40 ‘Selfhood’,28 Posthumanism and the Graphic Novel in Selfish Gene, The,54 Latin America (Page and ‘Semiotics’, 26, 132 King), 15–16 Sexism, 10, 124–125 Power, 48–55, 113 ‘Sexualisation’,60 agents in matrix, 52–55 Sexuality, 42 EX_MACHINA, 119–123 Shared Fate, A,22 interviews/discussion, 123–126 ‘Simiotics’,26 158 Index

‘Simulation’,26 ‘The Fappening’,46 Singularity theory, 19–20 ‘Theosis’,12 Skells, 118–119 Time Machine, The,32–33, 39–40 Skill points (SPs), 116 Tlon, Uqbar, Orbus Tertius (story), ‘Skill Tree’ system, 103 29–30 Small cinematics, 24–25 Trans/posthuman theory, 4, 17–23 Social contractual utilitarianism, 12–13 constructing ‘posthuman’,18–20 Social humanism, 9–13 Ghost in the Shell,22–23 ‘Social interaction’,60 human–identity and, 51–52 ‘Social justice’,14 modern transhuman, 20–22 ‘Social practice’,27–28 SF and, 34–35 ‘Social’ humanism, 3–4, 11 Trans/posthumanism, 95 Socialism, 12–13, 17 Transcendence, 1, 30 South Park (TV programmes), 45 ‘Transcendent’,29 Space Odyssey (Kubrick), 35 ‘Transformations’, 5, 123 ‘Space operas’,31–32 ‘Transgender’,29 Spider-Man: Homecoming, 135 ‘Transgressive’,29 Star Trek (series), 4–5, 10, 64–65, 134, Transhuman, 4–5, 19–20 136 future, race and ‘other’,39–41 fandom, 47–48 themes, 130 Star Wars,4–5, 31, 38–39, 134, 136 video games and, 29–30 Stargate SG-1, 31–32 Transhumanism, 1–4, 17–18, 20–21, ‘Static knowledge’,14 48, 60–61, 88, 126 ‘Steampunk’, 111 limitations and further research, Stitch’n’Bitch’ phenomenon, 50 134–137 Storytelling, 2 media exposure and potential for ‘Strangeness’,38 future, 129–134 ‘Suspension of disbelief’,33 Transhumanist FAQ,18–19 Sword Valley, 75–76 ‘Transhumanity’,29 ‘Transmedia commercial culture’, 47, Tablets, 14 65–66 Taiwanese fan culture, 42–43 ‘Transmedia’ theory, 46–47 Techno-anxiety, 74–75, 130 ‘Transpositions’,17 Technological determinism, 53 Trekkies’ of Star Trek,44–45 Technology, 14, 51, 130–131 ‘Tunguska Event’,16 changed humanity, 14 Turing test, 63 ‘Technophilia’,40 Twilight series, 46–47 ‘Tele-odyssey’,31–32, 57, 104 , 105–106 ‘Telethia’, 113–114 ‘Twofold’ strategy, 3 ‘Televisual consciousness’,31–32 Tyler, Jose´ (Hispanic character), 10 Terminator (film), 37 ‘Tyrants’, 119 Textual analysis, 58–59 The Big Bang Theory Ubermensch,35 (TV programmes), 45 Ubermensch¨ ’ theory, 49 Index 159

Ubik,36–37 U system, 62–63 ‘User-generated’ content, 44–47 Wolfenstein 3D (games), 44 ‘Utopia’,48 Wondrous Body, 88–92 Words, 13–14 Verfremdung,37–38 World of Warcraft, 29, 61, 61 Video games, 2–5, 9, 57, 60–61 case studies, 61–64 X-Files, The, 32, 57 games in real life, 26–28 Xenoblade, 133 gender and video games, 28–29 Xenoblade Chronicles,3,6–8, 62 literature, 23–30 body, 73–79 ludology and narratology, 24–26 identity, 95–100 media, 1, 23 power, 113–117 methodologies, 59–61 Xenoblade Chronicles (games), 3 new medium, 23–24 (games), 3 storytelling, 24–25 Xenoblade Chronicles X (games), 3, video game-based methodologies, 6–8, 62–63, 71 5–6 body, 79–83 video games and transhuman, identity, 101–106 29–30 power, 117–119 Villains, 118–119 Xenoblade X,64 Violence, 23, 60 Virtual reality (VR), 27, 133, 137 Yaldabaoth. See Egil Virtual worlds, 29–30, 115–116 YouTube, 46–47, 66 Visual media, 2–3, 136 Zanza, 7–8, 74, 76, 96–97 Warhammer 40, 000 series, 136 Whitehead, John W. (law review), 12