Maas in Europe: Lessons from the Helsinki, Vienna and Hanover Experiments
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MaaS in Europe: Lessons from the Helsinki, Vienna and Hanover experiments Full Study Report - December 2019 This document was produced by Cerema as part of the 2019 benchmarking campaign organized by Cerema's Science and Technology and European and International Affairs Department (DSTREI). This document is a collective production by Cerema under the coordination of David Dubois. The publication was produced by Alicia Aliaga, Géraldine Bonnet, David Dubois, Emmanuel Delamarre, Laurent Chevereau and Cécile Clément-Werny. It was based on visits to the cities of Vienna (Austria), Hanover (Germany), Helsinki and Turku (Finland), and interviews with MaaS stakeholders. These visits and interviews took place between June and September 2019. Cerema would like to thank all those who agreed to provide the necessary information for the production of this document: • Patricia Actun (Cantamen, Germany) • Klaus Bamberger (Wiener Linien, Austria) • Reinhard Birke (Upstream Mobility, Austria) • Martin Boehm (AustriaTech, Austria) • Fabien Dorner (Vienna University of Technology – TU Wien, Austria) • Jenni Eckhard (VTT, Finland) • Laura Eiro (ITS Finland, Finland) • Dirk Esters (Hacon, Germany) • Hans Fiby (ITS Vienna Region, Austria) • Noora Haavisto (Kyyti, Finland) • Klaus Heimbuchner (ITS Vienna Region, Austria) • Heidi Heinonen (Forum Virium, Finland) • Krista Huhtala-Jenks (MaaS Global, Finland) • Claudia Kempka (Cantamen, Germany) • Michael Kieslinger (Fluidtime, Austria) • Christoph Kirchberger (Vienna University of Technology – TU Wien, Austria) • Juho Kostiainen (City of Helsinki, Finland) • Michael Lichtenegger (Upstream Mobility, Austria) • Vlad Marica (Fluidtime, Austria) • Michel A. Mont Rabet (Kyyti, Finland) • Pekka Niskanen (Kyyti, Finland) • Topias Pihlava (City of Turku, Finland) • Saara Reinimaki (LVM, Finland) • Martin Röhrleef (Üstra, Germany) • Martin Russ (AustriaTech, Austria) • Sami Sahala (Forum Virium, Finland) • Gregor Stratil-Sauer (City of Vienna, Austria) • Jemina Uusitalo (HSL, Finland) • Thomas Vith (City of Vienna, Austria) 2 MaaS in Europe: Lessons from the Helsinki, Vienna and Hanover experiments Table of contents MaaS: what are we talking about? .......................................................................................................... 4 Variable levels of integration behind the MaaS concept ............................................................................... 4 Numerous expected benefits for a targeted clientele ................................................................................... 5 MaaS in practice: analysis of offers in Helsinki, Vienna and Hanover ........................................................... 6 Setting up a MaaS: what lessons have been learned? .............................................................................. 8 Contrasting governance principles ................................................................................................................ 8 A difficult economic balance to achieve ...................................................................................................... 11 Case-by-case integration of mobility services ............................................................................................. 12 Current MaaS services: niche markets ........................................................................................................ 12 Results to be consolidated in terms of changing mobility practices ........................................................... 13 Conclusion and outlook ........................................................................................................................ 14 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................... 15 Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Helsinki and Turku (Finland) ................................................................................................................. 17 MaaS in Finland: a favourable context ........................................................................................................ 17 Helsinki: a global showcase for MaaS .......................................................................................................... 18 Turku: a pioneering urban area for MaaS .................................................................................................... 31 Lessons learned ........................................................................................................................................... 33 Vienna (Austria) ................................................................................................................................... 35 Mobility in Vienna ....................................................................................................................................... 35 The developing the WienMobil system ....................................................................................................... 38 The MaaS platform is central to the Viennese system ................................................................................ 43 A limited assessment, but one that shows more virtuous practices ........................................................... 46 Lessons learned ........................................................................................................................................... 47 Hanover (Germany) .............................................................................................................................. 49 Mobility in Hanover ..................................................................................................................................... 49 The Hanover MaaS and its platform, Mobilitätsshop .................................................................................. 53 Lessons learned ........................................................................................................................................... 57 MaaS in Europe: Lessons from the Helsinki, Vienna and Hanover experiments 3 MaaS in Europe: lessons from the Helsinki, Vienna and Hanover experiments Often presented as a tool to revolutionise the use of mobility services, Mobility as a Service (MaaS) refe rs to a digital service that allows travellers to access a wide range of collective, shared or private transport services, in a given area. Many MaaS systems are developing in large urban areas. Based on a smartphone application, they provide travellers wi th more personalized and easily accessible mobility services. However, the concept of MaaS reflects very different realities from one urban area to another. This paper offers insights into the design, implementation and effects of MaaS services based on th e experiences of three pioneering cities in Europe: Helsinki (Whim), Vienna (WienMobil) and Hanover (Mobilitätsshop). Location of MaaS examples analysed (Cerema map) MaaS: what are we talking about? Variable levels of integration behind the MaaS concept The principle of MaaS is to integrate different transport services into the same mobility offer. However, the concept is still a recent one, and there is no unanimous definition. As most commonly understood, it is considered to be an integrated system providing information, reservation, purchase and validation of tickets for the widest possible range of mobility services. This is done through a single account where passengers define their profile and preferences and manage their purchases and payments for all means of transport. 4 MaaS in Europe: Lessons from the Helsinki, Vienna and Hanover experiments From the standpoint of the user, the level of integration of different mobility services varies from one MaaS to another. A typology of MaaS services (Sochor et al, 2018 1) distinguishes 4 levels, depending on the degree of integration: • The minimum level (level 1) concerns the integration of information: the system is in this case a multimodal route planner providing fare information. • The intermediate levels also allow passengers to purchase and validate their tickets, either individually (level 2), by subscription or in the form of packages giving rights to access different mobility services (level 3). The three MaaS systems in Vienna, Hanover and Helsinki are at these intermediate levels. • Finally, in the most integrated systems (level 4), MaaS takes into account societal objectives, such as encouraging the use of the most virtuous means of transport. Level of integration from the passenger's point of Examples of MaaS view Taking societal objectives into account (by 4 public policies, incentives, etc.) Integration of information, booking and 3 payment (subscriptions, packages, etc.) Integration of information, booking and 2 payment (single trips) Integration of information only (multi -modal 1 planner) Tramway in Helsinki (photo: Cerema) Typology of MaaS service and positioning of services that have been benchmarked (after Sochor et al, 2018) Towards rural MaaS? MaaS services generally cover large urban areas. But in Finland, several pilot projects are aiming to develop MaaS services in rural areas. Unlike urban MaaS systems, these projects include one or more actions directly related to the mobility offer, rangin g from optimising or decompartmentalising existing mobility offers to creating