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Karyological Studies of Erigeron Breviscapus and Related Species

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CARYOLOGIA Vol. 63, no. 2: 176-183, 2010 Karyological studies of Erigeron breviscapus and related species Kexian1,2 Song, Yuehua Wang1, Tingshuang Yi2 and Zhiyun Yang2* 1School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China. 2 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China. Abstract — A karyological study was carried out on 37 populations of Erigeron breviscapus across its distribu- tion region. All populations of the Erigeron breviscapus studied are diploid (2n = 2x = 18). Various chromosome morphologies were revealed, but didn’t show clear geographical pattern. Karyological studies were also fi rstly carried out on two closely related species: Erigeron multiradiatus and Erigeron multifolius, both species are dip- loid with the chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 18. Combining the available chromosome studies, the Erigeron has relatively consistent chromosome diversifi cation with a basic number of 9, and most species contain diploid individuals, which suggested Erigeron at the initial phase of polyploid diversifi cation. Key words: Asteraceae, chromosome, Erigeron, Erigeron breviscapus, karyotype. INTRODUCTION DONG 1998). A series of bioactive compounds of fl avonoids and phenoles have been extract- Erigeron L. belongs to tribe Astereae of fam- ed from this herb (GAO et al. 2007; ZHANG et ily Asteraceae. The whole genus contains 390 al. 2007; TAO et al. 2008). It has been received species with cosmopolitan distribution (MAB- wide attention in the last few decades due to its BERLEY 2008). Species of Erigeron are herbs or remarkable pharmacological effects, particular rare subshrubs, usually perennial, rarely annual in neuroprotective effects (LIU et al. 2005), an- or biennial. Thirty-fi ve Erigeron species (13 spe- ticoagulant property (WANG et al. 1992), anti- cies are endemic) are found in China, most of bacterial and antifungal activity (LIU et al. 2003). which are distributed in Xinjiang and south- At present, E. breviscapus has been widely used western China (LIN et al. 1985). Some species of to make pills and injections in China (SUN and Erigeron contain various kinds of chemical com- ZHAO 2009). More than 1000 tons of dry materi- ponents including fl avone, phytosterol, pyro- als of this species are used by medical companies catechol, amino acid and microelements (ZHANG every year in China. The tremendous demand of and ZHANG 2007), which are used to improve E. breviscapus has caused a serious reduction in microcirculation, reduce blood viscosity et al. native populations due to over-harvest. (ZHU et al. 2008 ). Erigeron multiradiatus (Wall.) Benth. is wide- Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand. - Mazz. ly distributed in alpine and subalpine meadow of is an Chinese endemic species. This species is Qinghai-Tibet plateau, India, Afghanistan, Ne- one of the most important Chinese traditional pal and Sikkim, at altitude range of 2600-4300m herb, which has been used in Tibetan medicine, (LIN et al. 1985). This plant has been used in Miao medicine, Yi medicine to treat paralyzed traditional Tibetan medicine to treat various and rheumatism pain for a long time (SHUAI and diseases such as hypopepsia, diarrhea, hepatitis, adenolymphitis, rheumatism and hemiparalysis (DIMAER 1986). Erigeron multiradiatus contains various fl avonoids that are similar to E. brevisca- pus, thus it is usually used as the substitution of *Corresponding author: phone: +86-871-5223136; fax: E. breviscapus. Erigeron multifolius Hand.- Mazz. +86-871-5150227; e-mail: [email protected] is endemic to northwestern Yunnan Province SHORT RUNNING TITLE: KARYOLOGY OF ERIGERON BREVISCAPUS AND RELATED SPECIES 177 Fig. 1 — Sampling localities of E. breviscapus, E. multiradiatus and E. multifolius. The numbers are same as those in Table 1. 178 KEXIAN, WANG, YI and YANG Fig. 2 — Mitotic metaphase of E. breviscapus (A-G), E. multiradiatus (H) and E. multifolius (I): (A) Lon- glin, Guangxi; (B) Nayong, Guizhou; (C) Baoshan, Yunnan; (D) Xiaozhongdain, Yunnan; (E) Lijiang, Yunnan; (F) Huili, Sichuan; (G) Daguan, Yunnan; H) Muli, Sichuan; (I) Deqin, Yunnan. Bar = 10 µm. and southeastern Tibet of China, which could ples. Karyological and/or chromosome studies be found in alpine and subalpine meadow and have not been carried out on E. multiradiatus forest margins, at altitude range of 2800-4100m and E. multifolius. In this study, we carried out (LIN et al. 1985). Medical usage of this species karyological studies on E. breviscapus across its was not explored. distribution region to detect geographical chro- Karyological studies have been carried out on mosome morphological variation. Chromosome E. breviscapus (FENG et al. 2002; LI et al. 2007). number and karyology were fi rstly studied on E. However, these studies include relative few sam- multiradiatus and E. multifolius. SHORT TABLE 1— Localities and vouchers of plant samples examined, with the results of chromosome analysis: karyotype formula (KF); karyotype asymmetry (KA); Arm ratio = sum of the long arms/sum of the short arms; T.C. % = sum of the long arms/total haploid length × 100%; satellite (SAT) RUNNING species Locality no. Localites and altitudes (m) Voucher 2n/basic no./ploidy level KF KA Arm ratio T.C. % Erigeron breviscapus 1 China, Yunnan, Gejiu; 2062 090070 18/9/2x 6m+4sm+8st 3A 2.29 69.59 2 China, Guangxi, Longlin; 1550 090246 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.61 61.64 TITLE 3 China, Guizhou, Ziyun; 1500 090317 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.78 64.06 4 China, Guizhou, Qingzhen; 1400 090345 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.72 63.19 : 5 China, Guizhou, Nayong; 1900 090364 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 3B 2.03 67.03 KARYOLOGY 6 China, Yunnan, Xuanwei; 2193 090381 18/9/2x 12m+6sm 2A 1.53 60.41 7 China, Yunnan, Malong; 2100 090393 18/9/2x 14m+4sm 2A 1.39 58.18 8 China, Yunnan, Dayao; 2270 090475 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.74 63.45 9 China, Yunnan, Yaoan; 2000 090491 18/9/2x 10m+4sm+4st 2B 1.85 64.96 OF 10 China, Yunnan, Xiangyun; 2090 090493 18/9/2x 14m+4sm 2A 1.53 60.47 11 China, Yunnan, Yongping; 1967 090501 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2B 1.71 63.14 ERIGERON 12 China, Yunnan, Yunlong; 2190 090513 18/9/2x 10m+6sm+2st 2A 1.78 64.01 13 China, Yunnan, Baoshan; 2030 090538 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 2A 1.93 65.87 14 China, Yunnan, Dali; 2410 090554 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 2B 1.90 65.56 BREVISCAPUS 15 China, Yunnan, Eryuan- -Liantie; 3020 090583 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.67 62.56 16 China, Yunnan, Eryuan, Niujie; 2260 090588 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 3A 1.97 66.27 17 China, Yunnan, Jianchuan; 2270 090591 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2B 1.69 62.79 18 China, Yunnan, Baoshan- -Xiaozhongdian; 2920 090597 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 2A 1.91 65.67 19 China, Yunnan, Xiaozhongdian; 3280 090624 18/9/2x 14m+4sm 2A 1.53 60.44 AND 20 China, Yunnan, Napa Sea; 3350 090648 18/9/2x 12m+6sm 2B 1.56 60.91 21 China, Yunnan, Yezhi; 1880 090712 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.63 62.01 RELATED 22 China, Yunnan, Judian; 1950 090724 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 2A 1.86 65.07 23 China, Yunnan, Shigu; 2190 090726 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2B 1.64 62.17 24 China, Yunnan, Lijiang; 2568 MJ-0879 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 3A 1.87 65.20 SPECIES 25 China, Yunnan, Yongsheng; 2155 090739 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 2A 1.78 64.05 26 China, Yunnan, Ninglang; 2580 090750 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.70 62.94 27 China, Sichuan, Yanyuan; 2500 090766 18/9/2x 4m+12sm+2st 3A 2.11 67.84 28 China, Sichuan, Huili; 2130 090796 18/9/2x 6m+6sm+6st(1SAT) 3A 2.25 69.22 29 China, Sichuan, Huidong; 2368 090817 18/9/2x 8m+10sm(1SAT) 3A 1.76 63.79 30 China, Sichuan, Xichang; 1796 090830 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.62 61.79 31 China, Sichuan, Zhaojue; 2827 090838 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.70 62.98 32 China, Sichuan, Meigu; 2313 090857 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 3B 1.95 66.14 33 China, Yunnan, Daguan; 1162 090880 18/9/2x 10m+8sm 2A 1.73 63.32 34 China, Yunnan, Huize; 2250 090886 18/9/2x 6m+10sm+2st 2B 1.86 65.09 35 China, Yunnan, Xundian, 2080 090889 18/9/2x 8m+10sm 2A 1.73 63.35 36 China, Yunnan, Kunming; 2220 MJ-0862 18/9/2x 8m+8sm+2st 3A 1.91 65.68 37 China, Sichuan, Panzhihua; 1823 MY-292 18/9/2x 6m+12sm 3B 2.08 67.50 Erigeron multiradiatus 38 China, Sichuan, Muli 3240 090775 18/9/2x 2m+14sm+2st 3A 2.23 69.08 179 Erigeron multifolius 39 China, Yunnan, Deqin; 3480 090698 18/9/2x 4m+14sm 2B 1.96 66.23 180 KEXIAN, WANG, YI and YANG MATERIALS AND METHODS number in Table 1. Voucher specimens are de- posited at KUN (Herbarium of Kunming Insti- There are total 37 populations of E. brevisca- tute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, pus and each population of E. multiradiatus and Kunming, China). E. multifolius were included in this study (Table Somatic chromosomes were studied using 1). The sampling localities were shown in Fig. root meristems from introduced plants. Actively 1, numbers on the map is same as the sampling growing root tips were cut off and pretreated Fig. 3 — Karyotypes of E. breviscapus (A-G), E. multiradiatus (H) and E. multifolius (I) : A) Longlin, Guangxi; B) Nayong, Guizhou; C) Baoshan, Yunnan; D)Xiaozhongdain, Yunnan; E) Lijiang, Yunnan; F) Huili, Sichuan; G) Daguan, Yunnan; H) Muli, Sichuan; I) Deqin, Yunnan.
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    Lista de taxa invasores e de risco para Portugal Júlio Gaspar Reis Versão pré-publicação – maio de 2016 Imagem da capa: amêijoa-asiática Corbicula fluminea, rio da Areia, Valado dos Frades, Nazaré. Foto do autor. Como citar esta obra: Reis J (2016) Lista de taxa invasores e de risco para Portugal. Versão pré-publicação, maio de 2016. 107 pp. Júlio Gaspar Reis publica esta obra sob a licença “Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International”. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.pt – 2 – ÍNDICE ÍNDICE, 3 Alternanthera caracasana (R), 16 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS, 7 Alternanthera herapungens (R), 16 INTRODUÇÃO, 8 Alternanthera nodiflora (R), 17 VÍRUS, 9 Alternanthera philoxeroides (R), 17 Ranavirus (I), 9 Amaranthus spp. (N), 17 BACTÉRIAS, 10 Amaryllis belladona (C), 17 Erwinia amylovora (I), 10 Ambrosia artemisiifolia (N), 17 [Candidatus Liberibacter africanus] (I), 10 Amorpha fruticosa (C), 17 [Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis] (I), 10 Aptenia cordifolia (C), 17 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae (I), 10 Araujia sericifera (C), 18 Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (R), 10 Arctotheca calendula (I), 18 Xylella fastidiosa (R), 11 Artemisia verlotiorum (N), 18 CHROMALVEOLATA, 12 Arundo donax (I), 18 Plasmopara viticola (I), 12 Aster squamatus (N), 18 PLANTAS, 13 Azolla filiculoides (I), 18 Abutilon theophrasti (N), 13 Bidens aurea (N), 18 Acacia baileyana (C), 13 Bidens frondosa (I), 19 Acacia cultriformis (E), 13 Boussingaultia cordifolia (C), 19 Acacia cyclops (I), 13 Carpobrotus edulis (I), 19 Acacia dealbata (I), 13 Cercis siliquastrum (N), 19 Acacia decurrens (E), 13 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (C), 19 Acacia karroo (N/I), 14 Chasmanthe spp. (N), 19 Acacia longifolia (I), 14 Clethra arborea (I), 19 Acacia mearnsii (I), 14 Commelina communis (N?), 20 Acacia melanoxylon (I), 14 Conyza bilbaoana (C), 20 Acacia pycnantha (I), 14 Conyza bonariensis (I), 20 Acacia retinodes (I), 14 Conyza canadensis (I), 20 Acacia saligna (I), 14 Conyza sumatrensis (I), 20 Acacia sophorae (Labill.) R.Br.
  • ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(12), 480-486

    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(12), 480-486

    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(12), 480-486 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/5982 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/5982 RESEARCH ARTICLE PAEONIA EMODI: A REVIEW OF MULTIPURPOSE WILD EDIBLE MEDICINAL PLANT OF WESTERN HIMALAYA. *Praveen Joshi1, Prem Prakash1, V. K. Purohit2 and V. Bahuguna3. 1. Govt. Post Graduate College, Dwarahat, Almora, Uttarakhand, India. 2. HAPPRC, H.N.B.Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. 3. College of applied & life science, Uttaranchal University. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Paeonia emodi Wallich ex Royle (Paeoniaceae), a perennial herb commonly known as „Chandra‟ or „Dhandru‟, is distributed in Indian Received: 06 October 2017 Himalayan Region (IHR), from 1800 and 3000 m asl. This study was Final Accepted: 08 November 2017 performed to investigate traditional uses of Paeonia emodi in Western Published: December 2017 Himalayan region. Paeonia emodi is used in traditional medicine in its home range to treat amongst others diarrhea, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, palpitation, asthma and arteriosclerosis. Extract of the root stabilizes heartbeat rates, relaxes the airways and reduces blood clotting. Aerial part of the plant was being used for chunks processing. Dried material after processing was used for vegetable preparation, which is highly useful for the diabetic patient. The study will contribute to ensuring proper utilization, commercialization, and conservation as well as the sustainable uses of this species. It has very high medicinal values used in the cure of many domestic issues. Copy Right, IJAR, 2017,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- Himalaya is well known for its rich biodiversity in medicinal and aromatic plants.
  • Comparative Foliar Micromorphological Studies of Some Species of Asteraceae from Alpine Zone of Deosai Plateau, Western Himalayas

    Comparative Foliar Micromorphological Studies of Some Species of Asteraceae from Alpine Zone of Deosai Plateau, Western Himalayas

    Bano et al., The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25(2): 2015, Page:J.422 Anim.-430 Plant Sci. 25(2):2015 ISSN: 1018-7081 COMPARATIVE FOLIAR MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOME SPECIES OF ASTERACEAE FROM ALPINE ZONE OF DEOSAI PLATEAU, WESTERN HIMALAYAS A. Bano, M. Ahmad, M. Zafar, S. Sultana and M. A. Khan Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Corresponding Author e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study concerns the evaluation of foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of twelve species of Asteraceae by light microscopy (LM). The plant materials were collected from various localities of Deosai plateau. Three stomata types including anisocytic, actinocytic and anomocytic have been found in the family. Stomata type is Anisocytic in Artemisia persica, Actinocytic in Circium falconerii and Erigeron multiradiatus while anomocytic in rest of the nine species. The stomata type seems to be constant character at genus level. Leaf epidermal features like shape of epidermal cells and trichomes are found useful taxonomic tools. The epidermal cells were irregular or polygonal with straight or undulate walls. Two species of Saussurea viz., Saussurea nepalensis and S. obvallata are distinguishable on the basis of shape of epidermal cells. The pattern of walls is similar on both abaxial and adaxial sides in all species except in Senecio chrysanthemoides where it is weakly undulate on abaxial side and heavily undulate on adaxial side. The diversity in the foliar trichomes is of taxonomic importance for discrimination of taxa at specific level. Artemisia persica was unique in being the only species with stellate trichome. Aster himalaicus can be delimited from other species by the possession of J-shaped trichomes while long multicellular trichomes were found in Conyza japonica and Senecio chrysanthmoides.