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Karyological Studies of Erigeron Breviscapus and Related Species

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Karyological Studies of Erigeron Breviscapus and Related Species CARYOLOGIA Vol. 63, no. 2: 176-183, 2010 Karyological studies of Erigeron breviscapus and related species Kexian1,2 Song, Yuehua Wang1, Tingshuang Yi2 and Zhiyun Yang2* 1School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China. 2 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China. Abstract — A karyological study was carried out on 37 populations of Erigeron breviscapus across its distribu- tion region. All populations of the Erigeron breviscapus studied are diploid (2n = 2x = 18). Various chromosome morphologies were revealed, but didn’t show clear geographical pattern. Karyological studies were also fi rstly carried out on two closely related species: Erigeron multiradiatus and Erigeron multifolius, both species are dip- loid with the chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 18. Combining the available chromosome studies, the Erigeron has relatively consistent chromosome diversifi cation with a basic number of 9, and most species contain diploid individuals, which suggested Erigeron at the initial phase of polyploid diversifi cation. Key words: Asteraceae, chromosome, Erigeron, Erigeron breviscapus, karyotype. INTRODUCTION DONG 1998). A series of bioactive compounds of fl avonoids and phenoles have been extract- Erigeron L. belongs to tribe Astereae of fam- ed from this herb (GAO et al. 2007; ZHANG et ily Asteraceae. The whole genus contains 390 al. 2007; TAO et al. 2008). It has been received species with cosmopolitan distribution (MAB- wide attention in the last few decades due to its BERLEY 2008). Species of Erigeron are herbs or remarkable pharmacological effects, particular rare subshrubs, usually perennial, rarely annual in neuroprotective effects (LIU et al. 2005), an- or biennial. Thirty-fi ve Erigeron species (13 spe- ticoagulant property (WANG et al. 1992), anti- cies are endemic) are found in China, most of bacterial and antifungal activity (LIU et al. 2003). which are distributed in Xinjiang and south- At present, E. breviscapus has been widely used western China (LIN et al. 1985). Some species of to make pills and injections in China (SUN and Erigeron contain various kinds of chemical com- ZHAO 2009). More than 1000 tons of dry materi- ponents including fl avone, phytosterol, pyro- als of this species are used by medical companies catechol, amino acid and microelements (ZHANG every year in China. The tremendous demand of and ZHANG 2007), which are used to improve E. breviscapus has caused a serious reduction in microcirculation, reduce blood viscosity et al. native populations due to over-harvest. (ZHU et al. 2008 ). Erigeron multiradiatus (Wall.) Benth. is wide- Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand. - Mazz. ly distributed in alpine and subalpine meadow of is an Chinese endemic species. This species is Qinghai-Tibet plateau, India, Afghanistan, Ne- one of the most important Chinese traditional pal and Sikkim, at altitude range of 2600-4300m herb, which has been used in Tibetan medicine, (LIN et al. 1985). This plant has been used in Miao medicine, Yi medicine to treat paralyzed traditional Tibetan medicine to treat various and rheumatism pain for a long time (SHUAI and diseases such as hypopepsia, diarrhea, hepatitis, adenolymphitis, rheumatism and hemiparalysis (DIMAER 1986). Erigeron multiradiatus contains various fl avonoids that are similar to E. brevisca- pus, thus it is usually used as the substitution of *Corresponding author: phone: +86-871-5223136; fax: E. breviscapus. Erigeron multifolius Hand.- Mazz. +86-871-5150227; e-mail: [email protected] is endemic to northwestern Yunnan Province SHORT RUNNING TITLE: KARYOLOGY OF ERIGERON BREVISCAPUS AND RELATED SPECIES 177 Fig. 1 — Sampling localities of E. breviscapus, E. multiradiatus and E. multifolius. The numbers are same as those in Table 1. 178 KEXIAN, WANG, YI and YANG Fig. 2 — Mitotic metaphase of E. breviscapus (A-G), E. multiradiatus (H) and E. multifolius (I): (A) Lon- glin, Guangxi; (B) Nayong, Guizhou; (C) Baoshan, Yunnan; (D) Xiaozhongdain, Yunnan; (E) Lijiang, Yunnan; (F) Huili, Sichuan; (G) Daguan, Yunnan; H) Muli, Sichuan; (I) Deqin, Yunnan. Bar = 10 µm. and southeastern Tibet of China, which could ples. Karyological and/or chromosome studies be found in alpine and subalpine meadow and have not been carried out on E. multiradiatus forest margins, at altitude range of 2800-4100m and E. multifolius. In this study, we carried out (LIN et al. 1985). Medical usage of this species karyological studies on E. breviscapus across its was not explored. distribution region to detect geographical chro- Karyological studies have been carried out on mosome morphological variation. Chromosome E. breviscapus (FENG et al. 2002; LI et al. 2007). number and karyology were fi rstly studied on E. However, these studies include relative few sam- multiradiatus and E. multifolius. SHORT TABLE 1— Localities and vouchers of plant samples examined, with the results of chromosome analysis: karyotype formula (KF); karyotype asymmetry (KA); Arm ratio = sum of the long arms/sum of the short arms; T.C. % = sum of the long arms/total haploid length × 100%; satellite (SAT) RUNNING species Locality no. Localites and altitudes (m) Voucher 2n/basic no./ploidy level KF KA Arm ratio T.C. % Erigeron breviscapus 1 China, Yunnan, Gejiu; 2062 090070 18/9/2x 6m+4sm+8st 3A 2.29 69.59 2 China, Guangxi, Longlin; 1550 090246 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.61 61.64 TITLE 3 China, Guizhou, Ziyun; 1500 090317 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.78 64.06 4 China, Guizhou, Qingzhen; 1400 090345 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.72 63.19 : 5 China, Guizhou, Nayong; 1900 090364 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 3B 2.03 67.03 KARYOLOGY 6 China, Yunnan, Xuanwei; 2193 090381 18/9/2x 12m+6sm 2A 1.53 60.41 7 China, Yunnan, Malong; 2100 090393 18/9/2x 14m+4sm 2A 1.39 58.18 8 China, Yunnan, Dayao; 2270 090475 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.74 63.45 9 China, Yunnan, Yaoan; 2000 090491 18/9/2x 10m+4sm+4st 2B 1.85 64.96 OF 10 China, Yunnan, Xiangyun; 2090 090493 18/9/2x 14m+4sm 2A 1.53 60.47 11 China, Yunnan, Yongping; 1967 090501 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2B 1.71 63.14 ERIGERON 12 China, Yunnan, Yunlong; 2190 090513 18/9/2x 10m+6sm+2st 2A 1.78 64.01 13 China, Yunnan, Baoshan; 2030 090538 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 2A 1.93 65.87 14 China, Yunnan, Dali; 2410 090554 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 2B 1.90 65.56 BREVISCAPUS 15 China, Yunnan, Eryuan- -Liantie; 3020 090583 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.67 62.56 16 China, Yunnan, Eryuan, Niujie; 2260 090588 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 3A 1.97 66.27 17 China, Yunnan, Jianchuan; 2270 090591 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2B 1.69 62.79 18 China, Yunnan, Baoshan- -Xiaozhongdian; 2920 090597 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 2A 1.91 65.67 19 China, Yunnan, Xiaozhongdian; 3280 090624 18/9/2x 14m+4sm 2A 1.53 60.44 AND 20 China, Yunnan, Napa Sea; 3350 090648 18/9/2x 12m+6sm 2B 1.56 60.91 21 China, Yunnan, Yezhi; 1880 090712 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.63 62.01 RELATED 22 China, Yunnan, Judian; 1950 090724 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 2A 1.86 65.07 23 China, Yunnan, Shigu; 2190 090726 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2B 1.64 62.17 24 China, Yunnan, Lijiang; 2568 MJ-0879 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 3A 1.87 65.20 SPECIES 25 China, Yunnan, Yongsheng; 2155 090739 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 2A 1.78 64.05 26 China, Yunnan, Ninglang; 2580 090750 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.70 62.94 27 China, Sichuan, Yanyuan; 2500 090766 18/9/2x 4m+12sm+2st 3A 2.11 67.84 28 China, Sichuan, Huili; 2130 090796 18/9/2x 6m+6sm+6st(1SAT) 3A 2.25 69.22 29 China, Sichuan, Huidong; 2368 090817 18/9/2x 8m+10sm(1SAT) 3A 1.76 63.79 30 China, Sichuan, Xichang; 1796 090830 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.62 61.79 31 China, Sichuan, Zhaojue; 2827 090838 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.70 62.98 32 China, Sichuan, Meigu; 2313 090857 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 3B 1.95 66.14 33 China, Yunnan, Daguan; 1162 090880 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.73 63.32 34 China, Yunnan, Huize; 2250 090886 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 2B 1.86 65.09 35 China, Yunnan, Xundian, 2080 090889 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.73 63.35 36 China, Yunnan, Kunming; 2220 MJ-0862 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 3A 1.91 65.68 37 China, Sichuan, Panzhihua; 1823 MY-292 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 3B 2.08 67.50 Erigeron multiradiatus 38 China, Sichuan, Muli 3240 090775 18/9/2x 2m+14sm+2st 3A 2.23 69.08 179 Erigeron multifolius 39 China, Yunnan, Deqin; 3480 090698 18/9/2x 4m+14sm 2B 1.96 66.23 180 KEXIAN, WANG, YI and YANG MATERIALS AND METHODS number in Table 1. Voucher specimens are de- posited at KUN (Herbarium of Kunming Insti- There are total 37 populations of E. brevisca- tute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, pus and each population of E. multiradiatus and Kunming, China). E. multifolius were included in this study (Table Somatic chromosomes were studied using 1). The sampling localities were shown in Fig. root meristems from introduced plants. Actively 1, numbers on the map is same as the sampling growing root tips were cut off and pretreated Fig. 3 — Karyotypes of E. breviscapus (A-G), E. multiradiatus (H) and E. multifolius (I) : A) Longlin, Guangxi; B) Nayong, Guizhou; C) Baoshan, Yunnan; D)Xiaozhongdain, Yunnan; E) Lijiang, Yunnan; F) Huili, Sichuan; G) Daguan, Yunnan; H) Muli, Sichuan; I) Deqin, Yunnan.
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