A N N A L E S Z O O L O G I C I (Warszawa), 2006, 56(3): 567-573

SALTICIDAE (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) FROM ORIENTAL, AUSTRALIAN AND PACIFIC REGIONS. XIX. PELLENES SIMON, 1876 IN

MAREK ŻABKA

Katedra Zoologii AP, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.— The genus Pellenes is newly recorded from Australia. Its relationships are discussed and diagnostic drawings, redescription and distributional data for Pellenes bitaeniata (Keyserling, 1882), the only known Australian representative of the genus, are given.

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Key words.— Salticidae, Australia, genus Pellenes.

INTRODUCTION grouping has largely been supported by Griswold (1987) and Maddison and Hedin (2003), the latter on Although over 60 salticid genera have been record- the basis of molecular data. The most recent and com- ed in Australia (Richardson and Żabka 2003), the list is plete definition of the genus and remarks on its rela- far from being complete. Some widely distributed and tionships and distribution were given by Logunov et al. Oriental genera are still being discovered (Żabka, (1999). unpubl.), others are to be described as new for science. Morphological characters suggest that Pellenes The genus Pellenes consists of about 80 nominal brevis Simon, 1868 from , , and species (Prószyński 2003) recorded in the Holoarctic, and P. epularis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, Afrotropical and Oriental regions, with a few centres of 1872) from and Middle Asia are the closest rela- speciation (distribution) located mostly in the Mediter- tives of P. bitaeniata (Keys.). This is rather surprising ranean and Central Asia (Andreeva 1976, Logunov et given the distant geographical ranges of the three spe- al. 1999, Metzner 1999, Alicata and Cantarella 2000, cies. However, due to uniformity of genitalic and other Cantarella and Alicata 2002). Despite the presence of somatic features, molecular data is required to make suitable climatic and habitat conditions, the finding of the judgment on Pellenes relationships possible and Pellenes in Australia has been a surprise due to the reliable. distant location of the continent, separate evolution of its fauna and biota and barriers of tropical rainforests covering potential SE Asian-New Guinean migration/ MATERIAL AND METHODS dispersal routes. The research on Pellenes relationships has been The material was collected during long-lasting. Simon (1903) included the genus in an surveys conducted by the Museum (Bris- Aelurilleae subfamily/group comprising nine genera, bane), the Australian Museum (Sydney) and the West- with only Neaetha being related. Also Pelleninae ern Australian Museum (Perth). The type material was sensu Petrunkevitch (1928) consisted of a number provided by the Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches of only distantly related genera. In Pelleninae sensu Museum der Universität Hamburg. Methods of speci- Prószyński (1976) Pellenes was placed together with men examination are as described earlier (Żabka Bianor, Maevia, Neaetha and Habronatus and this 1991a). 568 M. ŻABKA

Abbreviations used: on Tullamore Rd, Acacia pendula patch, 32°30’51”S, AEW – anterior eyes width, 148°6’36”E, pit traps, 21 Nov.–11 Dec. 1999, L. Wilkie, AL – abdomen length, R. Harris, T. Moulds, AMS KS74184; 1M, Gidginbilla AMS – Australian Museum, Sydney, Station, off Castlereigh Hway at Combogolong Bridge, CH – cephalothorax hight, 30°25’36”S, 148°12’18”E, pit trap, 24 Nov.–14 Dec. 1999, CL – cephalothorax length, L. Wilkie, J. Tarnawski, H. Doherty, H. Smith, AMS CW – cephalothorax width, KS74185; 1M, 1.7 km N of Castleragh Hway from jnct w. EFL – eye field length, Gwydir Hway, 29°53’54”S, 148°9’56”E, pit trap, 23 L – leg lengths, Nov.–13 Dec 1999, F. Christie, P. Flemons, M. Elliott, m – metatarsal spines, AMS KS74186; 13M, 1F, Sturt NP, sites 77-1, 80-1, 90-3, PEW – posterior eyes width, 29°16’56”S, 142°9’18”E, 29°16’56”S, 142°9’19”E, pitfall p – prolateral spines, trap, rolling downs, 25 Sept. 1997, M. Dangerfield, r – retrolateral spines, A. Pik, M. Henery, A. Holmes, R. Harris, AMS KS79384, QMB – Queensland Museum, Brisbane; KS79400, KS79422, KS79425, KS79461, KS79474, t – tibial spines, KS79480, KS79488, KS79495-6, KS79534, KS79537; WAMP – Western Australian Museum, Perth. 3M, Pilliga region, ‘Womba‘, ’Edenmore‘, ’Caree‘, 30°25’34”S, 148°41’46”E, 30°16’41”S, 148°48’32”E, Collections studied: 30°26’42”S, 148°37’8”E, poplar box woodland, pitfall AMS – Australian Museum, Sydney; traps, Feb. 2001, I. Oliver, AMS KS79946-8. Western QMB – Queensland Museum, Brisbane; Australia: 1M, 1F, Mitchell Plateau, Mining Camp, WAMP – Western Australian Museum, Perth. 14°49’S, 125°50’E, Yellow pan, 9–19 May 1983, I. D. Nau- mann, J. C. Cardale, AMS KS64908; 1M, Bendering East A predicted distribution map was generated on the Reserve Road, site KN10, 32°23’57”S, 118°23’12”E, wet basis of the species’ bioclimatic envelope, using the pitfalls 2, 4–6, 8, CALM survey, 30 Oct. 1997–19 May boxcar version of BIOCLIM (Richardson et al., 2006) 1998, P. Van Heurck, WAMP T47852; 1M, Pintharuka available in BioLink (version 2.0; Shattuck and Nat. Res., site MO5, 29°06’00”S, 115°59’35”E, wet Fitzsimmons 2002). pitfalls, CALM survey, 15 Sept. 1998–18 Oct. 1999, N. Guthrie, WAMP T47863; 1F, Talgomine Res., south site MN 11, 31°15’24”S, 118°23’46”E, wet pitfalls 1, 7-10, CALM survey, 15 Oct. 1987–28 Apr. 1998, B. Durrant, WAMP T47866; 4M, 1F, 2 juv., Lake Moore, south site Pellenes Simon, 1876 BE 11, 30°20’09”S, 117°29’48”E, wet pitfalls, CALM sur- vey, 15 Sept. 1998–25 Oct. 1999, N. Guthrie, WAMP Pellenes Simon 1876: 90; 1903: 670; Roewer 1954: 1124; Bonnet 1958: T47856; 1F, Mullewa-Geraldton Road, site ML 12, wet 3456; Petrunkevitch 1928: 200; Prószyński 1971: 447, 1976: 16, pitfalls 1–4, 6, CALM survey, 28°37’17”S, 115°21’34”E, 2003: “http://www.miiz.waw.pl/salticid/main.htm”; Logunov et al. 1999: 91; Platnick 2005: “http://research.amnh.org/entomology/ 15. Sept. 1997–31 Mar. 1998, B. Durrant, WAMP /catalog/SALTICIDAE.html”. T47859; 2M, Woodstock Stn., sites WS1, WS2, 21°37’01”S, 118°57’13”E, 21°36’34”S, 118°58’28”E, wet Type species. Aranea tripunctata Walckenaer, pit traps, 23–30 Sept. 1988, J. Dell et al., WAMP 1802, subsequently designated by Simon (1876). T47831, T47833; 2M, Weelhamby Lake, West site MO 11, CALM survey, 29°11’24”S, 116°27’08”E, wet pitfalls, 1–5, 15 Oct. 1988–2 Apr. 1999, P. Van Heurck, WAMP Pellenes bitaeniata (Keyserling, 1882) comb. nov. T47867; 1M, Morawa-Perenjori Road, site MO4, CALM survey, 29°13’56”S, 116°04’05”E, wet pitfalls, 15 Sept. Habrocestum bitaeniatum Keyserling 1882: 1405; Rainbow 1911: 1998–18 Oct. 1999, N. A. Guthrie, WAMP T47858; 296; Roewer 1954: 1119; Bonnet 1957: 2064; Prószyński 1971: 410, 2002; Żabka 1991b: 91; Richardson and Żabka 2003: “http:// 1M, Askew Road, c. 15 km SE of Beacon, site BE 6, www.deh.gov.au/cgi-bin/abrs/fauna/details.pl?pstrVol=ARANEO CALM survey, 30°35’46”S, 117°54’28”E, wet pitfalls 1–5, MORPHAE;pstrTaxa=937;pstrChecklistMode=1”. 15 Sept. 1998–8 Apr., 25 Oct. 1999, L. King, WAMP T47851; 1M, 67 km N Coral Bay turn, Exmouth Road, Type material. Queensland: 1M holotype, Peak litter under tree, 14 May 1990, A. F. Longbottom, WAMP Downs, Mus. Godeffroy Nr. 7805, ZMH. T44855; 1M, Little Sandy Desert, 2.8 km SSW of Cooma Other material. Queensland: 1F, ‘Merigol‘ site 3, Well, site LSD-C4-F2, 24°06’18”S, 120°19’38”E, wet pit- mulga, 26°27’3”S, 145°49’2”E, pitfall trap #4, 10843, falls, April 1997, S. van Leeuwen, WAMP T47886; 1M, Apr. 2001, T. Beutel, QMB S66705; 1M, Thylungra, site: 1F, 3 juv., Little Sandy Desert, 23.3 km ESE of Burran- Open 2, pits 14–22, T. Churchill, QMB S60669. New bar Pool on Savory Ck., site LSD-S1-F2, 23°52’58”S, South Wales: 1M, 17 km S of Narromine city limit sign 120°38’40”E, wet pitfalls, Aug, 1997, S. van Leeuwen, XIX. GENUS PELLENES SIMON, 1876 IN AUSTRALIA 569

B. Bromilow, WAMP T47883; 1M, 3F, 1 juv., Little S. Slack-Smith, WAMP T47828; 1F, Mallina Stn., E de- Sandy Desert, 10.8 km NNE of Kulonoski East Well, site posits, N corner of ’Tanganyika Gold‘ Lease, M47/36, LSD-B1-F1, 24°35’19”S, 120°15’39”E, wet pitfalls, Aug. 20°46’S, 117°47’E, 1 June 2000, S. Slack-Smith, WAMP 1997, S. van Leeuwen, B. Bromilow, WAMP T47888; T47830; 1F, Charnley River, 2 km SW Rolly Hill, CALM 1M, Little Sandy Desert, 23.1 km ESE of Burranbar survey, site 25/2, 16°22’S, 125°12’E, WAMP T47825; Pool, site LSD-S1-F1, 23°52’58”S, 120°38’34”E, wet pit- 1M, Oakajee Nat. Res., site NO1, CALM survey, falls, April 1997, S van Leeuwen, B. Bromilow, WAMP 28°34’11”S, 114°38’30”E, wet pitfalls, 15 Sept. 1998–18 T47882; 5M, 1 juv., Little Sandy Desert, 15.2 km NE of Oct. 1999, N. A. Guthrie, WAMP 47861; 1F, Barlee Kulonoski East Well, site LSD-B2F1, 24°34’29”S, Range Nat. Res., Quadrat 5, 23°24’41”S, 115°53’39”E, 120°18’30”E, wet pitfalls, Aug. 1997. S van Leeuwen, wet pitfalls, Sept. 1995, S. van Leeuwen, B. Bromilow, B. Bromilow, WAMP T47887; 3M, Barlee Range WAMP T47823; 1M, Mallina Stn., E deposits nr N corner Nat. Res., Quadrat 1, 5, 8, 23°24’41”S, 115°53’39”E, of “Tanganyika Gold” Lease, M47/36, Stn WC 00.5/3, ca. 23°22’31”S, 115°52’57”E, 23°02’39”S, 115°48’44”E, wet 20°46’S, 117°47’E, 1 June 2000, S. Slack-Smith, WAMP pitfalls, Aug. 1993, June 1994, S. van Leeuwen, B. Bro- T47829; 2M, Alexander Morrison NP, west, CALM sur- milow, WAMP T47821-2; 1M, Woodstock Stn., site WS2, vey, site DN 11, 30°01’47”S, 115°33’18”E, wet pitfalls, 21°36’42”S, 118°57’20”E, wet pits, 23–30 Sept. 1988, 15 Oct. 1999–1 Nov., P. Van Heurck et al., WAMP J. Dell et al., WAMP T47832; 1M, Shackleton Road, SE T47850; 1M, Pinjarrega Nature Res., south site DN of Kellerberrin, site KL1, 31°54’39”S, 117°50’15”E, wet 6, CALM survey, 30°03’42”S, 115°55’17”E, wet pit- pitfalls 7–10, CALM survey, 30 Oct. 1997–22 May 1998, falls, 15 Oct. 1999–1 Nov. 2000, P. Van Heurck et al., P. Van Heurck, G. Guthrie, WAMP T47865; 1F, NW cor- WAMP T47862; 7M, 2F, 3 juv., Little Sandy Desert, ner of Mallina Stn., E of Balla Balla Ck., ’Tanganyika Cooma Well, site LSD-C3-F1, LSD-C3-F2, 24°04’48”S, Gold‘ Lease, M47/360, 20°45’5”S, 117°46’E, 30 May 2000, 120°20’18”E, 24°04’46”S, 120°20’15”E, wet pitfalls, 10.8

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2 4

Figures 1–4. Male general appearance. (1) – Specimen KS74495, male frontal view; (2) – specimen T47883. Female general appearance (3) and frontal view (4); specimen T47830. 570 M. ŻABKA km NNE of Kulonoski East Well, site LSD-B1-F2, Diagnosis. Spiders 4–5 mm long, with distinctive 24°35’23”S, 120°15’41”E, Aug. 1997, S. van Leeuwen, abdominal pattern. Leg I in males rather massive, with WAMP T47884-5, 47889; 1F, Barlee Range Nat. Res., fringe of delicate hairs. Legs III the longest in both sex- Quadrat 6, 23°23’21”S, 115°53’12”E, wet pitfalls, Sept. es. Chelicerae unidentate (with single retromarginal 1995, S. van Leewen, B. Bromilow, WAMP T47824; tooth). Epigyne with central pocket, male palpal organ 1M, Reservoir Rd., SE of Kondinin, site KN 8, CALM with oval tegulum, embolus needle-shaped with com- survey, 32°32’00”S, 118°31’09”E, wet pitfalls 3–4, 6, 8–9, pound terminal apophysis (CTA – see Fig. 8). 15 Oct. 1997–19 May 2000, WAMP T47864; 1F, Moorajin Male (Figs 1–2, 5–6). Eye field flat, dark brown, sur- Soak Nat. Res., site WH 13, CALM survey, 30°45’17”S, rounded with orange area covered with white scale-like 117°14’30”E, wet pitfalls 1–5, WAMP T47857; 1F, Barlee hairs, similar hairs in the anterior part. Thoracic slope Range Nat. Res., Quadrat 1, 23°02’39”S, 115°48’44”E, distinctive, fovea located between PLE, indistinctive. wet pitfalls, Aug. 1993, S. van Leeuwen, B. Bromilow, Thorax dirty brown. Whole surface of cephalothorax WAMP T47819; 1F, Nullewa Lake, N site MO 7, CALM with dark bristles more numerous anteriorly. Abdomen survey, 29°06’35”S, 116°11’51”E, wet pitfalls, 15 Sept. dirty dark brown with light pattern as in covered with 1998–18 Oct. 1999, N. A Guthrie, WAMP T47860; 1M, dark hairs. Anterior and median spinnerets dirty 1 juv., Jibbarding Nat. Res., S site WU 10, CALM sur- orange, posterior ones brownish. Clypeus dark brown, vey, 30°00’32”S, 116°49’19”E, wet pitfalls, 15 Sept. its lower margin with a fringe of white, scale-like hairs. 1998–25 Oct 1999, N. A. Guthrie, WAMP T47854; 1M, Chelicerae dark brown, convex, with 2 prolateral and Lake Gulson Nat. Res., site HY 2, CALM survey, unidentate retrolateral tooth and with vertical rows of 32°45’57”S, 119°24’40”E, wet pitfalls 3–5, 8–9, data white, scale-like hairs as in Fig. 2. Pedipalps dark P. Van Heurck, N. Guthrie, WAMP T47855; 1M, Doogue brown, palpal organ as in Figs 8–10. Maxillae, labium Road, east, W of Mullewa, site ML 11, CALM survey, and sternum dark brown, the former with lighter tips. 28°30’12”S, 115°15’17”E, wet pitfalls, 15 Sept. 1998–18 Venter with mosaic of dirty orange and grey spots and Oct. 1999, N. A. Guthrie, WAMP T47853. patches, not distinctive. Legs I more massive than the

5

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7

Figures 5–7. Male side view. (5) – Specimen KS79495, and leg I retrolateral view; (6) – specimen T47883. Female side view; (7) – specimen 47830. XIX. GENUS PELLENES SIMON, 1876 IN AUSTRALIA 571

CTA 8 9 0.16

10 12

13

11 0.08

Figures 8–13. (8–10) Male palpal organ – specimen T47883. (11) Female epigyne; (12–13) internal genitalia. (12) Ventral; (13) dorsal. Specimen T47819. 572 M. ŻABKA others (Fig. 6). Femora brown with ventral fringe of issue of the presence of this dryland genus in Australia, delicate white and dorsal brown hairs. Other given the only pathway from the Oriental region to Aus- podomeres lighter only tibia distally darker. Patella tralia passes through rainforest. and tibia with a fringe of dark hairs. Leg I spination: t: p0-2, r1-1, m: p1-1, r1-1. Dimensions: CL 1.57, CH 0.82, EFL 0.75, AEW 1.00, PEW 1.14, AL. 1.67, L1 3.28, L2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2.10, L3 3.17, L4 2.53. Female (Figs 3–4, 7). Cephalothorax as in male. Gisela Rack (Hamburg), Graham Milledge (Sydney), Abdominal pattern as in Fig. 3. Spinnerets not distinc- Julianne Waldock (Perth), Robert Raven (Brisbane) tive, anterior brownish, median and posterior ones yel- provided material for study. Barry Richardson (Can- lowish. Clypeus brown covered with numerous white berra) kindly commented on the text and helped with scale-like hairs, some of them overhanging cheliceral map preparation. Mike Gray (Sydney), Robert Raven base (Fig. 4). Chelicerae brown, convex, with delicate (Brisbane) and Mark Harvey (Perth) were most gra- white hairs, with two single promarginal and uniden- cious and co-operative during my stay in their depart- tate retromarginal teeth. Pedipalps yellow. Maxillae ments. Barbara Baehr and Robert Raven, Christine and labium brown, the former with yellow tips. Ster- and Barry Richardson and Joseph and Peifen Koh num light brown with numerous delicate light hairs. offered wonderful hospitality during my visits to Aus- Venter dark grey with central yellowish area. Legs I tralia in 2002 and 2005. darker and more massive than the others, with quite The research was supported by the (Polish) State numerous brown and white scale-like hairs. Femora I Committee for Scientific Research (Grants 18/91/S and brown, ventrally lighter. Patellae light brown, metatat- 512/93/W). si and tarsi orange, tibiae brown. Other legs yellow, femora of legs III and IV with greyish proximal and dis- tal ends. Epigyne and its internal structures as in Figs REFERENCES 11–13. Leg I spination: t: p0-1, r1-1, m: p1-1, r1-1. Dimensions: CL 1.76, EFL 0.73, AEW 1.06, PEW 1.22, Alicata, P. and T. Cantarella. 2000. I Salticidi di Sicilia: stato CW 1.35, CH 0.83, AL. 2.18, L1 2.92, L2 2.39, L3 3.78, L4 della conoscenza e descripzione di due nuove specie 2.99. (Araneae, Salticidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologi- Distribution. The species has been recorded in ca Italiana, 78(2): 484–498. Andreeva, E. M. 1976. Pauki Tadzikistana. Dushanbe: 1–195. localities of Queelsland, New South Wales and Western Bonnet, P. 1958. Bibliographia Araneorum. Les Frères Doula- Australia (Fig. 14). Its predicted distribution (Fig. 14) doure, Toulouse, 2(4): 3027–4230. shows the species is very likely to be found throughout Cantarella, T. and P. Alicata. 2002. On the genus Pellenes central Australia, though not in the harshest desert Simon 1876 (Araneae, Salticidae): synonymies and de- regions. The predicted distribution again highlights the scription of a new Italian species. Bolletino dell’ Accade- mia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, 35: 571–581. Griswold, C. E. 1987. A revision of the jumping genus Habronattus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge (Araneae: Saltici- dae), with phenetic and cladistic analyses. University of California Publications, Entomology, 107: 1–344. Keyserling, E. 1882. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Bauer und Raspe, Nürnberg, 2: 1421–1489. 2: 1325–1420. Logunov, D. V., Marusik, Y. M. and S. Y. Rakov. 1999. A review of the genus Pellenes in the fauna of Central Asia and the (Araneae, Salticidae). Journal of Natural Histo- ry, 33: 88–148. Maddison, W. P. and M. C. Hedin. 2003. phy- logeny (Araneae: Salticidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 17: 529–549. Metzner, H. 1999. Die Springspinnen (Araneae, Salticidae) Griechenlands. Andrias 14. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Karlsruhe: 1–279. Petrunkevitch, A. 1928. Systema Aranearum. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 29: 1–270. Platnick, N. I. 2005. The World Spider Catalog, Version 6.0. Figure 14. Current (black dots) and estimated (tint of grey) distribution http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/INT of Pellenes bitaeniata (Keys.), the latter generated with BioClim RO1.html. computer simulation. Prószyński, J. 1971. Catalogue of Salticidae (Aranei) specimens XIX. GENUS PELLENES SIMON, 1876 IN AUSTRALIA 573

kept in major collections of the world. Annales Zoologici, Roewer, C. F. 1954. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, 28: 367–519. bzw. 1954. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Bel- Prószyński, J. 1976. Studium systematyczno-zoogeograficzne gique, 1751 pp. nad rodziną Salticidae (Aranei) Regionów Palearktyczne- Shattuck, S. and N. Fitzsimmons. 2002. BioLink, The Biodiver- go i Nearktycznego. Rozprawy Nr 6, Wyższa Szkoła Peda- sity Information Management System (software and docu- gogiczna, Siedlce, 260 pp. mentation). CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. Prószyński. J. 2003. Salticidae (Araneae) of the World. Simon, E. 1876. Les Arachnides de France. Librairie éncyclo- http://www.miiz.waw.pl/salticid/main.htm. pedique de Roret, Paris, Vol. 3, 1–364. Rainbow, W. J. 1911. A Census of Australian Araneidae. Re- Simon, E. 1903. Histoire naturelle des Araignées. Encyclo- cords of the Australian Museum, 9: 107–319. pédie Roret, Paris, Vol. 2(4), 669–1080. Richardson, B. J. and M. Żabka. 2003. Salticidae. In: The Aus- Żabka, M. 1991a. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of Oriental, tralian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Australian and Pacific Regions, VI. Mopsolodes, Abra- Study. http://www.deh.gov.au/cgi-bin/abrs/fauna/details. cadabrella and Pseudosynagelides – new genera from pl?pstrVol=;pstrTaxa=937;pstrChec Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30: klistMode=1. 621–644. Richardson, B. J., Żabka, M., Gray, M. R. and G. Milledge. Żabka, M. 1991b. Studium taksonomiczno-zoogeograficzne 2006. Distributional Patterns of Jumping Spiders (Ara- nad Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) Australii. Rozprawa neae: Salticidae) in Australia. Journal of Biogeography, naukowa 32, WSR-P, Siedlce, 110 pp. 33: 707–719.

Received: April 5, 2006 Accepted: June 19, 2006