DOCSLIB.ORG

Characteristic Fungus Odours

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characteristic Fungus Odours CHARACTERISTIC FUNGUS ODOURS Quite apart from repellent smells of stinkhorns, mycologists have long recognised that many toadstools have a characteristic odour. These range over a wide olfactory spectrum from the pleasing, the curious and intriguing, to the unpleasant. For anyone with a normal sense of smell, odours may be used as an aid to confirm identification. Elias Fries (1794-1878) a founding father of modern fungus taxonomy, puzzlingly described Scytinostroma odoratumas having “a strong odour of foreign travellers”, while Julius Schaeffer (1882-1944) (who devised the Schaeffer reaction for Agaricus species) described a number of Russula species as smelling of cheese or sweaty feet. Those pioneers of the fungus foray, the Woolhope Club of Hereford, reported in their 1869 Transactions that “Agaricus incana (Entoloma incanum) is remarkable for its strong and persistent smell of mice, and some amusement was created by the persevering way in which some of the members went on to convince themselves time after time of its disagreeable odour”. In modern times, this fungus has been given the recommended English name of “Mousepee Pinkgill” 1 The strong aniseed scent of Haploporus odorus, a bracket fungus of Nordic latitudes2, ensured its use as a natural perfume even when dried. Linnaeus mentions that a Lapland youth would carry it in his pocket when going out wooing. The unique aroma of the true truffle - that slightly garlicky, very earthy pungent deep musky smell –is highly prized in gourmet cuisine. Toadstool odours are many and varied, often inspiring peculiar descriptions such as steam engine smoke, crabs, gingerbread, stagnant water, cooking artichokes, and many other substances. Some species with distinctive odours have specific epithets indicating odour, such as odora or odorata, meaning scented or aromatic. Others embody word-elements such as -olens meaning “smelling of”, as in Russula meliolens “smelling of honey”, and –osm-(o/a/us/um) meaning “odour” as in Cortinarius osmophorus (odour bearing, odoriferous), and diosma (two odours) where either a mixture of odours is immediately detectable or distinctively different odours may be perceived in succession. Conversely, inolens indicates the lack of odour where otherwise it usually occurs, as in the odourless form of the Aniseed Cockleshell, Lentinellus cochleatus var. inolens. Some odours are difficult to define and although clearly perceived may lack a distinctive association. These may be described merely as “fruity”, “flowery”, “sweet” or “unpleasant”. Where odours are faint or elusive, crushing a piece of the flesh, or enclosing the material briefly in a clean container, may reveal a distinct odour not otherwise evident in the cut or crushed flesh. Different parts of an Agaric fruitbody should be checked such as at the base of the stipe, 1 the flesh, the gills, and from a pile of fruiting bodies. The base of the stipe of some Cortinarius and Hebeloma species has an odour of honey not detectable on other parts of the toadstool.For example, a European Agaric Pholiota squarrosoides3 (rare in the UK) grows on wood in large clusters which are claimed to have an odour somewhere between coffee and chocolate, yet the flesh totally lacks this odour. While aging or dried material may still provide a useful odour, where decay is more advanced the material may prove of little value for odour testing. A significant number of “fruity” odours occur in Russula spp along with a variety of interesting smells, while Clitocybe and Tricholoma are known for mealy, farinaceous odours, whereas in Inocybe a fair number are spermatic while others have the aroma ofJasmine or ripe pears. The human sense of smell is rather subjective and certain odours may be perceived by some people quite differently from others, sometimes leading to vigorous debate, and equivocal odours may therefore be listed under more than one heading in the odours table. Nevertheless, there has been sufficient agreement on many odours to record their associations. As information on toadstool odours is randomly scattered throughout the literature, a table derived from various sources of characteristic fungus odours is set out below, as an aid to identification. CHARACTERISTIC FUNGUS ODOURS +/- means ‘more or less’ acetylene Cortinarius traganus. Stephensia bombycina. ammonia or nitrous odour Mycena leptocephala; M. capillaripes. amyl acetate see pear-drops. aniseed or anise Clitocybe odora; C. fragrans. Haploporus odorus. Lentinellus cochleatus. Osmoporus odoratus. Trametes suaveolens. Tricholoma apium. apples, see also fruity Russula adulderina; R. atropurpurea; R. cavipes; R. depallens; R. queleti; R. sardonia var. sardoni; R. solaris; R. taeniospora. apples, fermenting Russula maculata. apple, stewed Russula fellea. 2 apricots Cantharellus cibarius. Russula (lutea) risgallina. R. neglecta.. Rhodotus palmatus. aromatic Leucopaxillus paradoxus. Choiromyces meandriformis (when fresh milky, later foetid). artichoke, cooking Russula amoena (strongly); R. violeipes (fugitive). artichoke Hygrophorus cossus. Russula amoena sensu Romagnesi; R. violeipes (syn amoena sensu Pearson) (fugitive); R. sororia (syn amoenolens sensu Romagn.). artichoke, Jerusalem Hysterangium nephriticum (at first; then disagreeable). Russula amoenolens. banana Inocybe tenebrosa (= I. atripes). basil Tricholoma atrosquamosum. bleach, domestic, or chlorine see Hypochlorite. bread rusk Amanita excelsa var. excelsa. bubble gum Entoloma ameides. bugs (bed bugs) suggestive of: Russula delica, Lactarius quietus. L. subumbonatus. burnt sugar Hebeloma sacchariolens. cabbage, cooked or rotten Gymnopus (Collybia) impudicus. Gymnopus (Collybia) hariolorum. Gymnopus (Micromphale) foetidus. Gymnopus brassicolens var. brassicolens. Gymnopus perforans. Phyllotopis nidulans. Camembert cheese Ileodictyon cibarium. Stephensia bombycina. carrots Lactarius deterimus. cedar-wood Agaricus pilantianus. Russula badia; R. maculata. celery Tricholoma apium. chicory, or cheap coffee Agaricus vaporarius. Lactarius helvus; L. subumbonatus. 3 cheesy Cortinarius camphoratus. Hymenogaster citrinus. Russula sororia; R. virescens. cigar box Mycena diosma; mixed with flowery or radish. cinnamon Lentinus lepideus. citronella, oil of Antrodia xantha. citrus Antrodia xantha. clove oil Russula violaceoides. coconut, desiccated Lactarius glyciosmus. Russula aurantiaca; R. betularum; R. emetic; R. emeticella; R. (pulchella) exalbicans; R. gracilima; R. knauthii; R.mairei. cocoa Fayodia gracilipes. Some Hebeloma spp. cod-liver oil Entoloma hirtipes (mealy smell, mixed with cucumber and fish). Convalaria majalis blossom Hymenogaster griseus. crabs Russula erythropus ; R. erythropus; R. xerampelina var. fusca; & var. olivascens; & var. barlae; R. violipes(slight when fresh). Crataegus blossom Crataegus leaves infected with Monilinia johnsonii. coumarin or chicory Lactarius glyciosmus; L. helvus. Phellodon spp. Tricholoma caligatum. cucumber Entoloma hirtipes (mealy smell, mixed with cucumber and fish). Macrocystidia cucumis. Tephrocybe palustris. curry Lactarius camphoratus especially after drying; L. helvus. drains Stephensia bombycina. earthy Clitocybe hydrogramma. Cystoderma carharias. Inocybe cervicolor. eau-de-cologne Lepista irina. 4 feathers, chicken hutch Clitocybe hydrogramma. C. (Singerocybe) phaeophthalma. fennel Tricholoma apium. fenugeek leaves, dried Phleogena faginea (intensifying on drying). fishy Agaricus bernardii. Entoloma hirtipes (cod-liver oil smell; mealy mixed with cucumber and fish). Clitocybe inornata. Inocybe bongardii var. pisciodora. Macrocystidia cucumis. Russula delica (sometimes). flowery see Hyacinth; Jasmine; pear blossom; white-thorn blossom. Puccinia punctiformis. flowery, violets Lepista irina. Phallus hadriani (when fresh; later foetid). foetid, nauseous, oily Camarophyllopsis foetens. Gymnopus foetidus. Russula foetens: R. subfoetens; R. pectinata; R. pectinatoides. foetid, carrion Phallus impudicus. Phallus hadriani at maturity. foetid, faecal Aseroe rubra. Clathrus ruber. Coprinopsis picacea (with mothballs). Ileodictyon cibarium. Lysurus cruciatus. Mutinus caninus. Mutinus ravenelii. foxy Marasmius wynneae when old. fruity, unspecific Cortinarius diosmus; radish when cut at first, later fruity. Russula rosea (slightly); R. solaris; R. silvestris. fruity, apples Amanita excelsa var. excelsa. Gloeohypochnicium analogum. Lactarius evosmus. Phaeolepiota aurea. The odour is characteristic of Russula violacea group of stewed apples, blackcurrants or gooseberries, or Pelargonium. Russula adulterina; R. atropurpurea; R. carminea; R. consobrina, smell faint; R. fellea. R. mairei. R. queletii. fruity, apricot Cantharellus cibarius. Datronia mollis. fruity, fresh Russula farinipes; R. nigricans; R. sardonia; R. solaris. fruity, peach Cantharellus cibarius. Russula solaris; R. maire; R. lutea; R. 5 lutea. fruity, pear Cortinarius traganus var. finitimum. Hebeloma sinuosum: Inocybe bongardii var. bongardii. Lactarius acerrimus. Naucoria suavis. fruity, pineapple, canned Lactarius (Hydnangium) stephensii. Sarcodontia crocea (when fresh). fruity, plum (Mirabelle) Cantharellus cinereus. Cortinarius amoenolens. Datronia mollis. fruity, various Gloeohypochnicium analogum; when newly dried; a strong; pleasant fruity smell. Sarcodontia crocea: odour unpleasantly and intensely sweetish-fruity anise- pineapple? fruit, rotting Sarcodontia crocea when old. fungi: decaying Aurantiporus fissilis. fungi: as of Lactarius tabidus Hymenogaster olivaceus. Hymenogaster tener. Lactarius
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abies Alba Mill.) Differ Largely in Mature Silver Fir Stands and in Scots Pine Forecrops Rafal Ważny
    Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) differ largely in mature silver fir stands and in Scots pine forecrops Rafal Ważny To cite this version: Rafal Ważny. Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) differ largely in mature silver fir stands and in Scots pine forecrops. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010), 2014, 71 (7), pp.801 - 810. 10.1007/s13595-014-0378-0. hal-01102886 HAL Id: hal-01102886 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01102886 Submitted on 13 Jan 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Annals of Forest Science (2014) 71:801–810 DOI 10.1007/s13595-014-0378-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) differ largely in mature silver fir stands and in Scots pine forecrops Rafał Ważny Received: 28 August 2013 /Accepted: 14 April 2014 /Published online: 14 May 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract colonization of seedling roots was similar in both cases. This & Context The requirement for rebuilding forecrop stands suggests that pine stands afforested on formerly arable land besides replacement of meadow vegetation with forest plants bear enough ECM species to allow survival and growth of and formation of soil humus is the presence of a compatible silver fir seedlings.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in the Genus Amanita
    1170 Molecular phylogenetic studies in the genus Amanita I5ichael Weiß, Zhu-Liang Yang, and Franz Oberwinkler Abstracl A group of 49 Amanita species that had been thoroughly examined morphologically and amtomically was analyzed by DNA sequence compadson to estimate natural groups and phylogenetic rclationships within the genus. Nuclear DNA sequences coding for a part of the ribosomal large subunit were determined and evaluated using neighbor-joining with bootstrap analysis, parsimony analysis, conditional clustering, and maximum likelihood methods, Sections Amanita, Caesarea, Vaginatae, Validae, Phalloideae, and Amidella were substantially confirmed as monophyletic groups, while the monophyly of section Lepidell.t remained unclear. Branching topologies between and within sections could also pafiially be derived. Stbgenera Amanita an'd Lepidella were not supported. The Mappae group was included in section Validae. Grouping hypotheses obtained by DNA analyses are discussed in relation to the distribution of morphological and anatomical chamcters in the studied species. Key words: fungi, basidiomycetes phylogeny, Agarrcales, Amanita systematics, large subunit rDNA, 28S. R6sum6 : A partir d'un groupe de 49 esp,ces d'Amanita prdalablement examinees morphologiquement et anatomiquement, les auteurs ont utilisd la comparaison des s€quences d'ADN pour ddfinir les groupes naturels et les relations phylog6ndtiques de ce genre. Les sdquences de I'ADN nucl6aire codant pour une partie de la grande sous-unit6 ribosomale ont 6t6 ddterminEes et €valu6es en utilisant l'analyse par liaison en lacet avec le voisin (neighbor-joining with bootstrap), l'analyse en parcimonie, le rcgroupement conditionnel et les m€thodes de ressemblance maximale. Les rdsultats confirment substantiellement les sections Afiarira, Caesarea, Uaqinatae, Ualidae, Phalloideae et Amidella, comme groupes monophyldtiques, alors que la monophylie de la section Lepidella demerxe obscure.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycodiversity Studies in Selected Ecosystems of Greece: 5
    Uploaded — May 2011 [Link page — MYCOTAXON 115: 535] Expert reviewers: Giuseppe Venturella, Solomon P. Wasser Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., central Greece) ELIAS POLEMIS1, DIMITRIS M. DIMOU1,3, LEONIDAS POUNTZAS4, DIMITRIS TZANOUDAKIS2 & GEORGIOS I. ZERVAKIS1* 1 [email protected], [email protected] Agricultural University of Athens, Lab. of General & Agricultural Microbiology Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece 2 University of Patras, Dept. of Biology, Panepistimioupoli, 26500 Rion, Greece 3 Koritsas 10, 15343 Agia Paraskevi, Greece 4 Technological Educational Institute of Mesologgi, 30200 Mesologgi, Greece Abstract — Very scarce literature data are available on the macrofungi associated with sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa, Fagaceae). We report here the results of an inventory of basidiomycetes, which was undertaken in the region of Nafpactia Mts., central Greece. The investigated area, with woods dominated by C. sativa, was examined for the first time in respect to its mycodiversity. One hundred and four species belonging in 54 genera were recorded. Fifteen species (Conocybe pseudocrispa, Entoloma nitens, Lactarius glaucescens, Lichenomphalia velutina, Parasola schroeteri, Pholiotina coprophila, Russula alutacea, R. azurea, R. pseudoaeruginea, R. pungens, R. vitellina, Sarcodon glaucopus, Tomentella badia, T. fibrosa and Tubulicrinis sororius) are reported for the first time from Greece. In addition, 33 species constitute new habitats/hosts/substrates records. Key words — biodiversity, macromycete, Mediterranean, mushroom Introduction Castanea sativa Mill., Fagaceae (sweet chestnut) generally prefers north- facing slopes where the rainfall is greater than 600 mm, on moderately acid soils (pH 4.5–6.5) with a light texture. It covers ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Tree Species on Richness and Diversity of Epigeous Fungal
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication fungal ecology 4 (2011) 22e31 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Influence of tree species on richness and diversity of epigeous fungal communities in a French temperate forest stand Marc BUE´Ea,*, Jean-Paul MAURICEb, Bernd ZELLERc, Sitraka ANDRIANARISOAc, Jacques RANGERc,Re´gis COURTECUISSEd, Benoıˆt MARC¸AISa, Franc¸ois LE TACONa aINRA Nancy, UMR INRA/UHP 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France bGroupe Mycologique Vosgien, 18 bis, place des Cordeliers, 88300 Neufchaˆteau, France cINRA Nancy, UR 1138 Bioge´ochimie des Ecosyste`mes Forestiers, 54280 Champenoux, France dUniversite´ de Lille, Faculte´ de Pharmacie, F59006 Lille, France article info abstract Article history: Epigeous saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal sporocarps were assessed during Received 30 September 2009 7 yr in a French temperate experimental forest site with six 30-year-old mono-specific Revision received 10 May 2010 plantations (four coniferous and two hardwood plantations) and one 150-year-old native Accepted 21 July 2010 mixed deciduous forest. A total of 331 fungal species were identified. Half of the fungal Available online 6 October 2010 species were ECM, but this proportion varied slightly by forest composition. The replace- Corresponding editor: Anne Pringle ment of the native forest by mono-specific plantations, including native species such as beech and oak, considerably altered the diversity of epigeous ECM and saprotrophic fungi. Keywords: Among the six mono-specific stands, fungal diversity was the highest in Nordmann fir and Conifer plantation Norway spruce plantations and the lowest in Corsican pine and Douglas fir plantations.
    [Show full text]
  • Russulas of Southern Vancouver Island Coastal Forests
    Russulas of Southern Vancouver Island Coastal Forests Volume 1 by Christine Roberts B.Sc. University of Lancaster, 1991 M.S. Oregon State University, 1994 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Biology © Christine Roberts 2007 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47323-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-47323-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of Fungus Fair
    Oakland Museum, 14-15 December 2002 Mycological Society of San Francisco Catalogue of Fungus Fair Introduction ......................................................................................................................2 History ..............................................................................................................................3 Statistics ...........................................................................................................................4 Total collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of species by multiplicity of collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of taxa by genus (excluding "sp.") Common names ................................................................................................................5 Names not recently recorded ..........................................................................................6 Numbers of field labels from tables Species found - listed by name .......................................................................................7 Species found - listed by multiplicity ..........................................................................12 Forays ranked by numbers found and by measure of uniqueness............................14 Species found - by county and by foray ......................................................................15 Field and Display Label examples ................................................................................23 Print this page to make your own Field Labels ...........................................................24
    [Show full text]
  • Fundliste Der 34. Internationalenmykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau 2009. Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber, Anton Hausknecht, Wolfgang Klofac
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 2011 Band/Volume: 20 Autor(en)/Author(s): Krisai-Greilhuber Irmgard, Hausknecht Anton, Klofac Wolfgang Artikel/Article: Fundliste der 34. InternationalenMykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau 2009. 73-102 ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 20 (2011) 73 Fundliste der 34. Internationalen Mykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau 2009 IRMGARD KRISAI-GREILHUBER ANTON HAUSKNECHT Fakultätszentrum für Biodiversität der Universität Wien Rennweg 14 A-1030 Wien, Österreich Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] WOLFGANG KLOFAC Mayerhöfen 28 A-3074 Michelbach, Österreich Email: [email protected] Angenommen am 20. 11. 2011 Key words: Agaricales, Aphyllophorales, Ascomycota, Myxomycetes. – Mycoflora of Lower Austria. Abstract: A list of almost all fungi collected and identified during the 34. Mykologische Dreiländer- tagung in Litschau, Lower Austria, 2009 is presented. Altogether, 754 fungal taxa were collected, viz. 500 Agaricales s. l., 180 Aphyllophorales s. l., 63 Ascomycota and 11 others. Comments on and de- scriptions of some interesting finds and a colour photograph of some rare species are given. Zusammenfassung: Eine Liste fast aller Pilze, die während der 34. Mykologischen Dreiländertagung in Litschau, Niederösterreich, 2009, gesammelt und bestimmt wurden, wird vorgestellt. Insgesamt wurden 754 Pilztaxa gesammelt, davon 500 Agaricales, Russulales und Boletales, 180 Aphyllophora- les s. l., 63 Ascomycota und 11 Sonstige. Kommentare und Beschreibungen zu einigen interessanten Funden und Farbfotos von einigen seltenen Arten werden gegeben. Die 34. Mykologische Dreiländertagung wurde gemeinsam vom Verein Erlebnis Waldviertel und der Österreichischen Mykologischen Gesellschaft organisiert und fand vom 13.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area
    Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area • Giuseppe Venturella Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Edited by Giuseppe Venturella Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Diversity www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Editor Giuseppe Venturella MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editor Giuseppe Venturella University of Palermo Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity/special issues/ fungal diversity). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-978-2 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-979-9 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editor .............................................. vii Giuseppe Venturella Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area Reprinted from: Diversity 2020, 12, 253, doi:10.3390/d12060253 .................... 1 Elias Polemis, Vassiliki Fryssouli, Vassileios Daskalopoulos and Georgios I.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Interaction Specificity of Fungus-Growing
    BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Patterns of interaction specificity of fungus-growing termites and Termitomyces symbionts in South Africa Duur K Aanen*1,2, Vera ID Ros1,2,6, Henrik H de Fine Licht2, Jannette Mitchell3, Z Wilhelm de Beer4, Bernard Slippers4, Corinne Rouland- LeFèvre5 and Jacobus J Boomsma2 Address: 1Laboratory of Genetics, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2Department of Population Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 3Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Rietondale Research Station, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa, 4Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 5UMR-IRD 137 Biosol Laboratory of Tropical Soils Ecology (LEST) – Centre IRD d'Ile de France, 32 avenue Henri Varagnat 93 143 – Bondy Cedex, France and 6Evolutionary Biology, Institutefor Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Email: Duur K Aanen* - [email protected]; Vera ID Ros - [email protected]; Henrik H de Fine Licht - [email protected]; Jannette Mitchell - [email protected]; Z Wilhelm de Beer - [email protected]; Bernard Slippers - [email protected]; Corinne Rouland-LeFèvre - [email protected]; Jacobus J Boomsma - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 13 July 2007 Received: 30 March 2007 Accepted: 13 July 2007 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7:115 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-115 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/115 © 2007 Aanen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016
    Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016 **Agaricus sylvicola grp (woodland Agaricus, possibly A. chionodermus, slight yellowing, no bulb, almond odor) Agaricus semotus Albatrellus ovinus (orange brown frequently cracked cap, white pores) **Albatrellus sp. (smooth gray cap, tiny white pores) **Amanita muscaria supsp. flavivolvata (red cap with yellow warts) **Amanita muscaria var. guessowii aka Amanita chrysoblema (yellow cap with white warts) **Amanita “stannea” (tin cap grisette) **Amanita fulva grp.(tawny grisette, possibly A. “nishidae”) **Amanita gemmata grp. Amanita pantherina multisquamosa **Amanita rubescens grp. (all parts reddening) **Amanita section Amanita (ring and bulb, orange staining volval sac) Amanita section Caesare (prov. name Amanita cochiseana) Amanita section Lepidella (limbatulae) **Amanita section Vaginatae (golden grisette) Amanita umbrinolenta grp. (slender, ringed cap grisette) **Armillaria solidipes (honey mushroom) Artomyces pyxidatus (whitish coral on wood with crown tips) *Ascomycota (tiny, grayish/white granular cups on wood) **Auricularia Americana (wood ear) Auriscalpium vulgare Bisporella citrina (bright yellow cups on wood) Boletus barrowsii (white king bolete) Boletus edulis group Boletus rubriceps (red king bolete) Calyptella capula (white fairy lanterns on wood) **Cantharellus sp. (pink tinge to cap, possibly C. roseocanus) **Catathelesma imperiale Chalciporus piperatus Clavariadelphus ligula Clitocybe flavida aka Lepista flavida **Coltrichia sp. Coprinellus
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Innerfrontcover40 2.Indd 1 8/27/2010 2:27:58 PM BOTHALIA
    ISSN 0006 8241 = Bothalia Bothalia A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Vol. 40,2 Oct. 2010 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE PRETORIA Obtainable from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa. A catalogue of all available publications will be issued on request. BOTHALIA Bothalia is named in honour of General Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This house journal of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, is devoted to the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published annually. Three booklets of the contents (a) to Vols 1–20, (b) to Vols 21–25, (c) to Vols 26–30, and (d) to Vols 31–37 (2001– 2007) are available. STRELITZIA A series of occasional publications on southern African flora and vegetation, replacing Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens. MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA The memoirs are individual treatises usually of an ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomy or economic botany. Published: Nos 1–63 (many out of print). Discontinued after No. 63. ANNALS OF KIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora.Published: Vols 14–19 (earlier volumes published as supplementary volumes to the Journal of South African Botany). Discontinued after Vol. 19. FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA (FPA) This serial presents colour plates of African plants with accompanying text.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulk Isolation of Basidiospores from Wild Mushrooms by Electrostatic Attraction with Low Risk of Microbial Contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2*
    Lakkireddy and Kües AMB Expr (2017) 7:28 DOI 10.1186/s13568-017-0326-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Bulk isolation of basidiospores from wild mushrooms by electrostatic attraction with low risk of microbial contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2* Abstract The basidiospores of most Agaricomycetes are ballistospores. They are propelled off from their basidia at maturity when Buller’s drop develops at high humidity at the hilar spore appendix and fuses with a liquid film formed on the adaxial side of the spore. Spores are catapulted into the free air space between hymenia and fall then out of the mushroom’s cap by gravity. Here we show for 66 different species that ballistospores from mushrooms can be attracted against gravity to electrostatic charged plastic surfaces. Charges on basidiospores can influence this effect. We used this feature to selectively collect basidiospores in sterile plastic Petri-dish lids from mushrooms which were positioned upside-down onto wet paper tissues for spore release into the air. Bulks of 104 to >107 spores were obtained overnight in the plastic lids above the reversed fruiting bodies, between 104 and 106 spores already after 2–4 h incubation. In plating tests on agar medium, we rarely observed in the harvested spore solutions contamina- tions by other fungi (mostly none to up to in 10% of samples in different test series) and infrequently by bacteria (in between 0 and 22% of samples of test series) which could mostly be suppressed by bactericides. We thus show that it is possible to obtain clean basidiospore samples from wild mushrooms.
    [Show full text]