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CEU eTD Collection

FREEDOM, NECESSITY, AND THE IMPACT ANDFREEDOM, OF THE NECESSITY, THE STARS THE ICONOGRAPHICTHE DIMENSIONS APAN OF In pa rtial fulfillment of the requirements ofthertial fulfillmentof the degree of Second György Reader: Professor Sz THE PLANETS: CHILDREN OF THE Supervisor: Riedl Professor Matthias EARLY DISCOURSE MODERN Central European University History Department Budapest, Hungary Breanne Herrera Master of Arts Submitted to Submitted 2012 By

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CEU eTD Collection with accordance in made copies such instructions may bemadepermissionFurther ofthe thewritten Author. without not made. copies such any of part a form must page t in lodged and Author the by given instructions the with accordance in in only either made be process,may part, or any full by Copies Author. the with rests thesis this of text the in Copyright he Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This librarian. the from obtained be may Details Library. European Central he

CEU eTD Collection astrology Ptolemaic and philosophy Platonic with theology Christian harmonize to tried that printing early of genres This time. this during literatures many in seen theologia di prints. early in life, everyday and medicinal, astrological, religious, of interactions, period the of some at look stories oftransmission andimages. different texts the in occurring ideas of synthesis a by on brought development a thinking, astrological the in a depict development Planets the of a Children The period. modern represents early the of planets’ philosophy the of ‘children the concept a as how show answered been fully never have that motif the of meaning and provenance motif this of development and history the retrace to only not is thesis this of purpose The astrology. of perception new a of popularity the ea the in culminated that astrology of understanding and perception the in shift a highlights 12 the from planets, the of depictions in development interesting This not and imagery fresco in the 14 until motif, this define characters, thechildren, that additionaldo notsee the 12 the to traced be can themselves planets the of iconography The planet. the representing planet the smaller below as persons seen generally are who children’ ‘planet their side along deities personified asdepicts theplanetsseventhat motif astrologicalanvisual is Planets” the of“Children The ABSTRACT scussion in our first chapter, we chapter, first our in scussion rly modern period. The many Renaissance prints that display this motif are witnesses to witnesses are motif this display that prints Renaissance many The period. modern rly like , The Children of the Planets the of Children The . The .

aslo Ficino Marsilio

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CEU eTD Collection EARLY PRINTS 15 MANUSCRIPTS BIBLIOGRAPHIES “THE PROBLEM OF THE CONCLUSION III. T II. THE CALENDAR IN I. CONTEXT OF BLOCK EUROPE ‘HOUSEBOOKS’ IN THE CHAPTER 3 IV. KRAKÓW III. THE CHILDREN OF II. I. THE CHILDREN OFTHE CHAPTER 2 VI. PICO DELLA MIRAN V. IV. THE PERFECTION O III. FICINO’S II. AUGUSTINE ON FOR FINDING FREE WILL IN I. CASSIRER AND HIS “BEING A PLANET’S CH CHAPTER 1 FRAMEWORK PTOLEMA OF IV. TREATISE ON THE III. FRITZSAXL AND II. EXAMPLES I. THE INTRODUCTION ILLUSTRATIONLIST OF Table of Contents

THE HERITAGE OFMANU PR KITĀB AL TH

HE CHILDREN OF THE P C. SCOTUS. ISCA THEOLOGIAISCA

MOTIF AS A MOTIF TOOL

......

- ...... DE VITA COELITUS COM BULHĀN

P ......

...... ICATRIX

......

LIBER LIBER INTRODUCTORIUS ......

...... THE SURROUNDING SCHO

...... TREATMENT OF FICINO’ PRINTS

SEVEN PLANETS: THE C - AND THE PLANETS: SURVEY

TUNA AND FELICITAS DOLA’S ILD BY CHOICE” BOOKS AND WOODBLOCK ...... F THE SELF AND ‘PERF TRANSITION FROM MANU DIVINE WILL S PLANETS IN MANUSCRIP PLANET CHILDREN” ......

...... SCRIPTS AND THE CONT PHILOSOPHIA PERENNIS IC ASTROLOGY ...... LANETS

...... DE HOMNIS DIGNITATE ...... PARANDA

...... – ......

SCIENTIFIC, RELIGIOU

...... OXFORD. MS BODL. 266 ...... v ......

......

S ASTROLOGICAL SOLUT ECT NATURE’ HILDREN OF THE PLANE ...... AND THE OF EUROPEAN MANUSCRI ...... LARSHIP ...... TS ...... SCRIPT TOPRINT IN 1 PRINTS ......

......

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......

. VII

27 23 21 21 20 20 13 12 95 94 94 94 88 88 84 82 77 75 75 70 61 53 50 44 44 39 36 32

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CEU eTD Collection I WORKSCITED LLUSTRATIONS

......

...... vi

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CEU eTD Collection Ghost, 11 39. Descent Holy ofthe 38. 2 onPisces, 37. Jupiter 36. 2 35. Saturn riding Capricorn, 34. Celestial ibid,fol.17b. sphere, Saturn, 33. Mars, (al 32. Mars, della Palazzo 31. Children Salone, ofthe Planets, Ragione, Wikipedia. Padua, 30. Triumph of Schifanoia, Venus, Palazzo 29. Mansionsofthe Moon, 28. Mansionsofthe 27v. Moon,ibid. 27. ThirdClime,’ 26. The Four Seasons 25. Children 1399. ofthe Planets, 24. Treasure 23. Mars, Cairo, Ghayat, n.d. Nasar. M. ibid. 22. Jupiter, 21. Saturn, 20. TwentyMansions Eight Moon 19. Wheel ofSevenMars, Spirits The ‘Spanish 16. 15. Venus, ibid. 14. Mercury, ibid. 13. Saturn, ibid. 12. Four Jupiters, 11. Children ibid. ofMercury, 10. Mercury ibid. and Children, 9. Children ofMars, ibid. 8. Mars and Children, ibid. 7. Children ofVenus, ibid. 6. Venus Children, and her Lover’s5. Garden, ibid. 4. Saturn and Children, ibid. ibid. 3. Saturn text, and Children,2. Jupiter ibid. Luna1. and Children, OFLIST ILLUSTRATION 2583 Baghdad. Carboni, Keir Collection. Farhad, 3469. Turc.Suppl. 242. http://www2.odl.ox.ac.uk/gsdl/cgi Escorial. PlanetaryImages.”† Reg. lat.1 Estense. PhotographsBreanneHerrera, bycourtesy ofWarburgLi Classical Mythology Classical – nd nd 18. Three ibid. Mars,

Decan ofPisces Jupiter, Decan ofPisc . http://mandragore.bnf.fr/html/accueil.html www. 1582 Book ofOmens 16

http://estense.cedoc.mo.it/info/img/i Alfonso

- of Alexander, of Alexander, 283a amar), 1580s amar), 1580s th hermetics.org/solis.html

Splendor Solis Splendor

Kitāb alKitāb

. Agostino, Agostino, . 1458 ca. Treatise onstones (ref.

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Goldfarb, Goldfarb, - Kitāb al 1480 1480 Summer, ibid.,44r. Summer, .†

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CEU eTD Collection †For fullcitations see Bibliography. (Herbal53. Picatrix Mandrake), with ibid. print). (with Clavis Trithemius 52. Picatrix 51. Planet Figures, 50. Decans 15 and Paranatellonta, 49. MercuryLuna,and AbûMa‘shar. 1488 48. Planet Children 47. Chilren ofthe Planets, 46 Luna,45. Luna44. and43. Sun Children, 42. Children 1407 ofMercury, 41. MinervaLiberal Arts,Boccaccio and the 40. Seven Planets andthe Philosophers, . The Chilren ofthe Planet Saturn, LatinusBreanne 500.Photographyby H Munich, ca. 1340. http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/record.php?record=7492 Sessa. Courtesy WarburgLibrary. of heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg832/0211?sid=cf7dcff7c3af7aab9e3b6adec18b2fe5 Germ. 832,98v Civico Staatliche Museen. d..http://idb.ub.uni http:// fr.606. 598, fol. 13r.Buettner, “ http://www.kettererkunst.com/details vindobonensisÖsterreichische Codex Nationalbibliothek, 2652. S.N.

digi.ub.uni and Childrem http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52000943c/f23.item . Saxl, Boke of Astronomy and off Philosophye'Boke andoff ofAstronomy

Saturn and Saturn Mel - Michael Scotus, 101v.http://digi.ub.uni - – heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg438

- http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/vpc/VPC_search/record.php?record=17492 Moon, 1491 tuebingn.de/diglit/Md2. 1455 Völlnagel, Völlnagel, , 1475 Kalenderbuch ofUlm). Tübingen, (Joseph 1460 Baccio ‘Children ofthe Baldini Planets

ProfaneIlluminations ca.

Christine deChristine Pisan Planetenbuch ancholy. “ th Heidelberger Schicksalsbuch Splendor Solis

c. Liber Liber

1510 Jörg Breu theElder1510 Jörg Fendulus

- Losbuch † e.php?obnr=411102918&anummer

- intro.

errera,Library.courtesy Bodleian of 1580 Flores a Flores viii Des cleres femmes cleres Des .

Heidelberg,

, CLM 10268,Bayrische Staatsbibliothek,

Liber a

.” .” i , BodleianLibrary, C Oxford,

n deutschen Reimpaaren. . Épître d’Othéa

† 15 strol

th strologiae

c. ogiae Oxford, Cod. Pal. Germ. 438, 149r Pal. Germ.Cod. . Venice, .

, 1403 ca. Paris. BNFca. fr. MS Paris. , 1403 Kupferstichkabinett, , Regensburg. Pal. Cod. . BNF 7344. lat. .

Bodl. Rawl. D1220 Bodl. Rawl. BN

F MS F MS .’ Pavia, Museo .’ Pavia,

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CEU eTD Collection Scot “Michael fn. 17. 137, the Planets,” of Images New Blume, of the and Construction Giotto, See original. were features what about idea some us give that though, copies century the in again restored were They then. retouched and century, child planet the of cycle this Unfortunately Padua. Ragione, della Palazzo 2 Ma Nacional, (Biblioteca seven planets. personified ofthe series earliest from drew likely, most Scot, Michael which manuscript The 132. 129, 2009), Colloquia, giv Papers Gods: Pagan the of 1 the of iconography the of story The stories. transmission distinct several of speaking are we stars the of iconography the about speaking stories of transmission the in occurring ideas of synthesis a by on brought development a thinking, astrological in model new a depict Planets the of Children The period. modern early the of philosophy ‘ch the concept a as how show to also answered been fully never have that motif the of meaning and provenance the about motif this of development and history the retrace to only not is of perception new a of popularity the to witnesses are motif this display that prints Renaissance many The period. modern early the in culminated 15 illumination. 14 the until motif, this century define that children, the characters, additional the see not do 12 the to traced be can themselves planets the of iconography The planet. the representing planet the below persons personifi asdepicts theplanetsseventhat motif astrologicalanvisual is Planets” the of“Children The

Dieter Blume, “Michael Scot, Giotto and the Construction of New Images of the Planets,” in vol. 14, 14, vol. in Planets,” the of Images New of Construction the and Giotto Scot, “Michael Blume, Dieter ht s i te rso oiial dsge b Per dAao n pitd y ito n h Sln o the of Salone the in Giotto by painted and d’Abano Pietro by designed originally frescos the in is, That th

etr, ihihs sit n h preto ad nesadn o atooy that astrology of understanding and perception the in shift a highlights century, 2 Something that has often led to some confusion that should be clarified is that when that is clarified be should that confusion some to led often has that Something

ed deities along side their ‘planet children’ who are generally seen as smaller smaller as seen generally are who children’ ‘planet their side along deities ed n rso mgr ad o utl h bgnig f h 15 the of beginning the until not and imagery fresco in This interesting development in depictions of the planet the of depictions in development interesting This C hildren of the Planets the of hildren

different texts andimages.different texts constellations

n t cneec i mmr o Ja Seznec Jean of memory in conference a at en Aratos

by Germanicus (composed in 11 in (composed Germanicus by INTRODUCTION

ildren of the planets’ represents a development in the in development a represents planets’ the of ildren

is dif is

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18 th

century after weather damage. There are 14 are There damage. weather after century

astrology. The purpose of this thesis this of purpose The astrology. n atvte ascae wt each with associated activities and

ren was destroyed in a fire in the 15 the firein in a destroyed was ren th

c.) is the 12 the is c.) –

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CEU eTD Collection Art Journal Oxford see ‘survivals’ 6 Art Islamic 5 26 1970), Phaidon, Historiography 4 the from 3 excerpts to next motif maius the Introductorium place that traditions different develops There tex a of illustration an as originate not did motif this that thought is it Rather motif. the to related directly necessarily be to understood not are motif Planets the of Children the side along thesis. this of course the through developed these how the just see will we ‘children,’ in their for As century. later much until objects celestial the of personifications with combined not associat are they that gods the of depictions have we gods.” pagan the of survival no fact in was there astrology, planetary of field the in So anymore. connection the made have not would readers educated Even burned. Antiqui of gods the to back leading “bridge the that writes Blume Dieter works. Scot’s Michael or Fendulus’ Georgius in those artists, individual by figures 13 the In gods. antique the to resemblance no to little stars ‘wandering of series or example, 12 Renaissance.” the into Ages Middle the through Antiquity from leading tradition iconographical uninterrupted only the ant from recognizable the through sources, Greek from us to come has constellations the of

Blume, “Michael Scot, Giotto, and the Construction of New Images of the Planets,” 136. OnWarburg’s 136. the ImagesPlanets,” of ofNew the and Construction Giotto, Scot, “Michael Blume, BC. century Aratos,third poet Greek ofthe is the corpus That As in a bronze mirror from 1153 AD, Iran. Stefano Carboni, Carboni, Stefano Iran. AD, 1153 from mirror bronze a in As ebad Dis “edn te tr o te easac: rt Sx ad Astrology,” and Saxl Fritz Renaissance: the of Stars the “Reading Duits, Rembrandt th

etr, hn e is bgn o e idvda proiiain o te on for moon, the of personifications individual see to begin first we when century, t, but instead is an independent visual series that appears along side different texts. texts. different side along appears that series visual independent an is instead but t, This also brings us to an to us brings also This

(New York: Metropolitan Museum o Museum Metropolitan York: (New

Georges Georges

– (2011): 10. Also, Ernst Gombrich, Gombrich, Ernst Also, 10. (2011): 25, no. 1 (2002) 1 no. 25, ’), the five planets and the two luminaries (sun and moon). and (sun luminaries two the and planets five the ’), 27.

Didi

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iā al Kitāb But the iconography of the planets originated only later, in the in later, only originated planets the of iconography the But : 59 other point of clarification. The texts that commonly appear appear commonly that texts The clarification. of point other – ,

70. “The Surviving Image: Aby Warburg and Tylorian Anthropol Tylorian Abyand Warburg Image: Surviving “The

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Blume, “Michael Scot, Giotto, and the Construction of New Images of the Planets,” 130. the ImagesPlanets,” of ofNew the and Construction Giotto, Scot, “Michael Blume, For example, the frescoes of the Salone in the Palazzo della Ragione, Padua, 14 Padua, Ragione, della Palazzo the in Salone the of frescoes the example, For ḥ tr dpcin o te rfsin, t es i Ilmc r, u w d nt ae any have not do we but art, Islamic in least at professions, the of depictions etary amm 14

In the introduction to the most comprehensive work on the on work comprehensive most the to introduction the In the of Children the of study my with found have I difficulties greatest the of One . And it was not Ovid, but Abû Ma‘shar who was consulted.” was who Ma‘shar Abû but Ovid, not was it And . th d al ad

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Stefano Carbon Stefano

Duits, The Eva Baer, “Representations of ‘Planet of “Representations Baer, Eva Hellmut Ritter and Martin Plessner, trans., Plessner, Martin and Ritter Hellmut Arabic we “Reading the Stars of the Renaissance: Fritz Saxl and Astrology,” 6. Astrology,” and Saxl Fritz Renaissance: ofStarsthe the “Reading hpe 1 Chapter analysi for need the to points Blume Dieter

13 re incorporated incorporated re i Ltn translation), Latin (in

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31, no. 3 (1968): 526 (1968): 3 no. 31, think “in terms of a direct intercultural transmission of images rather than than rather images of transmission intercultural direct a of terms “in think

al of this thesis thesis this of - Ḥ akīm

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Bulhān Oxford di Bulhān

was identified by Wilhelm Printz in 1920 as the original of the Latin ofthe as the original in 1920 Printz Wilhelm by identified was where he where

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“Picatrix” Das Ziel des Weisen von Pseudo von Weisen des Ziel Das “Picatrix” h iae i the in images the

(Torino: Editrice Tirrenia Stampatori, 1988), 111. 1988), Stampatori, Tirrenia Editrice (Torino:

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earliest earliest - CEU eTD Collection 1987). AbarisBooks, Bartsch: Illustrated 15 dry early his for is famous it illustrator because print, and manuscript between the gap bridges 242 2003), Company, Publishing Ashgate (Burlington: McIver A. Katherine the to According 14 the to related are these How illustrated. elaborately children, 7 x 7 and planets, 7 panels, 56 show each iconography, Islamic in motif the of examples bliss Ottoman known planum 1488 the in seen those as figures, planet 15 the T Kapetelsbibliotek). and Block Museen), Staatliche Vienna Berlin, the Bibliotek); the Ink.2.d.4); Nationalbibliothek, kongelige (Det Kunst Kupferstichkabinett, Planeten Block Basel 1460 the 27), Block London 1460 the engravings, Baldini Baccio 1460 earlier. possibly but 1455, about from dating probably woodcut a is type Planetenbuch movable before even coming example, Kupfers Housebook

See, Zdravko Blazekovic, “Variations on the Theme of the Planet’s Children, or Medieval Musical Life Life Musical Medieval or Children, Planet’s the of Theme the on “Variations Blazekovic, Zdravko See, lzkvc “aitos on “Variations Blazekovic,

n te onan o fountains the and h Arabic The tichkabinett, Cod. 78 D 3, ca. 1531, Harl. MS 3469, MS Harl. 1531, ca. 3, D 78 Cod. tichkabinett, of Angelus, Johannes andthe 1489

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bear The Kraków The Kraków

, 18

which Aby Warburg identified in 1911 (sometime in the vicinity of discovering of vicinity the in (sometime 1911 in identified Warburg Aby which interesting similarities tothe Kraków similarities manuscript.interesting children Metropolitan Museum St Museum Metropolitan A Heritage of Images: A Selection of Lectures by Fritz Saxl Fritz by Lectures of Selection A Images: of Heritage A Aby Warburg Aby ith Hans Meier, a system of understanding the different types of planet planet of types different the understanding of system a Meier, Hans ith ,

Picatrix - 44 (198 44 a source to both the both to source a ii bulhān,” in bulhān,” Kitāb al Kitāb East fec lnt It planet. each of ’ i . ased on this text. See “Hermes Zodiologion,” accessed on 04.01.2012, 04.01.2012, on accessed Zodiologion,” “Hermes See text. this on ased Fritz theScholarship Surrounding and Saxl

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4, no. 2 2 228 no. (1933): 4, Kitāb al Kitāb

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etr hnbo o tlsai magic, talismanic of handbook century Alfonso d’Agostino, d’Agostino, Alfonso . Margharita Fiorello has worked on an English English an on worked has Fiorello Margharita . Stefano Carboni, “The Wise Abû Ma‘shar al Ma‘shar Abû Wise “The Carboni, Stefano – 36 – 280. , which dates to ca. 1458 ca. to which dates , 16 17

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that contains fragments contains that the , (New Haven: Yale Univer Yale Haven: (New ,

, ed. Hugh Honour and John and Honour Hugh ed. , Ghāyat al Ghāyat The Journal of the Warburg the of Journal The Astromagia (MS Reg. Lat. Lat. Reg. (MS Astromagia -

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of the of sity sity - CEU eTD Collection Antiquity Pagan of 22 Art and Religion Philosophy, 21 20 plan the of provenance and origin the about questions the of Many ( Venus of childrenfrescos,specifically,the the in Planets the of Children the 1470) in descriptions from derived (ca. frescos Schifanoia the of row central the in images the that discovery, Ferrara. in E Dürer’s including Saturn, of case the in motif Planets the of Children the of examples many examined work This melancholic. the with synonymous nature Saturnine the Thus bile. melanc black and Saturn planet the with associated nature the was Melancholia time. of divisions and elements four the to corresponding humors four the of doctrine the melan of origins Art and Religion, Philosophy, Natural of History the in Studies Melancholy: Ghāyat al al Kitāb multiple itself, influence. planet planet’s each under born humans the simply not and ‘planetoids,’ of forms represented motif the in figures anthropomorphic this. than story the to more is there but professions, human the performing people with planets seven the depicts motif the that Di sources) Babylonian to Oriental through Hellenistic from motif the traced that theory transmission own his about hesitations had he (even reexamined recently and questioned untim

arlier Aby Warburg e Warburg Aby arlier Duits, “Reading the Stars of the Renaissance: Fritz Saxl and Astrology,” 3. Astrology,” and Saxl Fritz Renaissance: ofStarsthe the “Reading Duits, Raymond Klibansky, Erwin Panofsky, Fritz Saxl, Saxl, Fritz Panofsky, Erwin Klibansky, Raymond Aby Warburg, “Italian Art and International Astrology in the Palazzo Schifanoia, Ferrara” in Ferrara” Schifanoia, Palazzo the in Astrology International and Art “Italian Warburg, Aby eter Blume, Stefano Carboni, and Ewa Śnieżyńska Ewa and Carboni, Stefano Blume, eter l dah o tee w ery coas Sm o Sx’ cnlsos ae been have conclusions Saxl’s of Some scholars. early two these of deaths ely oi pro ws h pro br udr h ifune f h pae Str, the Saturn, planet the of influence the under born person the was person holic ri Pnfk, amn Kiasy ad rt Sx i ter work their in Saxl Fritz and Klibansky, Raymond Panofsky, Erwin - Bulhān - Ḥ 22 akīm

uig ht ie abr md psil hs ot motn iconographic important most his possibly made Warburg time that During

(Los Angeles: The Getty Research Institute, 1999), 563 1999), ResearchInstitute, Getty The (LosAngeles:

cholia back to Pythagorean philosophy through ‘humoralism,’ the belief in belief the ‘humoralism,’ through philosophy Pythagorean to back cholia

(Book of Wonderment) of (Book (Goal of the examples ofthis. Sage) (Goal of ncountered the motif in his studies of the Palazzo Schifanoia frescos Schifanoia Palazzo the of studies his in motif the ncountered

(London: Th

Abû Ma‘shar’s Abû

omas Nelson, 1964). Nelson, omas I will look at how, in the Eastern exampl Eastern the in how, at look will I , Kitāb al Kitāb Saturn and Melancholy: Studies in the History of Natural Natural of History the in Studies Melancholy: and Saturn

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Carboni, Carboni, the and Picatrix.” the Ghaya “Between Pingree, Saxl Panofskyand Ficino also gives a Decan description which he takes from Abû Ma‘shar, for examp for Ma‘shar, Abû from takes he which description Decan a gives also Ficino Baer, “Representations of ‘Planet of “Representations Baer, itr Blume Dieter Kitāb al Kitāb 26

We know that one text often appended to the Children of the Planet images was was images Planet the of Children the to appended often text one that know We 23 and the and

Lastly, D.S. Rice’s conclusions about the possible northern Italian predecessor of predecessor Italian northern possible the about conclusions Rice’s D.S. Lastly, Following the Stars: Images of the Zodiac in Art in Zodiac Islamic the of Stars:Images the Following

n h 15s n 16s .. ie an Rice D.S. 1960s and 1950s the In , shows some of this influence, as well asof influence, the this well, showssome as - Bulhān ,

eetn e Himmels des Regenten Kitāb al Kitāb , “Classical Mythology in Media Mythologyin “Classical ,

have never been reconciled with Saxl’s transmission theories, and this and theories, transmission Saxl’s with reconciled been never have Abû Ma‘shar Abû -

ma oiis f lnt mgr. hs hv rmie uncontested remained have These imagery. planet of origins e ṭ āli‘

- Children’ in Turkish Manuscripts,” 526 Manuscripts,” Turkish in Children’ . 24 ’s

: More recently David Pingree (1933 Pingree David recently More

Introductorium maius Introductorium (London: University of Chicago Press, 1964), 70. 1964), Press, Chicago of (London: University srlgsh Ble i Mteatr n Renaissance und Mittelalter in Bilder Astrologische Ars Orientalis ArsOrientalis

Kit eval Art.” eval 10 āb al āb

1 (1954): 1 (1954): 1 - Ea ar diinly salse a established additionally Baer Eva d Bulhān

transmission of images of the planets the of images of transmission , 5. , Picatrix

. . 27 – 25 39.

Th In his 2011 article, “Reading article, 2011 his In

. – e writings of writings e 28 533; D. S. Rice, “The Seasons Seasons “The Rice, S. D. 533;

The Picatrix

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Abû Ma‘shar Abû

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CEU eTD Collection Conference, Forum Humanities Graduate Annual Eighth “Origins,” 2008). 28, Feb., ofPennsylvania, University (seminar, Planets,’” 2010) the 11, of 10, ‘Children July Studies, Medieval University for diss., Centre the and 1400 Art, Arts European in Planets’ the of ‘Children the of “Depictions title: and similar a by dissertation Humanities the in Research for Univers Soul,” the of Threads and Schemes Painted Astrology: “Imagining conference at 31 30 1998 & Studies, Texts &Renaissance 29 1). hurdy 15 the of s trades can we examples elaborate more the of some In professions. and activities well. as function bir character, same the shared all that individuals of group a among themselves place to where identity,” corporate “categorizing perio modern the of ‘Children 1400 Planets’ the of Depictions Sociology: as “Astrology paper, conference 2010 a hands capture to use into ineveryday divine, and it toput the life. ownhis use to desire man’s ofidea the reflects that individual exemplary Renaissance by an capable was yet m throughpractical spheres, divine the of influences the under lived individual the where time, that at emerging was that theology and science to approach particular very the marks u be could nature melancholic child ofSaturn himself). a being (he sign” “bad a under born are we if even medicine, and science through planet to tools with planets’ the ‘childrenof as mankind the in those mirror that figures planetary

See, Klibansky, Panofsky, and Saxl, and Klibansky,Panofsky, See, Geoffr in “Introduction,” Clark, John and Kaske Carol th sign, or vocation. T vocation. or sign, th

- gurdy, even a street magician demonstrating the ‘cups and balls’ routine (see Image (see routine balls’ and ‘cups the demonstrating magician street a even gurdy, e the The Children of y Shamos, Shamos, y – t udrtn te cec o te oms ad a ee a oil ol for tool social a even was and cosmos, the of science the understand to d 1600,” Geoffrey Shamos discussed how this motif helped people in the early early the in people helped motif this how discussed Shamos Geoffrey 1600,” f enyvna Piaepi, n.d.); Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, of th

Each planet, among its other correspondences, sympathized with different with sympathized correspondences, other its among planet, Each

“Astrology as Sociology: Depictions of the Children of the Planets 1400 Planets the of Children the of Depictions Sociology: as “Astrology century, a manuscript copier, an icon illuminator, a musician playing a playing musician a illuminator, icon an copier, manuscript a century, eans of magic to manipulate the confines of destiny. This was an attemptanwas destiny.This ofconfines the manipulate magicto of eans 29

herefore

Ficino introduced a new quality to the children of Saturn, wherequality achildrenFicino a introduced totheof new Planets motif was a scientific, a religious, and a practical tool. a tool. religious, practical and a a was scientific, Planets motif

e oaddvu scholarship. devout toward sed ). Saturn and Melancholy and Saturn

the Children of the Planets had Planets the of Children the 31

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also, also,

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“Lords of Lords: Courtly Depictions of the the of Depictions Courtly Lords: of “Lords , Marsilio Ficino (New York: Medieval Medieval York: (New Ficino Marsilio , 30

This character of Ficino’s of character This

an important sociological important an ity of Bristol Institute Institute Bristol of ity – 1600,” (lecture (lecture 1600,” – e popular ee 1600,” (PhD 1600,” ;

his In CEU eTD Collection Philosophy Renaissance in Cosmos 34 1984). 33 Institutes 32 of all these thingsuponit. looking when knowledge imparting thereby each, to corresponding ideas the expressing symbols, colors, A depictions. time. the of thought religious the in images counterparts. mundane their and objects heavenly between t used was It thought. modern early in visual the into intellectual the put to striving this of example an is Planets symbols.” visible for strives rather but itself within enclosed remain concerning thoughts basic the t man of relationship the and by destiny, freedom, influenced were pageants festival even when time a life; filled and dominated forms intellectual when time a was “This it. popularized that (orgod) influence ofthein form ofa toperform order spellin atask. power their them from down draw to order in was forms multiple in planets the depicting the world,” this in activities commencing for auspicious astr ‘catarchic of most moments the choosingfor rules provide to ordinaryastrology,attemptsof determinism heading the under falls Planets the of of forces the with, accordance Fortune,over ofGod. thustriumphing example, her,will and For theChildren practicing the in or upon, operate to able be would scholar knowing

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43 (1980): 7. (1980): 43 iv

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‘child of the planet’ was the image of the god of the planet with the artifacts, the with planet the of god the of image the was planet’ the of ‘child srlg i te easac: h Zda o Life of Zodiac The Renaissance: the in Astrology

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(New York: Harper/Row, 1963). 1963). (New Harper/Row, York: the Philosophy of the Renaissance,” in Renaissance,” the of Philosophy the

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The Children of the of Children The 33 The Individual and the and Individual The the significance of of significance the

CEU eTD Collection 2003), Press, University Jagiellonian Century 38 Nineteenth the to 57. 2010), Springer, Antiquity from Work his of Criticism 37 Jagie Śnieżyńska Ewa 36 Bulhān 35 for sources, Arabic by on commented and translated been having reproduced, and known universe. the of understanding improved model geometrical provided and literatures astronomical earlier adapted and collected Ptolemy Ages. Middle the dominate would that model astronomical points some in differed aspects astrological (7 Egyptian the Rhetorius and AD) 14 (c. came correspondences earthly their planets. the of positions and he where system, thesis. this in discuss will we which Climes, and Terms, Decans, the of descriptions have we that the and Ma‘shar (Abû planets Sto motif. the informed have that texts astrological of traditions the at looking d’Othéa Épître Wond of (Book 1399 the in images anomalous those being examples earliest the century, 15th the of beginning the at us to come Planets the of Children the of appearances first The

Stephan Heilen, “Ptolemy’s D “Ptolemy’s Heilen, Stephan We will speak in Chapter II about the two other Ottoman examples, which are derived from the from derived are which examples, Ottoman other two the about II Chapter in speak will We She compares thi compares She w Śnieżyńska Ewa o epan that explains lot llonian University Press, 2003), 10. 2003), Press, University llonian . 37

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CEU eTD Collection 42 41 567. Ferrara,” Schifanoia, Palazzo the in Astrology International and Art “Italian Warburg, and Art”; Mediaeval in Mythology “Classical 40 R 39 terms Greek similar from derivation their between terms two the distinguish diffe used being terms the of examples some see to begin we when century, 14th the until probably interchangeably throughout Theantiquity. ‘astronomy’were terms out late and wecan ‘astrology’ used point the number ofnew new from moonto moon phases al (manazil Mansions astro to scientists Arabic theory.” this elucidate century, o Oddities the and Creation of entitled work cosmological Chart center. as universe the of conceived astrologers “Islamic world. antique the throughout familiar was system This epicycles. by modified motion circular uniform concerning refinements additional and spheres 10 simplified a have circl concentric 55 of up made model the Aristotelian with compared be can that universe the of model heliocentric a follow They world. the on planets the of influences the describe works astrological these Ptolemy, derived. is motif Planets the of Children the accompanies commonly that text the that work this from is it and eras, modern early maius Introductorium (787 Ma‘shar Abû by example, eligions and Dynasties (On the Great Conjunctions) Great (Onthe Dynasties and eligions

Carboni, Carboni, Carboni, Blazekovic, “Variations on the Theme of the Planet’s Children,” 244, fn. 6. See also, also, See 6. fn. 244, Children,” Planet’s the of Theme the on “Variations Blazekovic, ej Ymmt ad hre Burnett, Charles and Yamamoto Keiji hs taiin o astrology of traditions These was was Following the Stars the Following Stars the Following Ptolemy’s fud n eivl manuscripts medieval in found s nomy is the study of the rotation of the moon…The system of the Lunar the of system moon…The the of rotation the of study the is nomy

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century is seen in such works as works such in seen centuryis - Manuel Ballesta, Ballesta, Manuel , all accessed on April 17, 2012. For a Spanish edition see, Ramon Llull, Llull, Ramon see, edition Spanish a For 2012. 17, April on accessed all , .

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Phanes Press Phanes 1:16 graaff, “Sympathy or the Devil: Renaissance Magic and the Ambivalence of Idols,” of Ambivalence the and Magic Renaissance Devil: the or “Sympathy graaff,

Vincent Hunink, “Apuleius and the ‘Asclepius the and “Apuleius Hunink, Vincent Mahé, Mahé, frt ae coste hlrno h lnt truh ehp uepce route. unexpected perhaps a through Planets the of Children the across came first I Brian P. Copenhaver, ed. ed. Copenhaver, P. Brian The The v , val of astrology in the 15 the in astrology of val – h Aceis te efc Dsore f ems Trismegistus Hermes of Discourse Perfect the Asclepius: The 20. l 1 ol. Eternal Hermes: From Greek God to Alchemical Magus Alchemical to God Greek From Hermes: Eternal

Hermès en Haute en Hermès lation, with Notes and Introduction and Notes with lation, The Nag Hammadi Scriptures: The International Edition International The Scriptures: Hammadi Nag The ,

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Pasquale Arfé, “The Annotations of Nicolaus Cusanus and Giovanni Giovanni and Cusanus Nicolaus of Annotations “The Arfé, Pasquale ,

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Q Pictn Pictn nvriy rs, 96. otr J. Wouter 1986). Press, University Princeton (Princeton:

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CEU eTD Collection 78 Art Religion and Philosophy, Natural 77 Ficino, 1959 Marsilio letters. his of many in indicated is which 76 wisdom ancient of student as philosopher, a astrologer, an scholar, a was Europe.” of rest the to it revealed and genius of man melancholy the of idea the to shape gave really who was it “He Saturn. of child a being the Ficino to reinvigoratin attributed They literature. and the art i.e., Renaissance ‘melancholia,’ through of nature, Saturnine path the traced Saxl Fritz and Panofsky, Erwin Klibansky, tres libri greatvita all how work first showing his in qualities life, these emphasized and Saturn, devotional under born were philosophers a and scholarship, wisdom, like planet, the old poverty, death, pain, with example, for Planets, the of Children the of depictions in associated star,’ bad ‘a be to generallybelieved was Saturn birth. his of moment the at rising,Saturn with horizon, the on Saturn,” of “child a was himself Ficino by. influenced be to are we planet each of qualities what choose can one that add to sure made he But birth. their at planets the of arrangement the to destiny person’s each related understan an on heavily relied He creature. living a as world whole the understood that one was and universe, Ptolemaic a on based was cosmography Ficino’s as act can inthefollowingpossible section. understo planets was this the how how or correspondences, at mundane their look through will intermediaries We fate. own the his/her point which governs at individual itself, planet the becoming to practice, and formulas through lead,

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intellect became a general metaphysical principle integrated into a unified universal unified a into integrated principle metaphysical general a became intellect

- (1463 Arabic Cosmology” (lecture at Medieval Studies Department, Central European European Central Department, Studies Medieval at (lecture Cosmology” Arabic

VI. Pico dellaMirandola’s –

44, h infamous the 1494),

causal and spatial system, in which the anthropological model of body of model anthropological the which in system, spatial and causal

l. Ficino practiced, if only in his writings, the belief that that belief the writings, his in only if practiced, Ficino l. ) addresses exactly our subject here. Frances Yates said said Yates Frances here. subject our exactly addresses ) Hermann of Carinthia of Hermann character of Renaissance magic, of the new type of of type new the of magic, Renaissance of character 39 , 86. ,

humanist humanist hich was incidentally ushered in through the through in ushered incidentally was hich

127 De homnis dignitate De homnis

128

philosopher There he treats the topics of free of topics the treats he There athodaimon.”

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126

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Pico, Pico, Pico, Pico, ivni io el Mirandola, della Pico Giovanni On the Dignity Man of Dignity Onthe Man of Dignity Onthe Man of Dignity Onthe man, is miracle great Asclepius” a confirms thisopinion. “What Trismegistus, Hermes of exclamation celebrated that And most him to seemed world, tha replied the wonder, of of say,evocative to so stage, this on what, asked being on Saracen the Abdala that Arabians the of writings ancient the in read have I Fathers, esteemed Most the than lower little but testimony angels. David's by and, world, the of hymn marriage very the of interpreter the is say),Persians the (asunion living time; the of flux the heunchanging timeless and the between intelligence, his of light the and reason his of inquiry the senses, his of acuteness the by that, him; beneath beings the of lord the is he as ma that 130 n is the intermediary between creatures, that he is the familiar of the gods above him above gods the of familiar the is he creatures,that intermediary thebetween is n

of immortal souls and set the fermentingdung and immortal souls setthe of

As therefore completely in contro in completely therefore

, , 8. , 5. , 3. clepius

n h Dgiy f Man of Dignity the On

and a touch of Platonic Orientalism,Platonic and a touchof had had astral orders astral

that G that t there was nothing to be seen more marvelous than man. than marvelous more seen be to nothing was there t 129 him share accordingly in everything that God had had God that everything in accordingly share him

131 od had run out of archetypes when he decided to decided he when archetypes of out run had od

Man was at first formless, without imprint like imprint without formless, first at was Man 40 132

, beginning with beginning ,

Pico’s philosophy has a striking difference striking a has philosophy Pico’s tas A Rbr Caponigri Robert A. trans. ,

l of his own free will. will. free own his of l

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ῶ Pico, Pico, Kaske and Clark, “Introduction,” “Introduction,” Clark, Kaskeand Yates, Zambelli, Pico, ough magical praxis, even using talismans and star images, just as she thought Ficino Ficino thought she as just images, star and talismans using even praxis, magical ough θι

σεαυτόν On the Dignity of Dignity Onthe Man of Dignity Onthe ” Giordano Bruno and theTradition Hermetic and Bruno Giordano 133 se Pico’s ussed White Magic, Black Magic Black WhiteMagic,

Like Augustine, Pico was willing to undermine the determination of the stars instars the of determination the undermine to willingwas Pico LikeAugustine, ε ἶ

e is also an extreme piety throughout this work of Pico’s, where theology is theology where Pico’s, of work this throughout piety extreme an also is e (

gnosi sauton gnosi ηέ άγαν μηδέν ( ei ,

hu r) rpeetn ntrl hlspy obnd ih theology. with combined philosophy natural representing art), thou

Man ai naturalis magia

, , 21 , 13. ) would seem to contradict the astrological ele astrological the contradict to seem would ) Disputationes adversus astrologiam divin astrologiam adversus Disputationes

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41 , 89. , ohn i ecs) big oa philosophy, moral being excess), in nothing , 54. ,

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(

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Zambelli, White Magic, Black Magic, 3. 3. Magic, Black Magic, White Zambelli, Paola Zambelli, White Magic, Black Black Magic, Zambelli,White Paola Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Mirandola, della Pico Giovanni Yates ht Mgc Bak ai i te uoen Renaissance European the in Magic Black Magic, White , irao rn ad h Hrei Tradition Hermetic the and Bruno Giordano 141 De vita coelitus comparanda coelitus vita De

iio ee tog h cam t dsigih amnc ai fo natural from magic daemonic distinguish to claims he though even Ficino, u utmtl, tik w ms as dsigih oe motn differences important some distinguish also must we think, I ultimately, But , IV (New York: Columbia University Press, 1953 [1923]) 1953 Press, University Columbia IV , (New York: 139

i itrs ws n ‘ihr fr o patc. hr ae many are There practice. of form ‘higher’ a in was interest His

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f prl ntrl ai, ih o noain of invocation no with magic, natural purely a of and they sought to allow for the synthesis of various of synthesis the for allow to sought they and , gives very specific details about how to use one’s one’s use to how about details specific very gives ,

and Ficino, as Paola Zambelli has done in her her in done has Zambelli Paola as Ficino, and

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138 Mag Zambelli

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White Magic, Black Magic Black WhiteMagic,

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142

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CEU eTD Collection r 145 144 ( 143 the to activities human specific assigning of tradition astrological Arabic the traditions: two of conflation “a be to images Planets the of Children the believed he where planets, the of his than specific more was which Planets, the of Children the of transmission the for scribe individual an of inventions attest the of copy the between connection manuscripts, the magic, the via transmitted were cult this of aspects Islam; of days of city the of o cult elements pagan Harran…where unique the in found be could thought, he step, intermediary The writing. of god the Naboo, name the bore Mercury planet the where Babylon, ancient t iconographical these that argued boldly “He sources. ancient to them link would that iconography, constellation the with names” their planets the lent who gods an with mediev late beginning time, the “that concluded, over first he though Even changed Babylon. ancient to planets back lineage uninterrupted the of iconography the for theory Rembra introduction. our in mentioned we as subject, the on research Saxl’s Fritz with began planets the of iconography the of study The 2011): ö mischen Bibliotheken mischen

Duits, “Reading the Stars of the Renaissance: Fritz Saxl and Astrology,” 3. Astrology,” and Saxl Fritz Renaissance: ofStarsthe the “Reading Duits, Duits, “Reading the Stars of the Renaissance: F Renaissance: the of Stars the “Reading Duits, Fritz Saxl, Saxl, Fritz

o n mre ifune rm n Aai sucs bt okd ahr o e the be to rather looked but sources, Arabic any from influence marked any to 3.

l mgs f h paes r ic are planets the of images al Picatrix Ghaya Verzeichnis astrologischer und mythologischer Handschriften des lateinischen Mittelalters in in Mittelalters lateinischen des Handschriften mythologischer und astrologischer Verzeichnis 145

partly .”

(Heidelberg: Carl Winters, 1915), xiii 1915), Winters, Carl (Heidelberg:

144 was discovered in discovered was

because of the Kraków the of because The Children of Children The the Manuscripts Planets in

Ghāyat al Ghāyat

al erce ti ve i hs 95 aaou o astrological of catalogue 1915 his in view this retracted Saxl Bblna atooy eotdy uvvd ni wl it the into well until survived reportedly astrology Babylonian f

(see Images12 (see ypes could be traced back straight to the planet deities of deities planet the to straight back traced be could ypes - Ḥ akīm Chapter 2 Cracow 143

and the Latin the and

ritz Saxl and Astrology,” and Saxl ritz he looked for a lineage, as he would later find later would he as lineage, a for looked he onographicall 44 Picatrix ndt Duits points out that Saxl’s transmission Saxl’s that out points Duits ndt

(BJ 793). The illustrations however did not did however illustrations The 793). (BJ – 18) –

xiv. . This resulted in Saxl’s revised theory revised Saxl’s in resulted This . . Warburg had recently discovered thediscovered recently had Warburg .

Picatrix fr eoe fo te classical the from removed far y 11

, and in 1912 an illustrated an 1912 in and , Journal of Art Historiography Art of Journal th

etr Aai bo on book Arabic century

theory theory

5 CEU eTD Collection 150 3. 2011), Press, University 149 148 147 146 pl seven the of each by governed world the of regions different those Climes, the side along professions the described that writings of a tradition saw He models. Islamic from part in came Planets the of Children the that suspicions imagery. Italian the create to combined and adapted Salone the which invention, Arabic an was motif Planets the of Children the in formation 25) Image (see the in as motif, the of examples some in seen form tabular the about details cult one than more of he lineage shared a influence, therefore and influences in parallel were there interested that say to here still attempted was Saxl if Even iconographies. new and knowledge an have we difference work recent his in mentions Belting ( glances” of “exchange the like something to theory this compare sy a into lastlyand West, the to depictions, Hellenistic to reliefs tomb Oriental from separat with texts of transmission intercultural an of than rather images of transmission intercultural direct a of terms in thinking be should we that again once declared also he themselves, planets the spit “In Planets. the of Children the with approach same the attempted still he theory, transmission uninterrupted an through planets the of iconography the explain to failed ultimately Saxl though even that out points Duits d omains of the planets, and the W the and planets, the of omains

Duits, “Reading the Stars of the Renaissance: Fritz Saxl and Astrology,” 6. Astrology,” and Saxl Fritz Renaissance: ofStarsthe the “Reading Duits, 5. Astrology,” and Saxl Fritz Renaissance: ofStarsthe the “Reading Duits, Duits, “Reading the Stars of the Renaissance: Fritz Saxl and Astrology,” 7. Astrology,” and Saxl Fritz Renaissance: ofStarsthe the “Reading Duits, Saxl Panofskyand Hans Belting, Belting, Hans Finally , Florence and Baghdad: Renaissance Art and Arab Science Arab and Art Renaissance Baghdad: and Florence

and the frescos of the Paduan Salone Paduan the of frescos the and Saxl theorized a parallel transmission of the Children of the Planets images Planets the of Children the of transmission parallel a theorized Saxl e illustration traditions in eache traditions in illustration culture.” , “Classical Myt “Classical , ure in the planetary iconographies. Later Saxl added to this theory some theory this to added Saxl Later iconographies. planetary the in ure

exchange of ideas between cultures that produces new forms of of forms new produces that cultures between ideas of exchange

hology in Mediaeval Art,” 242, 244. 242, Art,” Mediaeval in hology nthesis of East and West in Italian fresco imagery. We could We imagery.Italian fresco in West and East of nthesis estern pictorial tradition pictorial estern lrne n Baghdad and Florence e of his own earlier failure with the iconography of of iconography the with failure earlier own his of e 45

148

anets. Saxl pointed to other depictions other to pointed Saxl anets. 31) Image (see

150 then through Arabic texts via Spain via texts Arabic through then 147

al ha Saxl of the labours of the months.” the of labours the of

. 149

(Cambridge: Belknap of Harvard Harvard of Belknap (Cambridge:

a od esn o his for reason good a d nta o ifune and influence of Instead Blickwechsel , saying that this graph graph this that saying , Kitāb al Kitāb ) that Hans Hans that ) - Bulhān 146

CEU eTD Collection 66. Also, Laura Collins, “Tale of the Waq Waq Tree” (9/1/08), accessed May 27, 2012, 2012, 27, May accessed (9/1/08), Tree” Waq Waq the of “Tale Collins, 154 Laura http://surlalunefairytales.yuku.com/topic/750 Also, 66. Savage Emilie and Edison Evelyn beings human like shaped are tree that of roots the and issue, to heard are voices human to similar voices fall, and spring the in which, from tree another be to said is [India] place same 153 series in(Leiden) their Press Brill by published thatbe isto 2 May on accessed 152 978 (ISBN: 2012 151 Hans and Saxl confinement. and illness mental Warburg’s during direction its over taking and Institute Warburg age at death early his being one reasons, of number a to due was This Planets. the of Children the explain fully to able throu Renaissance the from groups th mapping in evidence of amounts great Climes.” planets, the of names the with along Professions,” the on discourse co to able be to text accompanying enough lack illustrations. missing indicates text the as time, one the in illustrated not are planets al Kitāb 90). C. Arab. MS mula the in professions the to related Climes the of descriptions earlier to point can We wrong. were assumptions Saxl’s mean not does rare are examples Ottoman 788), M. (PM York New in example another with along that, time the at know BN Felicity,’ of ‘Book or Lordship,’ of al manuscript, Paris the in those manuscripts, Islamic in Planets the of Children the of -

A mythical tree that be that tree mythical A a is There See English commentary in Savage in commentary English See Emilie Savage Emilie ma ṭ

al āli‘ al āli‘ - - Bulhān ’uy n nie i cntlain hoy wee e ucee cmrhniey n with and comprehensively succeeded he where theory, constellation his Unlike Turkish

facsimile edition of this manuscript. this of edition facsimile - sa‘āda wa sa‘āda - - 84

Smith and Yossef Rapoport, eds., Rapoport, Yossef and Smith ( 9, 2012, 9, , as in as , Book of Curiosities, 12 Curiosities, of Book - 96400 152 translations derived from the the from derived translations

ars fruit that looks like human like looks fruit that ars This is a richly illustrated text, sharing some motifs with that of the of that with motifs some sharing text, illustrated richly a is This - the figure of the ‘Waq Waq Tree. Waq ‘Waq the of figure the 36 http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/bookofcuriosities L -

yanābī‘ al yanābī‘ bay mngn is eoain rm abr t Lno, and London, to Hamburg from relocation its managing ibrary, - 8).

- Smith, Smith,

58, as well as his continual dedication to maintaining the the maintaining to dedication continual his as well as 58, - Smith and Rapoport, and Smith Kitāb Gharā’ib al Gharā’ib Kitāb gh the middle ages and back to a to back and ages middle the gh - Medieval Views of the Cosmos the of Views Medieval Sayyāda -

.T8KnD66C_3A th F The Book of Felicity: Matali’ al Matali’ Felicity: of Book The /13

Suppl. Turc. 242) Turc. Suppl.

dvlpet f h ioorpy f h star the of iconography the of development e The Book of Curiosities: A critical edition edition critical A Curiosities: of Book The 46 th (‘Book of ascensions of bliss and the fountains the and bliss ofascensions of (‘Book

beings. Greer an Greer beings. c. MS, composed before 1050 AD, Bodleian AD, 1050 before composed MS, c.

Studies on Islamic Manuscripts Islamic on Studies The Book of Curiosities of TheBook 154 iā al Kitāb - pr, ny aig h bif il, “A title, brief the having only mpare, fun n .

The ’ , though they would have been at been have would they though , 153 Kitāb al Kitāb - d Warnock, Warnock, d Bulhān

(see Image 29) Image (see . Also, Rapoport and Savage and Rapoport Also, . Unfor iā Gharā’i Kitāb

. (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2004), 2004), Library, Bodleian (Oxford:

For an interesting discuss interesting an For - Bulhān ntiquity, Saxl was never was Saxl ntiquity, tunately the Climes and Climes the tunately Bt ut eas the because just But . and “A discourse of the of discourse “A and - saadet , fol. 16a, fn. 16a, fol. , 3. Picatrix , Barcelona: Moliero, Barcelona: ,

illustrations also illustrations .

al b . , 4.7, 274: “In the “In274: the 4.7, , 151 (March 2007), 2007), (March

- He did not did He these were these u wa fun n

ion see see ion - Kit Smith Smith āb - CEU eTD Collection 157 Review Historical English The Ages Middle Latin 156 2003). Press, University Jagiellonian 155 almanacs. astrological Ma‘shar Abû from details few a draw however do descriptions Their imagination. lively Scotus’ spontaneous likely more are they that argued has Blume recently more models, Oriental on based be to Saxl by thought originally were type Scotus The f.22v Baw.46, vocations and styles medieval imitate that illustrations contain writings Scotus’ Michael Ovid. of writings o (or horses by drawn chariots in riding shown typically are and deities, Greek corresponding The planets. the of images modern the Picatr ( manuscript Planets Śnieżyńska Aratea astrol are invaluable London. of raid bombing a during 1941 in well as death untimely an having Meier authors, both of posthumously only published was models, three into iconography planet the categorized the of publication Meier hr raue occasionally) creatures ther

Blume, T. S. R. Boase, Boase, R. S. T. w Śnieżyńska Ewa extremely helpful when comparing various examples. They described three types of of types three described They examples. various comparing when helpful extremely ogical manuscripts that contained imagery of the planets: 1) those derived from the the from derived those 1) planets: the of imagery contained that manuscripts ogical ix , 2) images derived from Michael Scotus’s works, 3) those from Oriental works. Ewa works. Oriental from those 3) works, Scotus’s Michael from derived images 2) , Meier and Saxl and Meier , . 155

“Michael Scot, Giotto, and the Construction of New Images of the Planets,” 135. the ImagesPlanets,” of ofNew the and Construction Giotto, Scot, “Michael Śnieżyńska

and the three categories in which we can place examples of planet illustrations planet of examples place can we which in categories three the and - o hc se ds w mr ctgre: ) h iae i a Aû Ma‘shar Abû an in images the 4) categories: more two adds she which to tlt ie u a la dsrpin f hs ctgre i hr work her in categories these of description clear a us gives Stolot Fendulus, - – 23v; Vienna 2352, f. 27r f. 2352, Vienna 23v; ,

“ Manuscripts in English Libraries, English in Manuscripts - ig bso, ngt scholar knight, bishop, king, Stolot, Stolot, Review of of Review - Stolot ’s contribution to the studies of the iconography of the planets is still is planets the of iconography the of studies the to contribution ’s srlgcl cngah i te ide gs Te eaa Planets Decanal The Ages: Middle the in Iconography Astrological lae 93 f 32r f. 3983, Sloane

70, no. 274 (Jan. 1955): 99. 1955): 274 no. (Jan. 70, Catalogue of Astrological and Mythological Illuminated Manuscripts of the of Manuscripts Illuminated Mythological and Astrological of Catalogue

hr ctlge f srlgcl mgs 15) wee they where (1953), images astrological of catalogue third onst ifrneta mre ewe h eivl and medieval the between emerges that difference a to points

se mg 47) Image (see 157

retl oes r se ete i gah om r in or form graph in either seen are models Oriental - 31v; Kraków 573, f. 215r; Zurich c 54, f. 24v f. 54, cZurich 215r; f. Kraków573, 31v; 47 Aratea

- vol. iii, by Fritz Saxl, Hans Meier, and Harry Bober, Harry and Meier, Hans Saxl, Fritz by iii, vol. 9) ad ) hs iae o te Kraków the of images those 5) and 49v), , . These images correspond to the popular popular the to correspond images These .

etc.

se mg 51) Image (see ye mtt acet oes f the of models ancient imitate type Wrzw a (Warszawa creations based on on based creations

c 9802. kc.

Decanal (Cracow: 156 - 30v).

but ”

CEU eTD Collection 160 Proche du manuscrits les dans représentations ses de et zodiaque du histoire une Âge: Moyen au d’orient ciel du Images Paris.” de 174 persan manuscrit 159 158 lo 101v). will We Aratea Johannes specifically d’Abano, Peitro of exampl special A 32r). wellaseach planet to correspondsthethat signand constellations both shows 1483) in Leipzig in (created Scotus Michael on commentary Sacrobosco’s Johannes correspondences animal have that see we and Caiozzo (dogs animals on sitting are figures humanoid 15 from miniatures Persian some are to These similar author. the to according source, different a on based each earlier, mentioned Blume. Dieter frescos Paduan the in seen as imagerylater, Ma‘shar Abû the of some of source the been mayhave illustrations Saxl type. Scotus Michael the from these separates Śnieżyńska Zodiac. the to relationship a show also they where type, Scotus the to of abbreviations illustrated face) round a as Moon with warrior man Indian an as (Saturn earlier mentioned we as reliefs circular

Blume, Śnieżyńska Anna Caiozzo, “Rituels théophaniques imagés et pratiques magiques: les anges planétaires dans le le dans planétaires anges les magiques: pratiques et imagés théophaniques “Rituels Caiozzo, Anna

and possibly even Harranian even possibly and

- (see Image 33) Image (see “Michael “Michael Orient musulman Orient , -

Stolot, Stolot, for example in the in example for a severed a

158 (see Image 25, 34) 25, Image (see Scot, Giotto, and the Construction of New Images of the Planets,” 138. the ImagesPlanets,” of ofNew the and Construction Giotto, Scot,

ok at shortly. this text As The

se mg 31) Image (see trological Iconography in the Middle Middle Ages the in Iconography trological

e are the images that accompany the text of the of text the accompany that images the are e .

human head human (Paris: Presses de l’Université de Paris de l’Université de Presses (Paris: Picatrix 159

Studia Iranica Studia se mg 25) Image (see In the 15 the In Ma‘shar Abû

Housebook ie fu image four gives . These figures exhibit their ow their exhibit figures These . on them as emblems of each planet each of emblems as them on ; wih s cness ged pn oa a se in seen as today upon agreed consensus a is which , th 160

Venus, a Venus,

century, says says century,

29 (2000): 230, pl. 40 [ 40 pl. 230, (2000): 29 models of deities of models ’s Introductorium maius Introductorium . , figures on horseback in the sky, holding flags holding sky, the in horseback on figures ,

Angelus’ 48 Fendulus’s Fendulus’s th n

brs los dragons), lions, birds, , ud n 16 and

o ec planet each of s player Śnieżyńska ;

dto, hr te mgs combine images the where edition,

uie, sae dignitary seated a Jupiter, and Meier speculated that Scotus’ Scotus’ that speculated Meier and th , - Sorbonne, 2003) [ 2003) Sorbonne, 34.

Liber ; (Budapest, Germ. 2, f. 20v; C, f. C, 20v; f. 2, Germ. (Budapest, etr manuscripts century Warburg

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- Stolot a ) shows a similar tendency similar a shows ) n features for each planet, each for features n strologiae

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Warburg (see Image 1, 2, 4) 2, 1, Image (see codn t Anna to according . Also, Anna Caiozzo, Caiozzo, Anna Also, .

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and Sun and Sun and FAF 700]. ;

as a Mars, - Stolot 9 as ,

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CEU eTD Collection 17 the probably in 162 161 the from derived depiction common more the is as fish, two holds he here though figures, Jupiter two shows Pisces of the of manuscript similar is illustration ( Terms Planetary five the with sits Jupiter minor This are figures ‘al Arabic, in Jupiter accompanying Jupiter other. planeteach the of threeversionsJupiter” influenceof the under Decan second the in Jupiter, and Pisces of sign the under born is who him on discourse 38) the of illustrations the in form Planets the of Children the the in illustrations howeve Planets the of Children The the celestialplanets objects, themselves. the with associated were they that later much until not was it depicted, often course, of were, are they that gods the though Even Iran. probably 1153, 12 the until art in

Carboni, Carboni, Carboni, . In those of the Ke the of those In . s ih n o mr ocptos ad t proaiy vle fo tee various these from evolved personality its and occupations, more or characteristics. one with as well as area, geographical and week, the of day color, particular a with associated soon was the of representations signs the those so, as of the of Zodiac. Based, once again, onGre more not in if necessary, as was that personifications of system a era, therefore and fundamental, Islamic was the to closer planetsthe of role the IslamicastrologyIn appearance.human a given on, were theythemselves later only was It Stefano Carboni writes that interestingly the planets themselves were not personified not were themselves planets interestinglythe that writes Carboni Stefano is seen as a fisherman, trying to catch the ‘Big Fish’ (which is what Pisces is called is Pisces what is (which Fish’ ‘Big the catch to trying fisherman, a as seen is wee uie st i a nimbus a in sits Jupiter where ,

Following the Stars the Following Following the Stars the Following

halo (see Image(see36) - u’, h i cnesn wt a iue bv hm as Jptr Tee two These Jupiter. also him, above figure a with conversing is who hut’), th ed, the one above looks down at the other. Beneath them is anoth is them Beneath other. the at down looks above one the ed,

century. Kitâb al Kitâb th Kitāb al Kitāb

161 etr, h eris eape en a isrbd rne irr from mirror bronze inscribed an being example earliest the century,

ir Collection ir

. The illustration found in the same treatise of the treatiseof same the infound illustration The . - ,6. , 5. This manuscript, produced in Cairo around 1300 AD, was illustrated later, later, illustrated was AD, 1300 around Cairo in produced manuscript, This 5. , Mawalid - Bulhān constellation

(see Image 25) Image (see ( (Image 36) (Image BNF d nt per a w hv si, ni te 1399 the until said, have we as appear, not do r

(rathe

arabe ih singula a with

ta the than r 2583 Abû Ma Abû 2583 we se we . We can see a potential predecessor to predecessor potential a see can We . e for example in a depiction of depiction a in example for e ḥ ad

fish r associated with in classical times times classical in with associated Kitāb al Kitāb ū sign d ) in a row beneath the central the beneath row a in ) ‘ i te ale illustrations) earlier the in , shar) se mg 37) Image (see ek sources, each planetalso - Mawālīd 162

of the second Decansecondthe of Kitāb al Kitāb

(see Image 36, 36, Image (see . In another another In . er Jupiter. Jupiter. er - Bulhān planets

“the

CEU eTD Collection 163 awaregoverned ofthe ofthe features planets different thattheir nativity. harne be could divine. the of concepts with individualism harmonizing toward time the of thought the in trend a from stems motif the of popularity the that is belief My g a allowed that philosophy a promoting for device a as served Planets the of Children the way this In follow. to and from m the of purpose different have can is, planet a that that ways planet, or possibilities the of aspect different a represents child planet each because destiny. own his of making the in choice a has individual the that idea the portrays it attributes each. associated with and character, artifacts, colors, the planet, each of features the showing correspondences, qualities the exhibit and professions, human the performing depicted are figures planet The printed. be to things first the of one even is and illuminations, manuscript in popular very becomes motif this of examples any find not do We time. specific very a at motif popular a as emerge Planets the of Children The Planet these examples. the of Children the in famili see the we see we which and illustrations, that to similar is these of all in format (‘al Pisces of iconography

Carboni, Carboni,

The importance of the motif, as we have discussed in the prev the in discussed have we as motif, the of importance The Following the Stars the Following soitd ih ah lnt Te gnrly lutae dcrn of doctrine a illustrate generally They planet. each with associated I. The HeritagetheThe Contexts Manuscriptsand the Images of of sd n mr ngtv apcs ol b oepwrd f pro became person a if overpowered be could aspects negative more and ssed

otif was therefore to provide provide to therefore was otif

,47. - samakatan,’ meaning ‘two fish’) ‘two meaning samakatan,’

reater amount of freewill in the understanding of astrology of understanding the in freewill of amount reater

in manuscripts before the turn of the 15 the of turn the before manuscripts in ar features of the planet deities shared between all of of all between shared deities planet the of features ar 50 influence over persons born under them. The them. under born persons over influence

different

aso iefrpol o choose to people for life of ways

(see Image 38) Image (see

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century. The motif motif The century. . 163

The tabular The

This is This . CEU eTD Collection in damage after repainted been having (but Giotto to attributed Padua, in Ragione ser Planets the of Children the informed have the to similar text a that thought Panofsky the like work a through divine influence dailyaffairs. into their bring to ways finding and planets the of spirits individual the of power the harnessing al Ghāyat following the in further explain chapter. to try will I that something is Planets the of Children motif. Planets the of Children the to relation Picatrix the threeversions, in workone speakingof h we In treatises. religious three examples isveryexamineclosely andmotif we the rare, when oriental the manuscripts and folkloric, astrological, various including collection a is that the in is example, earliest our also is and text, the from illustration independent an is it where places those of One text. any of independent is that motif a cases many in is tex it way the this In indirectly. to corresponding usually accompanies, it that texts the of independently functions motif the that note must We accompanies. it texts what exactly down track to is and Muslim. Christian, Jewish, confessions, different to ascribed are that works in and religion, and health, astrology, on works accompanying contexts, different many in motif the see a period Renaissance the ave, one Arabic and two Ottoman texts, we will come to see that we are really only only really are we that see to come will we texts, Ottoman two and Arabic one ave, The Children of the Planets motif gracefully sums up the astrological knowledge of knowledge astrological the up sums gracefully motif Planets the of Children The h asmto ta te iul oi someho motif visual the that assumption The

(Latin translation of the the of translation (Latin We find the motif next to many different texts, andpart do chapter will of this texts, many what to findWe next the motif different I think that this is an important connection becaus connection important an is this that think I - Ḥ akīm akīm Kitāb al Kitāb is the perfection of the self, which can be accomplished only by by only accomplished be can which self, the of perfection the is nd attests to the renewal of the faith in the stars. the in faith the of renewal the to attests nd Kitāb al Kitāb - Bulhān Ghāyat al Ghāyat -

Bulhān (Book of Well of (Book must be examined closely. Fritz Saxl and Erwin and Saxl Fritz closely. examined be must - Kitāb al Kitāb Kitāb al Kitāb Ḥ 51 akīm The relationship between the between relationship The ies found in the frescoes of the Palazzo della Palazzo the of frescoes the in found ies

)

- - - are something I would like t like would I something are B Bulhān Bulhān eing), which is an Arabic manuscript manuscript Arabic an is which eing), etrd no etr examples Western into entered w . The illustrations in the Kraków the in illustrationsThe . , perhaps its predecessor, would would predecessor, its perhaps , e one of the central ideas of the of ideas central the of one e

Interestingly, we we Interestingly, Picatrix o look at in at look o

the and the and only t

18 th

CEU eTD Collection 165 164 figures. personified Planets the broaderadefinition is chapter,there this in see will we asBut, Lat.209). entit manuscript Biblioteca Estense the in aschildren, his/her from page facing the on seen is planet the sometimes pattern, basic this to variations 1406 Pisan’s de Christine be to lay this for prototype The beneath. children’ ‘planet the than larger is and pictur the of top the at highlighted is figure planet planeta smaller of series a by accompanied deities personified as planets seven the of traditions t Itis manuscripts. th see not do we sense, strict indifferentmotif examples. the of aspects dissimilar or shared the define us help will and Planets” the of “Children themes different potentially what firstly us tell will This Europe. throughout dispersion wider its in motif Planets the of Children the about detail into go start will I manuscripts. Islamic in unique work, Ottoman two the with along is, It motif. Planets the of Children scholars. both of assessment al Kitāb recent Carboni’s Stefano Comparing works. Italian by inspired were the on Rice D.S. century).

Carboni, Carboni, Saxl Panofskyand ry figures ry First, we should consider consider should we First, - 164 Bulhān Il Kitāb al Kitāb Il

This interesting suggestion would be difficult to mendwith theresearchThis interesting to suggestion done by wouldbe difficult ht nlds n image any includes that

hi dsoeis Crois eerh nwr, tik qetos se by asked questions think, I answers, research Carboni’s discoveries. their hs alet xml, h 1399 the example, earliest This 165 Kitāb al Kitāb , “Classical Mythology in Mediaeval Art,” 245. 245. Art,” Mediaeval Mythologyin “Classical , – hen that we start seeing a self a seeing start we that hen -

Bulhān di Oxford Bulhān o hs erir tde hls s o e i oe lc a comprehensive a place one in see to us helps studies earlier these to their children. This usually includes a specific page layout, where the where layout, page specific a includes usually This children. their This comes with us with comes This

- Bulhān

e motif before the turn of the 15 the of turn the before motif e Épître d’Othéa Épître , because at least some of the depictions in it he believed he it in depictions the of some least at because , .

o t define to how s age of the term ‘ term the of age

ht eit h crepnecs f lnt as planets of correspondences the depict that 52

contained illustration in various manuscript various in illustration contained here (see Image 42) Image (see iā al Kitāb h Cide o te lnt mtf I the In motif. Planets the of Children the e, usually in a in usually e,

led with a closer look at this text before I before text this at look closer a with planet De SphaeraDe

- Bulhān

children’ to describe figures describe to children’ th . Of course there are many many are there course Of . Turkish

circle , century, and then only in in only then and century, is a special case of the the of case special a is

al ne te heading the under fall (1988) (1988) (see Image6 (see

or halo or for the Children of Children the for translations of th of translations out is considered is out research on the the on research ed somehow, ed – 11) (MS (MS is CEU eTD Collection 167 166 “ labeled Well of ‘Book or The independent ofany text. motif visual as functioning also Planets the of Children the of possibility the examine then therein. involved concepts the define to and examples Ottoman and Arabic the in is it that ideas and texts same the by accompanied is examples o Children the section following depicted inthe 15 Islamic manuscript other Islamic of examples the giving of tradition, iconography the in developments cultural to due time, this at appeared Planets the of Children the of images why of explanation alternative possible Arab an of translation Latin a work, Italian northern a in the in imagery the that was 1954, in Rice D.S. 15 the of turn the at only occur spontaneously Planets 793)category.(KrakówBJ tothis MS 832) Germ. Ma‘shar’s Abû children’ ‘planet term This motif. Planets the of Children the in included personifications individual resemble that art of works other in

Rice, “The Seasons and the Labors of the Months in Islamic Art,” 3. Art,” 3. Islamic in ofthe Months Labors the and Seasons “The Rice, Śnieżyńska Kitāb al Kitāb n h src sne hn e a ak “h de iaey f the of imagery does “Why ask, can we then sense strict the In This appear. they which in contexts the at look first should we Additionally, Kitāb al Kitāb - - Stolot, Stolot, n w cud d sm o te lnt iue lutain fo the from illustrations figure planet the of some add could we and Bulhān f the Planets motif. I would like to find out whether the motif in European in motif the whether out find to like would I motif. Planets the f Flo -

th Bulhān will be oriented then toward the purpose of elucidating the provenance of provenance the elucidating of purpose the toward then oriented be will - Astrological Iconography in the Middle Middle Ages the in Iconography Astrological B

res Astrologiae res century. eing,’ (MS Bodl. Or. 133), which can be translated as ‘Book ofWonderment’can as translated be Bodl. which Or.(MS 133),

by Abû Ma‘shar byAbû 167

is a compilation of several different texts, the first of which is which of first the texts, different several of compilation a is

(see Image 48) 48) Image (see II. 166 Kitāb al Kitāb

” on a folio preced folio a on ” 53 we see we iconographic themes that only began to be be to began only that themes iconographic

- Kitāb al Kitāb Bulhān ( Heidelberger Schicksalsbuch Heidelberger , for example, for , th Only after accomplishing this can we we can this accomplishing after Only

- , 33. , century?” One suggestion, given by given suggestion, One century?” Bulhān ic medical treatise. medical ic

ing the body of the work, made work, the of body the ing was influenced by imagery imagery by influenced was

applied to the images in images the to applied

hlrn f the of Children I will give one one give will I , Cod. Pal. Cod. , Picatrix

CEU eTD Collection translatio This 172 during belonged manuscript halfthe dispersed other of The bookstore. used lastyear), inParis a (died Unger de Edmund Collection, 171 t manuscripts, 14 late Collection, 170 169 168 of right the on column vertical the following T the in Jupiter of fragment of the images the like manuscripts, other in and here earlier, mentioned we full 12 showing one this miniatures Ma‘shar, Abû by work this of manuscripts illustrated of portrait a ( Nativities” of “Book the includes manuscript the of portion first The manuscript. particular this of copier and scribe by illustrated the of Isome important details discusshere.will found and Library, Bodleian the at thoroughly manuscript this examine to able was I under. by wo other one descriptions, accord

The Keir fragment is part of a dispersed manuscript. This portion was found by the owner of the Keir ofthe Keir owner was the by found portion This manuscript. dispersed a offragment Keir ispart The Carboni, Art,” 3. Islamic in ofthe Months Labors the and Seasons “The Rice, Carboni, Carboni, Carboni, Carboni, a

ae (17 later the siege of Sarajevo. Sarajevo. siegeof the eard school. Jelairid T n the In knowsmore.’ Allah cunning. are and strength great have They women. love They it. leave to want not do they like, they place a to attached become they When easily. annoyed get They effort. exert gain to tend they s little, work but to tend They proportioned, often. moods change well They easily. weight is physique Their Zodiac. the and in watery sign a to nocturnal belong they as moist, and cold is body Their tanned. become to tendency [AbûwiseMa‘shar]: theSaid ‘Thosedecadecomplundera bright bornhave this he manuscript was produced in Baghdad in produced wasmanuscript he Il Il

Following the Stars the Following olwn te Stars the Following (see Image 37) Image (see o the best of my knowledge. my ofthe best o n is Carboni’s taken from the BN from the taken Carboni’s nis Kitāb al Kitāb b Ma‘shar Abû ‘Alī Kitāb al Kitāb th iā al Kitāb

th Keir Collection. etr) cie ad hc te et f h cdx a cm t b headed be to come has codex the of rest the which and scribe, century)

c., Baghdad) show 36. These two examples are the earliest illustrations of this work in in work this of illustrations earliest the are examples two These 36. show Baghdad) c., to the Oriental Institute of Sarajevo, until it was destroyed was destroyed until it Sarajevo, of Institute the Oriental to - ibn al ibn Bulhān 172

168 - Mawālīd - See Carboni, Carboni, See Bulhān Bulhān

Hasan di Oxford Kitāb al Kitāb h itouto o te ok el u ta i ws opsd and composed was it that us tells work the of introduction The . 170 , 47: “Pisces 47: , , 5. Those illustrations in the manuscript of the Keir Collection (MS Keir Keir (MS Collection Keir the of manuscript the in illustrations Those 5. , n ltr luiain n h work the in illumination later a in

This is where we find the multiple images of the planets planets the of images multiple the find we where is This

171 , and given to his friend, Diya Husain al Husain Diya friend, his to given and , , in the form of a 7 x 8 column graph. The planets are in a a in are planets The graph. column 8 x 7 a of form the in , the first folio, starting with Saturn, the most distant planet distant most the Saturn, with starting folio, first the h Cide o te lnt ae eitd n w folios two in depicted are Planets the of Children the . -

ing to Ptolemy and toPtolemyanothering toDorotheus Mawālīd The text that accompaniesThe image this text follows: isas

Following the Stars the Following –

F manuscript Arab 2583. Arab manuscript F First decade (from decade First

) 169 54

by Abû Ma‘shar (787 Ma‘shar Abû by sometime between1382 sometime , 46. ,

The Book of Nativities of Book The

. There are few surviving surviving few are There . by the bombing of the Institute Institute ofthe bombing the by – ince they do not like to like not do they ince 886 AD) 886 - – Irbili, who is the is who Irbili,

, aregiven also 1410 by Abû by , and we see we and ,

in the stylethe in exion anda

Ma‘shar).” Ma‘shar).”

- page that .

CEU eTD Collection 174 African Studies and 173 planet of examples other course, of are, there clear, be To iconography. Islamic in Planets translations) two these from aside only, the (and earliest work. this in Planets the of Children the the on work Ca Stefano from Aside manuscripts. three these about understood be to come gradually only has reason some for that something is versions, Turkish Ottoman the versions, three in work one of speaking only BN 1582, Lordship, the ma entitled Ayse, and Fatima daughters, his for III Murad by Turkish commissioned Ottoman are which shortly), to return Manuscripts,” the Moon,associatedilluminator; withisdepicted water, manuscript a is craftsmen, and scribes with associated Mercury, dancers; and musicians different as represented is music, and art with associated Venus, king; a shows nobility, and ass Sun, the executioner; an as war, and red or with associated Mars, hermit; judge a by represented judgment, good and religion with associated white, color the stone or blacksmith a as such laborious, are that trades and black color each the man, with associated Saturn, example, for of show, They planet. respective his/her qualities to according seven the as sometimes but professions, human the portraying whic box, ownhis/her in contained7planets), x figures(7 figures seven show planets the eachoffrom extending columns horizontal The Earth. to closest Moon, the with ending and Earth, from

Stefano Carbon Stefano ‘Planet of “Representations EvaBaer, ṭ āli‘ al āli‘ Eva Baer in her 1968 article, “Representations of the ‘Planet Children’ in Turkish in Children’ ‘Planet the of “Representations article, 1968 her in Baer Eva h are our Children of the Planets the of Children our are h - sa‘āda wa sa‘āda Kitāb al Kitāb 173 i,

31, no. 3 (1968): 526 (1968): 3 no. 31, Il Il pointed to two other two to pointed Kitāb al Kitāb F - -

Bulhān yanābī‘ al yanābī‘ up. uc 22 P M 78. hs elzto, t realization, This 788). M. PM 242, Turc. Suppl.

- Bulhān

published in 1988 there are no othe no are there 1988 in published

di Oxford di - Sayyāda - – Children’ in Turkish Manuscripts,” Manuscripts,” Turkish in Children’ 533. manuscripts (with the help of D.S. Rice, who we will we who Rice, D.S. of help the (with manuscripts

174 (

Book of ascensions of bliss and the fountains of fountains the and bliss of ascensions of Book (see Image 25) Image (see

55 To my knowledge the knowledge my To

rnltos f the of translations iā al Kitāb

byfishermen. . These are usually described as described usually are These . xml o te hlrn f the of Children the of example - Bulhān Bulletin of the School of Oriental of School the of Bulletin r in r bn’ comprehensive rboni’s Kitāb al Kitāb - - depth discussions on discussions depth

mason; Jupiter, with Jupiter, mason; rnltd no two into translated a w ae really are we hat ociated with gold with ociated Ki t - b al āb Bulhān iā al Kitāb - Bulhān s the is -

CEU eTD Collection 200. 196, Pseudo 179 178 On Picatrix,” “Notes Hartner, 11 the in written probably 177 Okzident,” 176 im und Orient im Planetendarstellungen Islam der Geschichte einer zu “Beitrage Saxl, Fritz See, slaves, builders, people,…peasants, 175 dead and people old kings, chieftains, from presidents, desire you nobles, that needs for ask to used “is example for Saturn them. of the in described areoften planets profession these of some mention which passages certain at look f source lord.” planetary ‘ in for preserved, tradition Hellenistic late on Based planets. seven the of domination the within trades or Bulhān planet the describes which text with the bulkofexamples from the 13 depi even Interestingly, our motif. defines which themselves, planets the alongside figures planet additional seven the an as Venus king, seated a Indiana Mars manwithwarrior a asw pickaxe, the in repeated see we that features certain with planets Turkish Creation’).of ‘Wonders the as(known and Persian, Qazwini’ in Arabic, example many for in manuscripts, ‘children’) their (lacking elsewhere figures Picatrix

Panofsky and Saxl Panofskyand Baer, “Representations of ‘Planet “Representationsof Baer, Or, more precisely, “Marvels of Creatures and Strange things Existing,” cod. Monacensis 464, date: 1280. date: 464, Monacensis cod. Existing,” things Strange and Creatures of “Marvels precisely, more Or, As we have mentioned in the previous chapter, this is the Arabic original of the Latin Latin the of original Arabic the is this chapter, previous the in mentioned have we As o eape ih aun e e tnig frig mnn, n acietr. See architecture. and mining, farming, tanning, see we Saturn with example For

3 (1912), 1 (1912), 3 - Magriti: Das Ziel des Weisen, I, Arabischer Text Arabischer I, Weisen, Ziel des Das Magriti: One of the most interesting observations made by Baer in her article was that the that was article her in Baer by made observations interesting most the of One

is the is or the or ’ hs poesos r dtrie b te ulte atiue t ter respective their to attributed qualities the by determined are professions these ,’ Ghāyat al Ghāyat 51 Kitāb al Kitāb 178 – 177. tne i te aos raie o acey n mgc te so the magic, and alchemy on treatises famous the in stance, , “Classical Mythology in Mediaeval Art,” 245. 245. Art,” Mediaeval Mythologyin “Classical ,

ar i nt o no eal n utfig the justifying in detail into go not did Baer

- century. David Pingree, “Some of the Sources Sources the of “Some Pingree, David century. Bulhān -

Ḥ Isis akīm ud

56, no. 4 (Winter, 1965): 1965): 438. (Winter, 4 no. 56,

- ctions of the planet the of ctions player, Mercury as a scribe. But these examples do not show show not do examples these But scribe. a as Mercury player, Children’ in Turkish Manuscripts,” 529. Manuscripts,” Turkish in Children’

. s in the same fashion as they are depicted in the in depicted are they as fashion same the in s 177 images, but we can agree with the implicit similarity if we we if similarity implicit the with agree can we but images, Ghāyat alGhāyat

She notes that there “are seven categories of professions of categories seven “are there that notes She th 175 /14 Aāi al Ajā'ib s

There was an established tradition of depictingtheof tradition established an There was th -

Ḥ century, 56 akīm

ith a human head in his right hand, Jupiter as a right hand,Jupiter humanhead inhis ith (Leipzig and Berlin: B.G. Teubner, 1933), 150 1933), Teubner, B.G. Berlin: and (Leipzig s only began to appear in the in appear to began only s

with instructions on how to make imagemake howto on instructions with - in Islamicin iconography.

mak lqt a hr'b al gharā'ib wa hl qāt

iā al Kitāb of the Ghāyat al Ghāyat the of

hyt al Ghāyat - Bulhān: s

specifically.

Hellmut Ritter, ed., ed., Ritter, Hellmut 176 - Picatrix - hakīm,” 2; Willy Willy 2; hakīm,”

Ḥ aun s an as Saturn

12 akīm - th mawj dātmawj Kitāb al Kitāb

, and was and , century 179 - s the as called –

The 152, Der Der s - , CEU eTD Collection Worlds Christian in Magic,” Hermetic Carinth of “Herman and Barcelona,” 183 182 181 63. 2008), 180 maius Introductorium a that know we because Ma‘shar Abû by work a to here proximity close the is, imageryi Planets the of Children the that mean could it then assumption, correct a is this If decide. to have will we work same the from originallyhavebeen would they whether but scribe, same bythe be appearto that folios the unidentified follow of group small a in included folios, Planets the of Children the Planets and text between similarities the of attribution Baer’s Eva folios Planets the of Children the follows which moon al Ghāyat Moon the the of one in depicted Ḥ to pointed Baer Eva that descriptions planetary the of some for source Baghdad in translated been have to purported Ḥ are angels) or gods (perhaps “spirits” planetary seven has planet each where you.”Ihelpmake ofa that drawing for w Saturn from it for ask nature same the of request similar other every thieves,…and akīm. akīm

Burnett, “Arabic, Greek, and Latin Works on Astrological Magic Attributed to Aristotle,” 85. Aristotle,” to Attributed Magic Astrological on Latin Works and Greek, “Arabic, Burnett, ofthe Sources ofthe “Some Pingree, Charles Burnett, “The Burnett, Charles Hashem Atallah and William Kiesel, trans., trans., Kiesel, William and Atallah Hashem Kitāb al Kitāb and the and w wrs ht ecie h svn y ee arneet f h paes ta is, that planets, the of arrangement seven by seven the describe that works Two Charles Burnett shows how a portion of the of portion a how shows Burnett Charles

Ḥ te otl tast f h mo truh subdivisio through moon the of transit monthly (the iā al Kitāb Ghāyat al Ghāyat akīm

(Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1996). Company, Publishing Ashgate (Brookfield: Kitāb al Kitāb - Is

ṭ shares the same names for the moon mansions in a similar treatise on the the on treatise similar a in mansions moon the for names same the shares ai ad iiain n h Mdl Ae: et ad ehius n h Ilmc and Islamic the in Techniques and Texts Ages: Middle the in Divination and Magic amā - Mawālīd -

Kitāb al Kitāb Ḥ Kitāb al Kitāb by Abû Ma‘shar is commonly appended to Western examples Western to appended commonly is Ma‘shar Abû by - ṭ Is akīm.

īs ṭ . It is interesting that we find the Children of the Planets in such in Planets the of Children the find we that interesting is It . amā - Te hlrn o Children The . Is

The folio with the Moon Mansions comes just two folios after two Moon Mansionscomes just foliowiththe The ia and the and ia - ṭ ṭ Bulhān amā n this Eastern example accompanies an additional text, thattext, additional anaccompanies Easternexample this n īs Ghāyat al Ghāyat . 181 ṭ īs

The

180 and a Manuscript of Astrological and Astronomical Works of of Works Astronomical and Astrological of Manuscript a and Kitāb al Kitāb illustrations, the folio depicting the depicting folio the illustrations, Picatrix Ghayat Al Ghayat Picatrix

Ḥ Kitāb al Kitāb akīm 57 by - te lnt ad h Mo Mnin folios Mansion Moon the and Planets the f Is

,” 1 ,” ṭ Ḥ amā unayn ibn ’Is ibn unayn – - 15. 15. Is ṭ ṭ Kitāb al Kitāb īs

amā . This might show some support to support some show might This . : Further Evidence for the Transmission of Transmission the for Evidence Further :

- n iae n h Cide o the of Children the in image and Hakim ṭ īs - , a Pseudo a , , vol. 2 (Seattle: Ouroboros Press, Ouroboros (Seattle: 2 vol. , Is ḥ āq ṭ s f h Zodiac the of ns amā ( 809 ṭ īs – - Aristotelian work, Aristotelian 873 AD), 873 n the in

text based text is excerpted and and excerpted is 28 Mansions of Mansions

hyt al Ghāyat hyt al Ghāyat ). 182 183

ith the ith on the the on

is theis , and ,

The - -

CEU eTD Collection 184 t of folios Clime the in iconography The are that motif Climes “European” specifically the in figures of costume the in features certain to pointed Rice Ar another to returned work, Arabic an of translation the in images Seasons the of source likelyafor candidate most Islamic the wasin manuscripts), illustrated Arabic the of translation Sanitatis Tacuinum that proposed Rice intermediary. Italian northern a through work Arabic this into way Ottoman regions)seven firs the The models. Western with intersection the from came they because was see not do we that t of Labors the motifs of appearance sudden the to pointed Rice subject. this on write who scholars other few the by mentioned the on Rice D.S. of research seems frombut it illustration clearwo aseparate an itis nativities, on work Ma‘shar’s Abû to next placed been has it that sense makes it nativities, different with associated activities different out acting individuals shows imagery Planets Chil the Because work. this of part not technically are Planets the of Children al Kitāb the for sources the of one also is Ma‘shar Abû

Rice, “The Seaso “The Rice, t From my experience with the Children of the Planets topic, the valuable and detailed and valuablethe topic, Planets the of Children the with experiencemyFrom , and only, and , - Bulhān Turkish translations of this work. The work. this of translations Turkish ,

he Months and the Four Seasons Four the and Months he iā al Kitāb Islamicmanuscripts in appear ns and the Labors of the Months in Islamic Art.” Islamic in ofthe Months Labors the ns and s the is

place the Seasons and Seasons the place the Labors and the Seasons the and Labors the

(BN ,

similar to the Children of the Planets the of Children the to similar

- iā al Kitāb

Nu. c. a. 63 dts 1380 dates: 1673, Lat. Acq. Nouv. F s well as Bulhān Taqwin al Taqwin

; one is a rather Italian looking fellow in the third Clime. third the in fellow looking Italian rather a is one ; . iā al Kitāb - Mawālīd n te wrs a ilsrto, ht rs i te Latin the in arose that illustration, an words, other In - sihhah - Bulhān another motif, motif, another , as noted above, but the folios containing the the containing folios the but above, noted as ,

by Ibn Butlan (d. 1066 (d. Butlan Ibn by he he 58

(see Image27) (see

iā al Kitāb Seasons, motifs earlier in other Islamic iconography Islamic other in earlier motifs

Ghāyat al Ghāyat (see Image 26) Image (see em t b rte ngetd scarcely neglected, rather be to seems abic work featuring the same theme. theme. same the featuring work abic rk. -

Bulhān Rice believed, somehow somehow believed, Rice the Climes (division of earth into into earth of (division Climes the

- ,

Ḥ . They do not appear in the twothe appearin not Theydo . in 14 in akīm – , as well as depicting the the depicting as well as , 30, n illustrated an 1390), . 184 th . The first treatise of the of treatise first The . )

century Islamic art Islamic century

(a He thought the reason the thought He work that was never was that work Kitāb al Kitāb dren of the of dren - Bulhān found Latin ,

like like the its is

CEU eTD Collection The divination of form basic most the for used were which Planets, the of Children the of folios the including story. known to suggestions i.e., devices, memory as and divination in used be to meant were images the because was This manuscripts.Islamic illuminated most of opposite the text, the r the The manuscripts. Islamic in genre in exceptional were Theyprognostication. of purpose the for designed and used manuscripts new a of birth the of because coming not is it know we before, work this of depictions seen not have we though even case, this In Jafar the caseof the thePlanets, Children there anotherexplanation. of ispossibly West the with intersection the of product a be therefore must and art Islamic argument his follow to tempting is it Though lineage. different a have might they that suspected also he maybe but none, is course of Planets, the of Children the for predecessor Western possible the Seasons Four the and Climes the of images the iconography, Islamic to anomalies other two the like much manuscripts, in figures might Rice that seems it explicitly, so do not did he Though models. iconographic European from Europea find to surprising not is geography.it Therefore human readerwith acquaintthe to lands, foreignfrom individuals art, Islamic earlier to known figures planet traditional elation they gave between text and image. In the In image. and text between gave they elation Falnama .

apply the same argument argument same the apply Here we have a specifically Islamic theme represented for the first time in imagery. in time first the for represented theme Islamic specifically a have we Here We also see in the in see also We from the –

a Kitāb al Kitāb were used in a form of bibliomancy where an inquirer would ask a question a ask would inquirer an where bibliomancy of form a in used were n the In

discovering one’s governing planet and the relat the and planet governing one’sdiscovering Western Western iā al Kitāb - Bulhān model Kitāb al Kitāb . n figures there. The question is whether they borrow they whether is question The there. figures n , especially since they are more or less anomalies in Islamic in anomalies less or more are they since especially , - Part of the reason Rice did not include a detailed account of account detailed a include not did Rice reason the of Part Bulhān Te esn t s eitd t ut hs ie wud a is say would I time this just at depicted is it reason The . about the origin of the Seasons the of origin the about

– - Bulhān

ht hs mtf d nt xs el exist not do motifs these that

ay f h tetss r ddctd o divination, to dedicated are treatises the of many the first example in manuscripts of a of manuscripts in example first the 59

Falnama

depict the dress and character of of character and dress the depict ed possible future vocations.future possible ed

to the Children of the Planet the of Children the to the images were primary to primary were images the ehr o bfr in before or sewhere , ‘

Falnama

is because there because is

–

I believe, in believe, I implicate a implicate Falnama

the ’

were were style style - I

CEU eTD Collection the and 189 Carinthia of Magic.” ofHermetic Transmission “Herman also, See 11. Barcelona,” 188 187 186 185 al Kitāb al the in (described planet each bygoverned areas geographic the ‘climes,’ planetary the is out, pointed have bidding.” his do would spirit that and form, visible in spirit his of all” them unites which one and sides, six its of each on one spirits: seven has planet “each where arrangement, portio the in similarities interesting figures. planet other seven by attended planets seven the of each see we where Ghāyat Climes. the to related turn in are These planets. seven the of each to belong that spirits seven the of description a have we in planets, seven the to according divided Ghāyat 25) format 8 X 7 a in Planets the of Children the see we where one the like graph, or table a of form the in wereThey prognostication. the find to order in to turn to page what referred at tablesa the end found bo of tothe find h bookto the page of random toa and thenturn -

Pingree, “Some of the Sources of the Ghāyat al ofthe Ghāyat Sources ofthe “Some Pingree, Kiesel, Atallahand Kiesel, Atallahand Rice, “The Seasons and the Labors,” 39. Labors,” the and Seasons “The Rice, Is up “summon could Saturns) other 72 by accompanied is Saturn (e.g., entities plural these unt, “The Burnett, . The 7 X 8 (7 X 7 X (7 8 X 7 The . ṭ o wih s hrd ih the with shared is which of n amā , one shared withthe thatis Chapter four of book three of the of three book of four Chapter It has been sugge been has It could be a text a be could - Bulhān ṭ īs ). 189 iā al Kitāb was something of a prototype of t of prototype a of something was

Picatrix Ghayat Al Ghayat Picatrix Al Ghayat Picatrix

also the only example in any manuscript that contains contains that manuscript any in example only the also + 7) arrangement of the planet figures is described in a section of the the of section a in described is figures planet the of arrangement 7) + 187

informing the Children of the Planets motif in the the in motif Planets the of Children the informing - sted by Massumeh Farhad in her her in Farhad Massumeh by sted

which attend to mankind in daily affairs. Men imparted with one with imparted Men affairs. daily in mankind to attend which ṭ amā

Kitāb al Kitāb 186 ṭ īs

hs ecito gvs upr t te ruet ht the that argument the to support gives description This - - and a Manuscript of Astrological and Astronomical Works of of Works Astronomical and Astrological of Manuscript a and Kitāb al Kitāb Hakim Hakim

- Bulhān Ghāyat , 2:105 , 2:27. , Ghāyat -

hakīm,” 7. hakīm,” order to be used for divination. for used be to order - Is ok (often the Koran) that were used to calculate the usedok (often Koran) tocalculate thatwere 60 ṭ

–

and the curious the and

amā 113. and is the source of the seven by seven seven by seven the of source the is and

tells us how the verses of the Koran can be can Koran the of verses the ushow tells

iā al Kitāb ṭ he is fortune. More specifically, More ‘ is fortune. īs . Falnama

Falnama: Book of Omens of Book Falnama: - Is ṭ amā Kitāb al Kitāb , and could even have been been have even could and , 188 ṭ īs

: Further Evidence for the the for Evidence Further : Kitāb al Kitāb - Is 185 ṭ Kitāb al Kitāb amā

- In chapter nine chapter In illustrations of illustrations Bulhān

ṭ (see Image (see īs Falnama There - , a large a ,

Bulhān that the that , as we as , Kitāb

are ’ ,

CEU eTD Collection 2009). Gallery, Sackler Arthur M. 190 Christine put he category second the In features. Eastern bearing as these classifying Ragione della Palazzo the in frescos Paduan th for points transmission two theorized Saxl Fritz motif. this involving scholarship current any forbackbone the still is subject this on work his and motif, Planets the of Children the study extent some to currentthesis the weigh to necessary is It manuscripts. the about detail into going before made be should Ma‘shar’s manuscript, Modena Schicksalsbuch literar 4) and works, astrological 3) manuals, life everyday 2) works, Christian to attached often cycles, calendar 1) in appear They manuscripts. Western in venues of variety a in up show Planets the of Children The see an tradition beginIslamic illustration in manuscripts. 13 the as early as examples few a with starting the or Ma‘shar 15 the of beginning the al Kitāb Planets the of Children The them. to Falnama purpose. same the for used

Massumeh Farhad an Farhad Massumeh e images of the Children of the Planets in the West. In the first category he put the the put he category first the In West. the in Planets the of Children the of images e A brief note on Fritz Saxl’s transmission theories surrounding the motif in Europe in motif the surrounding theories transmission Saxl’s Fritz on note brief A - , where many of the illustrations are self are illustrations the of manywhere , Bulhān. Flores III. The Children of Children theIII. The i te 148 the in , K

. Eachthese deser of Thus we can speculate that the Children of the Planets only appear around appear only Planets the of Children the that speculate can we Thus itāb al itāb d Serpil Bagci, Bagci, Serpil d De Sphaera De th -

Is century because the Arabic texts that they illustrate (whether Abû (whether illustrate they that texts Arabic the because century ṭ 190 0

amā on Saxl’s research because he was the first to comprehensively to first the was he research because Saxl’s on Housebook

The ṭ Falnama: The Book of Omens of Book The Falnama: , in Christine de Pisan’s de Christine in , īs Kitāb al Kitāb ) were not traditionally illustrated. Only in this period, this in Only illustrated. traditionally not were ) wrs W fn te i te 1491 the in them find We works. y

Planets: Manuscripts European Survey of folios are examples of these independent images in the in images independent these of examples are folios ves more detail, starting detail, ves lastexample. more withthis f h Mse o te mtra Cbnt i the in Cabinet, Amsterdam the of Master the of - Bulhān 61 th th

century, and blossoming in the 15 the in blossoming and century, - contained, having little to no text attachedtext no to little having contained, se mg 31) Image (see has the same image to text ratio as the as ratio text to image same the has

Épître d’Othéa Épître (Washington, DC: Freer Gallery of Art, Art, of Gallery Freer DC: (Washington,

oiial b Giotto), by (originally , and even in Abû in even and , Heidelberger

th , do we we do ,

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Liber a Liber c hildren in the first part. first the in hildren There is an additional sequence of planet children in the in children planet of sequence additional an is There There are notable simil notable are There It’s Saturn’s children there you see. Always needy, never free, sweet and strain, or trouble borrow. Condemned die to or live in sorrow, foulin and stinking clothes they stand. They grub they often find themselves in jail. withal. Traitorous, brooding,greedy, pale, They’re lame, misshapen, depraved Deep eyes, hard skin, their beards are small, Envious, weary, wretched, cold. My children are vicious, dry, andold, The Children of The Das Mittelalterliche Hausbuch: Betrachtungen vor einer Bilder einer vor Betrachtungen Hausbuch: Mittelalterliche Das This series also shows seven illustrations including planetary figures, resembling resembling figures, planetary including illustrations seven shows also series This strologiae

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1, 50 1, (2008): 279 (2008): “Class , .

pistle of Othea to Hector to Othea of pistle

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ical 194 – 299.

Mythology in Mediaeval Art,” 246; Klibansky, Panofsky, and Saxl, Saxl, and Panofsky, Klibansky, 246; Art,” Mediaeval in Mythology kih sol b lk Jptr ( Jupiter like be should knight A Épître d’Othéa Épître

s Jane Chance, Chance, Jane

en of the Planets in Western manuscripts are those are manuscripts Western in Planets the of en of similarities point to the common origin shared shared origin common the to point similarities of 66 the work, of the struggle to master one’s own one’s master to struggle the of work, the

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CEU eTD Collection 200 199 198 Vaticanus the in images the to similar are images the of some where horoscope), a in angles or Sun the with together rise that planets and groups star the of personifications (the thes that evidence is There art. Islamic in found features traditional the exhibit not do frescos the in children planet the of details examples Ottoman and Arabic the by layo graph a in figures Planet the of Children these of the examples, Western in Planets the of Children the side along found commonly is that earlier mentioned text the in planets, the planum Astrolabium frescos Schifanoia the in those and (1266 1337), Giotto to attributed Padua, Ragione, della Palazzo the in frescos the in imagery sharedthis between layoutpresent it geographically unclear. these is distantexamples Mawālīd illuminat Collection Keir the in layout similar very a or same purposes. divinatory for used were which 15 the in of examples many see we that books” “oracleof genre the from example nature.” true their to according live who those for only is th and planet, ruling a has man a that notion the is [work] this “In planets: seven the to related philosophers pagan German the in example for well, as reaction a as seen was Ladies), of City the work,other Pisan’s know interestingbecausewe is

Fritz Saxl,Fritz See, Kenton, Warren Panofsky and Saxl Panofskyand huh o i a aucit w sol mnin ee h Cide o t of Children the here mention should we manuscript, a in not Though , or even in the the in even or , La Fede Negli Astri: dall’ antichita Rinascimento al antichita dall’ Astri: Negli Fede La Astrology: The Celestial Mirror The Astrology:

of Pietro d’Abano (1257 d’Abano Pietro of , “Classical Mythology in Mediaeval Art,”2 Mediaeval in Mythology “Classical , at if he is true to it, he will live out a singular fortune. Individual fate Individual fortune. singular a out live will he it, to true is he if at Kitāb al Kitāb

- Bulhān Losbuch Liber Astrologiae Liber

ht e ae se mg 2, 31 25, Image (see have we that e depictions could be related to the to related be could depictions e ill

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(ca. 1470) (ca. (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1991), 108. 1991), Hudson, and Thames York: (New to this work by Boccaccio by work this to ustrations of that work (see Images 36 Images (see work that of ustrations 67

(Vienna, ser. nov. 2652, 14 2652, nov. ser. (Vienna, –

1316), from Abû Ma‘shar Abû from 1316), Livre de la Cite des damesdes la Cite de Livre . These are said to derive, through the through derive, to said are These . ut, which we know is a feature shared feature a is know we which ut,

(Torino: Boringhieri, 1985). Boringhieri, (Torino: . 199 198 45. 45.

Saxl pointed to the arrangement the to pointed Saxl

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centur

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CEU eTD Collection 202 Sabio el X Alfonso a)de 1283 Lat. (MSReg. Schifanoia 201 in elixir the of personifications contains which elixir, alchemical an is each in figure central the layout: same the follow each images Planet the of Children seven The folios. illustrated the of interesting manuscripts anThe motif. see the of we variations of 848), combination qu. germ. (Cod. 1520s the to dating translation German a i which manuscript the In 1531). d. 3, D 78 Cod. Kupferstichkabinett t of Children RagionePlanets. the Children of della Palazzo the in seen arrangement tabular the and images, Pisan the of formatting the the in figures planet ofseries the for Mercury form of graph children a in even page, facing a on as well as planet, each of figure central Children the feature manuscript Modena the of illustrations 20 that (1398 Filelfo manuscript, Krakow with th in aspects example, for shared exhibits also imagery Planets paranatellonta the of Children other whether ‘Sp the 1283, Reginensis

Daniele Bini, Daniele On the paranatellonta see, Marco Bertozzi, Bertozzi, Marco see, paranatellonta the On th The illustrations The Another example that has another series of seven images accompanying a second second a accompanying images seven of series another has that example Another s based largely on the alchemical manuscript manuscript alchemical the on largely based s

Picatrix

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attributed to the legendary Salomon Trismosin (perhaps mentor of Paracelsus) of mentor (perhaps Trismosin Salomon legendary the to attributed De Sphaera De – e lnt tee s the is theme Planets he Astrologia 1481), the Italian Renaissance humanist. This work is an untitled manuscript untitled an is work This humanist. Renaissance Italian the 1481),

imagery. We also see the Children of the Planets in the Schifanoia frescos, Schifanoia the in Planets the of Children the see also We imagery. (see Image(see e Triumph of Venus, that are comparable to the images of Venus in the the in Venus of images the to comparable are that Venus, of Triumph e

se mg 11) Image (see : arte e cultura in età rinascimentale età in cultura e arte :

by Cristoforo de Perdis de Cristoforo by (Biblioteca Estense, MS Lat. 209), accompany a accompany 209), Lat. MS Estense, (Biblioteca anish

15, 30 Housebook

42 Picatrix 202 – 44. For 44. ).

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etr (1450 century

Alfonso d’Agostino, d’Agostino, Alfonso Splendor Solis Splendor , a German alchemical alchemical German a ,

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planet children. s

and those Children of the Planet images by Jörg Breuand by thosePlanet Children images ofthe the Jörg 203

planet figures with contemporary personalities. The The personalities. contemporary with figures planet recently pointed to the relationship between many between relationship the to pointed recently en through understanding the Nativity, i.e., the the i.e., Nativity, the understanding through en 69 at commonly accompany the Children of the of Children the accompany commonly at

Bellifortis Astrolabium planum, Astrolabium

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32). These These 32). CEU eTD Collection 206 89 rękopisie 205 Europe 204 thescribeseem Gaszowiec butrather wasdeath Piotr that this thecase, the of supp would Speculum the in demonic, talismanic, magic, of types between division The books. two latter the of magic ‘darker’ the to opposed as there, described being magic of type the of because illustrated were books two first the only sugg interesting the made Láng study. of field a as astrology with dealt in school’ ‘magic a being East the to work, his in 2008 in Láng Benedek by well as discussed the of version Śnieżyńska Ewa mechan astrological the place to and viewer its to appeal contemporary a create to attempt an in king, actual an of image an with deity, planet the of depiction and formula, astrological the eventually and Sigismund, Corvinus for the to belonged produced probably was Kyeser manuscript court This whose to. IV, belonged Wenceslas brother his deposed had who Sigismund, depicts the enemy, greatest his depicted fragment this of illuminator the that trauma the faced have could he before died had Kyeser “Fortunately, out, points Láng Benedek as manuscript, the of author the Emper Roman Holy and Hungary,

– Benedek Láng, Benedek eee Láng, Benedek w Śnieżyńska Ewa 107 (Cracow: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, 2009). Jagiellonskiego, Uniwersytetu (Cracow: 107 Wydawnictwo

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manuscript], manuscript], , also

nted that CEU eTD Collection 213 Ages Middle in the Iconography 212 211 210 1999. Vozes) Editora (Petropolis: ciencia historiada da 209 208 207 David by noted as Arabic, the not and translation Spanish the from coming Latin the Latin, the to preface original the i 1911 in Warburg Aby by discovered was manuscript Ma‘shar the more atell us little about images. its Śnieżyńska Ewa and Láng Benedek by manuscript, the on research Recent an of creations spontaneous ind be to planetary illustrations the the of believed transmission the he on because theories iconography, Saxl’s of some on damper a put time, the Alexander] of [Treasure 14 Escorial, Biblioteca MS and 2775 animals. different atop manuscript. Alfonsine 15 early been have would text’ ‘ghost Kraków the that Decans outlines to off trail but color codex. the in texts accompanying the of one of author the

Śnieży Śnieżyńska See, Bertozzi, Bertozzi, See, Láng, Anna Maria Alfonso Maria Anna Ghāyat al Ghāyat Tradition of Astral Magic, ofAstral Tradition See the related text, the Alfonsine Alfonsine the text, related the See ividual Ghāyat al Ghāyat Picatrix Śnieżyńska .

The Vaticanus Reginensis 1283, Reginensis Vaticanus The Unlocked Books Unlocked ńska ’s th

illuminator - etr i te or o Pau, n ws rbby n un eie fo an from derived turn in probably was and Prague, of court the in century , composed in composed , - - Ḥ Introductorium Stolot, “Summary,” in “Summary,” Stolot, in “Summary,” Stolot, akīm - Ḥ La tirrania tirrania degli La akīm e. . aa, ar [n. Cairo Nasar, M. ed. , Picatrix - - Goldfarb, Livro do Tesouro De Alexandre: Um estudo de hermetica arabe na ofincina ofincina na arabe hermetica de estudo Um Alexandre: De Tesouro do Livro Goldfarb,

tlt rts ht the that writes Stolot , see 79see , (see Image23) (see

208 Similar imagery is seen in a few Arabic manuscripts manuscripts Arabic few a in seen imageryis Similar n nt eae i ay a t Oina mdl, s e a hoped. had he as models, Oriental to way any in related not and 209 ”

The images of the planets in the in planets the of images The

The Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes Courtauld and Warburg the of Journal The

, 13. , ) a taig from tracing was Picatrix

the court of court the

– (see Image 24) Image (see . The text stops, while the images go on to depict the rest of the the of rest the depict to on go images the while stops, text The . 80, 98. 98. 80, astri maius

originally Picatrix Latinus Picatrix Latinus Picatrix , 42 , Lapidarium

that the work was translated into Spanish first, and then and first, Spanish into translated was work the that – 211 . 210 44; 44; eciig the describing

. 212 Pingree, “Between the Ghaya and the Picatrix,” 27 the and Picatrix,” the Ghaya “Between Pingree, The Kraków The ], Alfonso X, interestingly accompanies text by text accompanies interestingly X, Alfonso copied and illustrated sometime in the in sometime illustrated and copied th 0 See 60.

a 13 a , for example, in an undated Cairo manuscript of manuscript Cairo undated an in example, for , illuminator . ‘Al c.

71 , 89. , 90. , ol b a non a be would I (Esco II

centu David - arti ia Tahrt al Thakhirat Kitab Magrithi il . . 5, Śnieżyńska 15), I. h. rial Picatrix n the Vatican Library. We know from from know Library. We Vatican the n paranatellonta ry fragment of the Spanish version of version Spanish the of fragment ry

Pingree, a taig te iae. h text The images. other tracing was 207 Picatrix , only just discovered in Saxl’sin discovered onlyjust ,

- The illustrations begin in full in begin illustrations The extant extant

Ida Paeay mgs an Images Planetary “Indian

show the planets sitting planets the show . iarx Latinus Picatrix 213

52 (1989): 52

hs illuminated This - Stolot, Stolot, - (BN Stolot, can now can Stolot,

8, fn. 8, 40. F MS arabe arabe MS F late Astrological Astrological - – Iskandar’ 57. 14

This .

d the the d Abû Abû th

or CEU eTD Collection Also, Śnieżyńska 81. Translation?” or Transcription his in ‘Maslama’ name the 218 217 216 215 214 and ‘otherthe details the of for sages’), features using thefigures intheillustration: authorities different to according described are Mars of forms them Inter for missing is text the but Mercury, of images are There given. spiri figures other six having as described is planet each where six 3.9 in (as where 3.7, is passage corresponding by surrounded diagram, circular a of circle the of 3.7 and illustrate Mars of illuminations These fragment. the in included are Mercury and Venus, Mars, of descriptions only though planets, the describing folios ten are there sphere or circle a in encased art) Indian in depiction customary (a rabbit a on riding Luna example, noun Spanish the in n the on speculation recentMore translation. Spanish manus this in given is ‘Picatriz’ name the passageselaboratesof the that workon expanded an Diez byRaquel 124 around vernacular Harran. Pingree.

Diez, “Alfonso X el sabio: Picatrix,” 47. Picatrix,” sabio: el X “Alfonso Diez, d’Agostino Śnieżyńska 27. the and Picatrix,” the Ghaya “Between Pingree, J. Thomann proposes this in a footnote, but actually empactually but footnote, a inthis proposes Thomann J. ts and an additional seventh that governs them) seven names of the spirits of Mars are Mars of spirits the of names seven them) governs that seventh additional an and ts e stingly, the illustration seems to draw equally on the passage from 2.10, wh 2.10, from passage the on equally draw to seems illustration the stingly,

(see Image20) (see his book about this and in this way many gremanyway this in and this about book his & Venus [Hermes]onewisesaysin this So breasts; on theface.hand her ofGazing left lookingthe &at neck the on placed hand right his Mars & back; fastened hair her & up, lifted figur the is this & mistress, virgin a] with standing man nude [A 215 214

It eua e Mse s huh t hv tasae te rbc et no the into text Arabic the translated have to thought is Moshe ben Yehuda , Astromagia , - Sto was written originall written was Pic lot, lot, 217 - atrix

Stolot, Stolot, Picatrix Latinus Picatrix notes that th that notes . After a tre a After . . We see the seventh spirit of Mars depicted as an angel in the central the in angel an as depicted Mars of spirit seventh the see We . , 21 , 3 picador –

Astrological Iconography in the Middle Ages in the Middle Iconography Astrological

article, but I prefer the ‘picador’ theory. J. Thomann, “The Name Picatrix: Picatrix: Name “The Thomann, J. theory. ‘picador’ the prefer I but article, 1250. – Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes Courtauld and Warburg the of Journal 22, 26, 3 26, 22,

216 . is work is not a direct translation of the of translationdirect a not is work is 218 , 89. ,

, It was then translated into Latin in 1256. in Latin into translated then was It atise on the Mansions of the Moon and the Zodiacal signs Zodiacal the and Moon the of Mansions the on atise y in Spain, possiblySpain, yin

fn.56. t rte rfnd tl o ilmntos soig for showing, illuminations, of style refined rather Its

c ript, which shows that this name has come from the the from come has name this that shows which ript,

at works are accounted. We speak about this in this about speak accounted.We are works at h asizes a different theory involving a tran a involving theory different a asizes ame ‘Picatrix’ might point to its origin its to point might ‘Picatrix’ ame by a by Ghāyat al Ghāyat n anonymous Sabian author fromauthor Sabian anonymous n , 13. ,

Byu, ems Picatriz, Hermes, (Beylus,

- e (statue?) of Venus, and is and Venus, of (statue?) e

Ḥ 53 (1990): 289 (1990): 53

akīm se mg 19) Image (see Ghāyat al Ghāyat

that it quotes.The that it

The fl. 31r (fols.

passages – - dissertation Ḥ 296, 296, fn. 296, 296, akīm

ere four four ere s lation of of lation . The The . - 36v).

, but, 2.10

CEU eTD Collection stretche handis placing is Mars and back; the in fastened the is hair is her and whichVenus; of form feet, her on standing maiden beautiful a is right the on him before and feet his on erect standing form the is theofHermes opinion to image according ofMars “The Latin: from Englishthe The Warnock, and Greer See, esta:…” es Picatriz sabio el segund Mars de figura La luenga.... d figura es Picatriz de dicho el La segund nueuos. Mars uestidos de sus forma et cabellos; los por la teniendo omne, de cabepa siniestra la en & espada una diestra La ymagenes. las de libro nuestro el en y. desta fablamos te [&] nos & libro. su en conto el segunt muchos et fechos grandes pescuego su en diestra a manera y. desta manoesta que sabio esto & dize cara. su en mirando & & catando el della; pechos enlo[s] siniestra su ponendo Mars & atras; crinechados fechos cabellos sus & pie, en levantada esta et Venus; de figura la esta es & virgen, “…manceba Picatrix”: the and Ghaya the 220 thefor source primary to reference a be also could This 10). to attributed are planets the of figures 219 the of those as iconography planet ca same the in images these place can we Whether manuscripts. two the between difference, language mention to not gap, chronological immense an have 18 the in planets the of illustrations those to features similar many see can We manuscript. Reginensis Vaticanus the of illustration Mars of wheel the in is that illus passage the is This her. at looks and neck the by her holds Mars where Mars, of in the description alsodescribed is hereVenus (fol.with wings an 27). middle angelic figure sword a holding dog man a sword, and head a holding warrior a lance,a with lion a on warrior a righthand, his in sword a holding lion a on man a chest, her across left the hand, right his in Venus?) following The face. are, images its The well. as into corresponds looking woman, a of statue small a holding Mars see we here for meaning), this have can (it statue mean to ‘figura’ interpreted illustrator f the to correspond could description This

). Of course, the course, Of ). My translation from Pingree’s transcript, Pingree’s from translation My This reference, which is not in the Latin probably refers back to the beginning of 2.10, where there the there where 2.10, of beginning the to back refers probably Latin the in not is which reference, This trated in the in trated the of Mars of figure second Picatrizwise The is this: [symbol of Mars]” (fol. 27r). lance. long a hand his in and lion, on knight a of figure ar garments his and hair, in has & lion, a on knight ymagenes.’ las de libro ‘el own our

forma de Mars en otros libros es figura de omne cauallero sobre un leon, & tiene en su mano mano su en tiene & leon, un sobre cauallero omne de figura es libros otros en Mars de forma d out above her breast, and he is facing her and gazing uponher.” gazing and her he isand facing breast, her out above d Kraków Picatrix Kraków

and human head, a crowned man standing holding a sword, and in the in and sword, a holding standing man crowned a head, human and

. Picatrix

Picatrix

e new. The figure of Mars’s in the second saying of Picatriz is a is Picatriz of saying second the in Mars’s of figure The new. e the “Libro spirituum et ymaginum quem transtulit sapiens Picatrix” (line Picatrix” sapiens transtulit quem ymaginum et spirituum “Libro the his right hand a sword & in the in & sword a hand right his De imaginibus De . Three of the Mars figures are strikingly similar to those to similar strikingly are figures Mars the of Three .

dates to nearly two centuries later, so in this case we case this in so later, centuries two nearly to dates the el the Kraków counterclockwise: a naked man holding a statue (of statue a holding man naked a counterclockwise: 219 l

ipses are reconstructed from the Latin. Pingree, “Between “Between Pingree, Latin. the from reconstructed are ipses The shape of Mars in other books is the figure of a of figure the is books other in Mars of shape The 73

rt mg o Mr, f o sm rao the reason some for if Mars, of image irst e omne cavallero sobre un leon, et en su mano azcona azcona mano su en et leon, un sobre cavallero omne e by Thābit ibn Qurra (al Qurra ibn Thābit by

Picatrix 220

a li ot n apne t by to appended and out laid as , Kraków his right hand on her neck and and neck her on hand right his

left a man's head, taking it by the the by it taking head, man's a left tegory of classification of classification of tegory -

Ḥ Picatrix

arrānī, 826 arrānī, de Venus & la mano mano la & Venus de

(see Image (see Picatrix – 901), which is a is which 901),

of a nude man nude ofa , 2.10, 103. 2.10, , figure his left left his - s 12 s half – -

CEU eTD Collection findingprint, thus wider even we see distribution, its will in intoput be to was idea this How categories. magical and religious,scientific, in discussions to tied is Planets the of Children the of relevance The motif. new a through idea astrological distinct a communicated they Cracow to Modena, to Baghdad, to Padua, From individual. 15 in theme popular w As audience. their by understood been have might text and image how us show and motif the used that texts the with us provide they because us to important are chapter, this in here d their about tempting similarity becausegroup of their together. to them Śnieżyńska cn e b te ubr f xmls te hlrn f h Paes ee n extremely an were Planets the of Children the examples, of number the by see can e The comparison of manuscripts of the Children of the Planets can tell us a great deal greata us tell can Planets the of Children the of manuscripts of comparison The - Stolot evelopment. The contexts in which they are found, as we can see evidenced see can we as found, are they which in contexts The evelopment. , or whether they should be in their own category is hard to say, but it is it but say, to hard is category own their in be should they whether or , th

century manuscripts, showing their relevance to the early modern modern early the to relevance their showing manuscripts, century 74

the next chapter.the next

CEU eTD Collection 221 the of manuscript specific one at moment a for closely have areadershipfor wider common features block typical the in parallels certain for consider should we for work philosophical and complex a is then lives. daily their in beneficial and useful find would readers his that topics those health, and theology, philosophy, in subjects approach to how for guidelines provides work through world the of knowledge acquiring toward i.e., chapter, genre the in example complex a as seen be and philosophy Platonic with theology His astrology. Ptolemaic Christian harmonize to tried himself Ficino th to contributed 1484, in first printed works, Plato’s of translations Ficino’s with along These the of translation Ficino’s of editions printed eight were infor was that thinking literatures many in seen be can all, to common is first term use ofthe discuss have we As printed. widely were interactions period the in trends the intellectual of some at look can we framework conceptual broader a in discussion our place To e revival of the ancient philosophies and religion that were so were that religion and philosophies ancient the of revival e

Tambiah, ‘ Housebooks Mrii Ficino, Marsilio , n re t bte udrtn te rniin fr transition the understand better to order In Magic, Science, and Religion and Science, Magic,

of religious, astrological, medicinal, and everyday life everyday and medicinal, astrological, religious, of

ok dedica works ’

in the Transitionin from prisca theologia prisca ming the genres of early printing that we are discussing here. There There here. discussing are we that printing early of genres the ming

De vita libri tres libri vita De 15 ih gv u isgt no oe f h rea the of some into insight us give might e t te go’ a o lvn, offering living, of way ‘good’ the to ted th

century. , , 5. . The

unn gi t one to again Turning Chapter 3

idea of a of idea

Manuscript to Printin15 Manuscript d in o in d (Three Books on Life), first printed i printed first Life), on Books (Three of ‘housebooks’ that ‘housebooks’ of 75 .

Reverse or order delete

a sophisticated intellectual audience, which which audience, intellectual sophisticated a ur first chapter, we chapter, first ur ‘natural religion,’ the idea that the divine thatthe idea ‘natural religion,’ the

uigti time. this during ih action right m aucit o print, to manuscript om Picatrix Corpus Hermeticum Corpus - book and early print, and which which and print, early and book of the of popular we , which I think is the ideal the is think I which , n vrdy life. everyday in ,

will try will find in his writings the writings his in find and whose whose and uait o hs time this of humanists

221 th

rcia approaches practical Century Europe os e id these find we sons

in the Renaissance. the in This This

to define to is

before 1500. before

n 1489, can 1489, n tra l the way of way the t s look us et

nslations

Ficino’s Ficino’s De vita De in this in

CEU eTD Collection 1135 2006), Brill, Boston: and (Leiden Hanegraff 224 223 1999). Press, York New of University State Europe Modern Early in studies occult the over controversy the in Chapter A Theology: Magical and Trithemius,” 222 the and medicines make to herbal for used was whole a fact as book in this how see is can we Here in important. works different find we that context the that is manuscript this examining faces human with them of some herbs, Heaven. to earth from means, magical byreach, to God by empoweredspecially a soul a of ability the consequentof are works his of part cryptographic the that noted have to said is Trithemius content, of book the next bound was it why probably is which Paracels T Johannes basis blended were print and manuscript (1727 Canonici Luigi po the folio) first the hand with book, Secretorum Clavis ‘Generalis entitled Trithemius by work printed a diseases, common on another medicines, on treatise a herbal, illustrated an including miscellany a is and 1710), before (bound 1580 in Italy au an call would I what is Oxford, Library, Bodleian the in 500, Latinus Canonicianus The ‘housebook.’ by mean I what of example

Pingree, Pingree, Noel L. Brann, “Trithemius, Johannes,” in in Johannes,” “Trithemius, Brann, L. Noel Thomas Ernst, “Schwarzweisse Magie: Der Schlussel zum dritten Buch der der Buch dritten zum Schlussel Der Magie: “Schwarzweisse Ernst, Thomas . Bound directly in the middle of the of middle the in directly Bound . 222 us. It is an astrological work, and describes the characteristic of the seven planets, seven the of characteristic the describes and work, astrological an is It us. Steganographia Picatrix: The Latin Version Latin The Picatrix:

Daphnis but it is an unknown one, not mentioned among his genuine or spurious works.amonggenuine spurious one, or anunknown notmentioned is his but it ihmu (1462 rithemius - stamped floral patterns on the inside cover, once belonged to (according (according to belonged once cover, inside the on patterns floral stamped : Zeitschrift f Zeitschrift lymath Guiseppe Columbani (1676 Columbani Guiseppe lymath ” – 224 85. h Cnncau Ltns 500 Latinus Canonicianus The 1805).

s my e paety oe ot f cpe fr underlying for cipher a of sort some apparently be may so , The first treatise in the work shows lively illustrations of differentof illustrations lively shows work the in treatise first The – ü 1516), the German Abbott and cont and Abbott German the 1516),

r Mittlere Deutsc Mittlere r ’ n bos ad o the of 4 and 3 books and ,’ , xxii , Picatrix

together to create a book that could be used on a a on used be could that book a create to together

- xxii itoay f nss Wsen Esotericism Western & Gnosis of Dictionary i. –

1139. Picatrix

thentic spell book. The manuscript was copied in copied was manuscript The book. spell thentic

to cast spells, with spells, cast to se mg 53) Image (see he Literatur he 76 Picatrix

folios

25 (1996): 1 (1996): 25 . It appears to be a ‘key’ to the th the to ‘key’ a be to appears It .

– (see Image 52) Image (see 1736), and also the Jesuit Matteo Jesuit the also and 1736), Wa occur What . Picatrix

the help of the planets. This planets. the of help the s get xml o how of example great a is – moay fArpa and Agrippa of emporary 205. Noel L. Brann, Brann, L. Noel 205. Ti vlu covered vellum This . practical purposes practical , we find a work by by work a find we , e t m when me to red Steganographia , ed. Wouter J. J. Wouter ed. , Trithemius Trithemius “

(Albany: s ecular daily , the ,

des des ird 223

CEU eTD Collection collection microfilm the to London Library, British the from Women, by Owned Manuscripts and Correspondence, 225 use for adapted but them, owned that were early printsthat findmany thatwe in housebooks of interestingly verysubjects isthe it household the to individual were and manuscripts, as seen first sometime households, modern in found and memory, of arts works, medicinal r cycles, calendar like subjects canticorum popular the of those to compare they how and works printed early by represented were that subjects the are process this about interesting Most ones. handwritten to next bound pages printed library, same the in side by manus where change, gradual a was this instead but print, of invention the by replaced immediately not was manuscript The press. printing easily withthe produced of bookscouldsuperseded wherenumber be thesea large methods, use ink. in image an with paper of sheets full imprinting block, wood carved a from made were prints where 1420, as early blo the Europe, in print of form earlier an was there type movable to Prior practical tool a how us shows

William Pidduck, “Publisher’s Note” in in Note” “Publisher’s Pidduck, William was

eas o te rae aalblt o ppr B 1 By paper. of availability greater the of because ujcs f al pitd ok wr Bbia mdttos (e.g. meditations Biblical were works printed early of subjects hueok” f h tm, .. bos ht ee sd s eeec tos n early in tools reference as used were that books i.e., time, the of “housebooks” , . ila pauperum Biblia

by a wider audience. wider a by n

al modern early I. , Southampton: Ashford Press, 2004. Press, Ashford Southampton: , Context of

One of the reasons the block the reasons the of One

Bo o Hus ec) bt eod o hs wr practical were these to second but etc.), Hours, of Book , s designed specifically for specifically designed s aucit i ti tastoa pro. mn te most the Among period. transitional this in manuscripts

reader of the of reader cps health ecipes, Block The ‘religious’ and the ‘secular’ the and ‘religious’ The eivl n Ery oen oe Pr 2 Hueod books Household 2: Part Women Modern Early and Medieval - Books and Woodblock Prints and Books r moriendi Ars 77

Picatrix cripts and early prints were often found side found often were earlyprints and cripts

eeis tcnqe fr metal for techniques remedies,

Bt o the of Both .

ol aevee h ok a a as work, the viewed have would - everyday use everyday book 450 more advanced techniques techniques advanced more 450

printing technique came into into came technique printing e w ctgre were categories two se

. 225 topics in these books these in topics

Housebooks were Housebooks – ck

A listing and guide and listing A - book, Canticum Canticum working,

seen as as seen , CEU eTD Collection 1 1990), Press, CambridgeUniversity in Legacy” Intellectual Anthropology’s 228 227 religious’ ‘the ‘secular.’” the and spheres, of realms heterogeneous two into world’ we ‘this divided if which classification sense of system make only ‘secularization’ medi in term reality of much time,’ a the upon ‘once that, fact of the accept moments semantic sedimented historically “these that a in 2) and secular, and religious spheres, two between differentiation a in 1) discussed: been have secularization of definitions These Religion Modern 226 effortlessly o inmany examples science. and religion, magic, on discussion a to well as block survived. not has that it of made version printed a probably was there as print, and manuscript between gap the print to manuscript printer Augsburg the the of case the in example for work, same the of prints and manuscripts in images the between block on focus how print possible. religion of privatization the making in factors main of the cosmos, and creations ofGod’s ofthe celestial spheres. alsoone understand but week the of days the for cycle calendar a context this in were p early many in found elements astrological and biblical the between content in difference work. one in together stitched found were it to rints

Blazekovic, “Variations on the Theme of the Planet’s Children,” Children,” Planet’s Theme ofthe the on “Variations Blazekovic, For a d a For o a oprsn f ifrn ue o te em see term, the of uses different of comparison a For Heidelberger bilderkatechismus Heidelberger ed literatures that lie on the borderbetweenthe the on lie literaturesthat ed these - book Print brought many literatures into the private realm private the into literatures many brought Print iscussion of these terms see terms these of iscussion examine

elements were understood by the individual of the early modern period. We can can We period. modern early the of individual the by understood were elements

subjects addressing astrology, health, and prayer, which will open this chapter this open will which prayer, and health, astrology, addressing subjects , - ” in in ” ’

books s horoscope. They fit into a broad picture of the universe, the u the universe, the of picture broad a into fit They horoscope. s

how they were perceived by their readers. The Children of the Planets the of Children The readers. their by perceived were they how

ulc eiin i te oen World Modern the in Religions Public

quickly movement toward the private sphere, and 3) in a decline of religion. Casanova writes, Casanova religion. of decline a in 3) and sphere, private the toward movement 227 . and woodcut prints to begin with and then look at clos at look then and with begin to prints woodcut and P the of Children the of examples Our It contains only practical a practical only contains It

. The The

– f block 31. 31. Housebook Stanley Tambiah, “Magic, Science, and religion in Western Thought: Thought: Western in religion and Science, “Magic, Tambiah, Stanley Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality of Scope the and Religion, Science, Magic,

(Cod. Pal. germ. 438) germ. Pal. (Cod. - books 226

78 manuscript is also an interesting case, bridging case, interesting an also is manuscript . 228

n hs hpe I il ok t mr subtle more a at look will I chapter this In

oe aaoa “euaiain En “Secularization, Casanova, Jose

nd astrological subj astrological nd

secular and religioussecularand Ciao Ui. f hcg Pes 19) 13. 1994), Press, Chicago of Univ. (Chicago: eval Europe was actually structured through a through structured actually was Europe eval We see We 244.

and

and therefore and

the prints of Erhard Ratdolt, Erhard of prints the these th these n xmnto o early of examination An lanets motif move from from move motif lanets ects. We see in many in see We ects. ree categories ree

spheres ueu tool useful a it e relationships e lightenment, and and lightenment,

is one of the the of one is nderstanding

will (Cambridge:

tell us tell blend blend

CEU eTD Collection 231 230 229 that manuscripts commissioned those than say, affordable, more and audience wider a to accessible more slightly were technique printing early this with made Books method. same printed also or handwritten either was that text with combined were images Their is necessaryand indicative. disc are we period time the ago,” long two meaningless truly became into one, profane space a and sacred and a realities, time different of “differentiation the that say would Casanova Jose though Latin from ‘secular’ term the of etymology the to back harkens This well. as time” “secular in but time” “higher 15 the in society a about talking are we for ‘secular’ te these In god. of city continually a city, city another earthly upon reflects the where theology, Augustinian in even recognizable is This says the of ‘disenchantment’) Weberian of terms (in world” “enchanted the about writes Taylor Charles life. everyday wi I and life’ ‘everyday to attached is secular term the that suggest I realm. ‘profane’ the of part as secular the of speak can 15 the of terms in usage its understand can we then ‘ecclesiastic,’ secul a as play to part early an had print that say can we reasons these For private. more it made also it eventually and

Casanova, Casanova, Casanova, Charles Ta

Printing made religious subjects religious made Printing h block The count profane.as may actions and times, people, places, other these, to comparison In present. is holy the or certain priests), as (such agents certain feasts),(such highcertaintimes as actions divi and which(such sayingMass)in asthe the churches), as (such places certain mean I sacred, worl enchanted an In ylor, “Religious Mobilizations,” Mobilizations,” ylor,“Religious Public Religions Public Religions Public - ok a uuly ihy lutae, mttn ilmntd manuscripts. illuminated imitating illustrated, highly usually was book saeculum 229

, 12. , ancien régime ancien

13 d there is a strong contrast between the sacred and the profane. By the By profane. the and sacred the between contrast strong a is there d ussing the distinguishing of two realms described by Taylor here here Taylor by described realms two of distinguishing the ussing

rzn fco, ht is, that factor, arizing

, that , is, secular defined as “age, century, or world.” or century, “age, as defined secular is, l s i i ti catr s nlgu t te el of realm the to analogous as chapter this in it use ll Public Culture Public

(through texts) more available to a larger audience, larger a to available more texts) (through model, where state and church are interwoven. He He interwoven. are church and state where model, 79

18, no. 2 (2006): 283. 283. (2006): 2 no. 18,

f e d we if m w cn ey aiy s te term the use easily very can we rms th

etr ht ucin nt ny in only not functions that century efine the term ‘secular’ versus versus ‘secular’ term the efine th

century. In this sense we sense In this century.

230 with the with 231

Even

for ne CEU eTD Collection 233 M Art University 232 manuscript. a owning see would aristocracy the that block a Owning owners. their for who would, for aprotectfrom anyonecaught day death gaze.” who his Jesus, Infant the bearing Christopher “St. example for home, the protect to talisman of sort print illustrated leaf single These page versions texts: ofsimilar one impressions, woodblock from produced were that folios single collect to afford could Cod. Universitatsbibliothek, German. type movable first The works. printed as popular them made perhaps and manuscripts most from them t minimal with page, the dominated works these in illustrations The testaments. New and Old the between correspondences the comparing text central the commentaries, biblical illustrated of collections vernacular non those to even accessible being narratives illustrated large their tools, teaching as used been have would block t available more texts make to began methods printing of works. typeearly movable the of even so is this and man, common consumer class urban ar an at looking are we generally Still, hand. by completely done were

Blazekovic, “Variations on the Theme of the Planet’s Children,” 243. Children,” Planet’s Theme ofthe the on “Variations Blazekovic, yti A Hl, Bfr te pclpe Gra Pit ad lutae Bos 1450 Books, Illustrated and Prints German Apocalypse: the “Before Hall, A. Cynthia - books visual form the of devotional print was related its practicalto function for the worshipper. the reader, the for text the structured which illustration, book Like depicted. figure the and between encounter an sustain to functioned they prayer; private in used and pilgrimage of mementos as laypeople by collected were prints Such prints. devotional leaf In B

lock h earliest The addition to book illustration, woodcuts were also produced in the 15 the in produced also were woodcuts illustration, book to addition , like the like , - useums Bulletin useums ila pauperum Biblia books, much like illuminated manuscripts, wer manuscripts, illuminated like much books, - readers through a copy ow copy a through readers Biblia pauperum Biblia

for these types of works, those few who were literate, and not the the not and literate, were who few those works, of types these for Planetenbuch

, 4, no. 2 8 2 no. (1996), 4, ,

a. em 438 Germ. Pal.

is the 1462 print done by Albrecht Pfister in Bamberg in in Bamberg in Pfister Albrecht by done print 1462 the is s -

book would be seen as a status symbol in the same way same the in symbol status a as seen be would book were popular popular were x acmayn lre mgs wih distinguished which images, large accompanying ext

(Pauper’s Bible) (Pauper’s comes even before this, ca. 1455 1455 ca. this, before even comes – 29. 80 ned by a parish church. parish a by ned ) e Here, .

in private homes and were even used as a a as used even were and homes private in In her article, “Profane Illuminations, “Profane article, her In ven ven

or the or o a wider readership, and some some and readership, wider a o a

member of the lower lower the of member e somewhat of a commodity a of somewhat e Planetenbuch Nonetheless, Biblia pauperum Biblia 233 istocratic or istocratic

century as single as century

– (Planet Book) (Planet the worshipper the 1500,” 1500,” (Heidelberg,

these kinds these wealthy wealthy Harvard Harvard class

were were 232 es - - ,

CEU eTD Collection 236 235 Society,” 234 Block 149r 438, Germ. ca. here: again list will examples many in Planets the of Children the non block the to down handed solely the of outside was manuscripts illuminated fell of production the in that created tendency This topics. theological libraries) clerical the to comparison in number larger heroic and fables, narratives, included that texts in interest reflected libraries aristocratic The owned. they subjects profane or secular of amount the in the be would church the of those and aristocracy the of libraries during the between difference notable become, past.” pagan the would of cult a is, what that past,’ the create of ”‘cult a to Renaissance, “helped aristocracy manuscripts illuminated by the commissioned of images secular the that suggests Buettner aristocracy. libraries the in interest greater a with pursued were literature and science, history, past; the for taste a toward oriented was subjects secular in interest aristocratic The time. vernac including 13 ancestry.” biblical a to opposed secular a past, putative its typo secular a of development the to “contributed commissioned. them had that readership aristocratic the by symbols status as manuscripts of use this Cou describes Medieval Late in Manuscripts Illusions: Secular

th Buettner, “Profane Illuminations,” 82. Illuminations,” “Profane Buettner, 82. Illuminations,” “Profane Buettner, Brigitte Buettner, “Profane Illuminations, Secular Illusions: Manuscripts in Late Medieval Courtly Courtly Medieval Late in Manuscripts Illusions: Secular Illuminations, “Profane Buettner, Brigitte -

ecclesiasticof some contentblock through - Book A common A The Art Bulletin The in the British Library (I A 27 A Library(I British the in 15 th

ular prose and poetry, in comparison to the clerical libraries of the same same the of libraries clerical the to comparison in poetry, and prose ular centuries reflect interest in more ‘historical’ subjects, as well as ‘literary,’ ‘literary,’ as well as subjects, ‘historical’ more in interest reflect centuries – 150v); form of form 234 , 74, no. 1 (1992) 1 no. 74, ,

1455 h dsuss o ilmntd manuscripts illuminated how discusses She

- book printing tradi printing book 40 Baccio 1460 block

Planetenbuch - book was the was book

: 75 - – books and manuscripts period. frombooks and time this 90.

adn (1436 Baldini );

1460 Basel Block Basel 1460 81 (Heidelberg, Universitatsbibliothek, Universitatsbibliothek, (Heidelberg, tion. This could explain the sometimes purely sometimes the explain could This tion. , as mentioned in the introduction, which we which introduction, the in mentioned as ,

Planetenbuch logy that familiarized the aristocracy with aristocracy the familiarized that logy – 47 engravings; 1487) 235 ty oit, Biit Buettner Brigitte Society,” rtly tales, and preferred texts (had a (had texts preferred and tales,

The aristocratic libraries of the of libraries aristocratic The , - Book, Öff Book, where we find our images of of images our find we where

236 n rfn subjects profane on entliche Bibliothek entliche

n te wor other In

40 London 1460 o. Pal. Cod.

f the of

s a ds, CEU eTD Collection background European 238 Schneider, 237 and Prints’) Hungarian ‘Early (RMNy, Using century. 16 late the with beginning folklore, calendars” of genre the of blossoming Europ a in calendars work her in prints predictcharacterlife. future development andways of be could which by, individuals governed were they planets of and zodiac the to nativities relation in understood The month. each to related etc., planting, harvest, thos M the of Labors The them. with associated qualities and planets corresponding with depicted and associatedwere a as used be could guide motifs reference these containing book a where level, daily a on usefulness themes secular da the calendar, The Staatliche Museen); Ink.2.d.4); Nationalbibliothek, Biblio kongelige (Det Kunst for Museum Block 37a); V N (A

For a list of the Children of the Planets in Block in Planets the of Children the of list a For Agnes Dukkon, Dukkon, Agnes e activities that were performed during different times of the year, wheat harvest, grape harvest, wheat year, the of times different during performed were that activities e - Book,

Agnes Dukkon discusses the role in cultural history of Hungarian calendars in early in calendars Hungarian of history cultural in role the discusses Dukkon Agnes Blockb

Kupferstichkabinett, 1470 ü

cher des Mittelalters: Bilderfolgen als als Mittelalters: des Bilderfolgen cher from day to day, as meditations or teaching tools, where days of the week the of days where tools, teaching or meditations as day, to day from n block in mainly the series of bibliographies bibliographies of series the mainly éi ayrrzg Klnáimk uóa Háttérben Európai Kalendáriumok Magyarországi Régi ] Régi Magyarországi Kalendáriumok Európai Hátté Európai Kalendáriumok Magyarországi Régi (Budapest: ELTE E ELTE (Budapest:

Wirkungen der Planeten der Wirkungen 15 s f h we, h lbr o te ots ad h zodiac the and months, the of labors the week, the of ys onths th ean background). She looks at the “domestic appearance and and appearance “domestic the at looks She background). ean

- book prints. The popularity of these subjects was due to their their to due was subjects these of popularity The prints. book

Schwabach commonly accompanies the Children of the Planets, portraying Planets, the of Children the accompanies commonly

II. T 50 ög ru h Elder the Breu Jörg 1510

ö talce Museen; Staatliche th tv he Calendar in Printshe Calendar in

century and ending with examples from the mid 18 mid the from examples with ending and century ö

238 Block sKiad

in the broad history of science, literature, art, and art, literature, science, of history broad the in R é

- 82 K Magyar gi ó Books, see: Sabine Mertens, Elke Purpus, and Cornelia Cornelia and Purpus, Elke Mertens, Sabine see: Books, - Block , 2003), 213. 2003), , Book (KirchenBook e) Ven Block Vienna tek);

Lektüre - Book (Granger Collection); (Granger Book Régi Magyarországi Magyarországi Régi

(Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1991), 410. 1991), Zabern, von Philipp (Mainz:

oehgn Block Copenhagen ö

nyvt - Kapetelsbibliotek). ( Kupferstichkabinett, á

r [

l Hnain aedr i a in calendars Hungarian Old RK ‘l Hungarian ‘Old (RMK, - ok (Österreichische Book rben

(Old Hungarian (Old Nyomtatv - ok Statens Book,

1470 Berlin 1470 237 would help would ee other were

Berlin, á nyok

CEU eTD Collection 241 240 239 and accessible for appealing an in available knowledge made motifs calendrical The papers. weekly and daily in found still are horoscopes where today like much affairs, current on readers updating functione it, accompanied period.” long a for newspapers as rhymes”anecdotes,where and“Calendars superstition advice, economic and content, the of “assessment components their traditional at and prints, Hungarian early of contexts the printing focusingon publications those French and English, German, calendars” Polish, and background, European the of investigation for need the to points Dukkon prints: popular in handled and were highlighted subjects astrologicalhow shows Dukkon Library’),

Agnes Dukkon, Dukkon, Agnes Dukkon, Agnes Dukkon, Agnes

‘either of comes human to destiny. question the or choice, The interrogatewhenCalvinstarsitwhotheparticularlyLuther Martinandrefuseto obvious for referenc prognostica. or of prayers text short the to add Providence often publishers or o makers calendar spirit that the Even fact the explains calendars. This astrology. concerning excuses offer to compulsion age a remorse, hidden modern 16 early many in the felt: is in Reformation view world Christian and culture pagan ancient the of intermingling and contours blurred characteristic the in results Scie The

240

n o te er o Cnrl uoen Hnain pitn t cmae to compare to printing (Hungarian) European Central of genre the on and ntific attitude of Humanism, the increased value of the role and the destiny of man, of destiny the and role the of value increased Humanism, the of attitude ntific Régi Magyarországi Kalendáriumok Magyarországi Régi Kalendáriumok Magyarországi Régi Kalendáriumok Magyarországi Régi mat, and offeredwaylooking and ayear. novelof atmat, passing astrology and the –

a a a o rciig al ifrain lk a newspaper a like information, daily receiving of way a as d symbols, astronomy, elements of everyday life, e.g., healing healing e.g., life, everyday of elements astronomy, symbols,

239 , eif, n mas f netimn, ecig chronicles, teaching, entertainment, of means and beliefs, s,

further studies “through complimentary comparitive comparitive complimentary “through studies further 241 th

in other centers of Europe. She also looks closely at closelyat looks also She Europe. of centers other in

etr clnas n osre a es o uncertainty, of sense a observes one calendars century h clna, n te ois ht ol have would that motifs the and calendar, The –

especially Central Europe in 83

, 216. , , ,

215. 216.

–

functioned much functioned much s o h Divine the to es - r seems or’ the f

CEU eTD Collection 243 242 astrological These promptings.’ its by ‘live to how on instructions gave and transcendent’ sam block in subjects astrological promptings.” its by live and awareness that special a in but universe, the t the of awareness of workings the of accounting’ ‘rational its and belief of domain the in not lies concept generic a as religion of feature distinctive the standpoint religion. for definition discussion audience Introductorium maius Planets the of Children Ma‘shar the of Hispalensis Johannes by translation Astrolabium 1488 the including Balkhi, these were same texts available made inprint. when interest public wider the by joined was Europe, throughout then and courts Alfonsine The manuscripts. in popular been had that vernaculars European other to where Spain, due part In

Tambiah, Saxl Panofskyand e volume, because they helped in a practical way to promote the ‘awareness of the the of ‘awareness the promote to way practical a in helped they because volume, e In Augsburg, In e ih ak here ask might We ). wr te mgcl sinii, r eiiu? f e ae no con i this in account into take we If religious? or scientific, magical, they were : III. The Children of Children theIII. The Planets The text that was often seen next to calendar cycles of the days of the week week the of days the of cycles calendar to next seen often was that text The Magic, Science, and Religion and Science, Magic,

broad a to the translation projects that had begun during the p the during begun had that projects translation the to

planum many astrological works astrological many , “Classical Mythology in Mediaeval Art.” Mediaeval Mythologyin “Classical , ranscendent, and acts of symbolic communication that attempt to realize to attempt that communication symbolic of acts and ranscendent,

nesadn o rlgo, e a use can we religion, of understanding

Erhard Ratdolt for example printed many works by Abû Ma‘shar al Ma‘shar Abû by works many printed example for Ratdolt Erhard .

f oans neu, n te 1489 the and Angelus, Johannes of

Sta n block in nley Tambiah Tambiah nley - lrs a Flores how how

, books and print were combined with ‘religious’ works in the in works ‘religious’ with combined were print and books 242

the subjects in many early prints were those same subjectssame those were prints earlymany in subjects the - , , 6. the subjects of early print were understood by their their by understood were print early of subjects the ok was books

trologiae were translated from the Arabic into Latin and then then and Latin into Arabic the from translated were 243

fascination with topics in astrology in topics with fascination – argues that “from a general anthropological anthropological general a “from that argues 84 iā al Kitāb

Scientific, Religious, and M Religious, Scientific, In this way we can understand why the use of use the why understand can we way this In

fe a adaptation an often

a abridged (an

- Mawālīd Mawālīd

t i apoc a a working a as approach his ans coniunctionibus Magnis Introductorium Introductorium n ohr rtns y Abû by writings other and revious two centuries in centuries two revious

rm b Ma‘shar’s Abû from agic al , maius

first in first

) the , and

the ( a -

CEU eTD Collection 246 245 244 were categories these of three all that p reveals which discussing, are we period the living.” “practical would and mixed very were categories these Reformation, the to prior populace larger the for because, distinction historical this of aware continually be must we that is answer the Tambiah For then toask, block in side spells, of use made astrology on treatise, ‘magical’ the call now might we what readershi the that say can we then case like theorists Victorian later by over taken automatically was which legacy Protestant a was acts, ‘magical’ with latter the and behavior ‘religious’ t spell, and prayer between distinction the and beliefs, of system a as religion on emphasis this that submission my is “It saying science and religion, heading that under found be even can ‘ecclesiastic. religion by inhabited be can realm from profane or secular the Therefore secular distinguishing rather but secular, to opposite as ‘religious’ these of description our contradict do This meditations. biblical as much as religion of topics therefore were subjects articipatingwith each‘practical under everyday headingfor other one knowledge of life.’

Tambiah, Tambiah, Tambiah, the texture of other cultures andsocieties? stemming and in (embedded historicalcontext)fromand fruitfully universal, as analyticalserve categorie categories same these can specific concerns, and a concepts of Christian product the spell, were and being, prayer divine historicalEuropeanin epoch particularhistoryand its preoccupationsstemming fromJudeo between manipulable magic, and deity sacramental sovereign and between religion between distinctions the If

Magic, Science, and Religion and Science, Magic, Religion and Science, Magic, Re and Science, Magic, not have been perceived as important in comparison to everyday life rituals and rituals life everyday to comparison in important as perceived been have not

- books, p books, 246 or

My answer is made clear by the evidence we find in the literature of literature the in find we evidence the by clear made is answer My

rints, and manuscripts of the of manuscripts and rints, the religious works. This would again explain their presence side by side presence their explain again would This works. religious the

ligion , , 31. , 20 , 19. subjects as ‘secular’ since we are not putting the the putting not are we since ‘secular’ as subjects –

21. p of the early prints would not have distinguished distinguished have not would prints early the of p

s well as 85 245

Tmih exmns h trs magic, terms the reexamines Tambiah . 15 th

century. It is a necessary question necessary a is It century. Tylor he former being associated with associated being former he from

and Frazer.” and

those medical tracts that tracts medical those ,

an d topics in astrology in topics d 244 s and illuminateands

If this is the is this If s not es

’ - CEU eTD Collection ‘ allowing By readership. and publication for appropriate were topics what expanding or separating toward trend a least pr a not if indicate might transition This contents. ecclesiastical lacking warfare, or professions 1459 the or Trades) of (Book metal on tracts by treatise these to addition in reflected, interest diverse had who someone for designed been have must manuscript) the to given title the (hence housebook h that examples known well those are illustrators) skilled three actuality in (probably Housebook” the of “Master unknown the by illustrations sophisticated These children. their and planets the of series the In treatise. practical and 1480 the In perceived. difference real a about talk can first we that secular, or religious other, occasion on find we when is It Lion.” Sick “The fable, the in these side along find We man. dying the for consolations and prayers side along temptations five the exa for containing well,’ ‘die to how of subject the on treatises six of Testament. New the in occurrences prophesying as read be pauperum bound been have with fables together and texts astrological where example one is 438) Germ. Pal. 1455 and The together. melded religious easily so were the elements how see can we then topics ‘religious’ from topics ‘secular’ eferenc Housebook

If we can can we If e for some readers in ‘everyday in readers some for e , as mentioned earlier,, asexamples ofhowgave mentioned certainshould stories OldTestament ila pauperum Biblia Heidelberger bilderkatechismus Heidelberger

for example, we do not find any biblical texts along side the astrological the side along texts biblical any find not do we example, for lurgy, castle lurgy, theorize v md ti mtf aiir o u mdr adec. This audience. modern our to familiar motif this made ave

as well that the that well as Houseb everyday life’ everyday defense design, and medicine. Also in the 1568 the in Also medicine. and design, defense Fechtbuch , r moriendi/Totentanz Ars ook

a treatise on the on treatise a life

(Fight into the libraries and early p early and libraries the into 86 ’

th topics over a more overtly religious topic, at topic, religious overtly more a over topics

century individual did not distinguish such distinguish not did individual century

the - ok w se et ddctd oey to solely dedicated texts see we book) Planetenbuch Heidelberger bilderkatechismus Heidelberger

texts that are missing one or the or one missing are that texts Ars memoriam Ars

Ars moriendi Ars dne f et) The death). of (dance s

on memory and astrology, astrology, and memory on

followed by the Aesop’s the by followed mple illustrations of illustrations mple rinting workshops, workshops, rinting

were a collection a were is followed by a by followed is Stä ndebuch

secular

B (Cod. iblia iblia -

CEU eTD Collection printed toward works everyday that was oriented earliestthe in genre a of beginnings the showing thus knowledge,useful be to found owners the of housebooks The milieu. were scientific, or religious, secular, as classified and separated block in together found topics The maintained. readers their that subjects diverse their toward approach inclusive reflect and literatures practical and religious with knowledge astrological secularization. of factors early the of one was I interpretation. of forms new possible making in factors important most the of one was Print medicine, and astrology as such well, as topics other on abridgements popular interpretation about largely was print Early interpreted. be should it how on mind own their up make to them allowing individual, the m printing Because themselves. for wider texts original interpret a to ability to the individuals availableof range wider realms a gave aristocratic This audience. and clerical the to only available once were o mentality the reflects that matter subject in 15 the in place taking was realms secular and religious the of apart peeling unintentional an n this way, coming before the reform movements of the the of movements reform the before coming way, this n th

century. The transition in the 15 the in transition The

early prints were “commentaries” on the Bible. Commentaries, summaries, and and summaries, Commentaries, Bible. the on “commentaries” were prints early

- books and printed works before 1500, that would later become become later would that 1500, before works printed and books th ade use of vernaculars, it put the text itself into the hands of hands the into itself text the put it vernaculars, of use ade

15 century from manuscript to print was tied to developments to tied was print to manuscript from century th

century are definitive in their contents of what their their what of contents their in definitive are century . As was stated earlier stated was As . 87 f an expanding audience. Print made texts that texts made Print audience. expanding an f

life. oevr many Moreover,

16 th

century, though unaware, it unaware, though century, seen as congruent in their in congruent as seen

in this this in

block were also common also were ed - chapter ok combined books

the i the nterest and nterest , the most the , .

CEU eTD Collection as tool divinatory a course, of was, It well. as tool social a as functioned motif the group, or guild ill a the in on based placement character his or profession through society, the in belonging of place his find could person each where group, the amongst individual an catalogue to way a also was It planet. ab concepts basic understand to used calendar a of meeting a tool, reference a was is Planets the of Children The formula. which astrological an and life everyday Planets the of Children the for palette the provided movement priva the into movement inadvertent an of beginnings revival5) and of astrology, which 3) development, in peak a reached illumination manuscript that 2) text, alongside manuscripts, in time first the for 15 the iconograp planet of development the during acquired were that elements and ideas of synthesis a of result a was stance philosophical new This living. right toward paths beneficial a number a from choose to individual the allowing by acc in will free places and astrology of determinism the to solution a offers thinking of way This life. own his/her of course the determining in principle active an become can way that in and are, planets the that way same the in it of part is cosmos, wit interconnected is individual the that idea the portrays it that say would I portray?” to tries Planets the of Children that stance philosophical the is “What question the ask then we Where century. iconography into puts motif Planets the of Children the that show to was thesis this in goal express My

th All this was accompanied by a focus on everyday life, health, medicine, and the the and medicine, health, life, everyday on focus a by accompanied was this All

century. It was only in the 15 the in only was Itcentury.

a new form of astrological thinking that emerged at the beginning of the 15 the of beginning the at emerged that thinking astrological of form new a

can only trace the motif as far back as its earliest examples, we must we examples, earliest its as back far as motif the trace only can “The Problem“The Planet Children” the of prisca theologia

was simultaneous to the onset of print, 4) where we saw a saw we where 4) print, of onset the to simultaneous was th

Conclusion century that: 1) the Children of the Planets appeared Planets the of Children the 1) centurythat: srto. y en al t ietf wt a social a with identify to able being By ustration.

gainpopularity. 88

u atooy oes in oes ruling one’s sign, one’s astrology, out

hy in the Middle Ages, culminating in culminating Ages, Middle the in hy e pee Te nlns f this of inklings The sphere. te

ordance with providence with ordance h a h th

CEU eTD Collection Szerecz. Thomas by here English translation 1916). Heitz, (Strasbourg: Hauber, Anton of review a is 247 earlier an through us bee to have would come that manuscript had images these that and Italy, in motif the informed explain. to able maius Introductorium that text the that say could He motif. visual independent an as genealogy their entertained instead wor specific single one any to point not could he on, based were they texts what as far As today. used still are there described categorization these. of last the least at answered He Planet Children the of (Problems Planetenkinderbilder” Der “Probleme article his in questions four asked destiny. the with communing by own his over stars the and of influence the match could one interaction, daily birth, through celestials, by planet a to bound was way this in person Each determinism astrological and providence among operate to will free for way a offered it Philosophically to. ascribe and emulate to possibilities various of which i.e., viewer, its for birth. of date the on depending observed be could future one’s of characteristics basic where well,

Fritz Saxl, “Probleme der Planetenkindebilder,” Planetenkindebilder,” der “Probleme Saxl, Fritz 4 3 2 1 . . . .

Most impor Most Filiation On which texts are they based? Their relation to the Where is the home planet of children representations? Fritz motif, Planets the of Children the on publication first his In

accompanied

of of the representations. Images His guess was that the frescos in the Palazzo della Ragione had somehow had Ragione della Palazzo the in frescos the that was guess His tantly the Children of the Planets provided a choice. It offered options offered It choice. a provided Planets the of Children the tantly .

): ): the Children of the Planets was often derived from Abû Ma‘shar’s Ma‘shar’s Abû from derived often was Planets the of Children the How they were they How Planetenkinderbil

Orient

n the predecessor to the to predecessor the n

247

der und zur Geschichte des menschlichen Glaubens und Irrens und Glaubens menschlichen des Geschichte zur und der related to Oriental manuscripts he never fully was was fully never he manuscripts Oriental to related Kunstchronik und Kunstmarkt und Kunstchronik i ctlge o atooia mtf ad the and motifs astrological of catalogues His 89

k which the images illustrated exactly, but exactly, illustrated images the which k

Kitāb al Kitāb

- Bulhān

48 (1919): 1013 (1919): 48 , or images in an an in images or ,

al originally Saxl – 1021. This This 1021. .

CEU eTD Collection the In formats. obs can we motif the of have we examples early Abû the In of Ma‘shar. writings the in found part large in is counterpart astrological its and Ptolemaic, the intermediary. himself man there because need, same this find not do we Mirandola, della Pico Ficino, of student the In daemons. individual and planets the beings, intermediary by aided the in self a achieving to ultimately individual the lead can practice Its life. everyday in use its proposes and Christianity, to astrology of understanding Ficino’s unanswered the details the of questionsabout motif. p the to turn to is take to step logical the examples, of out run we Where period. modern early the in blossoming a to leading places, distant in simultaneously occur to motif the caused a think I time? cha this philosophical at only popular so become and appear only they did why also but mystery i examples earlier any found d’Othéa in examples earliest their to traced he exa the between distances large were there the the of version illustrated hilosophical dimensions. From this perspective we broaden the scope, and can look at the at look can and scope, the broaden we perspective this From dimensions. hilosophical Kraków Pic My question throughout this work has been not just about where they came from, came they where about just not been has work this throughout question My h atooia cnet rm hc te hlrn f h Paes r br is born are Planets the of Children the which from context astronomical The Marsilio in expressed is Planets the of Children the of dimension philosophical The .

( e ia olts com coelitis vita De

1407 atrix

Picatrix . In the the In . ), Kitāb al Kitāb

n t the to and

nge in the understanding of astrology was occurring, and that is what what is that and occurring, was astrology of understanding the in nge

i nt erteeiec fhvn pn n iei teEs, and East, the in time any spent having of evidence the bear not did Picatrix - Picatrix Bulhān iā al Kitāb n manuscripts so the details of their transmission were left a left were transmission their of details the so manuscripts n

paranda as well as in Ficino the ability to contact perfect nature is nature perfect contact to ability the Ficino in as well as , the planets and children are seen in a graph form, 7 X 8 X 7 form, graph a in seen are children and planets the , , which had been derived from the Sabbians of Harran. But Harran.of Sabbians the from derived been had which , - Bulhān . There we see how Ficino marries a particular particular a marries Ficino how see we There . W estern manuscripts, in Christine d’Pisan’s Christine in manuscripts, estern mples in this theory. this in mples 90

19) poue i Bgdd bt e never he but Baghdad, in produced (1399),

- perfection, a goal that we see reflected see we that goal a perfection, The question of their origins their of question The erve at least two different two least at erve becomes Épître CEU eTD Collection manusc the and books,’ ‘oracle books, of types These genre. one under classified be should books of types these that argue can We tool. divinatory a as the of images the and Losbuch daily a as literatures reference tool. useful other alongside functions and item, household a becomes p the into Planets the of Children the puts eventually Print printed. the in figures planet central the in as Planets, the of Children the of imagery later in models those the of examples these in animals different of backs the on riding planets the find We places. different many in form same the retain which and compare, to print man from transition the In text. the of interpretation different a on based image the invariation own its had whichMars, of figure the caseof the in seen have wediscovered,as the how about Details Krakó the in figures closer betwe are ratios The figures. the of rest the with Zodiacs the and planet the of figures celestial central the between communication this of some see even can we blockbooks and woodcuts interac the of and blending figures a instead show but formats, these of either in strictly not are Planets the of Children the of think we when mind to come likelyto most are that images those But line. a a seen is figure planet the examples Pisan de Christine the In left. to right from children, planet the and planets the containing squares uscript we see individual figures transferred from manuscript to print which we can can we which print to manuscript from transferred figures individual see we uscript Housebook There is an intriguing connection, hinted at by the similarity to images in the the in images to similarity the by at hinted connection, intriguing an is There the to resemblances see we children’ ‘planet individual for looking are we When

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