Civil ISR 2013 Conference Report

Civil ISR 2013 Conference Report

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Civil ISR 2013 Conference & Exhibition Imperial War Museum, UK | July 2013

Tangent Link’s Civil ISR conference was set in the impressive Imperial War Museum, within the Aerospace Hall, which included a TSR-2, Concorde, Harrier and other acting as a great backdrop for the breaks.

Chairman: Rear Terry Loughran Conference Photos: Alan Warnes

Keynote Address with the Garda Air Support Unit (ASU) and has been in the service for 15 years. He is qualified on multi platforms with over Air Philip Sturley RAF (Retd) provided the keynote 5000+ aircrew hours, primarily as a FLIR operator and is speech. He told the audience of some 150 people, gathered NVG qualified. from over 13 different nations that Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance was not just about platforms, but the sensors They told us how the Garda is southern Ireland’s police force and analysts too – a lean approach was essential. It was a or ‘Guardian of the Peace’, and unlike the UK, its role can range complete team effort too he stressed. from traffic duty all the way to state security.

“Following the end of the Cold War, recce intelligence had Some interesting facts about the Republic of Ireland then came: become a poor cousin and much of our skills and assets were lost in the drawdown. The Army’s Pheonix became our prime 1. 84,412 sq kms asset for a while, which was a lame duck and short-sighted” he 2. 20th largest island in the world told us. 3. 4.4 million people Then during the 2001 Iraq campaign the RAF hierarchy soon realised surveillance was an important requirement, ISR was The Garda’s ASU is based at Baldonnel Airfield, 10 kms (6 miles) needed after a decade of investing in platforms and weapons. west of Dublin. It has six operational areas in which to operate. Over Iraq binoculars were used to gain a better vantage of what was happening on the ground as it was during the early days in Afghanistan.

But it was in Afghanistan that the military realised their shortcomings and money was soon being invested into rectifying these issues with Listening pods for Tornados and Snipers for the Harrier being two solutions. ISR is now more accessible and while Civil ISR is not new, the military can see it as one solution to meet ever decreasing budgets.

Philip talked about his young flying days as a Phantom pilot in the 1970s when he participated in Operation Tapestry over the North Sea, checking for illegal fishing etc. Today such jobs are taken on by civil companies outsourced by the Government Departments responsible for these tasks. The Garda’s operational areas He spoke of the increasing trend in civil companies now doing military jobs instead of the military, with 2Excel being among the leaders in this field, using their civilian registered fleet with Selex ES sensors in a variety of roles. The US continues to contract a lot of their ISR work. Some countries like Ghana will buy into a service, as they have with Bournemouth-based DO Systems. Civil ISR roles are expanding.

Guest Speakers

Garda Air Support Unit The unenviable task of walking onto the stage first was left to Detective Garda Bob Cummins and Garda Sean Tighe who discussed the Garda’s Operational Airborne Activities.

Bob is a veteran of 28 years service, primarily in the area of The Garda’s ASU has to provide aerial photography for ground surveillance operations on both terrorist and serious criminal based operations. subjects. He has served as an observer for 15 years on the Garda BN-2T Defender and been instrumental in the transition and development of the Air Support role in surveillance. Sean serves

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The ASU as the name suggests provides air support to the With three oceans, Central and Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific, to operational units and the pair showed a video dated July 7, 2012 protect covering 243,000 kms of shoreline the NASP’s three of a tracking criminals. aircraft and three teams has a huge task!

While the ASU is a Garda asset, the three platforms (two EC Transport Canada (TC) owns and operates two Dash 8 aircraft 135s and a BN-2T-4S Defender) are operated by the Irish Air located in Moncton, NB and Vancouver, BC, while a Dash 7 Corps. The ASU, created in 1997 has at its disposal 15 Air Corp is primarily located in Ottawa, ON but also co-allocated to pilots. A team is on alert, with a response time set at between Iqaluit, NU. The aircraft are fitted with SSC’s MSS 6000 system, 2-4 minutes and in recent years their deployment has spread which includes a Sideways Looking Airborne (SLAR) to countrywide. The Defender uses a Skyforce moving map, with detect oil spills up to 30 miles (48kms) away – 15 miles (24kms) a digital downlink integrated with an elderly LEO 400 FLIR, a each side and spotting ice across 80 miles (128kms) – 40 basic but still very effective system. miles (64kms) each side. Vessels can be detected at 90 miles (144kms) – 45 miles (72kms) each side. • The ASU’s main ‘clients’ as the pair referred over the past 15 years have been: An L3 MX-15 EO/IR turret system can lase the ships to identify • Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) now them. All the information can be transmitted via a declared ceasefire communication system that allows regular AIS information checks, continuous flight streaming, live streaming video • Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA) capability, transmission of target information and ‘Office Operable’ while airborne. • Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA)

• Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) now declared ceasefire In May 2010 the NASP deployed its Moncton based Dash 8 along with 13 personnel to assist the US and BP • ex members of groups associating with criminal gangs with the massive Deepwater Horizon spill in Louisiana. The first • New IRA pollution patrol took place on May 2, and there were two patrols per day until May 11 and one scheduled patrol per day from May The New IRA comprises serious dissidents/hardliners but were 12 to July 15. A total of 297 hours were flown, before TC originally known as Real IRA – Direct Action Against Drugs, but co-ordinated with the to replace them. as Bob made clear they are one of the biggest drug dealers in southern Ireland and use their name to crush competition ie The TC aircraft, with remote sensing equipment on board was drug pushers. able to obtain the images and positive location of oil; calibrate satellite imagery with SLAR imagery, map the extent of the The line between criminality and terrorism is a blurred one. Bob spill and the ability to differentiate between skimmable or spoke of how some of them just want to cause trouble and in burnable heavy oil. NASP continues to improve the detection recent times the terrorist groups appear to be splintering and of hazardous and noxious substances by airborne and optical forming other groups. So the ASU has to establish the right facilities. Civil ISR at its best! intelligence to see which ones needs to be tracked.

Bob talked how in late June, the Garda seized 15 kilos of semtex and continues to track down and seize weapons caches in bunkers. He wouldn’t go into specifics. What he did say was that 500 grammes of Semtex is regularly used for undercar devices, so 15 kg would have been enough for 30 cars…

Weaponry/IEDs are big threats, with the IEDs becoming increasingly more sophisticated.

There is a lot of co-operation with the Northern Ireland police during operations along the border and a video was shown where the two EC 135s dropped off troops at a house with its front garden in Northern Ireland and the rear was in Southern Three aircraft covering 243,000 kms of shoreline is quite a task Ireland. So a joint operation was necessary. Once the house was but that’s what Transport Canada is faced with every day. known to be secure by the airborne platform providing aerial recce the Garda moved in. It was a fascinating presentation.

Transport Canada

Louis Armstrong, no not the late jazz maestro but the Chief – Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) for Transport Canada Marine Safety Directorate (MSD) was the next up. He spoke of the need of Transport Canada’s National Aerial Surveillance Program (NASP) to prevent pollution from ships and the compliance and enforcement of regulations to protect the marine environment.

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Victoria Police

Neil Jeffrey, Manager Support Services Group, within the Intelligence and Covert Support Command of Victoria Police spoke of the differing role equipment that can be used for ISR platforms. He discussed the various sensors and how they all filled different niches as well as video displays including integrated maps. Talked of having realistic budgets to meet the clients objectives. Not everyone agreed with his conclusions, but it showed the kind of quandaries the Civil ISR companies face. Rescue Global flew their King Air C90, N121GT, to Duxford for the Civil ISR Conference. The platform will soon be modified with sensors. Rescue Global

David Jones, Commanding Officer of Rescue Global UK (RGUK) provided an overview of what his charitable organisation does JARUS – aerial recce in crisis and disaster. He presented a Case Study Nick Brewer, Chartered Engineer of the JARUS (Joint Authorities including a fascinating video of how RGUK organised and for Rulemaking on Unmanned Aircraft) in UK was supposed to carried out the simulated crash of a Boeing 727 in Mexico during brief but he couldn’t attend so Philip Sturley RAF 2012. This came after NASA failed to deliver such a scenario a (Retd) stepped in. He talked of the need for the world to unite on few years back. the rules governing the flying of unmanned aircraft, although he The need to crash the Boeing 727, where the aircrew parachuted objected strongly to that term because there was always a man out once the jet was on target and under control by those in the loop. on the ground, was to provide ground emergency units with It was highlighted that some of the biggest regions in the world, experience of a humanitarian and disaster. like South America and China and India were not a member of Basically Rescue Global is a recce team primed for disasters JARUS and wondered why. He provided a great insight into but also experienced in snatch rescues ie civilian/diplomatic the subject and provoked a lot of discussion from the hostages. It operates a King Air C90 which was parked on the conference delegates. ramp. With their King Air they can act as a Pathfinder team, and in their own unique way gather intelligence for a risk assessment of any crisis or disaster. Not surprisingly most of the operational DO Systems team that makes up RGUK have Special Forces background. DO Systems is one of the UK’s leading Civil ISR companies “We gather info, so that ‘first responders’ know the situation. We and James Cranswick the Chief Operating Officer presented work with technical response teams around the world, set up Commercial ISR in Conflict Areas. crisis and disaster templates they require in a palatable way. A risk assessment of the situation is part of that service.” DO Systems became the first UK company to enter a conflict with civil owned but RAF registered aircraft. This was with a Dave and his team have recently worked in Costa Rica, providing countermeasure equipped King Air, serialled ZK457, a concept SAR on a volcano which meant them take control of 18 US which has since developed into other aircraft types and a personnel. The team had to develop a map of the area because number of different applications, mostly ISR orientated. the only ones available was a small tourist one! “We brought order to chaos” David told us. Jim talked about the deployment of DO Systems two DA42MPPs to Iraq for airborne surveillance, in which Jim himself flew 400 RGUK also deploys their own mini-UAVs with digital ISR, analyse hours in 2005. They were putting a live feed in to the Command the data when it comes back & provide it to their partners and Centre at Basra so the Battle could see what was local agencies. going on. With the DA42 only burning seven US gallons an hour The first 72 hours of any such mission is the most important, it meant it could stay airborne for long periods, but it was a which RG offer free of charge, then after that, they charge the massive play off between weight and mission length. commissioning agency. The Rescue Global offices are based “We were self-sufficient, all we needed was the Jet A1 fuel – we in Westminster. had our own accommodation, life support etc as we didn’t want to be a burden to anyone. We flew 2500 hours, were available 24/7 and hit 98% aircraft despatch rate.

“Two sorties a day per 12 person roster, and the missions had to slot into a complex air environment.

“We once watched a door [through FLIR] for 36 hours straight [one aircraft on another off] as there were no other recce assets available owing to the Army’s Hermes 450 [at Basra] only being available 50% of time.

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“UAVs will never be the complete solution as the pilot can The GdiF is a special Corps created under direct authority of bring a much wider area of view which brings huge benefits. the Ministry of Economy. It is organised as a military set up and For example over Basra our pilot saw a mortar attack – the trail is a proper part of both the Armed Forces and the Police Force. and the firing location. The firing position was pinpointed some With its responsibilities ranging from tax law to economic, 8 kms (5 miles) away and the info was relayed to the Force political, social and military tasks, the GdiF is the only eco- Protection team who went to ‘talk to the person’!” financial police force in Italy.

DO Systems has done a lot of work with the Police too in recent Their main areas of interest concentrate on drug smuggling, years working in complex environments. clandestine immigration and smuggling of weapons.

James also discussed options in the Africa/Middle East region, The cocaine/cannabis smugglers tend to head east up the west which is a burgeoning market. He gave an insight into DO of Sardinia as well as the south of the island and to mainland Systems contract with the Ghana Government. Italy. The drugs and tobaccos are heading from Albania to Italy but this is now fading. Illegal immigration heads in from Tunisia Ghana which has bought the assets (two DA42MPPs and and Libya, while illegal tobacco and immigration also heads in DA42NG) for the ’s Maritime Security/Safety Service from Egypt and Turkey. The ATR 42MPs work close with military Squadron but lease the service so they get what they pay for, vessels to capture then seize the smugglers. until they are proficient enough to do the work themselves. The two DA42MPPs have sitcom, line of sight and camera The GdiF has recently developed its own Air-Naval Division equipment now. which is tasked with patrolling the sea from a financial police and maritime customs police perspective. Ghana had an immediate requirement once their oilfields were opened in 2011 as piracy in open waters in that region is a real It has a long range component which has four Helicopter Flight problem. In fact it’s now more of a problem on west coast than Units (22 AB412HPs and two AW139s) split between Pisa, it is off the coast of Somalia. Taranto, Cagliari and Catania and a Fixed Wing Flight Unit (four ATR42MPs, eight P166DP1s and two Piaggo 180AII) at Pratica di It is obvious that being a civil operator with civilian registered Mare where Ops Command is based. There are some 37 officers aircraft brings easier access in certain places, wearing a white and 210 NCOs. shirt and gold bars means that movement around airports is easier than walking around in a military flying uniform. You can The Regional Component has Helicopter Flight Units at Bari, provide rapid response as no diplomatic clearance is required Bolzano, Genova, Lamezia T, Naples, Palermo, Pescara, Pratica and with survey aircraft being common place in Africa you don’t di Mare, Rimini, Venegono, Venice with 18 officers and 211 NCOs. stick out! These operate 29 NH500s and A109AIIs which will be replaced by the A109 Nexus. Bournemouth based DO Systems has on its inventory four DA42s, one DA40, three King Airs with (G-ONAL being a hangar queen) and two Cessna 421s used by Met Office.

GdiF’s ATR 42MP operations often takes the platform to the west…

This is what’s on the horizon for Civil ISR operators in the Middle East/Africa according to DO Systems’ COO James Cranswick.

Guardia di Finanza

Flying in from Italy was Lt Domenico Tavone, Commando Generale of the Guardia di Finanza (GdiF) who spoke about Airborne ISR Operations supporting Custom and Police Operations and the Lessons Learned.

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Neil provides images of the kind of fishing and vessels the Fisheries Protection are after. and to the south-east too in a bid to stop smuggling and illegal immigration. During the evening RUAG sponsored the Dinner, open with welcome drinks and a 30 minute private viewing of the Aerospace Hangar. C-Aviation

Neil White a maritime specialist with Coventy based C-Aviation and a former RAF Air Electronics Operator in Nimrods looked at DAY 2 - National Police Air Service how civil ISR companies are involved in Fisheries Protection. Opening up the presentations for Day 2 was Superintendent He provided some historical background Using military Richard Watson, Ground Operations Director, NPAS (National techniques for civilian applications has seen civilian ISR Police Air Service). He started his paper NPAS – Delivering companies working with the Fisheries Protection in a bid to Air Support to Policing by highlighting the difficulties of strike the right balance between available fish stocks and the streamlining the Police Air Support structure. fishing efforts being conducted. In 2009 the 43 different police forces was autonomous, He outlined the extent of Operations in UK Waters with a managed its own budgets and there were no procedures to 200nm EEZ or a median line around the UK as shown on the work together! They were all locally controlled with the 31 Air screen. British ships have a 6 mile inshore limit. Support Units operating 33 aircraft with an annual budget of £60 million. Since then the policing budget has been cut by Fishery Protection Areas of Responsibilities within the UK was 25% so savings had to be made everywhere except for the ‘local outlined in a bid to illustrate who was responsible for what. bobbies on the beat’. Fisheries Protection in English and Scottish waters is covered by A comprehensive review was commissioned by Chief Constable a Cessna 208 and a Cessna F406 fitted with a RDR-1553 radar Bernard Hogan-Howe in 2009 to identify serious inefficiencies which flies out 200 miles, fitted with EO/IR and DF systems. with current air operations – both in terms of cost and capability. The review recommended the current system be replaced with P-68 Observer G-SVEY fitted with a Star Safire III has been “A national service, regionally co-ordinated for local delivery”. used for Lyme Bay night surveillance and with the FLIR you can identify any vessel illegally fishing and what it is doing. It would be delivered by a lead force model, West Yorkshire Police, with a centralised despatch function 23 bases and 28 aircraft including three reserve aircraft.

The rotary fleet comprises four EC145s, 17 EC135s (one is currently on lease to ), one A109 and seven MD902s. Each helicopter is budgeted to fly 1,000 hours a year. The MD902 based at Wakefield has 16,000 hours on the airframe – the highest in the world for this type of helicopter.

Richard claims 300 incidents are reported per day…over 100,000 per year. In contrast UK SAR attends on average 8 incidents per day.

Today some 98% of the population is within 20 minutes of an Fisheries Protection Areas of Responsibilities in the UK air support unit. It is now a £55 million business, the equivalent to 1800 Police Officers so as Richard explained ‘they need to deliver a tangible value’.

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Richard told us “Without doubt a joined up service provides better value for money and availability has gone up by 20%. Airborne Surveillance Solutions There used to be no formal agreements between agencies when aircraft were being overhauled, so if they were away there was Next up was Chris Norton, Director of 2Excel Aviation Ltd to no replacement! present Airborne Surveillance Solutions. He spent 22 years in the RAF as a Harrier pilot and commanded No 1 (F) Squadron before founding 2Excel.

2Excel has five Extra 300 supporting The Blades aerobatic team; five PA-31 as flying laboratories, three King Air flying laboratories and two Boeing 727s for oil pollution.

The company, founded in 2005, has four business sectors – Scimitar which is contract-air allowing people to contract their aircraft; Broadsword – Commuter work; Sabre – JTAC Training and the Blades aerobatic team.

He discussed the issues surrounding aerial surveillance and its differing contexts in which surveillance is conducted. Explained how you can overcome issues to alleviate the impact of some of NPAS Air Operations and the Regional Commands. the constraints, or fail to deliver on its promises. He discussed electro optics (EO), infra-red (IR) sensors, lasers, and some of the techniques that can be used to enhance “The main driver behind this new structure has been to save these products. money, we have already saved £8 million but could save another £7 million. Furthermore, you can now transfer to other forces now, you couldn’t before. Longer term the economies of scale Institute for Solar Research such as joint maintenance contracts on engineering, pilotage etc should see even better efficiencies. Christoph Prahl, Head of the QFly Project, DLR – Institute for Solar Research, Germany discussed the challenging world of The Roll Out Schedule for the new Air Support Units are: Airborne Shape Measurement of Parabolic through May 2012 1 aircraft loaned to Norway to support the Police there. Collector Fields.

October 1, 2012 – South-East 4 Bases, 7 aircraft

January 29, 2013 – North-West 4 Bases, 4 aircraft Cobham

April 1, 2013 – North-East 4 Bases, 4 aircraft Mal Hammans, Director ISR, Cobham is a former Tornado July 3, 2012 – South-West 3 Bases, 3 aircraft back-seater who flew 19 operational missions on the RAF jet during Operation Desert Storm. During staff tours he managed October 2, - Central Region 4 Bases, 4 aircraft EW trials and evaluations at the RAF Waddington-based Air Warfare Centre. Several of the trials were joint US/UK EW January 29, 2014 - Metropolitan 1 Base, 3 aircraft evaluations carried out at Eglin, China Lake and Tolicha Peak TBC - three bases and three aircraft Ranges. Mal joined FR Aviation as Head of EW Operations in 1997 based at Bournemouth Airport. He was appointed Director There are now aspirations to acquire a fixed wing fleet, with a ISR Operations, Cobham on July 1, 2012 and is responsible for all trial expected to take start in Quarter 4 of 2013 for about six Flight Inspection and Surveillance operations and months. These could be used as command and control contract delivery. platforms providing Police and the increased situational awareness. He spoke about the Australian airborne contract – the biggest in the world. Its primary focus is to provide civil maritime Longer term there are hopes the Police ASUs could evolve into a surveillance on behalf of the Australian Customs and Border Hong Kong Government Flying Service type of operations. This Protection Command. Until this contract was awarded to would include Fire and Rescue Service and HEMS (Helicopter Cobham all the differing agencies worked separately, but now Emergency Medical Service) and maybe even the surveillance Cobham works with them all to ensure they get what they want. needs of other government departments. Good luck on that one Richard!

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In effect the company is carrying out strategic and targeted operations on behalf of various government agencies:

Australian Federal Police

Australian Quarantine Inspection Service

Department of Immigration

Australian Fisheries Management Authority

Australian Defence Force

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA)

AUSSAR The Cairns area of operations covers all of Australia’s coastline surveillance needs. Plus many more

The Cobham aircraft and crews often operate as Forward Air Support for the Royal Australian and Australian Customs Patrol Vessels. It also works with P-3 Orion surveillance aircraft of the RAAF.

Cobham’s Australian assets are contracted for 17,000 flight hours (15,000 for Dash 8 surveillance and 2,000 on Cessna F406 surveillance). They are split between three bases spread over Australia.

• Cairns, Queensland has ten crews and six aircraft: 3 Dash 8 (MPA) 2 Cessna F406 And there is the small matter of surveillance over the Great 1 Dash 8 LADS for Navy Survey Barrier Reef which covers more territory than the UK! Dedicated Ground Training Facility and Instructors

• Darwin, Northern Territory with ten crews Mel then went on to talk about Cobham’s Oil Spill Response 4 Dash 8 MPAs Ltd (OSRL) contract, which has been operational since January 1, 2012. This is classified as an Emergency Service by • Broome, Western Australia with nine crews the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and 3 Dash 8 MPAs OSRL. The Bournemouth based company has a Do 228 which is available 24 hours, 365 days a year to respond oil spills that The six Dash 8 series 202s are high wing so enabling better need to be verified from the air. visual surveillance and are fitted with Raytheon radar and MX-15 FLIR. A Selex mission system fuses all the information together There is a 30 minute alert notice to move for verification and and submits via Satcom to HQ at Canberra. command control, with a maximum of six hours time over target (TOT) subject to agreed exemptions. Equipment role fit for the The four Dash 8 300s based at Darwin are all fitted with 1,000lb Do228 includes an MX-15 EO/IR turret, CarteNav system, three fuel cabin tanks to extend their range. UV and IR nose mounted cameras, a maritime radar, a Satcom to enable a live data and video feed as well as During its duties, Cobham’s surveillance aircraft locate, identify marine communications. and record evidence of vessels performing illegal activities within the Australian Exclusion Economic Zone. A second aircraft, a BN-2 Islander G-NOIL is operated under subcontract to Cobham on behalf of OSRL and has been based According to Mel “It’s like having a contract to patrol the at Wick with effect from March 27, 2013 with full CAA approvals. whole of Europe! Australia has 36,000 sq km of coastline and It has no systems on board, just Mk 1 eyeball. 8,148,250 sq kms of AEEZ maritime area, which means we have to work closely with all the agencies to ensure they get what The Islander has a 30 minute notice to move for verification with they want and most of it is tackling immigration. We only get a TOT within four hours from activation and a 90 minute notice paid when we deliver the data,” to move for spray with a TOT within four hours from activation with a full dispersant load. Much attention centres around the Torres Straits, where there are some 250 islands. There is only 4kms (2 miles) between G-NOIL will be relocated to Bournemouth to allow Cobham to Australian islands and Papua New Guinea and there is a major offer a layered response. quarantine risk, much drug and gun smuggling activity so aircraft surveillance is carried out in that area every day.

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That ended the presentations and a Civil ISR Workshop sponsored by RUAG Aviation then followed with Laurence Price Business Development Manager RUAG looking at Considerations for Modifications and Upgrade Programs.

RUAG flew in a Puma, T-323 to the conference with its latest helicopter self protection system.

The ISSYS-POD is a podded, self-protection system that can be fitted to a range of helicopters, warning crews of radar, laser and missile threats. The system can also fire off IR and chaff decoys automatically.

RUAG’s ISR Portfolio. It was revealed that the ISR dedicated Do228 was now named the Enforcer. The Bangladesh Navy received their second aircraft during the conference.

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