CLA TG Powder 60% WDP (Low Odour) Cambridge Commodities Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 2 Part Number: P10615 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 Version No: 1.1.23.11 Print Date: 24/09/2021 Safety data sheet according to REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, as amended by UK REACH Regulations SI 2019/758 S.REACH.GB.EN

SECTION 1 Identification of the substance / mixture and of the company / undertaking

1.1. Product Identifier

Product name CLA TG Powder 60% WDP (Low Odour) Chemical Name Not Applicable

Synonyms Not Available Chemical formula Not Applicable Other means of P10615 identification

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) or its derivative or contains significant amounts of its derivatives.

Fatty acid viscosity (thickness) and melting temperature increases with decreasing number of double bonds; therefore, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) have a higher melting point than polyunsaturated fatty acids (more double bonds) and a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids (no double bonds). Polyunsaturated fatty acids are generally liquids at room temperature. Vegetable oils (triglycerides) can be divided into three groups; non-drying, semi-drying, and drying oils, depending on their fatty acid pattern. Drying-oils are highly unsaturated oils that oxidise in air to produce a tack-free film with time. A drying-oil is traditionally defined as an oil with an average number of greater than 2.2 diallylic (unsaturated) groups per molecule. Linseed and tung oil (PUFAs) are commonly used drying-oils. Omega-6 fatty acids (also referred to as omega-6 fatty acids or n-6 fatty acids) are a family of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, that is, Relevant identified uses the sixth bond, counting from the methyl end The biological effects of the omega-6 fatty acids are largely produced during and after physical activity for the purpose of promoting growth and during the inflammatory cascade to halt cell damage and promote cell repair by their conversion to omega-6 eicosanoids that bind to diverse receptors found in every tissue of the body. The conversion of cell membrane arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) to omega-6 prostaglandin and omega-6 leukotriene eicosanoids during the inflammatory cascade provides many targets for pharmaceutical drugs to impede the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, asthma, arthritis, vascular disease, thrombosis, immune-inflammatory processes, and tumour proliferation. Competitive interactions with the omega-3 fatty acids affect the relative storage, mobilisation, conversion and action of the omega-3 and omega-6 eicosanoid precursor.

Drying oils are characterized by high levels of fatty acids One common measure of the siccative (drying) property of oils is iodine number. Oils with an iodine number greater than 130 are considered drying, those with an iodine number of 115-130 are semi-drying oils and those with an iodine number of less than 115 are non-drying oils Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 1 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

The "drying"," hardening", or, more properly, "curing" of oils is the result of an exothermic reaction in the form of autoxidation Oxygen attacks the hydrocarbon chain, touching off a series of addition reactions. As a result, the oil, forms long, chain-like a vast polymer network molecules, resulting in a vast polymer network. Over time, this network may undergo further change. Certain functional groups in the networks become ionised and the network transitions from a system held together by nonpolar covalent bonds to one governed by the ionic forces between these functional groups and the metal ions present in the paint pigment.

In oil autoxidation, oxygen attacks a hydrocarbon chain, often at the site of an allylic hydrogen (a hydrogen on a carbon atom adjacent to a double bond). This produces, a free radical a substance with an unpaired electron which makes it highly reactive. A series of addition reactions ensues. Each step produces additional free radicals, which then engage in further polymerization. The process finally terminates when free radicals collide, combining their unpaired electrons to form a new bond. The polymerisation stage occurs over a period of days to weeks, and renders the film dry to the touch.

. Uses advised against Not Applicable

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Registered company name Cambridge Commodities Address Lancaster Way Business Park, Ely, Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire CB6 3NX United Kingdom Telephone +44 1353 667258 Fax Not Available Website Not Available Email [email protected]

1.4. Emergency telephone number

Association / Organisation Not Available Emergency telephone Not Available numbers Other emergency Not Available telephone numbers

SECTION 2 Hazards identification

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture

Classified according to GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI H335 - Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure (Respiratory Tract Irritation) Category 3, H315 - Skin Corrosion/Irritation 2019/720 and UK SI Category 2, H319 - Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 2 2020/1567 [1]

Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and UK SI 2020/1567

2.2. Label elements

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 2 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Hazard pictogram(s)

Signal word Warning

Hazard statement(s)

H335 May cause respiratory irritation. H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation.

Supplementary statement(s)

EUH019 May form explosive peroxides. EUH001 Explosive when dry.

Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fumes. P280 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection. P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling.

Precautionary statement(s) Response

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider/if you feel unwell. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water and soap. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

Precautionary statement(s) Storage

P405 Store locked up. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to authorised hazardous or special waste collection point in accordance with any local regulation.

2.3. Other hazards Cumulative effects may result following exposure*.

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 3 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect*.

Possible respiratory and skin sensitizer*.

REACh - Art.57-59: The mixture does not contain Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) at the SDS print date.

SECTION 3 Composition / information on ingredients

3.1.Substances See 'Composition on ingredients' in Section 3.2

3.2.Mixtures

1.CAS No 2.EC No Classified according to GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and Nanoform Particle %[weight] Name 3.Index No UK SI 2020/1567 Characteristics 4.REACH No

1.121250-47-3 Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Serious Eye Damage/Eye 2.200-470-9 Irritation Category 2, Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single 70 linoleic acid Not Available 3.Not Available Exposure (Respiratory Tract Irritation) Category 3; H315, H319, 4.Not Available H335, EUH001, EUH019 [1] 1.68131-37-3 2.268-616-4 corn syrup, 10-25 Not Applicable Not Available 3.Not Available dehydrated 4.Not Available 1.9005-46-3 2.Not Available 2-8 casein sodium Not Applicable Not Available 3.Not Available 4.Not Available 1.7631-86-9 2.231-545-4 silica 0.2-2 Not Applicable Not Available 3.Not Available amorphous 4.Not Available 1.7758-11-4 potassium 2.231-834-5 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 2, Hazardous to the 0.1-2 phosphate, Not Available 3.Not Available Aquatic Environment Long-Term Hazard Category 4; H319, H413 [1] dibasic 4.Not Available 1.137-66-6 2.205-305-4 ascorbyl 0.01-0.2 Not Applicable Not Available 3.Not Available palmitate 4.Not Available

Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from GB-CLP Regulation, UK SI 2019/720 and UK SI 2020/1567; 3. Classification drawn from C&L; * EU IOELVs available; [e] Substance identified as having endocrine disrupting properties

SECTION 4 First aid measures

4.1. Description of first aid measures

If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Wash out immediately with fresh running water. Eye Contact Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 4 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. If skin contact occurs: Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Skin Contact Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation. If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid Inhalation procedures. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay. Immediately give a glass of water. Ingestion First aid is not generally required. If in doubt, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed See Section 11

4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Treat symptomatically.

SECTION 5 Firefighting measures

5.1. Extinguishing media Foam. Dry chemical powder. BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide. Water spray or fog - Large fires only.

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may Fire Incompatibility result

5.3. Advice for firefighters

When silica dust is dispersed in air, firefighters should wear inhalation protection as hazardous substances from the fire may be adsorbed on the silica particles. When heated to extreme temperatures, (>1700 deg.C) amorphous silica can fuse. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Fire Fighting Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area. DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire. Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.

When silica dust is dispersed in air, firefighters should wear inhalation protection as hazardous substances from the fire may Fire/Explosion Hazard be adsorbed on the silica particles. When heated to extreme temperatures, (>1700 deg.C) amorphous silica can fuse. Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 5 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Combustible solid which burns but propagates flame with difficulty; it is estimated that most organic dusts are combustible (circa 70%) - according to the circumstances under which the combustion process occurs, such materials may cause fires and / or dust explosions. Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions). Avoid generating dust, particularly clouds of dust in a confined or unventilated space as dusts may form an explosive mixture with air, and any source of ignition, i.e. flame or spark, will cause fire or explosion. Dust clouds generated by the fine grinding of the solid are a particular hazard; accumulations of fine dust (420 micron or less) may burn rapidly and fiercely if ignited - particles exceeding this limit will generally not form flammable dust clouds; once initiated, however, larger particles up to 1400 microns diameter will contribute to the propagation of an explosion. In the same way as gases and vapours, dusts in the form of a cloud are only ignitable over a range of concentrations; in principle, the concepts of lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL) are applicable to dust clouds but only the LEL is of practical use; - this is because of the inherent difficulty of achieving homogeneous dust clouds at high temperatures (for dusts the LEL is often called the "Minimum Explosible Concentration", MEC). When processed with flammable liquids/vapors/mists,ignitable (hybrid) mixtures may be formed with combustible dusts. Ignitable mixtures will increase the rate of explosion pressure rise and the Minimum Ignition Energy (the minimum amount of energy required to ignite dust clouds - MIE) will be lower than the pure dust in air mixture. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of the vapour/dust mixture will be lower than the individual LELs for the vapors/mists or dusts. A dust explosion may release of large quantities of gaseous products; this in turn creates a subsequent pressure rise of explosive force capable of damaging plant and buildings and injuring people. Usually the initial or primary explosion takes place in a confined space such as plant or machinery, and can be of sufficient force to damage or rupture the plant. If the shock wave from the primary explosion enters the surrounding area, it will disturb any settled dust layers, forming a second dust cloud, and often initiate a much larger secondary explosion. All large scale explosions have resulted from chain reactions of this type. Dry dust can be charged electrostatically by turbulence, pneumatic transport, pouring, in exhaust ducts and during transport. Build-up of electrostatic charge may be prevented by bonding and grounding. Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may require additional protection measures such as explosion venting. All movable parts coming in contact with this material should have a speed of less than 1-meter/sec. A sudden release of statically charged materials from storage or process equipment, particularly at elevated temperatures and/ or pressure, may result in ignition especially in the absence of an apparent ignition source. One important effect of the particulate nature of powders is that the surface area and surface structure (and often moisture content) can vary widely from sample to sample, depending of how the powder was manufactured and handled; this means that it is virtually impossible to use flammability data published in the literature for dusts (in contrast to that published for gases and vapours). Autoignition temperatures are often quoted for dust clouds (minimum ignition temperature (MIT)) and dust layers (layer ignition temperature (LIT)); LIT generally falls as the thickness of the layer increases. Combustion products include: , carbon monoxide (CO) , carbon dioxide (CO2) , hydrogen cyanide , acrolein , nitrogen oxides (NOx) , silicon dioxide (SiO2) , metal oxides , other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material. May emit poisonous fumes. May emit corrosive fumes.

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CARE: Water in contact with hot liquid may cause foaming and a steam explosion with wide scattering of hot oil and possible severe burns. Foaming may cause overflow of containers and may result in possible fire.

SECTION 6 Accidental release measures

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures See section 8

6.2. Environmental precautions See section 12

6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Clean up all spills immediately. Avoid breathing dust and contact with skin and eyes. Wear protective clothing, gloves, safety glasses and dust respirator. Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. Minor Spills Sweep up, shovel up or Vacuum up (consider explosion-proof machines designed to be grounded during storage and use). Place spilled material in clean, dry, sealable, labelled container.

CARE: Absorbent materials wetted with occluded oil must be moistened with water as they may auto-oxidize, become self heating and ignite. Moderate hazard. CAUTION: Advise personnel in area. Alert Emergency Services and tell them location and nature of hazard. Control personal contact by wearing protective clothing. Major Spills Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Recover product wherever possible. IF DRY: Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. Collect residues and place in sealed plastic bags or other containers for disposal. IF WET: Vacuum/shovel up and place in labelled containers for disposal. ALWAYS: Wash area down with large amounts of water and prevent runoff into drains. If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise Emergency Services.

6.4. Reference to other sections Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.

SECTION 7 Handling and storage

7.1. Precautions for safe handling

Rags wet / soaked with unsaturated hydrocarbons / drying oils may auto-oxidise; generate heat and, in-time, smoulder and ignite. This is especially the case where oil-soaked materials are folded, bunched, compressed, or piled together - this allows the heat to accumulate or even accelerate the reaction

Oily cleaning rags should be collected regularly and immersed in water, or spread to dry in safe-place away from direct sunlight Safe handling or stored, immersed, in solvents in suitably closed containers. Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 7 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils. Avoid contact with incompatible materials. When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. Keep containers securely sealed when not in use. Avoid physical damage to containers. Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use. Use good occupational work practice. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS. Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained. Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions) Minimise airborne dust and eliminate all ignition sources. Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, and flame. Establish good housekeeping practices. Remove dust accumulations on a regular basis by vacuuming or gentle sweeping to avoid creating dust clouds. Use continuous suction at points of dust generation to capture and minimise the accumulation of dusts. Particular attention should be given to overhead and hidden horizontal surfaces to minimise the probability of a "secondary" explosion. According to NFPA Standard 654, dust layers 1/32 in.(0.8 mm) thick can be sufficient to warrant immediate cleaning of the area. Do not use air hoses for cleaning. Minimise dry sweeping to avoid generation of dust clouds. Vacuum dust-accumulating surfaces and remove to a chemical disposal area. Vacuums with explosion-proof motors should be used. Control sources of static electricity. Dusts or their packages may accumulate static charges, and static discharge can be a source of ignition. Solids handling systems must be designed in accordance with applicable standards (e.g. NFPA including 654 and 77) and other national guidance. Do not empty directly into flammable solvents or in the presence of flammable vapors. The operator, the packaging container and all equipment must be grounded with electrical bonding and grounding systems. Plastic bags and plastics cannot be grounded, and antistatic bags do not completely protect against development of static charges. Empty containers may contain residual dust which has the potential to accumulate following settling. Such dusts may explode in the presence of an appropriate ignition source. Do NOT cut, drill, grind or weld such containers. In addition ensure such activity is not performed near full, partially empty or empty containers without appropriate workplace safety authorisation or permit. Fire and explosion See section 5 protection Consider storage under inert gas. Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed. Store in a cool, dry area protected from environmental extremes. Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks. Other information Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS. For major quantities: Consider storage in bunded areas - ensure storage areas are isolated from sources of community water (including stormwater, ground water, lakes and streams}. Ensure that accidental discharge to air or water is the subject of a contingency disaster management plan; this may require consultation with local authorities.

7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Glass container is suitable for laboratory quantities Suitable container DO NOT use aluminium or galvanised containers Polyethylene or polypropylene container.

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 8 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks. · Materials soaked with plant/ vegetable derived (and rarely, animal) oils may undergo spontaneous combustion · The more unsaturated is the fatty acid component, the more susceptible is the oil to oxidation and spontaneous combustion. · Many vegetable and animal oils absorb oxygen from the air to form oxidation products. This oxidation process produces heat and the resultant increase in temperature accelerates the oxidation process. · Drying oils such as linseed, tung, poppy and sunflower oils and semi-drying oils such as soya bean, tall oil, corn, cotton and castor oils all absorb oxygen readily and thus experience the self-heating process. · Cotton fibres are readily ignited and if contaminated with an oxidisable oil, may ignite unless heat can be dissipated · Vegetable oils and some animal fats undergo undesirable deterioration reactions in the presence of oxygen from the air becoming rancid accompanying off-flavours and smells. The mechanism of autoxidation of vegetable oils is classically regarded as following a number of stages being: · a usually slow initiation phase · a usually rapid propagation · and a termination phase The initiation phase involves the formation of a free radical from a triglyceride molecule in the fat: this may be promoted by the presence of heavy metals in the oil, or by heat or light. The next stage is the reaction of the triglyceride free radical with oxygen to produce a peroxide free radical, which can react with another triglyceride to produce a hydroperoxide and another triglyceride free radical. Steps 2 and 3 can repeat in a chain reaction until two peroxy free radicals collide and neutralise each other. Some drying oils produce cyclic peroxides instead of hydroperoxides. Autooxidation may also occur in saturated fatty acids and their esters. Monohydroperoxides are formed. Although all carbon atoms are subject to oxidation, preferential oxidation appears to occur towards the centre of the molecule. Autoxidation is assisted by higher ambient temperatures (the rate doubling for every ten degrees Centigrade rise) and by the presence of heavy metal ions, especially copper. The degree of unsaturation of the oil is also relevant to shelf-life; oils with a high linolenic fatty acid content (3 double bonds) being more prone that those with a higher saturated fatty acid content. Autoxidation can be minimized by the presence of anti-oxidants, which can act as free-radical inhibitors. Vegetable oils should therefore be stored in a cool place away from heat and light, and should only come into contact with inert (glass of stainless steel) containers which will not leach heavy metals. Blanketing under nitrogen should be considered in bulk storages. It is suggested that crystalline proteins are explosive as evidenced by the easily induced shattering of microcrystals. This may be Storage incompatibility a consequence of the implosive collapse of a metastable ordering of molecules (Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards). A study was performed to obtain quantitative data on the nature and yields of oxidation products formed by a prototypic oxidant system (HO• /O2) on small peptides, including Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly. Study results indicated that hydroperoxide formation occurred nonrandomly (Pro > Val > Ala > Gly) and that the formation of hydroperoxide was inversely related to carbonyl yields (both peptide-bound and released). Multiple alcohols were generated at both side-chain and backbone sites. Summation of the product concentrations provided clear evidence for the occurrence of chain reactions in peptides exposed to HO• /O2, with the overall product yields exceeding that of the initial HO• generated. · The interaction of alkenes and alkynes with nitrogen oxides and oxygen may produce explosive addition products; these may form at very low temperatures and explode on heating to higher temperatures (the addition products from 1,3-butadiene and cyclopentadiene form rapidly at -150 C and ignite or explode on warming to -35 to -15 C). These derivatives ("pseudo- nitrosites") were formerly used to characterise terpene hydrocarbons. · Exposure to air must be kept to a minimum so as to limit the build-up of peroxides which will concentrate in bottoms if the product is distilled. The product must not be distilled to dryness if the peroxide concentration is substantially above 10 ppm (as active oxygen) since explosive decomposition may occur. Distillate must be immediately inhibited to prevent peroxide formation. The effectiveness of the antioxidant is limited once the peroxide levels exceed 10 ppm as active oxygen. Addition of more inhibitor at this point is generally ineffective. Prior to distillation it is recommended that the product should be washed with aqueous ferrous ammonium sulfate to destroy peroxides; the washed product should be immediately re-inhibited. · A range of exothermic decomposition energies for double bonds is given as 40-90 kJ/mol. The relationship between energy of decomposition and processing hazards has been the subject of discussion; it is suggested that values of energy released per unit of mass, rather than on a molar basis (J/g) be used in the assessment. For example, in "open vessel processes" (with man-hole size openings, in an industrial setting), substances with exothermic decomposition energies below 500 J/g are unlikely to present a danger, whilst those in "closed vessel processes" (opening is a safety valve or bursting disk) present some danger where the decomposition energy exceeds 150 J/g. BRETHERICK: Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th Edition · The reaction of ozone with alkenes is believed to proceed via the formation of a vibrationally excited Primary Ozonide (POZ) which falls apart to give a vibrationally excited Criegee Intermediate (CI) The CI can decompose to give OH radicals, or be

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stabilised. This may be of relevance in atmospheric chemistry. · Violent explosions at low temperatures in ammonia synthesis gas units have been traced to the addition products of dienes and nitrogen dioxide The substance may be or contains a "metalloid" The following elements are considered to be metalloids; boron,silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium and (possibly) polonium The electronegativities and ionisation energies of the metalloids are between those of the metals and nonmetals, so the metalloids exhibit characteristics of both classes. The reactivity of the metalloids depends on the element with which they are reacting. For example, boron acts as a nonmetal when reacting with sodium yet as a metal when reacting with fluorine. Unlike most metals, most metalloids are amphoteric- that is they can act as both an acid and a base. For instance, arsenic forms not only salts such as arsenic halides, by the reaction with certain strong acid, but it also forms arsenites by reactions with strong bases. Most metalloids have a multiplicity of oxidation states or valences. For instance, tellurium has the oxidation states +2, -2, +4, and +6. Metalloids react like non-metals when they react with metals and act like metals when they react with non-metals.

The various oxides of nitrogen and peroxyacids may be dangerously reactive in the presence of alkenes. BRETHERICK L.: Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards Avoid reaction with strong Lewis or mineral acids. Reaction with halogens requires carefully controlled conditions. Free radical initiators should be avoided. Silicas: react with hydrofluoric acid to produce silicon tetrafluoride gas react with xenon hexafluoride to produce explosive xenon trioxide reacts exothermically with oxygen difluoride, and explosively with chlorine trifluoride (these halogenated materials are not commonplace industrial materials) and other fluorine-containing compounds may react with fluorine, chlorates are incompatible with strong oxidisers, manganese trioxide, chlorine trioxide, strong alkalis, metal oxides, concentrated orthophosphoric acid, vinyl acetate may react vigorously when heated with alkali carbonates. Avoid strong acids, bases. Avoid reaction with oxidising agents

7.3. Specific end use(s) See section 1.2

SECTION 8 Exposure controls / personal protection

8.1. Control parameters

DNELs PNECs Ingredient Exposure Pattern Worker Compartment silica amorphous Inhalation 0.3 mg/m³ (Local, Chronic) Not Available

potassium phosphate, Inhalation 19.1 mg/m³ (Systemic, Chronic) Not Available dibasic Inhalation 8.17 mg/m³ (Systemic, Chronic) *

* Values for General Population

Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)

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INGREDIENT DATA

Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes European Union Directive (EU) 2017/2398 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the silica 0,1 Not Not (TWA (8) Respirable protection of workers from Not Available amorphous mg/m3 Available Available fraction.) the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work UK Workplace Exposure silica 0.08 Not Not Silica, fused respirable dust Not Available Limits (WELs) amorphous mg/m3 Available Available UK Workplace Exposure silica Diatomaceous earth, natural, 1.2 Not Not Not Available Limits (WELs) amorphous respirable dust mg/m3 Available Available

Emergency Limits

Ingredient TEEL-1 TEEL-2 TEEL-3 silica amorphous 18 mg/m3 200 mg/m3 1,200 mg/m3 silica amorphous 18 mg/m3 100 mg/m3 630 mg/m3 silica amorphous 120 mg/m3 1,300 mg/m3 7,900 mg/m3 silica amorphous 45 mg/m3 500 mg/m3 3,000 mg/m3 silica amorphous 18 mg/m3 740 mg/m3 4,500 mg/m3 potassium phosphate, 16 mg/m3 180 mg/m3 1,100 mg/m3 dibasic potassium phosphate, 13 mg/m3 140 mg/m3 830 mg/m3 dibasic

Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH linoleic acid Not Available Not Available corn syrup, dehydrated Not Available Not Available casein sodium Not Available Not Available silica amorphous 3,000 mg/m3 Not Available potassium phosphate, Not Available Not Available dibasic ascorbyl palmitate Not Available Not Available

Occupational Exposure Banding

Ingredient Occupational Exposure Band Rating Occupational Exposure Band Limit

linoleic acid E ≤ 0.1 ppm potassium phosphate, E ≤ 0.01 mg/m³ dibasic Notes: Occupational exposure banding is a process of assigning chemicals into specific categories or bands based on a chemical's potency and the adverse health outcomes associated with exposure. The output of this process is an occupational exposure band (OEB), which corresponds to a range of exposure concentrations that are expected to protect worker health.

8.2. Exposure controls

8.2.1. Appropriate Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed

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engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection. The basic types of engineering controls are: Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use. Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.

Local exhaust ventilation is required where solids are handled as powders or crystals; even when particulates are relatively large, a certain proportion will be powdered by mutual friction. Exhaust ventilation should be designed to prevent accumulation and recirculation of particulates in the workplace. If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in air could occur, respiratory protection should be considered. Such protection might consist of: (a): particle dust respirators, if necessary, combined with an absorption cartridge; (b): filter respirators with absorption cartridge or canister of the right type; (c): fresh-air hoods or masks Build-up of electrostatic charge on the dust particle, may be prevented by bonding and grounding. Powder handling equipment such as dust collectors, dryers and mills may require additional protection measures such as explosion venting. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to efficiently remove the contaminant. engineering controls Type of Contaminant: Air Speed: direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas 1-2.5 m/s (200-500 discharge (active generation into zone of rapid air motion) f/min.) grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial 2.5-10 m/s velocity into zone of very high rapid air motion). (500-2000 f/min.)

Within each range the appropriate value depends on:

Lower end of the range Upper end of the range 1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents 2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only 2: Contaminants of high toxicity 3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use 4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only

Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 4-10 m/s (800-2000 f/min) for extraction of crusher dusts generated 2 metres distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.

8.2.2. Personal protection

Safety glasses with side shields. Chemical goggles. Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy Eye and face protection document, describing the wearing of lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should

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be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent] Skin protection See Hand protection below The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Where the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application. The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a final choice. Personal hygiene is a key element of effective hand care. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: · frequency and duration of contact, · chemical resistance of glove material, · glove thickness and · dexterity Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent). · When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. · When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. · Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement and this should be taken into account when considering gloves for long-term use. · Contaminated gloves should be replaced. As defined in ASTM F-739-96 in any application, gloves are rated as: · Excellent when breakthrough time > 480 min · Good when breakthrough time > 20 min Hands/feet protection · Fair when breakthrough time < 20 min · Poor when glove material degrades For general applications, gloves with a thickness typically greater than 0.35 mm, are recommended. It should be emphasised that glove thickness is not necessarily a good predictor of glove resistance to a specific chemical, as the permeation efficiency of the glove will be dependent on the exact composition of the glove material. Therefore, glove selection should also be based on consideration of the task requirements and knowledge of breakthrough times. Glove thickness may also vary depending on the glove manufacturer, the glove type and the glove model. Therefore, the manufacturers’ technical data should always be taken into account to ensure selection of the most appropriate glove for the task. Note: Depending on the activity being conducted, gloves of varying thickness may be required for specific tasks. For example: · Thinner gloves (down to 0.1 mm or less) may be required where a high degree of manual dexterity is needed. However, these gloves are only likely to give short duration protection and would normally be just for single use applications, then disposed of. · Thicker gloves (up to 3 mm or more) may be required where there is a mechanical (as well as a chemical) risk i.e. where there is abrasion or puncture potential Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Experience indicates that the following polymers are suitable as glove materials for protection against undissolved, dry solids, where abrasive particles are not present. polychloroprene. nitrile rubber. butyl rubber. fluorocaoutchouc. polyvinyl chloride. Gloves should be examined for wear and/ or degradation constantly. Body protection See Other protection below

Overalls. P.V.C apron. Other protection Barrier cream. Skin cleansing cream.

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Eye wash unit.

Respiratory protection Particulate. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent)

Required Minimum Protection Factor Half-Face Respirator Full-Face Respirator Powered Air Respirator P1 - PAPR-P1 up to 10 x ES Air-line* - - up to 50 x ES Air-line** P2 PAPR-P2 up to 100 x ES - P3 - Air-line* - 100+ x ES - Air-line** PAPR-P3

* - Negative pressure demand ** - Continuous flow A(All classes) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gasses, B2 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E = Sulfur dioxide(SO2), G = Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg = Mercury, NO = Oxides of nitrogen, MB = Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling point organic compounds(below 65 degC)

· Respirators may be necessary when engineering and administrative controls do not adequately prevent exposures. · The decision to use respiratory protection should be based on professional judgment that takes into account toxicity information, exposure measurement data, and frequency and likelihood of the worker's exposure - ensure users are not subject to high thermal loads which may result in heat stress or distress due to personal protective equipment (powered, positive flow, full face apparatus may be an option). · Published occupational exposure limits, where they exist, will assist in determining the adequacy of the selected respiratory protection. These may be government mandated or vendor recommended. · Certified respirators will be useful for protecting workers from inhalation of particulates when properly selected and fit tested as part of a complete respiratory protection program. · Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU) · Use approved positive flow mask if significant quantities of dust becomes airborne. · Try to avoid creating dust conditions.

8.2.3. Environmental exposure controls See section 12

SECTION 9 Physical and chemical properties

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance Not Available

Relative density (Water = Physical state Divided Solid|Powder Not Available 1) Partition coefficient Odour Not Available Not Available n-octanol / water

Auto-ignition temperature Odour threshold Not Available Not Available (°C)

Decomposition pH (as supplied) Not Available Not Available temperature

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Melting point / freezing Not Available Viscosity (cSt) Not Available point (°C) Initial boiling point and Not Available Molecular weight (g/mol) Not Available boiling range (°C) Flash point (°C) Not Available Taste Not Available Evaporation rate Not Available Explosive properties Not Available Flammability Not Available Oxidising properties Not Available Surface Tension (dyn/cm Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Not Applicable or mN/m) Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Volatile Component (%vol) Not Available Vapour pressure (kPa) Not Available Gas group Not Available Solubility in water Immiscible pH as a solution (%) Not Available Vapour density (Air = 1) Not Available VOC g/L Not Available Nanoform Particle Nanoform Solubility Not Available Not Available Characteristics Particle Size Not Available

9.2. Other information Not Available

SECTION 10 Stability and reactivity

10.1.Reactivity See section 7.2 Unstable in the presence of incompatible materials. 10.2. Chemical stability Product is considered stable. Hazardous polymerisation will not occur. 10.3. Possibility of See section 7.2 hazardous reactions 10.4. Conditions to avoid See section 7.2 10.5. Incompatible See section 7.2 materials 10.6. Hazardous See section 5.3 decomposition products

SECTION 11 Toxicological information

11.1. Information on toxicological effects

The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage. Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. If prior damage to the circulatory or nervous systems has occurred or if kidney damage has been sustained, proper screenings Inhaled should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk if handling and use of the material result in excessive exposures.

Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.

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Not normally a hazard due to non-volatile nature of product Inhalation of oil droplets or aerosols may cause discomfort and may produce chemical inflammation of the lungs. Fine mists generated from plant/ vegetable (or more rarely from animal) oils may be hazardous. Extreme heating for prolonged periods, at high temperatures, may generate breakdown products which include acrolein and acrolein-like substances. The material has NOT been classified by EC Directives or other classification systems as "harmful by ingestion". This is because Ingestion of the lack of corroborating animal or human evidence. The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition Skin contact is not thought to have harmful health effects (as classified under EC Directives); the material may still produce health damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material Skin Contact Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. The material may cause moderate inflammation of the skin either following direct contact or after a delay of some time. Repeated exposure can cause contact dermatitis which is characterised by redness, swelling and blistering. Eye This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons. Long-term exposure to respiratory irritants may result in airways disease, involving difficulty breathing and related whole-body problems. Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or long-term occupational exposure. Dusts produced by proteins can sometimes sensitise workers like other foreign bodies. Symptoms include asthma appearing soon after exposure, with wheezing, narrowing of the airways and breathing difficulties. Amorphous silicas generally are less hazardous than crystalline silicas, but the former can be converted to the latter on heating and subsequent cooling. Inhalation of dusts containing crystalline silicas may lead to silicosis, a disabling lung disease that may take years to develop. Chronic Soluble silicates do not exhibit sensitizing potential. Testing in bacterial and animal experiments have not shown any evidence of them causing mutations or birth defects. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis, caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Repeated swallowing of linoleic acid may alter platelet function. Animal testing showed weight loss, anaemia, loss of white cells and damage to the membrane of red and white cells.

There has been some concern that this material can cause cancer or mutations but there is not enough data to make an assessment.

CLA TG Powder 60% WDP TOXICITY IRRITATION (Low Odour) Not Available Not Available

TOXICITY IRRITATION linoleic acid Oral(Mouse) LD50; >50000 mg/kg[2] Skin (human):75 mg/3d-I- moderate

TOXICITY IRRITATION corn syrup, dehydrated Not Available Not Available

TOXICITY IRRITATION casein sodium Not Available Not Available

TOXICITY IRRITATION dermal (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg[1] Eye (rabbit): non-irritating * silica amorphous Inhalation(Rat) LC50; >0.139 mg/L4h[1] Eye: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)[1]

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Oral(Rat) LD50; >1000 mg/kg[1] Skin (rabbit): non-irritating *

Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)[1]

TOXICITY IRRITATION

[1] [1] potassium phosphate, Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >300 mg/kg Eye: no adverse effect observed (not irritating) dibasic Inhalation(Rat) LC50; >0.83 mg/l4h[1] Skin: no adverse effect observed (not irritating)[1]

Oral(Rat) LD50; >500 mg/kg[1]

TOXICITY IRRITATION

ascorbyl palmitate dermal (guinea pig) LD50: >3000 mg/kg[2] Not Available Oral(Mouse) LD50; 4700 mg/kg[1]

Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances

For aliphatic fatty acids (and salts) Acute oral (gavage) toxicity: The acute oral LD50 values in rats for both were greater than >2000 mg/kg bw Clinical signs were generally associated with poor condition following administration of high doses (salivation, diarrhoea, staining, piloerection and lethargy).There were no adverse effects on body weight in any study In some studies, excess test substance and/or irritation in the gastrointestinal tract was observed at necropsy. Skin and eye irritation potential, with a few stated exceptions, is chain length dependent and decreases with increasing chain length According to several OECD test regimes the animal skin irritation studies indicate that the C6-10 aliphatic acids are severely irritating or corrosive, while the C12 aliphatic acid is irritating, and the C14-22 aliphatic acids generally are not irritating or mildly irritating. Human skin irritation studies using more realistic exposures (30-minute,1-hour or 24-hours) indicate that the aliphatic acids have sufficient, good or very good skin compatibility. Animal eye irritation studies indicate that among the aliphatic acids, the C8-12 aliphatic acids are irritating to the eye while the C14-22 aliphatic acids are not irritating. Eye irritation potential of the ammonium salts does not follow chain length dependence; the C18 ammonium salts are corrosive to the eyes. Dermal absorption: CLA TG Powder 60% WDP The in vitro penetration of C10, C12, C14, C16 and C18 fatty acids (as sodium salt solutions) through rat skin decreases with (Low Odour) increasing chain length. At 86.73 ug C16/cm2 and 91.84 ug C18/cm2, about 0.23% and less than 0.1% of the C16 and C18 soap solutions is absorbed after 24 h exposure, respectively. Sensitisation: No sensitisation data were located. Repeat dose toxicity: Repeated dose oral (gavage or diet) exposure to aliphatic acids did not result in systemic toxicity with NOAELs greater than the limit dose of 1000 mg/kg bw. . Mutagenicity Aliphatic acids do not appear to be mutagenic or clastogenic in vitro or in vivo Carcinogenicity No data were located for carcinogenicity of aliphatic fatty acids. Reproductive toxicity No effects on fertility or on reproductive organs, or developmental effects were observed in studies on aliphatic acids and the NOAELs correspond to the maximum dose tested. The weight of evidence supports the lack of reproductive and developmental toxicity potential of the aliphatic acids category.

Given the large number of substances in this category, their closely related chemical structure, expected trends in physical chemical properties, and similarity of toxicokinetic properties, both mammalian and aquatic endpoints were filled using

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read-across to the closest structural analogue, and selecting the most conservative supporting substance effect level. Structure-activity relationships are not evident for the mammalian toxicity endpoints.That is, the low mammalian toxicity of this category of substances limits the ability to discern structural effects on biological activity. Regardless, the closest structural analogue with the most conservative effect value was selected for read across. Irritation is observed for chain lengths up to a cut-off” at or near 12 carbons). Metabolism: The aliphatic acids share a common degradation pathway in which they are metabolized to acetyl-CoA or other key metabolites in all living systems. Common biological pathways result in structurally similar breakdown products, and are, together with the physico-chemical properties, responsible for similar environmental behavior and essentially identical hazard profiles with regard to human health. Differences in metabolism or biodegradability of even and odd numbered carbon chain compounds or saturated/ unsaturated compounds are not expected; even-and odd-numbered carbon chain compounds, and the saturated and unsaturated compounds are naturally occurring and are expected to be metabolized and biodegraded in the same manner. The acid and alkali salt forms of the homologous aliphatic acid are expected to have many similar physicochemical and toxicological properties when they become bioavailable; therefore,data read across is used for those instances where data are available for the acid form but not the salt, and vice versa. In the gastrointestinal tract, acids and bases are absorbed in the undissociated (non-ionised) form by simple diffusion or by facilitated diffusion. It is expected that both the acids and the salts will be present in (or converted to) the acid form in the stomach. This means that for both aliphatic acid or aliphatic acid salt,the same compounds eventually enter the small intestine, where equilibrium, as a result of increased pH, will shift towards dissociation (ionised form). Hence, the situation will be similar for compounds originating from acids and therefore no differences in uptake are anticipated Note that the saturation or unsaturation level is not a factor in the toxicity of these substances and is not a critical component of the read across process.. Toxicokinetics: The turnover of the [14C] surfactants in the rat showed that there was no significant difference in the rate or route of excretion of 14C given by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration. The main route of excretion was as 14CO2 in the expired air at 6 h after administration. The remaining material was incorporated in the body. Longer fatty acid chains are more readily incorporated than shorter chains. At ca. 1.55 and 1.64 mg/kg bw, 71% of the C16:0 and 56% of the C18:0 was incorporated and 21% and 38% was excreted as 14CO2, respectively.

Glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs), one of the main contaminants in processed oils, are mainly formed during the deodorisation step in the refining process of edible oils and therefore occur in almost all refined edible oils. GEs are potential carcinogens, due to the fact that they readily hydrolyze into the free form glycidol in the gastrointestinal tract, which has been found to induce tumours in various rat tissues. Therefore, significant effort has been devoted to inhibit and eliminate the formation of GEs GEs contain a common terminal epoxide group but exhibit different fatty acid compositions. This class of compounds has been reported in edible oils after overestimation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) fatty acid esters analysed by an indirect method , 3-MCPD esters have been studied as food processing contaminants and are found in various food types and food ingredients, particularly in refined edible oils. 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) are chlorinated derivatives of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol). 3- and 2-MCPD and their fatty acid esters are among non-volatile chloropropanols, Glycidol is associated with the formation and decomposition of 3- and 2-MCPD. It forms monoesters with fatty acids (GE) during the refining of vegetable oils. Chloropropanols are formed in HVP during the hydrochloric acid-mediated hydrolysis step of the manufacturing process. In food production, chloropropanols form from the reaction of endogenous or added chloride with glycerol or acylglycerol. Although harmful effects on humans and animals have not been demonstrated, the corresponding hydrolysates, 3-MCPD and glycidol, have been identified as rodent genotoxic carcinogens, ultimately resulting in the formation of kidney tumours (3-MCPD) and tumours at other tissue sites (glycidol). Therefore, 3-MCPD and glycidol have been categorised as ‘‘possible human carcinogens’’ (group 2B) and “probably carcinogenic to humans’’ (group 2A), respectively, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Diacylglyceride (DAG) based oils produced by one company were banned from the global market due to “high levels” of GEs. Several reports have also suggested that a bidirectional transformation process may occur not only between glycidol and 3-MCPD but also their esterified forms in the presence of chloride ions. The transformation rate of glycidol to 3-MCPD was higher than that of 3-MCPD to glycidol under acidic conditions in the presence of chloride ion. Precursors of GEs in refined oils have been identified as partial acylglycerols, that is, DAGs and monoacylglycerides (MAGs); however, whether they also originate from triacylglycerides (TAGs) is still a topic of controversial debates. Several authors noted that pure TAGs were stable during heat treatment (such as 235 deg C) for 3 h and were therefore not involved in the formation of GEs. However, experimental results have shown that small amounts of GEs are present in a heat-treated oil model consisting of almost 100% TAGs. The formation of GEs from TAGs can be attributed to the pyrolysis of TAGs to DAGs and MAGs. In contrast,

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3-MCPD esters in refined oils can be obtained from TAG . Presently, the mechanism for the formation of GE intermediates and the relationship between GEs and 3-MCPD esters are still unknown. Epoxidation of double bonds is a common bioactivation pathway for alkenes. The allylic epoxides formed were found to be sensitizing. Research has shown that conjugated dienes in or in conjunction with a six-membered ring are prohaptens, while related dienes containing isolated double bonds or an acrylic conjugated diene were weak or non-sensitising. Coronaric and vernolic acids also form non-enzymatically when linoleic acid is exposed to oxygen and/or UV radiation as a result of the spontaneous process of autooxidation. This autoxidation complicates studies in that it is often difficult to determine if these epoxy fatty acids identified in linoleic acid-rich plant and mammalian tissues represent actual tissue contents or are artifacts formed during their isolation and detection At very high concentrations, the linoleic acid-derived set of optical isomers, coronaric acid (i.e. isoleukotoxin), possesses activities similar to that of other structurally unrelated leukotoxins viz., It is toxic to leukocytes and other cell types and when injected into rodents produce multiple organ failure and respiratory distress. These effects appear due to its conversion to its dihydroxy counterparts, 9S,10R- and 9R,10S-dihydroxy-12(Z)-octadecaenoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase. Some studies suggest but have not yet proven that isoleukotoxin, acting primarily if not exclusively through its dihydroxy counterparts, is responsible for or contribute to multiple organ failure, the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and certain other cataclysmic diseases in humans (see epoxygenase section on linoleic acid). Vernolic acid (i.e. leukotoxin) shares a similar metabolic fate in being converted by soluble epoxide hydrolase to its dihydroxide counterparts and toxic actions of these hydroxide counterparts. At lower concentrations, isoleukotoxin and its dihydroxy counterparts can protect from the toxic actions cited above that occur at higher concentrations of isoleukotoxin and leukotoxin; they may also share with the epoxides of arachidonic acid, i.e. the epoxyeicosatreienoates, anti-hypertension activities

The epoxygenases are known to metabolize linoleic acid, at its 12,13 carbon-carbon double bond to form (+) and (-) epoxy optical isomers viz., the 9S,10R-epoxy-12(Z)-octadecaenoic and 9R,10S-epoxy-12(Z)-octadecaenoic acids; this set of optical isomers is also termed vernolic acid, linoleic acid 9:10-oxide, and leukotoxin. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtype CYPC2C9 and the other arachidonic acid-metabolizing CYPs are thought to, likewise, attack linoleic acid at its 9,10 carbon-carbon double bound to form 12S,13R-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecaenoic and 12R,13S-epoxy-9(Z)-octadecaenoic acid optical isomers; this set of optical isomers is also termed coronaric acid, linoleic acid 12,13-oxide, and isoleukotoxin. These linoleic acid-derived leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin sets of optical isomers possess activities similar to that of other leukotoxins such as the pore-forming leukotoxin family of RTX toxin virulence factor proteins secreted by gram-negative bacteria, e.g. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and E. coli. That is, they are toxic to leukocytes as well as many other cell types and when injected into rodents produce multiple organ failure and respiratory distress. As described above, these effects appear due to the conversion of leukotoxin to its LINOLEIC ACID dihydroxy counterparts, 9S,10R- and 9R,10S-dihydroxy-12(Z)-octadecaenoic acids, and isoleukotoxin to its 12R,13S- and 12S,13R-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid counterparts by soluble epoxide hydrolase. Some studies suggest but have not proven that leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin, acting primarily if not exclusively through their respective dihydroxy counterparts, are responsible for or contribute to multiple organ failure, respiratory distress, and certain other cataclysmic diseases in humans. Oxidative stress in cells and tissues produces free radical and singlet oxygen oxidations of linoleic acid to generate 13-HpODEs, 9-HpODEs, 13-HODEs, and 9-HODEs; these non-enzymatic reactions produce or are suspected but not proven to produce approximately equal amounts of their S and R stereoisomers. Free radical oxidations of linoleic acid also produce 13-EE-HODE, 9-hydroxy-10E,12-E-octadecadienoic acid, 9-hydroxy-10E,12-Z-octadecadienoic acid, and 11-hydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecaenoic acid while singlet oxygen attacks on linoleic acid produce (presumably) racemic mixtures of 9-hydroxy-10E,12-Z-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-8E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, and 12-hydroxy-9Z-13-E-octadecadienoic acid. 4-Hydroxynonenal (i.e. 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal or HNE) is also a peroxidation product of 13-HpODE. Since oxidative stress commonly produces both free radicals and singlet oxygen, most or all of these products may form together in tissues undergoing oxidative stress. Free radical and singlet oxygen oxidations of linoleic acid produce a similar set of 13-HODE metabolites. Studies attribute these oxidations to be major contributors to 13-HODE production in tissues undergoing oxidative stress including in humans sites of inflammation, steatohepatitis, cardiovascular disease-related atheroma plaques, neurodegenerative disease, etc. For polyunsaturated fatty acids and oils (triglycerides): Animal studies have shown a link between polyunsaturated fat and the incidence of tumours, which increased with increasing intake of polyunsaturated fats. This may be partly due to the propensity for polyunsaturated fats to oxidize, leading to generation of free radicals. Research evidence shows that consuming high amounts of polyunsaturated fat may increase the risk of cancer spreading. Culinary oils, when heated, leads to self-sustaining oxidation f polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which may produce oxidation products that are toxic to the cell and reproduction and which may cause mutations and chronic disease. Samples of repeatedly used oils collected from fast-food retail outlets and restaurants have confirmed the production of aldehydic lipid oxidation products (LOPs) during frying. Volatile emissions from heated culinary oils used in Chinese-style cooking may cause mutations; exposure to such indoor air pollution may make humans more susceptible to contracting lung or other cancers,

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together with inflammation of the nose, and reduced lung function. The high temperatures used in standard (especially Chinese) frying result in fumes that are rich in volatile LOPs, including acrolein. Shallow frying appears to generate more LOPs than deep frying. Birth defects: Animal testing shows that LOPs increase the rate of birth defects, whether or not the mother had diabetes. Further investigation reveals that safflower oil subjected to high temperatures markedly increased its propensity to increase birth defects. Further adverse health effects of LOPs in the diet: Animal testing shows that other documented effects of LOPs include peptic ulcer and high blood pressure. Atherosclerosis: Investigations have revealed that LOPs derived from the diet can accelerate all three stages of the development of atherosclerosis, including endothelial injury, accumulation of plaque, and thrombosis. Mutation- and cancer-causing potential: Since they are powerful alkylating agents, alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes can covalently modify DNA base units and therefore cause mutations. These LOPs can inactivate DNA replicating systems, a process that can increase the extent of DNA damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is also generated by thermally stressing culinary oils, although at lower concentrations than alpha,beta- unsaturated aldehydes. MDA and other aldehydes arising from lipid peroxidation (especially acrolein) present a serious cancer hazard. The most obvious solution to the generation of LOPs in culinary oils during frying is to avoid consuming food in PUFA-rich oils as much as possible. Consumers and those involved in the fast-food industry could employ culinary oils of only a low PUFA content, or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as canola or olive oil, or coconut oils (a saturated fatty acid). Acrylamide (which can exert toxic effects on the nervous system and fertility, and may also cause cancer) can be generated when asparagines-rich foods are deep-fried in PUFA-rich oils. The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin. CASEIN SODIUM Gastrointestinal tumours, lymphomas recorded. Equivocal tumorigen by RTECS criteria. Reports indicate high/prolonged exposures to amorphous silicas induced lung fibrosis in experimental animals; in some experiments these effects were reversible. [PATTYS] SILICA AMORPHOUS The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3: NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing. ASCORBYL PALMITATE Oral (rat) TDLo: 1024000 mg/kg/39W-C Oral (rat) TDLo: 772000 mg/kg/2Y-C *[Roche] Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ends. This may be due to a non-allergic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur after exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound. Main criteria for diagnosing RADS include the absence of previous airways disease in a non-atopic individual, with sudden onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. Other criteria for diagnosis of RADS include a reversible airflow pattern on lung function tests, moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing, and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating substance. On the other hand, industrial bronchitis is a disorder that occurs as a result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particles) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterized by difficulty breathing, cough and mucus production. For omega 6 fatty acids and derivatives: Some medical research suggests that excessive levels of certain omega-6 fatty acids relative to certain omega-3 fatty acids may CLA TG Powder 60% WDP increase the probability of a number of diseases. (Low Odour) & LINOLEIC Modern Western diets typically have ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 in excess of 10 to 1, some as high as 30 to 1; the average ACID ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in the Western diet is 15:1–16.7:1. Humans are thought to have evolved with a diet of a 1-to-1 ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 and the optimal ratio is thought to be 4 to 1 or lower although some sources suggest ratios as low as 1:1). A ratio of 2–3:1 omega 6 to omega 3 helped reduce inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A ratio of 5:1 had a beneficial effect on patients with asthma but a 10:1 ratio had a negative effect. A ratio of 2.5:1 reduced rectal cell proliferation in patients with colorectal cancer, whereas a ratio of 4:1 had no effect. Excess omega-6 fatty acids from vegetable oils interfere with the health benefits of omega-3 fats, in part because they compete for the same rate-limiting enzymes. A high proportion of omega-6 to omega-3 fat in the diet shifts the physiological state in the tissues toward the pathogenesis of many diseases: prothrombotic, proinflammatory and proconstrictive. Chronic excessive production of omega-6 eicosanoids is correlated with arthritis, inflammation, and cancer. Many of the medications used to treat and manage these conditions work by blocking the effects of the COX-2 enzyme. Many steps in formation and action of omega-6 prostaglandins from omega-6 arachidonic acid proceed more vigorously than the corresponding competitive steps in formation and action of omega-3 hormones from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid The COX-1 and COX-2

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inhibitor medications, used to treat inflammation and pain, work by preventing the COX enzymes from turning arachidonic acid into inflammatory compounds.The LOX inhibitor medications often used to treat asthma work by preventing the LOX enzyme from converting arachidonic acid into the leukotrienes. Many of the anti-mania medications used to treat bipolar disorder work by targeting the arachidonic acid cascade in the brain. A high consumption of oxidised polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are found in most types of vegetable oil, may increase the likelihood that postmenopausal women will develop breast cancer. Similar effect was observed on prostate cancer, but the study was performed on mice Another "analysis suggested an inverse association between total polyunsaturated fatty acids and breast cancer risk, but individual polyunsaturated fatty acids behaved differently [from each other]. [...] a 20:2 derivative of linoleic acid [...] was inversely associated with the risk of breast cancer" PUFAs are prone to spontaneous oxidation/ peroxidation. The feeding of lipid oxidation products and oxidised fats has been reported to cause adverse biological effects on laboratory animals, including growth retardation, teratogenicity, tissue damage and increased liver and kidney weights, as well as cellular damage to the testes and epididymes, increased peroxidation of membrane and tissue lipids and induction of cytochrome P450 activities in the colon and liver. The propensity for PUFAs to oxidise leads to the generation of free radicals and eventually to rancidity. Culinary oils, when heated, undergo important chemical reaction involving self-sustaining, free radical-mediated oxidative deterioration of PUFAs. Such by-products may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, reproductive toxins and may produce chronic disease. Samples of repeatedly used oils collected from fast-food retail outlets and restaurants have confirmed the production of aldehydic lipid oxidation products (LOPs) at levels exceeding 10 exp-2 moles per kilogram (mol/kg) during “on-site” frying episodes. Volatile emissions from heated culinary oils used in Chinese-style cooking are mutagenic; exposure to such indoor air pollution may render humans more susceptible to contracting lung or further cancers, together with rhinitis and diminished lung function. The high temperatures used in standard (especially Chinese) frying result in fumes that are rich in volatile LOPs, including acrolein. The end products of lipid peroxidation are reactive aldehydes, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), the second one being known also as "second messenger of free radicals" and major bioactive marker of lipid peroxidation, due to its numerous biological activities resembling activities of reactive oxygen species. end-products of lipid peroxidation may be mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde reacts with deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine in DNA, forming DNA adducts. Malondialdehyde produces mutagenic effects in several bioassays. Side products of lipid peroxidation can also exert toxic effects, even at sites distant from the primary oxidation site. Such products (typically malondialdehyde and a large group of hydroxyalkenals - alpha-beta-unsaturated aldehydes) may interact with protein thiols (producing intermolecular cross-links) and, as a result produce functional impairment to enzyme systems, receptors and structural proteins. Aldehydes may also inhibit protein biosynthesis and increase osmotic fragility of lysosymes (releasing hydrolytic enzymes) and other subcellular organelles. They may also react with nucleic acids. The toxicity of lipid hydroperoxides to animals is best illustrated by the lethal phenotype of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) knockout mice. These animals do not survive past embryonic day 8, indicating that the removal of lipid hydroperoxides is essential for mammalian life. Peroxidised linoleic acid applied to the shaved skin of guinea pigs, in a patch test experiment, produced necrosis and bleeding. When the abdominal skin of guinea pig was patched for 8 days with a cream containing 25 nmol (in terms of malondialdehyde) of lipid peroxides per gram, a thickening of the epidermis was found Lipid peroxidation in cellular membranes may produce several morphological alterations resulting, for example, in membrane aggregation, deformation or breakage. This may result in the release of hydrolytic enzymes which in turn may degrade functional macromolecules and cause secondary damage. In addition membrane-bound enzyme systems may be disrupted. For silica amorphous: Derived No Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) in the range of 1000 mg/kg/d. In humans, synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is essentially non-toxic by mouth, skin or eyes, and by inhalation. Epidemiology studies show little evidence of adverse health effects due to SAS. Repeated exposure (without personal protection) may cause mechanical irritation of the eye and drying/cracking of the skin. When experimental animals inhale synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) dust, it dissolves in the lung fluid and is rapidly eliminated. If swallowed, the vast majority of SAS is excreted in the faeces and there is little accumulation in the body. Following absorption CLA TG Powder 60% WDP across the gut, SAS is eliminated via urine without modification in animals and humans. SAS is not expected to be broken down (Low Odour) & SILICA (metabolised) in mammals. AMORPHOUS After ingestion, there is limited accumulation of SAS in body tissues and rapid elimination occurs. Intestinal absorption has not been calculated, but appears to be insignificant in animals and humans. SASs injected subcutaneously are subjected to rapid dissolution and removal. There is no indication of metabolism of SAS in animals or humans based on chemical structure and available data. In contrast to crystalline silica, SAS is soluble in physiological media and the soluble chemical species that are formed are eliminated via the urinary tract without modification. Both the mammalian and environmental toxicology of SASs are significantly influenced by the physical and chemical properties, particularly those of solubility and particle size. SAS has no acute intrinsic toxicity by inhalation. Adverse effects, including

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 21 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

suffocation, that have been reported were caused by the presence of high numbers of respirable particles generated to meet the required test atmosphere. These results are not representative of exposure to commercial SASs and should not be used for human risk assessment. Though repeated exposure of the skin may cause dryness and cracking, SAS is not a skin or eye irritant, and it is not a sensitiser. Repeated-dose and chronic toxicity studies confirm the absence of toxicity when SAS is swallowed or upon skin contact. Long-term inhalation of SAS caused some adverse effects in animals (increases in lung inflammation, cell injury and lung collagen content), all of which subsided after exposure. Numerous repeated-dose, subchronic and chronic inhalation toxicity studies have been conducted with SAS in a number of species, at airborne concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/m3 to 150 mg/m3. Lowest-observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were typically in the range of 1 to 50 mg/m3. When available, the no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) were between 0.5 and 10 mg/m3. The difference in values may be explained by different particle size, and therefore the number of particles administered per unit dose. In general, as particle size decreases so does the NOAEL/LOAEL. Neither inhalation nor oral administration caused neoplasms (tumours). SAS is not mutagenic in vitro. No genotoxicity was detected in in vivo assays. SAS does not impair development of the foetus. Fertility was not specifically studied, but the reproductive organs in long-term studies were not affected. For Synthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS) Repeated dose toxicity Oral (rat), 2 weeks to 6 months, no significant treatment-related adverse effects at doses of up to 8% silica in the diet. Inhalation (rat), 13 weeks, Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL) =1.3 mg/m3 based on mild reversible effects in the lungs. Inhalation (rat), 90 days, LOEL = 1 mg/m3 based on reversible effects in the lungs and effects in the nasal cavity. For silane treated synthetic amorphous silica: Repeated dose toxicity: oral (rat), 28-d, diet, no significant treatment-related adverse effects at the doses tested. There is no evidence of cancer or other long-term respiratory health effects (for example, silicosis) in workers employed in the manufacture of SAS. Respiratory symptoms in SAS workers have been shown to correlate with smoking but not with SAS exposure, while serial pulmonary function values and chest radiographs are not adversely affected by long-term exposure to SAS. CORN SYRUP, DEHYDRATED & CASEIN No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search. SODIUM & POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC

Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity Skin Irritation/Corrosion Reproductivity Serious Eye STOT - Single Exposure Damage/Irritation Respiratory or Skin STOT - Repeated Exposure sensitisation Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard

Legend: – Data either not available or does not fill the criteria for classification – Data available to make classification

11.2.1. Endocrine Disruption Properties Not Available

SECTION 12 Ecological information

12.1. Toxicity

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source CLA TG Powder 60% WDP Not Not Not (Low Odour) Not Available Not Available Available Available Available

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Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source linoleic acid NOEC(ECx) 504h Crustacea 1.122mg/L 4

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source corn syrup, dehydrated Not Not Not Not Available Not Available Available Available Available

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source casein sodium Not Not Not Not Available Not Available Available Available Available

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source EC0(ECx) 24h Crustacea >=10000mg/l 1 EC50 72h Algae or other aquatic plants 14.1mg/l 2 silica amorphous LC50 96h Fish 1033.016mg/l 2 EC50 48h Crustacea >86mg/l 2 EC50 96h Algae or other aquatic plants 217.576mg/l 2

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source EC50(ECx) 72h Algae or other aquatic plants >100mg/l 2 potassium phosphate, EC50 72h Algae or other aquatic plants >100mg/l 2 dibasic LC50 96h Fish >100mg/l 2 EC50 48h Crustacea >100mg/l 2

Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source ascorbyl palmitate EC50 48h Crustacea >50mg/l 2 NOEC(ECx) 48h Crustacea >=50mg/l 2

Legend: Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity 3. EPIWIN Suite V3.12 (QSAR) - Aquatic Toxicity Data (Estimated) 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data

For aliphatic fatty acids and alcohols: Environmental fate: Saturated fatty acids are very stable in air, whereas unsaturated (C=C bonds) fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation. Unsaturation increases the rate of metabolism although the degree of unsaturation and positioning of double bonds is not highly significant. The available data indicate all fatty acid salt chain lengths up to and including C18 can be metabolised under aerobic conditions and can be considered to be readily biodegradable All tests showed that fatty acids and lipids are readily biodegradable The aliphatic acids are of similar very weak acid strength (approximately pKa 5), i.e., partially dissociate in aqueous solution; the salts of the aliphatic acids are highly dissociated in water solution such that the anion is the same for homologous salts and acids. Slight (although inconsistent) effects on the trend for decreasing vapour pressure are also are also observed with the mono-, di-and tri-unsaturated substances as compared to the corresponding saturated substances. Dicarboxylic acids: Compared to their corresponding single acid substances (C8-10 single component, saturated), the dicarboxylic acids exhibit modestly higher melting/ boiling points and water solubility, and lower partition coefficients and vapour pressures. The trends described above for changes in physical chemical properties with increasing carbon chain length apply. Salts: As expected, the salts differ in physical / chemical properties as compared to their homologous single component substances. However the trends described above for single components with regard to changes in physical chemical properties with increasing carbon chain length apply Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 23 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Models also indicate that the aliphatic acids will distribute primarily to soil and water, with lesser amounts to air and sediment. With increasing chain length, the percent distributions to soil and sediment generally increase and the percent distributions to water and air generally decrease. . The rate of degradation of fatty acids was investigated in two non-GLP studies. The total fatty acids residue exhibits low persistence in soil. From the pattern of peaks decline, it was hypothesised a degradation pathway by the sequential elimination of C2 fragments. Consequently, the major soil metabolites of a given fatty acid would be other fatty acids with shorter chains. Although mineralisation was not measured in these experiments, formation of CO2 is the expected terminal step of this process. Fatty acids undergo aerobic biodegradation by the process of beta-oxidation. Beta-oxidation of the parent fatty acid forms acetate and a new fatty acid of two less carbon atoms. This process repeats itself until the compound is completely broken down. The hydrocarbon will eventually be degraded to CO2 and H2O. For this reason, the length of the fatty acid chain does not preclude biodegradation, but it may take longer to achieve complete mineralisation. The beta-oxidation sequence does not necessarily require the presence of molecular oxygen, and fatty acid biodegradation may proceed under anaerobic conditions. Hydrolysis is not an important fate path in the environment due to the fact that the substances lack hydrolysable functional groups. Aliphatic acids are hydrolytically stable in aqueous solution. Water solubility: In general,the water solubility of single carbon chain length substances followed a pattern of decreasing solubility as carbon chain length increases, especially at C16 and higher. In addition, greater solubility is seen for dicarboxylic acids as compared to their homologous single acids: In reviewing the physical/ chemical properties of the a.aliphatic acids, two predominant trends are clearly evident with increasing alkyl chain length and include: i) increasing melting point, boiling point, and partition coefficient, and ii) decreasing water solubility and vapour pressure. Within a given carbon chain length, melting point increases with increasing saturation and decreases with increasing unsaturation.The noted general trends with increasing alkyl chain length are observed when an entire single component group (12 saturated, 4 mono-unsaturated, 2 di-unsaturated, and 1 tri-unsaturated substances) is evaluated together; that is the degree of saturation or unsaturation does not alter the properties trend The effect of mono-unsaturation (C14:1 to C22:1) appears to be a slight increase in water solubility and a slight decrease in the partition coefficient, as compared to the corresponding saturated substances; a similar trend is noted for the C18 di- or tri-unsaturated substances. Fatty acids (including methyl esters) were stable to hydrolysis in the pH range of 1-14. It is not expected that photolysis would significantly contribute to the degradation of fatty acids in water. According to modelling,the aliphatic acids are subject to photodegradation in air. Estimated half-lives generally increase with decreasing chain length and range from 0.6 hours to 17.5 hours. Methyl (and other) esters are estimated to exhibit high mobility and the acids very high mobility. Mobility may be expected to be higher for the salts than for the corresponding acids and methyl esters Biodegradation studies or model estimations for single and multi-component aliphatic acids generally confirm that the extent of biodegradation observed in 28 days meets the ready biodegradability criterion (>60%). When the 10-day window was not met or less than 60%, biodegradation was observed in 28 days, it is likely that the aliphatic acids tested were not fully in solution. Biodegradability tests demonstrated that pelargonic acid (C9), potassium salts and methyl octanoate / methyl decanoate are readily biodegradable. It can be assumed that both acids and methyl esters fatty acids C7-C18 are readily biodegradable. No experimental bioaccumulation data appear to be available but log Kow data from various sources are higher than 4, which indicates that fatty acids and natural lipids have a potential for bioaccumulating in aquatic organisms. Fatty alcohols up to chain length C18 are biodegradable, with length up to C16 biodegrading within 10 days completely. Chains C16 to C18 were found to biodegrade from 62% to 76% in 10 days. Chains greater than C18 were found to degrade by 37% in 10 days. Field studies at waste-water treatment plants have shown that 99% of fatty alcohols lengths C12-C18 are removed. A review of soaps (including calcium and magnesium salts) states that the available data indicate all fatty acid salt chain lengths up to and including C18 can be metabolised under aerobic conditions and can be considered to be biodegradable. Biodegradability did not appear to be influenced by even or odd chain length, degree of saturation or unsaturation or branching. For example odd/even chain length C8 and C9 are readily biodegradable; Saturation/unsaturation: C18(saturated) and C18 (di-unsaturated) are biodegradable, while C18 (mono-unsaturated) are readily biodegradable; branching or hydroxylation: the C18 hydroxylated substance was readily biodegradable and the C18 methyl branched substance was biodegradable. Higher water solubility of the potassium, sodium and ammonium salts make these a lower ranked analogy for the aquatic toxicity endpoints for the (non-salt) aliphatic acids (and vice versa), while lower water solubility of the magnesium and calcium salts make these a lower ranked analogy for all other members of the category The aliphatic acids also undergo biodegradation under anaerobic conditions. Estimated bioconcentration factor values are calculated using EPI Suite v4.10.The aliphatic acids have BCF values less than 100, indicating a low potential for bioaccumulation Fate prediction using fugacity modeling has shown that fatty alcohols with chain lengths of C10 and greater in water partition into sediment. Lengths C14 and above are predicted to stay in the air upon release. Modeling shows that each type of fatty alcohol will respond independently upon environmental release Ecotoxicity

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Structure-activity relationships based on carbon chain length are evident in the available data on the aquatic ecotoxicity of substances of this category (aquatic toxicity increases with increasing chain length up to a “cutoff” at or near 12 carbons). The aliphatic acids category members possess properties indicating a hazard for the environment (acute toxicity to fish: between 1-100 mg/L for carbon chain lengths C6 through C12, and multi-component sodium or potassium salts C16-18; acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates: between 1 and 100 mg/L for carbon chain lengths C6 through C9 (including sodium salts) and less than 1 mg/L for sodium salts single component aliphatic acids C18 and multi component sodium salt aliphatic acids with carbon chain lengths including C14 through C18; and, acute toxicity to aquatic plants: between 1-100 mg/L for carbon chain length C12, including sodium or ammonium salts). There are a number of acute data for fatty acids and fatty acid salts to aquatic organisms although there is a predominance of data for fatty acid. There are few toxicity values for terrestrial organisms. Data availability / quality covering all the taxonomic groups for specific fatty acid salt chain lengths is poor. The chronic data set is very limited. For chain lengths >C12, solubility decreases to a degree where an adverse effect would not be expected in the environment due to reduced biovailability. Data for longer chain lengths have been generated using solvents which makes interpretation more difficult. The most of few available data indicate low toxicity towards aquatic organisms with EC/LC50 values above 1000 mg/l. However, EC/LC50 values below 100 mg/l are not unusual either Fish, invertebrates and algae experience similar levels of toxicity with fatty alcohols although it is dependent on chain length with the shorter chain having greater toxicity potential. Longer chain lengths show no toxicity to aquatic organisms. The available toxicity data indicated low acute and short-term (for birds only) toxicity to birds and mammals.Given that fatty acids are an essential component of the diet of birds and mammals a low risk is expected. On the basis that fatty acids are readily biodegradable and are an essential component of the diet of birds and mammals,. a low reproductive risk is expected. No toxicity data were available for higher aquatic plants and therefore a risk assessment cannot be performed. As pelargonic acid, fatty acid/salt and C8-C10 methyl esters are used as herbicides and plant growth regulators,a data gap to address the risk to higher aquatic plants was identified A low risk to natural populations of bees and non-target arthropods was concluded for representative greenhouses uses of potassium salts of fatty acids, fatty acid/salt and C8-C10 methyl esters. Given that fatty acids are readily biodegradable a low risk to sewage treatment organisms was concluded for all of the representative uses. Substances containing unsaturated carbons are ubiquitous in indoor environments. They result from many sources (see below). Most are reactive with environmental ozone and many produce stable products which are thought to adversely affect human health.The potential for surfaces in an enclosed space to facilitate reactions should be considered. Source of unsaturated Unsaturated substances (Reactive Emissions) Major Stable Products produced following reaction with ozone. substances Isoprene, nitric oxide, squalene, unsaturated Methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, nitrogen dioxide, acetone, 6MHQ, geranyl Occupants (exhaled breath, ski sterols, oleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acetone, 4OPA, formaldehyde, nonanol, decanal, 9-oxo-nonanoic acid, oils, personal care products) acids, unsaturated oxidation products azelaic acid, nonanoic acid. Soft woods, wood flooring, Isoprene, limonene, alpha-pinene, other terpenes Formaldehyde, 4-AMC, pinoaldehyde, pinic acid, pinonic acid, formic acid, including cypress, cedar and and sesquiterpenes methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, SOAs including ultrafine particles silver fir boards, houseplants 4-Phenylcyclohexene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, styrene, Carpets and carpet backing 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, unsaturated fatty acids and Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, hexanal, nonanal, 2-nonenal esters Linoleum and paints/polishes Propanal, hexanal, nonanal, 2-heptenal, 2-nonenal, 2-decenal, 1-pentene- Linoleic acid, linolenic acid containing linseed oil 3-one, propionic acid, n-butyric acid Latex paint Residual monomers Formaldehyde Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glycoaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, Limonene, alpha-pinene, terpinolene, alpha- Certain cleaning products, hydrogen and organic peroxides, acetone, benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl- terpineol, linalool, linalyl acetate and other polishes, waxes, air fresheners 5-hexen-1-al, 5-ethenyl-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone, 4-AMC, SOAs terpenoids, longifolene and other sesquiterpenes including ultrafine particles Natural rubber adhesive Isoprene, terpenes Formaldehyde, methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone Photocopier toner, printed paper, Styrene Formaldehyde, benzaldehyde styrene polymers Formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, hexanal, glyoxal, N-methylformamide, Environmental tobacco smoke Styrene, acrolein, nicotine nicotinaldehyde, cotinine Squalene, unsaturated sterols, oleic acid and Acetone, geranyl acetone, 6MHO, 40PA, formaldehyde, nonanal, decanal, Soiled clothing, fabrics, bedding other saturated fatty acids 9-oxo-nonanoic acid, azelaic acid, nonanoic acid Unsaturated fatty acids from plant waxes, leaf Formaldehyde, nonanal, and other aldehydes; azelaic acid; nonanoic acid; Soiled particle filters litter, and other vegetative debris; soot; diesel 9-oxo-nonanoic acid and other oxo-acids; compounds with mixed functional particles groups (=O, -OH, and -COOH)

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 25 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Unsaturated fatty acids and esters, unsaturated Ventilation ducts and duct liners C5 to C10 aldehydes oils, neoprene "Urban grime" Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Oxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Perfumes, colognes, essential Limonene, alpha-pinene, linalool, linalyl acetate, Formaldehyde, 4-AMC, acetone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-hexen-1-al, 5-ethenyl- oils (e.g. lavender, eucalyptus, terpinene-4-ol, gamma-terpinene dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H) furanone, SOAs including ultrafine particles tea tree) Formaldehyde, 4-AMC, pinonaldehyde, acetone, pinic acid, pinonic acid, Overall home emissions Limonene, alpha-pinene, styrene formic acid, benzaldehyde, SOAs including ultrafine particles Abbreviations: 4-AMC, 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene; 6MHQ, 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one, 4OPA, 4-oxopentanal, SOA, Secondary Organic Aerosols Reference: Charles J Weschler; Environmental Helath Perspectives, Vol 114, October 2006 For alkenes (olefins) Environmental fate: The potential for exposure of aquatic organisms to members of the higher olefins will be influenced by their physico-chemical properties. The predicted or measured water solubilities of these olefins range from 50 mg/L at 20 C for hexene to 0.00015 mg/L at 25 C for 1-octadecene, and to 6.33 [E-23] mg/L at 25 C for C54 alpha olefin, which suggests there is a lower potential for the larger olefins to be bioavailable to aquatic organisms due to their low solubilities. Their vapor pressures range from 230.6 hPa at 25 C for hexene to 0.00009 hPa at 25 C for 1-octadecene, and to 1.13 [E-16] hPa at 25 C for C54 alpha olefin, which suggests the shorter chain olefins will tend to partition to the air at a significant rate and not remain in the other environmental compartments for long periods of time; while the longer chain olefins will tend to partition primarily to water, soil or sediment, depending on water solubility and sorption behavior. The predicted soil adsorption coefficients (Koc) range from 149 for C6 to 230,800 for C18 and to 1.0 [E10] for C54, indicating increasing partitioning to soil/sediment with increasing carbon number. Level I fugacity modelling predicts that the C6-13 olefins would partition primarily to air, while the C16 and longer chain olefins would partition primarily to soil. Results of Level III fugacity modelling suggest that the C6 -8 olefins will partition primarily to the water compartment; and, as the chain length increases beyond C10, soil and sediment become the primary compartments. These chemicals have a very low potential to hydrolyse and do not photodegrade directly. However, in the air, all members of the category are subject to atmospheric oxidation from hydroxyl radical attack, with calculated degradation half- lives of 1.8 to 4.8 hours. C6 -30 olefins have been shown to degrade to an extent of approximately 8-92% in standard 28 day biodegradation tests. These results were not clearly correlated with carbon number or any other identifiable parameter; however, the weight of evidence shows that the members of the higher olefins have potential for degradation in the environment. Volatilisation from water is predicted to occur rapidly (hours to days), with Henry’s Law Constants (bond method) ranging from 0.423 (C6) to 10.7 (C18), and to 2.89 [E5] (C54) atm- m3/mol. Consideration of these degradation processes supports the assessment that these substances will degrade relatively rapidly in the environment and not persist. Based on calculated bioconcentration factors, the C6, C7, and C16 and longer chain length category members are not expected to bioaccumulate (BCF: C6 = 44-46, C7 = 236, C16 = 71-92 and >= C18 = 3.2-4.6). Although the C8 - 15 olefins have BCFs ranging from 313 to 2030, and Kow values ranging from 4.13 to 7.49, and thus are considered to have the potential for bioaccumulation, their physico- chemical properties and fate indicate that there would be limited environmental exposure because of volatility, biodegradability and limited solubility. Ecotoxicity: Data indicate that acute aquatic toxicity can be observed for C6 through the C10 olefins (C6: EC/LC50 range of 1-10 mg/L; C7-C10: EC/LC50 range of 0.1-1.0 mg/L), and that toxicity increases with increasing carbon number within that range, which is consistent with increasing Kow values (3.07 -5.12). Above a chain length of 10, toxicity is not observed within the limits of solubility. However, data indicate that chronic aquatic toxicity can be observed in the C10 olefins (EC10 = 20.0 ug/L, EC50= 28.1 ug/L, NOEC = 19.04 ug/L). Data also suggest that aquatic toxicity does not differ with bond location or presence of branching.

Microbial methylation plays important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of the metalloids and possibly in their detoxification. Many microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts) and animals are now known to biomethylate arsenic, forming both volatile (e.g., methylarsines) and nonvolatile (e.g., methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) compounds. Antimony and bismuth, also undergo biomethylation to some extent. Trimethylstibine formation by microorganisms is now well established, but this process apparently does not occur in animals. Formation of trimethylbismuth by microorganisms has been reported in a few cases. Proteins are generally easily biodegradable. For Amorphous Silica: Amorphous silica is chemically and biologically inert. It is not biodegradable. Aquatic Fate: Due to its insolubility in water there is a separation at every filtration and sedimentation process. On a global scale, the level of man-made synthetic amorphous silicas (SAS) represents up to 2.4% of the dissolved silica naturally present in the aquatic environment and untreated SAS have a relatively low water solubility and an extremely low vapour pressure. Biodegradability in sewage treatment plants or in surface water is not applicable to inorganic substances like SAS. Terrestrial Fate: Crystalline and/or amorphous silicas are common on the earth in soils and sediments, and in living organisms (e.g. diatoms), but only the dissolved form is bioavailable. On the basis of these properties it is expected that SAS released into the environment will be distributed mainly into soil/sediment. Surface treated silica will be wetted then adsorbed onto soils and sediments. Atmospheric Fate: SAS is not expected to be distributed into the air if released. Ecotoxicity: SAS is not toxic to environmental organisms (apart from physical desiccation in insects). SAS presents a low risk for adverse effects to the environment. For Silica:

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 26 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Environmental Fate: Most documentation on the fate of silica in the environment concerns dissolved silica, in the aquatic environment, regardless of origin, (man-made or natural), or structure, (crystalline or amorphous). Terrestrial Fate: Silicon makes up 25.7% of the Earth's crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. Silicon is not found free in nature, but occurs chiefly as the oxide and as silicates. Once released into the environment, no distinction can be made between the initial forms of silica. Aquatic Fate: At normal environmental pH, dissolved silica exists exclusively as monosilicic acid. At pH 9.4, amorphous silica is highly soluble in water. Crystalline silica, in the form of quartz, has low solubility in water. Silicic acid plays an important role in the biological/geological/chemical cycle of silicon, especially in the ocean. Marine organisms such as diatoms, silicoflagellates and radiolarians use silicic acid in their skeletal structures and their skeletal remains leave silica in sea sediment Ecotoxicity: Silicon is important to plant and animal life and is practically non-toxic to fish including zebrafish, and Daphnia magna water fleas.

For Unsaturated Vegetable Oils: Environmental Fate: The application of vegetable oils for industrial purposes has been in practice for many years. These oils are often used in paints which upon drying produce a network formed of the constituent fatty acids. During the drying process, a number of compounds are produced that do not contribute to the polymer network, include unstable hydroperoxide, (ROOH). The hydroperoxides quickly decompose, forming carbon dioxide and water, as well as a variety of aldehydes, acids and hydrocarbons. Many of these compounds are volatile, and in unpigmented oil, they would be quickly lost to the environment. However, in paints, such volatiles may react with lead, zinc, copper or iron compounds in the pigment, and remain in the paint film as coordination complexes or salts. Linseed oil from flaxseed contains reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form insoluble, tough, and adherent films. Atmospheric Fate: Unsaturated vegetable oils are expected to be more prone to oxidation, (reacting with oxygen), than saturated oils, such as mineral oil; however, some vegetable based, unsaturated oils are more stable to oxidation than others, (e.g., rapeseed oil, soybean oil). These oils are less prone to evaporation than mineral/synthetic oils. Terrestrial Fate: Few soil tests have been carried out with these oils, but the available data suggest that the mode of degradation is not very different from that in aquatic systems. These substances can be broken down by bacteria in oxygenated and low oxygen soils. The degree of biodegradability is measured by calculating the rate of conversion of the oil to carbon dioxide. Aquatic Fate: Unsaturated vegetable oils have very low water solubility. A large number of the original ester bonds in the oil molecules breakdown in water, releasing individual fatty acids. Some portion of these free fatty acids reacts with metals in the pigment, producing metal carboxylates. These substances can be broken down via �steam splitting� and combining with alkaline substances. Ecotoxicity: Since these substances are plant based, they are degraded in the environment, producing carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide produced during breakdown the plant-based equals the amount of carbon dioxide originally taken up by the plants from the atmosphere and does not contribute to the �carbon footprint� of these substances. Plant-based oils exhibit high degradation rates, and generally can be considered biodegradable � this biodegradability is not affected by the usage. These oils are not expected to be toxic to mammals, birds, or aquatic species; however, toxicity from additives could occur, depending on the additive.

DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.

12.2. Persistence and degradability

Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air linoleic acid LOW LOW silica amorphous LOW LOW ascorbyl palmitate LOW LOW

12.3. Bioaccumulative potential

Ingredient Bioaccumulation linoleic acid LOW (LogKOW = 7.05)

silica amorphous LOW (LogKOW = 0.5294) ascorbyl palmitate HIGH (LogKOW = 6.0009)

12.4. Mobility in soil

Ingredient Mobility

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 27 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Ingredient Mobility linoleic acid LOW (KOC = 11670) silica amorphous LOW (KOC = 23.74) ascorbyl palmitate LOW (KOC = 247.9)

12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

P B T Relevant available data Not Available Not Available Not Available PBT vPvB

PBT Criteria fulfilled? No vPvB No

12.6. Endocrine Disruption Properties Not Available

12.7. Other adverse effects Not Available

SECTION 13 Disposal considerations

13.1. Waste treatment methods

Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked. A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate: Reduction Reuse Recycling Product / Packaging Disposal (if all else fails) disposal This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. Shelf life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate. In most instances the supplier of the material should be consulted. DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains. It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal. In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first. Where in doubt contact the responsible authority. Waste treatment options Not Available

Sewage disposal options Not Available

SECTION 14 Transport information

Labels Required

Marine Pollutant NO HAZCHEM Not Applicable

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 28 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Land transport (ADR): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

14.1. UN number Not Applicable 14.2. UN proper shipping Not Applicable name

14.3. Transport hazard Class Not Applicable class(es) Subrisk Not Applicable

14.4. Packing group Not Applicable 14.5. Environmental Not Applicable hazard

Hazard identification (Kemler) Not Applicable Classification code Not Applicable

14.6. Special precautions Hazard Label Not Applicable for user Special provisions Not Applicable Limited quantity Not Applicable Tunnel Restriction Code Not Applicable

Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

14.1. UN number Not Applicable 14.2. UN proper shipping Not Applicable name

ICAO/IATA Class Not Applicable 14.3. Transport hazard ICAO / IATA Subrisk Not Applicable class(es) ERG Code Not Applicable

14.4. Packing group Not Applicable 14.5. Environmental Not Applicable hazard

Special provisions Not Applicable Cargo Only Packing Instructions Not Applicable Cargo Only Maximum Qty / Pack Not Applicable 14.6. Special precautions Passenger and Cargo Packing Instructions Not Applicable for user Passenger and Cargo Maximum Qty / Pack Not Applicable Passenger and Cargo Limited Quantity Packing Instructions Not Applicable Passenger and Cargo Limited Maximum Qty / Pack Not Applicable

Sea transport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

14.1. UN number Not Applicable 14.2. UN proper shipping Not Applicable name

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 29 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

14.3. Transport hazard IMDG Class Not Applicable class(es) IMDG Subrisk Not Applicable

14.4. Packing group Not Applicable 14.5. Environmental Not Applicable hazard

EMS Number Not Applicable 14.6. Special precautions Special provisions Not Applicable for user Limited Quantities Not Applicable

Inland waterways transport (ADN): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS

14.1. UN number Not Applicable 14.2. UN proper shipping Not Applicable name 14.3. Transport hazard Not Applicable Not Applicable class(es) 14.4. Packing group Not Applicable 14.5. Environmental Not Applicable hazard

Classification code Not Applicable Special provisions Not Applicable 14.6. Special precautions Limited quantity Not Applicable for user Equipment required Not Applicable Fire cones number Not Applicable

14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code Not Applicable 14.8. Transport in bulk in accordance with MARPOL Annex V and the IMSBC Code

Product name Group linoleic acid Not Available corn syrup, dehydrated Not Available casein sodium Not Available silica amorphous Not Available potassium phosphate, Not Available dibasic

ascorbyl palmitate Not Available

14.9. Transport in bulk in accordance with the ICG Code

Product name Ship Type linoleic acid Not Available

corn syrup, dehydrated Not Available

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 30 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Product name Ship Type casein sodium Not Available silica amorphous Not Available potassium phosphate, Not Available dibasic ascorbyl palmitate Not Available

SECTION 15 Regulatory information

15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture

linoleic acid is found on the following regulatory lists Europe EC Inventory European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

corn syrup, dehydrated is found on the following regulatory lists Europe EC Inventory European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

casein sodium is found on the following regulatory lists Not Applicable

silica amorphous is found on the following regulatory lists Chemical Footprint Project - Chemicals of High Concern List European Union Directive (EU) 2017/2398 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on EU European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) Community Rolling Action Plan the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or (CoRAP) List of Substances mutagens at work Europe EC Inventory International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Classified by European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical the IARC Monographs Substances (EINECS) International WHO List of Proposed Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) Values for Manufactured Nanomaterials (MNMS)

potassium phosphate, dibasic is found on the following regulatory lists Europe EC Inventory European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

ascorbyl palmitate is found on the following regulatory lists Europe EC Inventory European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

This safety data sheet is in compliance with the following EU legislation and its adaptations - as far as applicable - : Directives 98/24/EC, - 92/85/EEC, - 94/33/EC, - 2008/98/EC, - 2010/75/EU; Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/878; Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as updated through ATPs.

15.2. Chemical safety assessment No Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried out for this substance/mixture by the supplier.

ECHA SUMMARY

Ingredient CAS number Index No ECHA Dossier

linoleic acid 121250-47-3 Not Available 01-0000016877-55-XXXX

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 31 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

Harmonisation (C&L Hazard Class and Category Code(s) Pictograms Signal Word Code(s) Hazard Statement Code(s) Inventory) 1 Eye Dam. 1; Aquatic Acute 1; Aquatic Chronic 1 GHS09; GHS05; Dgr H318; H410 2 Eye Dam. 1; Aquatic Acute 1; Aquatic Chronic 1 GHS09; GHS05; Dgr H318; H410 Harmonisation Code 1 = The most prevalent classification. Harmonisation Code 2 = The most severe classification.

Ingredient CAS number Index No ECHA Dossier silica amorphous 7631-86-9 Not Available 01-2119486866-17-XXXX|01-2119379499-16-XXXX

Harmonisation (C&L Hazard Class and Category Code(s) Pictograms Signal Word Code(s) Hazard Statement Code(s) Inventory) 1 STOT RE 1 GHS08; Dgr H372 2 STOT RE 1 GHS08; Dgr H372 Harmonisation Code 1 = The most prevalent classification. Harmonisation Code 2 = The most severe classification.

Ingredient CAS number Index No ECHA Dossier potassium phosphate, 7758-11-4 Not Available 01-2119493919-15-XXXX dibasic

Harmonisation (C&L Pictograms Signal Word Hazard Statement Hazard Class and Category Code(s) Inventory) Code(s) Code(s) Skin Irrit. 2; Eye Irrit. 2; Aquatic Chronic 3; Skin Sens. 1; Aquatic H315; H319; H412; H317; 1 GHS07; Wng Chronic 4; STOT SE 3 H335 Skin Irrit. 2; Eye Irrit. 2; Aquatic Chronic 3; Skin Sens. 1; STOT H315; H319; H412; H317; 2 GHS07; Wng SE 3 H335 Harmonisation Code 1 = The most prevalent classification. Harmonisation Code 2 = The most severe classification.

National Inventory Status

National Inventory Status Australia - AIIC / Australia Yes Non-Industrial Use Canada - DSL Yes Canada - NDSL No (linoleic acid; corn syrup, dehydrated; casein sodium; potassium phosphate, dibasic; ascorbyl palmitate) China - IECSC Yes Europe - EINEC / ELINCS / No (casein sodium) NLP Japan - ENCS No (corn syrup, dehydrated) Korea - KECI Yes New Zealand - NZIoC Yes Philippines - PICCS Yes

USA - TSCA Yes

Taiwan - TCSI Yes Mexico - INSQ No (corn syrup, dehydrated)

Vietnam - NCI Yes

Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 32 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

National Inventory Status Russia - FBEPH No (corn syrup, dehydrated; casein sodium) Yes = All CAS declared ingredients are on the inventory Legend: No = One or more of the CAS listed ingredients are not on the inventory. These ingredients may be exempt or will require registration.

SECTION 16 Other information

Revision Date 11/01/2021 Initial Date 11/01/2021

Full text Risk and Hazard codes

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. H318 Causes serious eye damage. H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. H413 May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.

Other information Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.

The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.

For detailed advice on Personal Protective Equipment, refer to the following EU CEN Standards: EN 166 Personal eye-protection EN 340 Protective clothing EN 374 Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms EN 13832 Footwear protecting against chemicals EN 133 Respiratory protective devices

Definitions and abbreviations PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted Average PC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure Limit IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit TEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。 IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations ES: Exposure Standard OSF: Odour Safety Factor NOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect Level LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level TLV: Threshold Limit Value LOD: Limit Of Detection Product code: P10615 Version No: 1.1.23.2 Page 33 of 34 S.REACH.GB.EN Lancaster Way Business Park Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EU) No 2020/878) Ely, Cambridgeshire, CB6 3NX, UK. Chemwatch: 9-799394 +44 (0) 1353 667258 Issue Date: 11/01/2021 [email protected] Print Date: 24/09/2021 www.c-c-l.com

OTV: Odour Threshold Value BCF: BioConcentration Factors BEI: Biological Exposure Index AIIC: Australian Inventory of Industrial Chemicals DSL: Domestic Substances List NDSL: Non-Domestic Substances List IECSC: Inventory of Existing Chemical Substance in China EINECS: European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances ELINCS: European List of Notified Chemical Substances NLP: No-Longer Polymers ENCS: Existing and New Chemical Substances Inventory KECI: Korea Existing Chemicals Inventory NZIoC: New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals PICCS: Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act TCSI: Taiwan Chemical Substance Inventory INSQ: Inventario Nacional de Sustancias Químicas NCI: National Chemical Inventory FBEPH: Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances

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