An overview of children’s health and well-being in

Bruce Whyte Glasgow Centre for Population Health Growing a Healthier Glasgow – the Early Years

25th September 2014

Infant Mortality

Children’s population within neighbourhoods

Deprivation

Child Poverty

% of 'Children in poverty' across Glasgow neighbourhoods, as at August 2011 Source: HM Revenue & Customs 60%

52.0% 50%

40% Glasgow: 32.2%

30%

20%

10% 7.3%

0% t t t r ll n st s h a o y n st k ld d d ld ic ty n n e rk d lk el n hi e c id g ck e o nd hill on as r un ton le ch se n a o ton p to ck s nle sto o field llok foo a n fie o to s g rido ilton toun u ty n o a o Ea or o ona nilee rst E y llo r s n rbals h rn ersto itein bun ar tle tle P d ewo swooesl an e s wad ng r M r rla illw o mis Sim ill ick lvinside t Fl th k W roft r t i Pe g d ld ttles o mu a h stlemi r lds W e a D munnic C a ns Gova g rn e Ki T r & e a r G lma & ie Wh un & o ie d Coill Ba s C rumc a t o tr ar C h Sh a e & CranhillDenni & C te & Bridge Ge r & Msh Part & K ill & C & Mosspar Ma Knigh ld & An & Scotst Ba bh i Easterho & ou D & a n k M h uth r ox & ill le & Sts ast Shet de & Bat & na l & H ill Greater r k & l Ro H & D thc ill & i o lloks Ib c il am iddr oig Grea a ysto h k & ds N igtonsi So ws rkh o den & Ca o L R aghgb alton nhill C o Pollo wlands & Cathcartr & E khil P r Yoke n H ll & C ead e an th & ryhill & Summerstonc A ryh hi & Possilparkto N n n sha Temple & Ann Card Yo or rin t kh obr wan spa wl ou o Lang k & Woodlands ss & West al Ma s oys R KelvindaBailliestong & GarrowhillS n roomhill & Part Bla Centreo & Merchant Ci Sp ie Do ha er B ksto llo & North PollokB & R Par , Kin S V o ity Pr d t Po rth Ma North ollcr ill, n o C th la sland, &n Cro N T ie ou M Sigh Ann ellahouston, Cra Hynd B % of Children in poverty : Number of children living in families in receipt of CTC whose reported income is less than 60 per cent of the median income or in receipt of IS or (Income-Based) JSA, divided by the total number of children in the area (determined by Child Benefit data)

Ethnicity by neighbourhood

Crime and safety

• Glasgow tends to have a higher level of recorded crimes and incidents than other neighbouring local authorities and other Scottish cities, although reported levels of many crimes have been declining since 2006.

• In relation to anti-social behaviour (ASB), youth-related incidents make up 16% of all ASB incidents in Glasgow.

• Just over 7,500 crimes were committed by youths (children under the age of 18) in Glasgow in 2011/12 with offending levels rising rapidly in teenage years.

• Despite decreases in reported violent crime, Glasgow experiences a level of violent crime that is still twice the national average.

• The likelihood of being a victim of violence or of committing a violent offence rises rapidly in the teenage years.

• In 2012, in Glasgow, there were on average 280 domestic abuse incidents reported each month where children were present.

Health related behaviour • Over 10% of 15 year olds in Glasgow are regular smokers, a similar proportion to other cities in .

• Of 15 year olds who drink, 35% have been drunk more than 10 times, a notably higher proportion than in other Scottish cities.

• The rate of hospital admissions due to alcohol related causes among children and young people in Glasgow varies by neighbourhood and is higher in the most deprived areas than in the least deprived.

• Nearly a quarter of 15 year olds in Glasgow report that they have taken drugs, a higher proportion than the Scottish average.

• Only 13% of children and young people in the Glasgow area eat enough fruit and vegetables, similar to the Scottish average.

• 73% of children and young people in the Glasgow area get enough exercise, similar to the Scottish average.

• Just under 60% of primary school children, and nearly 50% of secondary schoolchildren in Glasgow actively travel to school

• The rate of teenage pregnancies in Glasgow is higher than the Scottish average.

Breastfeeding by neighbourhood

Unintentional injuries trends

Low birth weight by neighbourhood

Wider socio-economic context

In-work poverty

The Scottish Government published their latest report on poverty and income inequality in Scotland in July 2014.

The key findings for Scotland were: • a sharp rise in the number of individuals living in relative poverty in 2012/13 - up to 820,000; • rises in the percentage of children in relative poverty (up from 15% in 2011/12 to 19% in 2012/13) • rises in working age people and pensioners in poverty, 15% of adults in each are now defined as living in relative poverty

Health Inequalities

Pedestrian Child Casualties

Rates of pedestrian child casualties (5-15 year olds) by deprivation, Glasgow and Clyde Valley, 1996- 2000 to 2002-2006 Source: Police Statistics 19

600

500

Least Deprived 2 400 3 4 5 300 6 7

Rates per 100000 8 200 9 Most deprived

100

0 1996-2000 1997-2001 1998-2002 1999-2003 2000-2004 2001-2005 2002-2006 Year Junior Great Scottish Run, 2008-2011 Analysis within Glasgow by Deprivation

Social, emotional and conduct difficulties, pre-school children

Child Poverty

% of 'Children in poverty' across Glasgow neighbourhoods, as at August 2011 Source: HM Revenue & Customs 60%

52.0% 50%

40% Glasgow: 32.2%

30%

20%

10% 7.3%

0% t t t r ll n st s h a o y n st k ld d d ld ic ty n n e rk d lk el n hi e c id g ck e o nd hill on as r un ton le ch se n a o ton p to ck s nle sto o field llok foo a n fie o to s g rido ilton toun u ty n o a o Ea or o ona nilee rst E y llo r s n rbals h rn ersto itein bun ar tle tle P d ewo swooesl an e s wad ng r M r rla illw o mis Sim ill ick lvinside t Fl th k W roft r t i Pe g d ld ttles o mu a h stlemi r lds W e a D munnic C a ns Gova g rn e Ki T r & e a r G lma & ie Wh un Blairdardie & o ie d Coill Ba s C rumc a t o tr ar C h Sh a e & CranhillDenni & C te Springburn& Bridge Ge r & Msh Part & K ill & C & Mosspar Ma Knigh ld & An & Scotst Ba bh i Easterho & ou D & a n k M h uth r ox & ill le & Sts ast Shet de & Bat & na l & H ill Greater Govan r k & l Ro H & D thc ill & i o lloks Ib c il am iddr oig Grea a ysto h k & ds N igtonsi So ws rkh o den & Ca o L R aghgb alton nhill C o Pollo wlands & Cathcartr & E khil P r Yoke n H ll & C ead e an th & ryhill & Summerstonc A ryh hi Ruchill & Possilparkto N n n sha Temple & Ann Card Yo or rin t kh obr wan spa wl ou o Lang k Hillhead & Woodlands ss & West al Ma s oys R KelvindaBailliestong & GarrowhillS n roomhill & Part Bla Centreo & Merchant Ci Sp ie Do ha er B ksto llo Corkerhill & North PollokB Ruchazie & Garthamlock R Par , Kin S V o ity Pr d t Po rth Ma North ollcr ill, n o C th la sland, Jordanhill &n Cro N T ie ou M Sigh Ann ellahouston, Cra Hynd B % of Children in poverty : Number of children living in families in receipt of CTC whose reported income is less than 60 per cent of the median income or in receipt of IS or (Income-Based) JSA, divided by the total number of children in the area (determined by Child Benefit data) Male life expectancy by neighbourhood

Child Poverty vs Life Expectancy

Estimated male life expectancy at birth (2008-20012) vs. child poverty (2011), Glasgow neighbourhoods Source: GCPH from data supplied by National Records of Scotland and Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs

85 55% 52% Male LE at birth Children in poverty - % 49% 48% 50% 83 47%47% 81.7 46% 45% 44% 80.6 43%43%43% 45% 81 42% 79.9 41% 40%41% 79.2 39%39% 38%38%38% 40% 79 37%37%37% 35%36% 34% 33%34%34% 77.1 33% 76.7 33% 35% 77 76.1 31%31%31% 75.9 76.075.8 30% 75.6 29% 75.475.4 75.3 75.0 27% 75.0 30% 74.6 74.4 74.4 75 25% 74.0 73.9 73.8 73.5 25% 73.1 25% 24% 72.8 22% 72.4 72.4 72.5 73 19%20% 72.0 71.6 17%71.417%18% 71.4 71.4 71.571.3 20% 16%16% 70.7 70.8 70.8 70.4 71 14%14% 70.2 70.1 69.9 in poverty living % of children 69.769.8 69.8 69.769.9 15% 11% 69.1 10%11%11% 68.9 68.9

Estimated male male at Estimated expectancy life birth 68.7 69 9% 67.8 10% 7% 67.6 67.4 66.7 67 66.2 5%

65 0%

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2. Enable all children, young people and adults to maximise their capabilities and have control over their lives

3. Create fair employment and good work for all

4. Ensure healthy standard of living for all

5. Create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities

6. Strengthen the role and impact of ill- health prevention.

Implement a Living Wage Policy

20mph Speed Limits for Cars in residential areas

Tackling Health-Related Worklessness: A 'Health First' Approach

The Impact of Early Childhood Education and Care on Improved

Wellbeing Conclusions

• Glasgow’s population has changed. It is becoming an increasingly ethnically diverse city

• Some trends, in relation to education, crime and health – are improving but wide inequalities in life circumstances and health remain

• Current poverty trends are increasingly concerning

Contact details and web links

•Email: [email protected]

Useful web links • Understanding Glasgow - www.understandingglasgow.com • GCPH – www.gcph.co.uk • ScotPHO – www.scotpho.org.uk • Health Scotland - www.healthscotland.com/scotlands- health/population/index.aspx • ISD Scotland, Child health - http://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Child-Health/