Address: other usersinKosovo. forobjective and partments andprovideproperinformationfordecision-makers de- users government support of to order needs in analyses the and data statistical tofulfill is Mission Office The fices whilst38(28.4%)inregionaloffices. of- SOK the within (71.6%) 96 them of 134, are Total employees ment of Administration), aswelltheOfficeofCensus. Information Technologyand Methodology of partment Depart- and (De- depart-ments Ferizaj), twosupport and Peja, Prizren,Pristina tics), seven Regional Offices (located in Gjakova, Gjilan, Mitrovica, Statis- Environment and Agricultural of Department and Statistics Social of Department Statistics, Population Ac- of Department counts, National and Statistics Economic of (Department partments de- productive four of: Composes Structure; Organization SOK Budget anddonorsforvariousprojects. Services. Public Consolidated Kosovo the by financed is SOK The inde-pendent and an professional office as in the 1999, frames of 2, the Ministry August of on work its restarted Kosovo of Office cal Statisti - The time. that of rule state the by structured been has it ing since 1948, which passed through some of the historic phases; operat- office professional a Is Kosovo, of Office Statistical The Statistical OfficeofKosovo(SOK)abriefdescription Web-site: www.ks-gov.net/esk E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +381(038)235033 Director: +381(038)235545 Head-quarter: +381(038)235111 Telephone: Zenel SalihuStr. No:4,Prishtina Statistical OfficeofKosovo

I Seri n st it uc ione t e Përkoh

Mi ni shm str i a e Shërb e a e Statistike Spolje Trgovine Vet ë Qever

Facts on the Environment q 2006 everis i meve Pub meve ja 3: Ekonomske Statistike Ekonomske 3: ja i a e Kos e a se / Pr / ëse l o ike / M / ike vë ivr s / Vlad / s em i na I ena ni star a Kos a n s s t t vo i t o uc va javn ija / Governme / Sam ih

služb o up i rave / P / rave / M nt o nt i n i f s Kos t r ry ovi of Pub of o s vo i o nal I nal l i c n Serv st it ut ice ion s s of Se of lf Go lf ve rnm

ent

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Facts on the Environment

Introduction

This first publication, on “Facts on the Environment” aims to inform in a statistically manner different users on the environmental status in Kosovo. This modest publication aims also to contribute in “history” of a sustain information on environmental situation in Kosovo. The publication was done by Statistical Office of Kosovo using all the available data sources. They had been put then together in such order to facilitate the portrayal of the environment status. This publication is the result of a close cooperation of the Statistical Office of Kosovo with the Ministry of Environmental and Spatial Planning. Special acknowledgement goes to Statistics Sweden for offering its technical assistance, as well as to the cooperation (SIDA) which made possible the realization the publication. Especially thank goes to Swedish statistics experts Mrs.Marianne Eriksson, Mrs.Ingrid Floren and Statistics Sweden Long-term consultant Mrs.Milva Ekonomi. This publication was prepared by following personnel from Agriculture and Environment Statistics Department at SOK:

Bajrush Qevani Mr.sc.Haki Kurti Arta Salihu-Morina

Wishing to you all a beneficial use of it,

September, 2007 Chief Executive Officer Avni Kastrati

1 Facts on the Environment

Abbreviations and Acronyms

HBS Households Budget Survey (SOK) AHS Agricultural Household Survey DHS Demographic and Health Survey (SOK) LFS Labor Force Survey (SOK) LSMS Living Standard Measurement Survey EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product SOK Statistical Office of Kosovo NPHI National Public Health Institution KEK Electro-energetic Corporation of Kosovo KFOR Kosovo Force MAFRD Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development MESP Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning MPS Ministry of Public Services MH Ministry of Health NAG Fertilizer (Nitrat) NPK Fertilizer (Nitrogen, Phosphorues, Calcareous) URE Fertilizer (URE) UNMIK United Nations Mission in Kosovo SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency WWRO Water and Waste Regulatory Office IUCN World Organization of Nature Conservation LKSH Albanian Red Book LH Kosovo Law on Hunting, 1973.

Key to Symbols

- Zero : No Data . Not applicable 0 Magnitude less than half of unit employed ha Hectares kg Kilogram µg m³ Microgram m³ t Tonne % Percent

2 Facts on the Environment Contents

Contents

1. Geographic and weather information on Kosovo ...... 8 2. Land use and agriculture...... 15 3. Biodiversity...... 24 3.1 Protected area ...... 28 3.2 The situation of biodiversity in Kosovo...... 28 3.3 Mammalians...... 32 3.4 Natural hydrological monuments...... 33 4. Waste...... 34 5. Water ...... 48 5.1 Water resources...... 48 5.2 Water supply...... 51 5.3 Monitoring drinking water quality in Kosovo...... 54 5.4 Waste water...... 54 6. Energy and air ...... 56 6.1 Energy...... 56 6.2 Transport...... 61 6.3 Air quality...... 62

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4 Facts on the Environment Background

Environmental statistics can be structured in different ways, the most commonly used are by area (air, water, waste etc.) and the DPSIR- model. In this publication the data are presented by area and in each area the statistics is, as far as possible, arranged according to the DPSIR-model.

1.1DPSIR Model

The DPSIR model

Driving forces Respons Activities indirectly What is done to reduce cuasing environmental the problems, problems, e.g. energy-use, e.g. protection av land transportation and industrial areas, legislation, taxes, production public transport

Pressure Impact Origin of the problem Consequences of e.g. Emissions from changes in the industries and transports environment och generation of waste e.g. number of cancer cases, loss of biodiversity, economic damage

State State of the natural environment e.g. air quality, acidification and eutrofication of water and soil

The DPSIR model is an extension of the PSR (Pressure, State, Response) model adopted by the OECDs State of the Environment (SoE) group and by European Environment Agency (EEA), being also used by EUROSTAT for the organisation of the environmental statistics.

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This analytical framework permits to organise the information and to integrate socio-economic and ecological elements by dressing relationships between five indicator categories: Driving forces (e.g., agricultural practices, industrial production, technology) are determining Pressures (e.g., toxic emissions, CO2 emissions), that are subsequently degrading the State of the environment (e.g., the concentration of mercury in forest soils, the global mean temperature), these Impacts (e.g., forest acidification, endocrine disrupting effects on mammals) imposing Responses of the society (e.g., legislative measures, taxes, research programmes). D Driving force indicators are not very responsive ("elastic"): the monitored phenomena, e.g. road traffic, are driven by powerful economic forces, and therefore it can hardly be expected that these trends will change drastically in future. For example, politicians cannot seriously suggest to abolish private cars, if they want to stay in office. However, Driving force indicators are useful to: a) calculate a variety of pressure indicators, e.g. by multiplying the mileage of cars with specific coefficients like "average CO 2 per car and km"; b) help decision-makers to plan actions ("responses") needed to avoid future problems ("pressures"), for example the capacity of roads; c) serve as a basis for scenario development and long-term planning. P Pressure indicators point directly at the causes of problems. One specific feature of pressure indicators is that they should be responsive, that is, a decision-maker has indeed a chance to reduce the indicator (and thus the problem) by launching appropriate actions. They will also serve as an incentive for rational solutions, since they demonstrate the effectiveness of political action early enough to hold responsible those who launched the action. S State indicators, in contrast, are often too slow. For example, a state indicator showing the acidity of forest soils points back to the NO x and SO 2 emissions of the last ten years; the politically responsible persons may have retired in the meantime. On the other hand, state indicators can serve to make a first assessment of the situation (what is the current state of the forest soils? where could corrective measures be applied?) , and they are certainly appropriate tools to plan habitat restoration and similar clean-up activities. I Impact indicators react even slower than state indicators. When the impacts are felt, it is usually too late for action. In addition, it is rarely possible to establish solid statistical correlations between pressures, state, and impacts, due to the enormous delays and the influence of non-environmental variables. The main purpose of impact indicators is

6 Facts on the Environment to demonstrate DPSIR patterns, in particular: cause-effect chains , and to facilitate informed discussions about actions to avoid negative impacts in future. In this sense, they are not statistical "indicators", but scientific "decision models".

Source: Internet, DPSIR model -The Pressure-State-Respons Model

7 Facts on the Environment 1. GEOGRAPHIC AND WEATHER INFORMATION ON KOSOVO

Kosovo is a territory in centre of Balkan Peninsula, with no access to sea. Kosovo borders with Serbia in Northeast, Macedonia (FYROM) in South, Albania in Southwest and Montenegro in Northwest. The area of Kosovo is 10 908 km2.The climate in Kosovo is continental with warm summers and cold winters. Kosovo is densely populated with about 193 persons per km2, and divided into 30 municipalities. The capital of Kosovo is Pristine.

Table 1. 1: Geographical coordinates

Coordinates Degrees Minutes

Northen latitude 43 16

Southern latitude 41 53

Eastern longitude 21 47

Western longitude 19 59 Source: SOK, Cartography

Kosovo lies in the southern part of medium geographical border of the half northern sphere and its climate is mainly continental with some Mediterranean and alpine influences. Key local factors that influence Kosovo’s climate are relieve, waters, land and plants. In Kosovo there are present all forms of atmospheric falls. The most important falls are in the form of rain in the valleys and snow falls in mountains. In Kosovo there are in average 160 rainy days per year.

The municipality of Prishtina is 572 km² and lies in the north-western part of Kosovo.

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Table 1. 2: Air temperature in Prishtine, 2004–2006. °C

2004 2005 2006 Month Max Min Max Min Max Min January 13 -12 12 -10 8-20 February 16 -14 12 -18 14 -22 March 20 -7 20 -13 22 -17 April 22 3 24 -4 17 7 May 24 2 29 2 21 9 June 29 9 33 3 25 12 July 34 9 35 11 28 14 August 33 10 34 8 27 14 September 29 3 29 8 23 10 October 25 4 23 -4 : : November 24 -10 16 -6 : : December : : 14 -22 : : Source: KFOR HQ Meteo

Table 1. 3: Weather in Prishtine, 2004–2006. Number of days

2004 2005 2006 Rain/ Storm Rain/ Storm Rain/ Storm snow days snow days snow days January 21 0 14 0 80 February 16 2 17 0 20 1 March 16 1 17 0 19 0 April 21 6 11 3 18 1 May 18 4 9610 2 June 14 9 8313 0 July 8311 5 81 August 648413 1 September 10 0 14 4 91 October 10 1 61 : : November 16 1 15 0 : : December : : 15 0 : : Source: KFOR HQ Meteo

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Table 1. 4: Total population in Kosovo, 2002–2005 (thousands)

Year Total population Women Men

2002 1.985 982 1.003 2003 2.016 988 1.028 2004 2.041 1.004 1.037 2005 2.070 1.010 1.060 Source: SOK, Pub. Women and men in Kosovo

The table 1.4 presents the population estimations for 2005.The estimations were based on the statistical methods used for estimations, prognoses and projections. The total population in Kosovo in the end of 2005 is estimated to be 2 070 000 inhabitants.

Figure 1. 1: Population by age-groups and sex, 2005. Per cent Per cent 100 Male Female 80

60

40

20

0 –15 years 15–24 25–54 55–64 65– 15–64

Source: SOK, Labor Force Survey

About 31 per cent of the population is younger than 15 years and only 7 per cent of the population in Kosovo is older than 64 years. The family size is about 6,2 members. The average age of merriage is 30,3 years old for men, 27 yeras old for women. The data shows that a kosovar women give births to 3 children in average

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Table 1. 5: Employed by economic activities, 2002–2005. Per cent

Economic activity 2002 2003 2004 2005 Agriculture 10,3 17,3 24,7 18,8 Miners 1,6 1,4 1,1 1,6 Manufacturing 10,7 10,5 8,6 9,6 Electricity 4,9 3,5 4,3 3,2 Construction 11,2 11,3 8,0 7,9 Trade 17,0 13,9 13,9 13,8 Hotels 3,9 3,0 3,3 3,5 Transport 4,1 4,4 4,7 4,2 Finance 0,8 0,9 1,1 1,1 Business 0,7 0,8 2,2 2,4 Public 8,7 9,4 6,7 8,2 administration Education 11,2 12,0 10,6 10,8 Health 5,7 5,1 4,6 5,2 Other 9,2 6,5 6,4 9,7 Source: SOK, Labor Force Survey

Figure 1. 2: Employed by sex and economic activity, 2005. Per cent

Per cent 25 Male Female 20

15

10

5

0 Agri- Min- Manu- Elec- Con- Trade Ho- Trans- Fin- Busi-Public Edu- Heal- Other cul- ing factu- tri- struc- tels port ance ness admi- ca- th ture ring city tion nistra- tion tion

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Table 1. 6: Total employees in public administration

2003 2004 2005 Sector Number % Number % Number % General services 8.451 12,00 9.319 12,59 9.123 12,31 Public peace and 13.293 18,88 15.372 20,77 16.098 21,73 order Education 31.858 45,24 32.129 43,41 31.625 42,69 Health 13.694 19,45 13.639 18,43 13.239 17,87 Economy 1.346 1,91 1.528 2,06 1.514 2,04 Culture and 431 0,61 478 0,65 487 0,66 recreation Housing issues 1.119 1,59 1.261 1,70 1.730 2,34 Environment 231 0,33 282 0,38 265 0,36 Total 70.423 100,00 74.008 100,00 74.081 100,00 Source: MPS, Division of Payroll and Payment Administration

Majority of people, employed in public administration , are working in the Education sector, followed by Health and Public peace and security. Meanwile in the environmental sector there is the lowest employment rate for the year 2003 and 2004. There are only 0,33 percentof the total number of employed person working in this sector.

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Table 1. 7: Gross domestic product by economic activity in Kosovo Considering UNMIK as a resident and contributing to GDP (in million Euro) Share of GDP at producers' Economic activities prices 2002 2003 2004 Gross Domestic Product at real prices 2589,9 2505,0 2472,5 Gross Domestic Product at producers' 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% prices

Gross Domestic Product at basic prices 84,7% 82,5% 82,0%

TOTAL ACTIVITIES 84,7% 82,5% 82,0% Agriculture and fishing 7,3% 7,5% 7,1%

Mining, manufacturing, electr. and water 13,9% 12,9% 12,5% Services 63,6% 62,2% 63,2% Construction 8,0% 8,8% 9,9% Wholesale and retail trade 7,8% 7,7% 8,4% Hotels and restaurants 2,4% 2,7% 2,7% Transport and communication 3,5% 3,4% 3,9% Financial intermediation 2,3% 3,1% 4,1% Real estate and business services 16,7% 16,1% 15,6% Public administration and defense 20,9% 18,2% 16,8% Kosovar Government 3,5% 4,3% 4,9% UNMIK 17,4% 13,9% 11,9% Education 0,8% 0,8% 0,4% Health and social work 1,0% 1,1% 0,8% Community, social and personal services 0,3% 0,3% 0,5% Plus: Taxes on products 15,3% 17,5% 16,0% Source: SOK, National Accounts 2002-2004

In Kosovo the 2002 GDP,the year which for the first time the estimation has been done locally was 2,319 billion euros. This value was lightly decreased 2003, 2004 and the estimations show the respective data 2,157 billion euros and 2,175 billion euros. The GDP per capita in

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Kosovo calculated without contribution of UNMIK residents at GDP is shown on the following table.

Table 1. 8: GDP per capita 2002-2004 (euros) Years GDP (capita) 2002 1.078 2003 1.070 2004 1.065 Source: SOK, National Accounts 2002-2004

14 Facts on the Environment 2. LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE

The total land area of Kosovo of almost 1,1 million hectares consists of 570 000 hectares agricultural land out of which nearly 300 000 hectares are arable. Other agricultural lands are mainly pasture land (165 000 hectares) and meadows (90 000 hectares). The forest area counts around 450 000 hectares. The most detailed registration of land use can be found in the Cadastre register.

Figure 2. 1: Land use in Kosovo according to Cadastre Registry, 2002, hectars

Other Water areas areas 5% 1%

Agricultural Forest land land 41% 53%

Source: Kosovo Cadastre Agency

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Table 2. 1:Land use in Kosovo according to Cadastre Registry, (ha)

Agricultu- Water Municipality Forest land Other areas Total area ral land areas Deçan 15.860 19.028 341 1.991 37.220 Gjakovë 23.296 26.753 896 7.885 58.830 Gllogovc 15.512 10.474 142 1.469 27.597 Gjilan 24.843 24.237 491 1.988 51.559 Dragash 34.430 6.434 201 1.578 42.643 Istog 23.233 20.692 324 1.191 45.440 Kaçanik 10.497 17.293 315 1.351 29.456 Klinë 17.767 11.566 377 1.231 30.941 Fushë Kosovë 7.128 1.382 100 929 9.539 Kamenicë 29.006 20.395 1.030 1.894 52.325 Mitrovicë 16.894 14.354 461 1.950 33.659 Leposaviq 23.273 27.512 521 2.664 53.970 Lipjan 24.686 12.962 326 2.198 40.172 Novobërdë 4.998 2.781 47 308 8.134 Obiliq 8.575 1.153 132 634 10.494 Rahovec 18.344 7.610 492 1.195 27.641 Pejë 31.274 25.715 841 2.533 60.363 Podujevë 34.193 25.968 617 2.555 63.333 Prishtinë 25.259 28.359 378 3.268 57.264 Prizren 34.574 24.800 784 3.411 63.569 Skenderaj 20.553 15.224 247 1.465 37.489 Shtime 6.449 6.377 106 525 13.457 Shtërpcë 13.651 10.332 201 608 24.792 Suharekë 19.373 15.070 444 1.255 36.142 Ferizaj 19.769 12.824 176 1.743 34.512 Viti 17.854 9.937 310 1.271 29.372 Vushtrri 21.756 10.431 718 1.618 34.523 Zubin Potok 10.133 20.773 1.037 1.434 33.377 Zveçan 5.379 5.970 129 837 12.315 Malishevë 15.672 13.842 159 1.004 30.677 Total 574.231 450.249 12.344 53.979 1.090.803 Source: Kosovo Cadastre Agency

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Table 2. 2: Use of agriculture land, 2004 and 2005. Private farmers

Area (ha) Area (ha) % Land use 2005 2004 2005 Utilized arable land 156.658 138.861 38 and kitchen gardens Orchards 4.458 4.016 1 Vineyards 1.291 907 0 Greenhouse 255 162 0 Meadows 73.016 89.844 25 Subtotal cultivated land 235.678 233.789 65 Pastures 6.011 8.425 2 Left fallow 23.260 23.052 6 Subtotal agriculture 264.948 265.265 73 land Forestry 81.411 76.700 21 House yard 12.993 16.082 4 Other 123 3.391 1 Total 1 395.476 361.439 100 Source: SOK, Agriculture Household survey, 2005.

Agricultural land owned or operated by household/private farmers, accounts for around 73 percent of the total land owned by private farmers. The remaining land for private farmers is land under forests and house yards. The data shows that the total surface of utilized arable land decreased in 2005 by 12 % and this surface was transformed in meadows. This is due to the increased number of livestocks in Kosovo, many farmers are dedicaty their energy to increase the capacity of livestock fund.

1 Agricultural land includes utilized arable land and kitchen gardens, orchards, vineyards, greenhouses, meadows, pasture, and land left fallow.

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Table 2. 3: Agriculture land by farm size and farm structure2, 2005

Small farms Large and specialized farms Total Farm size No. of % of No. of No. of % of Area (ha) Area (ha) % of farms Area (ha) farms farms farms farms farms

0 - 0.5 ha 33.657 10.474 19,6 5 2 2,0 33.662 10.476 19,6 0.51-1 ha 46.145 34.895 26,9 9 6 3,5 46.154 34.901 26,9 1.01 - 1.5 ha 39.129 49.039 22,8 4 5 1,6 39.133 49.044 22,8 1.51-2 ha 14.512 25.935 8,5 12 24 4,7 14.524 25.958 8,5 2.01 - 3 ha 21.610 53.484 12,6 31 78 12,1 21.641 53.561 12,6 3.01 - 4 ha 6.756 23.120 3,9 32 110 12,5 6.788 23.231 4,0 4.01 - 5 ha 3.875 17.478 2,3 21 96 8,2 3.896 17.573 2,3 5.01 - 6 ha 2.412 13.240 1,4 12 65 4,7 2.424 13.305 1,4 6.01 - 8 ha 1.712 11.764 1,0 31 217 12,1 1.743 11.981 1,0 8.01 - 10 ha 702 6.182 0,4 24 219 9,4 726 6.401 0,4 Over 10 ha 793 14.728 0,6 75 4.105 29,3 1.048 18.833 0,6 Total 171.483 260.337 100,0 265 4.928 100,0 171.739 265.265 100,0 Source: SOK, Agriculture Household Survey, 2005

Table 2. 3 presents the distribution of farms size by farm structure. Farms are classified in 11 groups according to their agricultural land area. 97 percent of small household farms are under five hectares,

2 Definitions (small farms)

The definition of a household is a union of persons that live together, and pool their income.

The definition of an agricultural household is one that possesses and cultivates more than 0.10 ha utilized arable land², or less than 0,10 ha of utilized arable land but has at least: 1 cattle and a calf, or 1 cattle and 1 heifer, or 1 cattle and 2 grown sheep or goats, or 5 grown sheep or goats or 4 grown sheep and pigs together, or 3 grown pigs, or 50 grown poultry, or 20 beehives, or

More than 20 m² of fish pond.

18 Facts on the Environment and these account for 81 percent of the agricultural land in small farms, while 3 percent of farms over five hectares account for 19 percent of the land. In 2005, the mean farm size of the small household farms, counting agricultural land only, was 1,5 ha. The standard deviation is small; 1,74. Bearing in mind the number and land area under small farms, the overall size distribution of agricultural land in Kosovo is almost identical to the distribution of small household farms and the mean farm size is 1,5 ha. This very fragmented farm structure impedes the development of commercial agriculture and perpetuates subsistence farming.

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Table 2.4: Livestock number as of October–November 2005 in private farms

Large and Livestock type Small farms Total specialized farms

Cattle 349.196 2.631 351.827 Calves less than 6 months 76.282 447 76.729 Bulls and heifers 6 months 52.747 362 53.109 to 1 year Bulls and heifers 1year to 2 22.341 241 22.582 years Bulls and heifers more than 7.300 130 7.430 2 years Milk cows 185.316 1.391 186.707 Bulls 4.609 40 4.649 Buffalo 602 20 622 Pigs 47.348 116 47.464 Piglets up to 6 months 24.390 83 24.473 Bearing sows 14.678 23 14.701 Boars for insemination 8.281 10 8.291 Sheep and goats 135.789 16.091 151.880 Lambs 19.826 3.337 23.163 Sheep for breeding 93.672 10.982 104.654 Rams for insemination 14.327 821 15.148 Goats 7.964 951 8.915 Equines 6.718 85 6.803 Horses 6.159 76 6.235 Donkeys 559 9 568 Poultry 2.160,47 470.549 2.631,02 Chickens 1.978,24 408.209 2.386,45 Other poultry 182.224 62.340 244.564 Beehives 69.378 194 69.572 Source: SOK, Agriculture Household Survey 2005.

Cattle are the major livestock, of which 53 percent are dairy cows. Households have a small number of buffalos, around 622, which are included in total cattle. In 2005, less than 1 percent of the cattle herd were in the large and specialized household farms. The cattle herd is very fragmented. The average number of cattle per household is 1, 26

20 Facts on the Environment head in the small farms and 4,3 head in the large and specialised farms. The average number of milk cows for those households that have milk cows is 1,53 in the small farms an d 4,4 in the large and specialized farms. Dispersion is typical for other type of livestock as well. The small farms have on an average 17 sheep and goats, and 19 poultry, whilst the large farms have much higher numbers. These statistics underline the subsistence character of livestock sector in the small household farms.

Table 2. 5: Import of fertilizers

Import 2005 2006 Total Quantity (t) Value 000 € Quantity (t) Value 000 € 44.894 14.265 68.095 19.001 Source: SOK, Foreign trade statistics

Table 2. 6: Use of fertilizers and manure by household farms, 2005

Large & specialized Type of fertilizer Small farms farms NPK 75% 82% NAG 35% 41% URE 43% 43% Other 2% 2% Manure 54% 68% Source: Agriculture Household Survey 2005, SOK.

Table 2.6 presents the percentage of households who use different types of fertilizers. NPK, often used as e base dressing at planting, is the most frequently used of all in-organic fertilizers, and most of the rest are NAG and Urea, which are mainly used as top dressing applications after crop germination. NPK is used by 75 percent of small farms and 82 percent of large farms.

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Table 2. 7: Use of fertilizers and manure by crop group 2005. Private farmers

Crops Fodder Vegetables Fruits Other3 Total grains crops

Area (ha) 114.622 17.333 96.777 4.924 128 233.784 Fertilizers NPK (t) 27.684 5.492 7.904 682 8 5 41 78 kilo/acre 242 317 82 138 141 179 NAG (t) 9.718 2.636 2.227 170 4 14 76 kilo/acre 85 152 23 35 60 63 URE (t) 13.393 1.761 2.661 150 5 17.975 kilo/acre 117 102 27 30 72 77 Other(t) 731 462 104 21 0 1.318 kilo/acre 6 27 1 4 0 6 Manure Used (t) 175.596 8.074 101.398 12.189 276 370.475 kilo/acre 1.532 4.658 1.048 2.475 3.808 1.585 Source :SOK, Agriculture Household Survey 2005.

Table 2.7 shows the use of fertilizers and manure by crops, which are presented in groups and the average use of fertilizers and manure per hectare is indicated. It is important to point out that the quantities are in gross terms. This means that there is no direct information about the net use of active substances in different fertilizers. Vegetables have the highest application rate per hectare, with 317 kg/ha NPK, 152 kg/ha NAG, 102 kg/ha UREA and around 4 658 kg/ha manure.

3Industrial and medical crops seedlings The table does not include the fertilizer used on second crop which are 22 tonnes NPK, 24 tonnes NAG, 7 tonnes URE and 373 tonnes manure

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Table 2. 8: Import of pesticides

Import 2005 2006 Total Quantity (t) Value € Quantity (t) Value € 2.031 575.234 2.600 894.257

Source: SOK, Foreign trade statistics

Table 2. 9: Irrigation of cultivated land by region and agriculture household, 2005

Irrigated % of total irrigated Region % agriculture land area (ha) land in Kosovo Kosovo 41.860 27,9 100 Prishtine 5.136 27 25 Mitrovice 3.416 16,5 7,8 Peje 13.429 50,4 17,4 Gjakove 12.967 48,4 20,1 Prizren 4.588 19,4 11 Ferizaj 1.484 29 9,7 Gjilan 840 17,2 9,1 Source: Agriculture Household survey 2005 SOK

Table 2.9 shows irrigation, as reported by farmers. There are around 41 860 ha, representing around 28 percent of the total cultivated land, irrigated. By region, the largest share of irrigation land is Peja and Gjakova. By municipality, the largest share of irrigated land is in Peja and Deqan. These two municipalities have extensive irrigation systems and account for nearly 20 percent of the total irrigated area in Kosovo.

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3. BIODIVERSITY

3.1 Protected areas

Kosovo is known for its rich biodiversity. Geographical position, geographical factors, pedologic, hydrograph, landscape and climate are some of the factors that enabled Kosovo to have an enhanced biological diversity, landscape, floristic variety, vegetation and fauna.

In Kosovo territory the protected natural values are counting a surface of 46 247,3 /ha or 4,27 per cent, out of them one Nation Parks – Malet e Sharrit,,11 natural reserves, 35 Natural monuments, 2 Protected landscape – Gërmia and Mirusha , two forest parks- Pishat e Deqanit and Ravane.

Table 3. 1: National parks

Established Name Municipality Surface hectar year

Prizren, Suharekë Malet e sharrit 39.000 1986 Kaqanik, Shterpcë Source: MMPH, INP

National park territory “Malet e Sharrit” is located in four different municipalities, Prizren, Therand, Kaqanik and Shterpce. The park surface is 39.000 ha and it’s well known for its botanic, fauna, ecological, recreative and scientific values. There are 86 types of floristic varieties declared of international importance and 26 are included in “red list” as risk types for animal and plants, 32 are in “red List” of threaten plants according to IUCN Classification.

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Table 3. 2: Natural Reserves by municipality, surface and year for establishment

Name Municipality Surface hectar Established year

Maja e Ropsit Peje 20 1955 Gubavci Prizren 38 1959 Popovo prase Prizren 30 1960 Gazimestan Prishtine 12 1953 Kozhnjeri Deqan 15 1955 Oshljaku Prizren 20 1960 Malet e Prelepit Deqan 1 1963 Rusenica Suhareke 300 1955 Bifurkacioni i lumit Ferizaj 13 1979 Nerodime Golem bor Prizren 35 1960 Kamilja Albanike 1988 Source: MESP, INP

Table 3. 3: Protected landscapes and forest park

Name Municipality Surface hectare Established, year

Reginal Park of Kline, Malisheve 555 1982 Mirusha Rahovec

Reginal Park of Prishtinë 1.126 1987 Germia

Deqani Pines Deqanë 15 1968 Rahavane Therandë 20 1980 Source: MESP, INP

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Regional Park of Mirusha is located in a area of 555 ha and the altitude is around 340-1006 m. Mirusha region is one of the most beautiful region of Kosovo. The park is spread on both sides of the Mirusha river from the beginning of the canyon up to stream of “Drini i Bardhe” river. In the territory of Mirusha park there are 330 types of vaskular plants, lichen and moss. From lichen family there are more than 44 types of high mushrooms. The Mirusha flora has more than 838 plants, out of which 590 types of vaskular plants. Fauna is quite rish. In Mirusha forest are living different species such as wild boar, badger, rabbit,squirrel, wolf, wildcat, earthy turtle, poisonous snake etc.

Table 3. 4: Protected zones in Kosovo and their Clasification according to IUCN Classification

Type of Zones Rangu IUCN No. of zones Area/ ha %

Nature zone I 11 698 1,52 National park II 1 39.000 84,55 Natyral monuments III 35 4.868 10,55

Protected landscape V 2 1.681 3,17

Total 52 46.247 100,00 Source: MESP, INEP (2005)

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Map of protected zones in Kosovo territory

Source: MESP, INP and GIS

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3.2 The situation of biodiversity in Kosovo

According to the reasearches more then 1800 types of vascular flora are registered, but the number is assumed to be larger (2.500 approx.). Within this registered number 200 are endemic, endomorelic and subendemic. Most spread in Kosovo mountains are the endemic plants. Sharr Mountains and the Albanian Alps are considered to be the areas with the richest fito-diversity. Biodiversity in Kosovo include all types of regional ang global ecosystem.

Table 3. 5: Some endemic plants characteristics in Kosovo

Latin name Albanian name Year

Achilea alexandri Barpezmi i mbretit Aleksandër Regis Bornm.et Rud.1934 Aconitum pentheri Akoniti i Rusolisë Hauek 1916 Aristolochia merxmuelleri Petriku i Grojterit Greuter et Mayer 1985 Bornmuellera Bornmuelera e Degenit Dieckii Deg 1900 Centaurea alberti Kokoçeli i Albertit Rexhepi 1980 Cephalaria pastricensis Cefalaria e Pashtrikut Dorfl.Et Hajek 1921 Convolvulus cochlearis Dredhja e Kosovës Griseb 1844 Cynoglossum Gjuhëqeni i Krasniqit Krasniqi 1986 Dianthus scardicus Karafili i Sharrit : Micromeria albanica Bishtmiu Shqiptar Griseb.ex K.Maly. Silic 1979 Plantago dardanae Plantago Dardane Rexhepi et Dimov.2001 Potentilla doerfleri Zorrëca e Dorflerit Wettst. 1982 Rubus ipecensis rech Manaferra e Pejës 1935 Sedum flexuosum Rrushqyqja e epshme : Sempervivum kosaninii Burgulli i Koshaninit Praeger 1930 Saxifraga scardica Iriqëza e Sharrit : Stipa mayer Pendëkaposhi i Mayerit Mart. 1971 Thymus doerfleri Zhumbrica e Dorflerit : Thymus rochlenae Zhumbrica : Verbascum scardiocolum Barpeshku i Sharrit Bornm. 1922 Source: MESP, INP

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Some types of plants in Kosovo flora are considered rare and endangered spicies as a large number of them are represented with limited types and areas. To a larger extent, due to the uncontrolled use, some other medical, aromatic and industrial types of plants are endagered. To protect these types the list of rare species is being prepared.

Table 3. 6: Some rare and endagered plants in Kosovo

Latin name Albanian name Taxux baccata Breshei i rëndomtë Quercus trojana Webb. Bujgeri Ulmus campestris L. Vidhi i rëndomtë Acer heldreichii Orph. Panja malore Forsythia europea Deg.Et Bald Boshtra Wulenia carinthiaca Jack. Vulfonia Tulipa scardica Bornm. Tulipani i Sharrit Trollius europeus L. Troliusi Lilium albanicum Gris Zambaku Dianthus scardicus Wetst. Karafili i Sharrit Fritillaria graeca Boiss.Et Sprun Kurorëza Narcissus Poeticus L. Bathra Rumex balcanicus Roth. Lëpjeta Llex aquilifolium L. Usheja Daphane blagayana Freyer Xerxelja Ramonda serbica Panç. Ramonda Paeonia decera Anders. Bozhuri dekorativ Paeonia corallina Retz. Bozhurea koraline Waldesteinia geoides Willd. Valdestenia Polugala doerfleri Wettst. Poligala Moltkea doerfleri Wettst. Moltkea Sioscorea balcanica Koshan Dioskora Source: MESP, INP

In Kosovo there are 130 planted associations ranked in 63 alliance, 35 collocation and 20 classes. If the use of fitodiversity in Kosovo will continue not to be regulated there will be a lot of unforeseen consequences.

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Table 3. 7: Some rare animal species in Kosovo and their national and international protection status4

Scientific nomination Albanian Name IUCN5 LKSH LGJK

Salamander salamander Picrraku : K* : Triturus cristatus Tritoni LR K* : Hyla arborea Gargaliqi LR K* :

Emys Orbicularis Breshkujza LR K* :

Anguis fragilis Kokëzogza : R : Muscardinus Gjeri i lajthive LR : PH avellanarius Scirius vullgaris Ketri LR : PK Felis silvestris Macja e egër : E PK Lynx lynx Rrëqebulli VU E PH Ursus arcots Ariu i murrëm VU V PK Capreolus capreolus Kaprolli LR V PK

Rupicapra rupicapra Dhia e egër VU V PK Shqiponja e Aquila chrysaetos LR : PH maleve Aquila heliaca Perandorake EN E PH Fajkoi Falco naumanni CR : PH thonjëbardhë Crex crex Mbreti i shkurtës VU : : Bubo bubo Bufi VU V PH Pula e egër e Tretrao urogallus EN V PH madhe Junx torquilla Qafdredhësi VU R PH Ermophila alpestris Lauresha me brirë VU I PH Phoenicurus Bishtkuqja e EN V PH phoenicurus randomtë Petronia petronia Harabeli i gurëve EN R PH Pyrrhula pyrrhula Gushëkuqi LR R PH Source: MESP, INP

4 Protection of animal species in Kosovo is regulated by applicable law on hunting (“GZK”22/73, 37/79, 14/87). 5 See abbreviations and acronyms

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According to its fauna, Kosovo is characterized with a large diversity of species though the reasearches in this regard have not been completed yet. The richest fauna areas in Kosovo are: The Albanian Alps, the Albanian Mountains and backwaters. There are more than 224 types of vertebrate, 150 types of butterflies, 500 taxons of macrocoobentos of waters and many other undetermined non vertebrates. Endagered are some poltry species.

There are two wild fauna reservess in Kosovo : Rusenica in the Municipality of Theranda/Suhareka (settlement of Lynx) and Kozhjari in the Municipality of Deçan (settlement of Wild Goats). Poultry are important components of Kosovo fauna. In the Albanian Alps there are some birds registered in the protected zones listed internationally by IBA (Important Bird Area)

Table 3. 8: Species under permanent protection

Latin name English name Lynx lynx Lynx lynx Dama dama Fallow deer Glis Glis Edible (fat) Dormouse Lutra lutra Otter Aquila chrysaetos Golden eagle Aquila heliaca Emperor eagle Ciconia ciconia White stork Source: MESP, INP

Table 3. 9: Species under interim protection

Latin name English name Capreolus capreolus Roe deer Cervus elaphus Red deer Rupicapra rupicapra Chamois Ursus arctos Brown bear Tatrao urogallus Capercaillie Alectoris graeca Rock Patridge Source: MESP, INP

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Table 3. 10: Unprotected species

Latin name English name Canis lupus Wolf Canis vulpes Fox Canis aureus Golden Jackal Source: MESP, INP

3.3 Mammalians

In order to protect the rare and endangered species of fauna, the Ministry of Environment and Special Planning through a decision of 23d of May 2003 has listed the names of the rare species of mammalian and announced them fully protected. The listed species are as follow:

Table 3. 11: Mammalian

Latin name English name

Ursus arcots Brown bear Lynx lynx Lynx Rupicapra rupicapra Chamois Capreolus capreolus Roe deer Felis sylvestris Wild cat Cervus elaphus Red deer

Scirius vulgaris Squirrel Martes martes Marten Muscardinus avellanarius Hazel Dormouse Source: MESP, INP

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3.4 Natyral hydrological monuments

Table 3. 12: Natyral monuments of protected hydrological importance

Year of Category of Monument name Municipality Area/ha protection protection

River Bistrica Spout Prizren 200.00 1976 III Bifurkation of Nerodima Ferizaj 12.27 1979 I

Drini I Bardh water spring with the Peja 89,94 1983 III waterfall and the cave in Radavc

River flow Mirusha Malisheva,Klina 10.00 1983 III Mineral water spring in Dresnik Klina 6.75 1985 III Thermo mineral water spring in Albanik 16.00 1988 III Vuqa (Leposaviç) Waterspring in Revuça Podujeva 1.00 1988 III Mineral water spring in Sallabaj Podujeva 31.00 1988 III Waterspring in Shakovica Podujeva 1.400 1988 III River Klina Spout Klina 1.300 1985 : Rugova Canyon Peja 4.300 1985 : Drini i Bardh Canyon at the Saint Gjakova.Rahovec 73.860 1986 III Bridge Source: MESP, INP

According to the Law number 2003/9, ‘’On Natural Protection” the natyral monuments protected are listed below:

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Table 3. 13: Natyral Monuments of hydrological importance proposed for protection

Year of the proposed Monument nomination Municipality protection Mineral waterspring in Rudic Klina 2004 Thermal water spring in Banja Skenderaj 2004

Mineral waterspring in Poklek Drenas 2004

Water spring - Kong's spring - Drenas 2004 Korrotica Water spring - in Fortesa Drenas 2004 Mineral water spring - Grabovc Obiliq 2004 Water sprin in Vrella Istog 2003 Water spring in Istog Istog 2003 Thermal water spring in Banja Istog 2003 Water spring in Potok Gjakova 2003 River spring Deshtica Gjakova 2003 Water spring in Mulliq Gjakova 2003 Vrella e Dobratinit Podujeva 2004 Lake Batllava Podujeva 2004 Ice spring - Rakova Mitrovica 2004 Water spring - Lugu i Barës Mitrovica 2004 Waterfall trepçali - Melenica Mitrovica 2004 Mineral water spring - Mazhiq Mitrovica 2004 Mineral water spring - Braboniq Mitrovica 2004 Llapushnik river valley Gjilan 2003 Thermo mineral spring - Kmetovc Gjilan 2003 Lake Perlepnica Gjilan 2003 Thermal water spring in Uglare Gjilan 2003 Mineral water spring in Gumnisht Gjilan 2003 Mineral water spring in Ponesh Gjilan 2003 Mineral water spring - Kllokot Viti 2005 Water springs - Ballanc Viti 2005

Mineral water spring - Zhiti - Natural Viti 2005 water spring - Samakov te Shushet

Source: MESP, INP

34 Facts on the Environment 4. WASTE

Waste includes all items that people no longer have any use for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already discarded. Additionally, wastes are such items which people are require to discard, for example by law because of their hazardous properties. Many items can be considered as waste e.g., household rubbish, sewage sludge, wastes from manufacturing activities, packaging items, discarded cars, old televisions, garden waste, old paint containers etc. Thus all our daily activities can give rise to a large variety of different wastes arising from different sources. There are a number of different options available for the treatment and management of waste including prevention, minimisation, re-use, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. Landfillis are seen as the last resort and should only be used when all the other options have been exhausted.

Table 4. 1: The structure of waste types generated/produced in Kosovo in 2004

Daily average Amount Annual amount In Types of wastes kg/capita annual/kg/capita tonnes Household waste 0,28 101,00 232.541 Commercial waste 0,25 91,25 209.875 Medical waste 0,01 0,88 20.114 Dust waste and slag 0,91 331,00 761.426 Construction/deconstru 0,20 73,00 167.900 ction waste Other waste 0,36 131,40 302.220 Total 2,00 729,00 1.675.977 Source: MESP, Waste Department

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Municipal Waste (including Household and Commercial)

Municipal waste is generated by households, commercial activities and other sources whose activities are similar to those of households and commercial enterprises. It does not include other waste arising e.g., from mining, industrial or construction and demolition processes. Municipal waste is made up to residual waste, bulky waste, secondary materials from separate collection (e.g., paper and glass), household hazardous waste, street sweepings and litter collections. It is made up of materials such as paper, cardboard, metals, textiles, organics (food and garden waste) and wood.

Table 4. 2: Waste generation from households in Pristine in 2003- 2004

Annual generation Years Type of waste Annual quantity (tonnes) kg/inhabitant Waste from 2003 124,10 287.620 households Organic 38,3 88.090 Paper 4,7 10.810 Plastic 10,2 23.460 Glass 22,0 50.600 Metal 9,8 22.540 Wood 12,0 27.600

rcentage, 2004 Textil 8,7 20.010 Pe Dangerouse 1,0 2.300 waste Total 100 245.410 Source: MESP

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Figure 4. 1: Waste generation from household by structure

Dangerouse waste

Textil

Wood

aste Metal

Glass

Type of w Plastic

Paper

Organic

0 1020304050 %

Figure 4. 2: The introduction of waste types and amounts managed in Kosovo

Organics waste 1,27% Tire Plastic 0,10% 3,09%

Paper 22,69%

Metal 72,86%

Source: MESP

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In Kosovo the Ministry of Environmental and Spatial Planning being helped from Regional Environmental Center and KFOR have already some information regarding the dangerous waste, their location and their quantity. The table that follows provides those data:

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Table 4.3: List of waste-dangerous substances stored in Kosovo 2004

Quality/ Municipality Records Dangerous Location were obtained waste Unit from: Concentratet 1 000 m3 Kosova A Kastriot REC/MMPH phenol phenolic water 15 000 m3 Kosova A Kastriot REC/MMPH

Hydroxid sodium 35 t Kosova A Kastriot REC/MMPH

Muriatic Acid 57 t Kosova A Kastriot REC/MMPH Hydrate of i 3600kg Kosova A Kastriot REC hydrazine

Chlorous ferous 25 m3 Kosova A Kastriot REC

Copperas 17 t Kosova A Kastriot REC Different oils 74 t Kosova A Kastriot REC Radioactive 12 nësi Kosova A Kastriot REC/KFOR/MMPH sources

Csilol 3400 l G ear Factory Pejё KFOR/MMPH

Organic acide 7500 l Gear Factory Pejё KFOR/MMPH

Toluene csilol 1440 l G ear Factory Pejё KFOR/MMPH

Hydroxid sodium 200 kg Gear Factory Pejё KFOR/MMPH

Flour waste Ni- 1800 m3 IBG Gjilan MMPH/KFOR Cd Emaciated 7680 l S ani tary stock Podujevë REC/MMPH Pesticides Wood stick 500 kg Wood factory Podujevë (dated) Incision cianidi 2.3 m3 Metal holding Janjevë KFOR/MMPH Other Incision 11 m3 Metal holding Janjevë KFOR/MMPH

Chrome Incision 1.0 m3 Metal holding Janjevë KFOR/MMPH

Nickel Incision 1.0 m3 Metal holding Janjevë KFOR/MMPH

Different Incision 136 m3 Metal holding Janjevë KFOR/MMPH

Unknown salt 1050 kg M etal holding Janjevë KFOR/MMPH Solid waste 3 Metal holding Janjevë MMPH/KFOR 7.0 m

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Table 4. 3 (cont): List of waste-dangerous substances stored in Kosovo 2004

Ammonia 5000 l Peja Beer Pejë

Chimical waste Gear Factory Pejë REC

Chimical waste 85 t Trepç factory Leposaviç KFOR

Film's waste 3000 kg IMK-Fabr. Ferizaj MMPH Radiography 3 copa IMK- Fabr. Ferizaj MMPH Emaciated Reversal digestion of 20 t Ferizaj MMPH Factory. HCL

Incision of chrome and 2 ,5 t Ki t Factory Ferizaj MMPH nickel

Colour for textile 9100 kg Sharrteks Sharr MMPH

Different acide 2700 l Sharrteks Sharr MMPH Different salt 4300 kg Sharr-tex Sharr MMPH used oils 1200 l ,,Adi” Lipjan MMPH Foundry Lead's flour 13395 m 3 Mitrovicë DANIDA/MMPH Trepçë Foundry Plastic waste 1100 m3 Mitrovicë DANIDA/MMPH Trepçë

Mixing of Propan 10000 l Trepça Mitrovicë :

Sulphuric acid 60 m3 Trepça Mitrovicë : Foundry Batery pieces 600 m3 Mitrovicë DANIDA/MMPH Trepçë Foundry iron grime 50 m3 Mitrovicë DANIDA/MMPH Trepçë Material from Foundry copper's 3300 m3 Mitrovicë DANIDA /MMPH Trepçë sulphate Foundry Oxidize waste 7000 m3 Mitrovicë DANIDA/MMPH Trepçë Hypoclorur 6.5 t Shipol Mitrovicë MMPH/KFOR calcium

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Table 4. 3 (cont): List of waste-dangerous substances stored in Kosovo 2004

Vanadium 165 fuqi Metallurgy Mitrovicë PIM/MMPH Pentaoxidt Sulphuric acid 6300 t Metallurgy Mitrovicë PIM/MMPH Muriatic Acid 600 l Metallurgy Mitrovicë PIM/MMPH Chimical Amina 2000 l Mitrovicë PIM/MMPH Industry Cianur sodiumi 10.0 t First tunnel Mitrovicë PIM/MMPH Radioactive 3 fuqi First tunnel Mitrovicë PIM/TMK/MMPH matter

TMTDS Vulkafil 500 kg Industrial Park Mitrovicë :

Cianidi dip 200 l Industrial Park Mitrovicë :

HCL dip 2500 l Industrial Park Mitrovicë :

Sulphuric acid 15000 ton Industrial Park Mitrovicë :

Phosphorus 40000 l Industrial Park Mitrovicë : Acid

Cadmium 1000 kg Industrial Park Mitrovicë :

Ammonia Dip 200 l Industrial Park Mitrovicë :

Chlorine gas 7000 kg Industrial Park Mitrovicë :

PCB oils 4 trafo Lead factory Zveçan : 3650 kg (73 Arsenic Lead factory Zveçan : dr.) Muriatic Acid 22000 kg Metalic : Sulphuric acid 100000 kg Lead factory Zveçan : Source: MESP

Waste "management" shall mean the collection, transport, recovery and disposal of waste, including the supervision of such operations and after-care of disposal sites. In Kosovo there are public companies that are dealing with the Municipality waste. Usually each of the Communes has it’s own Services Enterprise. Apart from of that organization there are companies that collect and store the waste. Some of the collecting material such as end of life vehicles and other metal stock are exported

41 Facts on the Environment out side of the Kosovo territory. Herein after there are some tables giving information on type of materials stocked and exported.

Table 4. 4: The companies dealing with waste treatment in Kosovo and export 2005

Company Type of material Collected Treatment Sale location

Fabrika e letrës, Paper 300 T/month Reciclation Kosovë kartuçit. Lipjan NP”Unitet”Mitrovicë Paper 15 T/month Collection Prishtinë Shkup, NPL”Celina” Xërxë Paper 450 T/month Collection Zagreb ”Val-Karton” Paper 100 T/month Collection Serbi, Bullgari Prishtinë

NGQ”Meta Company” Serbi, Paper 75 T/month Collection Maqedoni Fushë Kosovë Iron, aluminum, Maqedoni, NTSH”Hekurishte” 100 hekur, 45 paper, mesing, Collection Gjermani, Mal Pejë bakër (T/month) plastic, batery etc të Zi Iron, Aluminum, tins, NSH”Sek- mesing, baetry, Slloveni 20 T/month Collection Kos”Prishtinë cooling system of ,Gjermani car etc “Katër Vëllezërit” Iron / T/month Collection Kosovë Skenderaj Iron, aluminum, tins, Maqedoni, “Ariani” Skenderaj 20 T/month Collection mesing, batery Greqi

NPT”Gratis” Mitrovicë Iron 300 T/month Collection Greqi NPT”Qëndresa” Iron 5 T/month Collection Kosovë Kamenicë Iron, Aluminum, tins, Maqedoni, NTP”Bosfor” Gjilan 10 T/month Collection mesing, batery Greqi

NTSH”Rival” Livoç i Iron, Aluminum, tins, Maqedoni, / T/month Collection Epërm mesing, batery Greqi

Iron, Aluminum, tins, Maqedoni, “Hekurishta” Gjilan / T/month Collection mesing, batery Greqi

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Table 4. 4 (cont) The companies dealing with waste treatment in Kosovo and export

“Hekurishta”Livoç i Iron, Aluminum, tins, Maqedoni, / T/month Collection Poshtçm mesing, batery Greqi

“Hekurishte”Livoç i Iron, Aluminum, tins, Maqedoni, / T/month Collection Poshtçm mesing, batery Greqi

“Europa Dekor” Aluminum, mesing, 0..9 T/month Collection Kosovë Besjanë tins, rosfajs NSH”Metalurgu” Iron, aluminum, 10.2 T/month Collection Kosovë Mitrovicë copper

Iron, Aluminum, tins, Maqedoni, NTP”Tiki-Niti” 2500 T/month Collection mesing, batery Greqi,Itali

NTSH”Profil Metali” Iron, aluminum, 1Al, 6Fe, 3Cu Collection Gjakovë Prizren copper T/month “Agroklina”Drsnik Wood, fertilisers, 300.000l within Compostim Kosovë Klinë fruits, vegetables cyle

Organics and Shoqata”Rimëkëmbja” Compostim Kosovë households waste NP”Fabrika e 50000/1boiling Barley bran Collection Kosovë birrës”Pejë within a day ”FisiComerc”Radivoc old tires 550piece/month Double Biding Kosovë Viti NP”Riveshje e gomave” Vllashnje- old tires 4T/month Double Biding Kosovë Prizren ”Ekoplast” Rahovec Plastic 100T/month Recyclation Kosovë

”18 Nëntori”Rahovec Plastic 8T/month Recyclation Kosovë ”Pista”Rahovec Plastic 20T/month Recyclation Kosovë Source: MESP

A landfill, also known as a dump, is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Landfills may include internal waste disposal sites as well as sites used by many producers.

43 Facts on the Environment

In Kosovo the landfills are distributed in whole territory. As their capacity is not offering enough waste treatment in Kosovo nowdays there are some initiatives to created new landfills areas. These have been possible through the support of EAR and other bilateral donors.

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Map Location of ladfills in Kosovo territory

Sources: MESP, GIS, SOK

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Table 4. 5: Landfill form

General Datas for amount of waste in landfill Basic data of landfill information Types of waste in landfill Existing Inorganic Surface of Annual amount of Organic waste waste in waste (not Municipality amount of waste waste that come (biological Total landfill biological in landfill (ha) in landfill (ha) dissoluble) (000m³) dissoluble) Podujeva 2 : 4 : : 100% Istogu 1,8 8 7 : : 100% Drenasi 0,5 14 8 50% 50% 100% Ferizaj 3 : : 20% 80% 100% Fushë 2 21 8 70% 30% 100% Kosova Gjakova 2,5 6 70% 30% 100% Kaçanik 1,5 2,4 1,2 70% 30% 100% Klina 1,5 0,6 1 60% 40% 100% Lipjan 1,8 4,8 50% 50% 100% Mitrovica 7 1.500 3,6 75% 25% 100% Peja 3,6 57 20 65% 35% 100% Prizreni 2 495 37 70% 30% 100% Approximately Prishtina 10 3.618 43 60% 100% 40% Rahovec 1 109 2,3 70% 30% 100% Dragash 0,7 16 0,5 40% 60% 100% Skenderaj 0,06 1,8 2,1 68% 30% 100% Suhareka 0,05 130,5 5,6 80% 20% 100% Vitia 1 67,8 3,4 75% 25% 100% Source: MESP

The data system regarding the landfill is incomplete in Kosovo. The table gives information only for the areas, which do have reporting procedures, but the landfills are located in all Communes of Kosovo territory.

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Table 4. 6: New landfills points

Commune Volume (m³) Donor States

GJILANI 1,200,000 EAR Active

PRIZRENI 2,500,000 EAR In procces

KAQANIKU 60 EAR Active

ZVEQANI 300 EAR No information

PEJA 1,500,000 COOPI - Italian Active PODUJEVA 925 EAR Active

FUSHË KOSOVA 1.000.000 ISSI - Italian Active

DRAGASHI 150 EAR In procces MITROVICA Rehabilitated DANIDA Active

FERIZAJI Stacion transfer EAR Started

PRISHTINA 5,000,000 EAR Committed

Source: MESP

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5. WATER

5.1 Water resources

The drinking water we receive from our local drinking water utilities or individual wells come from ground water, streams, rivers, springs or lakes in a watershed. Although most water requires some treatment before use, protecting this source water is an important part of providing safe drinking water to the public. Protecting drinking water sources usually requires the combined efforts of many partners such as public water systems, communities, resource managers and the public. Water is indispensable for life, not only for drinking water, but also for raising crops and animals for food. Throughout history, cities and villages have grown up near sources of water, for drinking, sustenance, and transportation. In Kosovo the water reserves are limited, and not well distributed in whole territory. In the country there are four big drainage basins named Drini i Bardhe, Ibri, Morava e Binces, Lepenci. Underground water is located mainly in the western part of Kosovo. Also there is a limited number of natural lakes and during the years some artificial lakes were set up to help the land irrigation and the further running of industrial production. In Kosovo the water reserve are estimated at the level of 1600m³ / water second.

Table 5. 1: Main rivers, length in kilometers

Length within Kosovo territory Name in km Drini i Bardhe 122 Sitnica 90 Lumebardhi i Pejes 62 Morava e Binqes 60 Lepenci 53 Ereniku 51 Ibri 42 Lumebardhi i Prizrenit 31 Source: SOK, Cartography

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Table 5.1 shows main rivers and their length in Km within the territory of Kosovo. Drini I bardhe is the longest river with 122 km. This river is included in the list of natural protected areas since 1983. This river has the most powerful spring fall with 5m³ /water/sec.

Table 5. 2: Main characteristic of artificial lakes

Name Municipality Region Areas in km 2 Capacity in 000m3

Gazivodë Z.Potok Mitrovicë 9.1 390.000 Batllavë Podujevë Prishtinë 3.27 490.000 Badovc Prishtinë Prishtinë 2.57 3.100 Radoniq Gjakovë Gjakovë 5.96 113.000 Source: SOK, Cartography

As shown in table 5.2. Kosovo has four main artificial lakes, the biggest is Lake Gazivoda with the area 9.1 km², and the smallest Lake Badovc with 2.57 km² and the lake "Gazivodë" is the biggest lake with the capacity of 390 million m3 followed by lake "Radoniç" with capacity 113 million.

Table 5. 3: River basins and zones

Average No River Waterfills zones Area Km2 flows m³/s. Adriatik 1 "Drini i Bardhë" 4649 60 (across Albania) Black sea 2"Ibri" 4009 33 (across Danub) Black sea 3 "Morava e Binqës" 1564 7 (across Danub) Ega sea 4 "Lepenci 685 9 (across Vardar) Source: MESP

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Table 5.3: shows the data of river aresa and their basins. Out of four rivers the biggest is Drini I Bardhë basin 4649 km² and water average flow 60 m3/s.

Map of basins in Kosovo

Sources: SOK, Cartography and GIS

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5.2 Water supply

Water supply to the citizens has always been a priority. Eleven Kosovo municipalities are supplied by ground water plants such as ( Mitrovica, Vushtria, Skenderaj, Drenasi, Podujeva, Prishtina, Kastrioti , Gjilani , Gjakova dhe Rahoveci) involving an amount of 60/m3 whereas other settlements are supplied by wells and local water plants.

Only 44 - 50% of Kosovo population have access to the water supply systems, managed by 32 municipal companies (recently coordinated into 7 regional companies), using 50-100 liters of water during the day per capita, and the annual use reach 75-80 million m³ or 15% of general use. The level of water supply is not consistent in Kosovo territory. Towns are connected to supplying networks whereas in rural areas the access to water supply network is only 9%. Due to the lack of infrastructure and water sources the existing water network has limited capacity.

The industry is supplied partly by the public water networks as the vast numbers of industries are supplied by the lakes. On industrial needs (for technological production processes, chilling and sanitary needs) 150 million m³ of waters are used representing thus 30% of general water use. We may conclude that due to the decrease of industrial production the need for water supply has also decreased, and consequently decreasing the water pollution by the industry.

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Table 5. 4: Water inbottled from local companies

Estimated Maximal production Name of water company production of company (m³/d)

H. S. "RADONIQI" GJAKOVË 6200 62000 HIDROHIGJENA-ARTANË 340 600 K O.SH.P "HIDROTEKNIKA" GJILAN 12,569 15 KOMPANIA RAJONALE "PRISHTINA" 100 105.000 N. P. ÇABRATI-GJAKOVË : : N. SH. P. HIDROHIGJENA -DRAGASH 1900 2592 N.K.P." VLAZNIMI"-LIPJAN 4320 5356 N.K.P.SH.- PODUJEVE : : N.P "UJËSJELLËSI" PEJË 77150 77150 N.P. "CVILENI" PRIZREN 40-50 40 N.P. "MIRMABAJTA" BURIMII (STOG) 24192 24192 N.P. "UNIVERZALL" - VITI 2000 2600 N.P.K "UJËVARA" KLINË 5200 12500 N.P.K. "HIGHENA" GJILAN : : N.P.K. "PËRPARIMI-VUSHTRRI : : N.P.K. "UJËSJELLSI REGJIONAL " MITROVICË 50,112 51,84 N.P.K.SH."KOMUNALJA" THERANDË 2592 2592 N.SH. "LYPETENI"-KAÇANIK 2400 3100 N.SH.P. "KOMUNALJA" DRENAS 5000 6000 N.SH.P. "UJËSJELLËSI HIXHENA" DEÇAN 6048 6048 N.SH.P.K."AMBIENTI"-RAHOVEC : : O.SH.P-"HIDRO-HIGJENA -FERIZAJ 10368 21600 U.R. BATLLAVA NJËSIA- KASTRIOT : 3628,8 U.R. BATLLAVA-SEKTORI- SHTIME 1250 2000 Source: MESP

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Table 5. 5: The amount of water distributed by local companies

The amount of Number of Black water ditributed water by capita The name of the company Municipality discharge in the water companies supplied with l/s in l/s water

Ujësjellësi Regjional "Batllava" Prishtinë 1250 812,5 550,000 OPK "Ujësjellësi Regjional" Mitrovicë 500 400 300,000 NKP "Hidro Higjiena" Ferizaj 95 52,25 42,000 NPK "Hidroteknika" Gjilan 200 140 : NPK "Përparimi" Vushtrri 39 15,6 : Ndër.Kom.Publike Shërbyese" Besianë 91 81,9 30,000 NPK "Lypoteni" Kaçanik 49 30,38 11,000 NPK "Vëllazërimi" Lypjan 63 31,5 15,000 Ndër.Publike Komunale" Dardanë 25 16,25 8,000 Kompania Hijeno - Teknike Kastrioti 65 26 7,000 NP"Komunalja" Drenas 50 17,5 10,000 NP"Universal" Viti 23,5 11,75 7,000 NPK"Hidro - Higjiena" Artanë 2 2 700,000 Ndër.Kom.Publike Shërbyese Shtime 14 : : NPK "Higjiena" Gjilan : : : Kompania e ujit "Ibër" Mitrovicë : : : NP 28 "Nëntori" Leposaviç : : : Komunalja "Ibër" Z.Potok : : : Ndër.e Re publike Komunale Shtërpcë : : : NPK për ujë dhe kanalizim."Cvilen" Prizren 240 168 160,000 Hidrosistemi "Radoniqi" Gjakovë 475 285 200,000 NPK "Ujësjellësi" Pejë 1100 770 110,000 Ndër.Komunale "Mirëmbajtja" Burim 415 20,75 30,000 NPK "18 Qershori" Skenderaj 29 16 20,000 NP " Ujësjellësi" Deçan : : : NPKB "Rahoveci" Rahovec : : : NPK " Ujëvara" Klinë 40 24 10,000 NPK Banesore Dragash : : : NPKSH "Komunalja" Therandë 50 30 18,000 NPK " Lumi" Malishevë : : : NPK " Çabrati" Gjakovë : : : NPH "Lumëbardhi" Prizren : : : Sourse: MESP

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5.3 Monitoring drinking water quality in Kosovo

The drinking water system of course needs assessment of quality. In Kosovo the system of survey and assessment is not yet fully in place, but there are some empirical efforts to monitor it. Usually the monitoring of quality is done near the big public users of water such as schools, hospitals, private wells. The data collecting so far gave a different picture for different areas.

The 2006 assesment is made in two points; sources and system. Usually the expert of water quality took some samples and analyzed these. The table 5.6 present some information on those efforts.

Table 5. 6: Monitoring drinking water quality in urban area Prishtine, Podujeve, Obiliq,Fushe Kosove, Drenas, Lipjan and Shtime, 2006.

Type of analyses Contamination Samples No.of point samples No. bac. No. chem. No. bac. No.chem.

Source 640 320 320 221 102

Network 4.436 3.716 720 156 -

Source: MH, IPH

5.4 Waste Water

Regarding the urban polluted waters there is no monitoring of waters from the municipal sewage system The managment municipal sewage system management is the responsibility of public companies. Around 28-30% of urban settlements are connected to the central system for polluted waters, though there are not water processors (waste water treatment plants) to treat polluted waters in Kosovo. Urban constructions and reconstructions have contributed negatively to the system. Self funding is not possible and the cost of returns is below 15-21%. Professional management capacity is low in all aspects. Another big problem is the big infiltration of dirty waters. The filter channels are being blocked by waste and they threat to cause floods and other environmental threats.

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Land and underground waters are not protected from pollution nor the sanitary determined zones are respected. Untreated water quality for population supply differs from region to region. The contents of ground waters depends on the mineral land composition through which the water flows as well as . aquiphers` structure. Around 56% of the population uses untreated water sources. This represents a serious problem taking into account the disregard of standards for sanitary zone

Monitoring waste of water from industry and agriculture

Industrial polluted waters are the main polluters of ground and underground water. The industry needs for water are 150 milion m³ which represent around 30% of general expenditures. Biggest polluters are KEK, Trepca Mines, and other mines. There are very few mechanisms to treat industrial waters ( in the Industrial Park in Mitrovica).

Energy supply is conducted from the thermo energy plants using lignite. Two energy plants of 1513 MW capacity use water only for chilling.

The waste of water from the use of fertilizer and pesticeds is complitely unknown.

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6. ENERGY AND AIR

6.1 Energy

Kosovo power system is dominated by a vertically integrated monopoly KEK - that operates two lignite mines, two lignite-fired power plants, the transmission and distribution networks, and a dispatching center. The only significant power plant outside KEK is a hydro power plant Gazivode / Ujman (2x17.5 MW) that is operated by an irrigation company (Hidrosistem Ibar-Lepenac). Although nominally the installed capacities are sufficient to meet the Kosovo demand, due to the years of inadequate maintenance, the reliability and the output of the plants and equipment is seriously affected, hence actually available capacities have been considerably reduced. Technical losses in the system are estimated as high and above industry average (~18%). 60% of delivered energy in the HV system is currently billed, of which 61% was collected in 2001 and 58% in 2002. Due to the massive financial support of the donors after the conflict, the power supply situation was about to start improving, when two consecutive severe accidents happened at the power plant Kosovo B and the Bardh mine in 2002, which seriously crippled the system’s ability to meet the rapidly growing demand.

Neighboring Power Systems

The Kosovo power system has direct interconnection lines to the systems of Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and FYROM. All of these systems are net electricity importers, except Serbia. This fact presents an opportunity for a potential investment in a new export oriented, lignite-fired power plant in Kosovo. In addition, the Albanian system is almost 100% hydro based, while the Kosovo’s one is ~100% thermal based. These complementarities offer an opportunity for close co- operation between the two systems, and optimized power exchanges, i.e. base-load power from Kosovo for peak-load power from Albania. Prior to the conflict, annual electricity generation in Kosovo was in the order of 4,500 GWh, out of which 60-80% was consumed in Kosovo, and the rest was exported. In the year 2000, the energy consumption (after loadshedding) was 2,849 GWh, in 2001 it was 3,111 GWh, and in 2002 3,321 GWh. In the last 10 years a pronounced change has taken place in the share of electricity consumption among the different

56 Facts on the Environment categories: households’ and services’ shares increased from 26% to 75% and from 7% to 13%, respectively, while the industry’s share dropped from 67% to 12%. The total number of present customers is estimated to about 360,000. The use of electricity for heating accounts for 64.2% of supplied energy and the ratio between the monthly energy consumption in December and in July is 2.4 times.

Lignite is of outstanding importance to electricity generation in Kosovo. It contributes to 97% of the total electricity generation, 3% being hydro based power generation. Considering all the potential sources for power generation in Kosovo, coal safely maintains its leading position. The Kosovo lignite mines are operated at one of the most favorable lignite deposits in Europe due to its geological conditions. With an average stripping ratio of 1.7 m³ of waste to 1 ton of coal, coal production at Kosovo mines could supply very competitive fuel to the power plants, compared to international fuel sources and energy prices. The total estimated economically exploitable resources of app. 10,000 million tons represent one of the richest lignite resources in Europe, which would allow ambitious power generation and expansion schemes in the forthcoming decades.

There are two major lignite basins: Kosova lignite basin and Dukagjini lignite basin and also smaller lignite basins like: Drenica, Malishevë, Babush i Muhaxherëve, and one potential lignite basin in southern part of Kosovo. The lignite of the Kosova basin belongs to the upper Miocene and has an age of about 9 million years. The thickness of the coal seam varies between 56 m and 70 m. The The original overburden overage shows a thickness of 60 m -120 m. Kosovo has the total estimated resources of app. 10,000 million tons.

No hydrocarbon resources are available and no refinery capacity exists in Kosovo. Further, Kosovo is located in mountainous areas with long distance from a coastline with port infrastructure and terminals. Kosovo is fully dependent on imported petroleum products from all the neighboring countries and regions: FYROM, Albania and Union of Montenegro and Serbia (UMS). Nearly all petroleum importation today takes place in the shape of road transportation through seven import crossing points. The railway capacity is not utilized although the railway system is connected to the common petroleum terminals (tank farms) with loading and unloading facilities.

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Introduction of natural gas in Kosovo has initially been planned in the late 1980’s, mainly for use in the industrial sector. An old gas pipeline from the days of town gas distribution (based on the gasification plant at Kosovo A power plant) in Kosovo still exists reaching as far south as Skopje.

Table 6. 1: Generation of electricity in Kosovo, 2004

Production Central Notes capacity Kosova A1 30 Kosova A2 100 Out of use 2002 Kosova A3 100 Kosova A5 100 Kosova B1 250 Demaged during 2002-partly in use 2003 Kosova B2 250 Demaged during 2002-partly in use 2003 Gazivoda 35 ( 2 units) Total 865

Source: MESP - INKOS

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Table 6. 2: Production of lignite and electrical energy, import and export of electrical energy (KWH), 2005, 2006

Coal Electricity Year-Month Imports Exports production Production

Jan-05 568.238 428.948 62.625 10.17 Feb-05 607.452 388.972 60.71 4.96 Mar-05 604.655 381.344 62.265 7.524 Apr-05 670.718 329.044 16.38 3.336 May-05 428.819 256.522 37.04 8.15 Jun-05 469.833 282.528 25.8 40.62 Jul-05 385.736 289.375 23.345 60.11 Aug-05 435.654 241.718 33.31 17.645 Sep-05 652.169 241.725 48.654 17.89 Oct-05 613.935 318.018 51.68 32.79 Nov-05 412.511 392.235 35.88 17.77 Dec-05 541.419 449.338 32.952 4.79 Total 2005 6.391.139 3.999.767 490.641 225.755 Jan-06 554.909 437.34 37.92 3.1 Feb-06 714.433 337.476 66.432 3.3 Mar-06 495.023 386.89 40.962 4.22 Apr-06 448.596 289.507 64.577 12.858 May-06 485.395 246.773 72.74 3.258 Jun-06 337.472 231.604 46.662 12.898 Jul-06 431.503 350.576 7.2 104.22 Aug-06 435 281.518 28.365 37.958 Sep-06 707.065 287.945 40.72 38.069 Oct-06 535.888 276.455 65.98 14.96 Nov-06 631.578 397.886 26.99 14.266 Dec-06 755.486 446.542 39.268 4.19 Total 2006 6.532.348 3.970.511 537.816 253.297 Source: KEK

There are certain standards that set maximum allowable levels of the respective pollutant in the air, water or soil. It is suggested that environmental impacts of power generation in Kosovo should be within limits that are allowed by Council Directive 1999/30/EC. The problem with dust emissions is serious and apparently cannot be solved without

59 Facts on the Environment major redesign of the boilers, which would be associated with high investment costs.

Table 6. 3: Production and import of electrical energy, 2000 – 2002

Unit Years 2000 2001 2002

Import 955.000 544.000 168.000 Hidrocentrales 49.404 90.748 80.262 Termocentrales 1.864.068 2.476.965 3.072.737

Total 2.868.472 3.111.713 3.320.999 Source: MESP - INKOS

Table 6. 4: Emissions from the use of coal, 2002 Unit

Coal used in tonnes Emission of CO2

Termocentral 5.542.269 4.467.069 Privat users 47.724 38.466 Total 5.589.993 4.505.535 Source:MESP - INKOS

The unstable situation in the domestics’ production was accompanied with an un stable situation in import and export of electricity during the last years. The deficit of balance of energy was notified strongly during the winter time. The data shows that during December Kosovo imported a very big amount of electricity.

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6.2 Transport

In Kosovo there are a lot of cars used by companies and privat users. Usualluy thye are old cars which emmitted a considerable carbon dioxide in the atmosfere. In Kosovo there is a Law on the AIR PROTECTION, but it is not yet implemented properly. Also it is very difficult to have any information regarding the year of car production and their actual stock in Kosovo. Neverthe less the data caming fron Household Budget Survey shows that 54% of the Kosovars families do have a car. The table 6.5 give some information on number of cars entries during the period 2004- Q12007. Unfortunatly ir is not possible to have any information on cars stock.

Table 6. 5: Motor vehicles 2004- Q1/ 2007

Year 2004 2005 2006 Q1-2007

Total 169.072 200.000 178.185 34.976

Source: Foreign trade statistics, SOK

Table 6.6. Impot of petrol, 2003

Name Fuel/ 000 l Oil 235.279 Petrol 115.427 Kerozine 1.285 Gas 6.469 Source: MESP

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6.3 Air quality

Air Pollution is a chemical, physical, or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease. While major stationary sources are often identified with air pollution, the greatest source of emissions is actually made up by mobile sources, mainly the automobiles. Gases such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming, have recently gained recognition as pollutants by some scientists. There are many substances in the air which may impair the health of plants and animals (including humans), or reduce visibility. These arise both from natural processes and from human activity. Substances not naturally found in the air or at greater concentrations or in different locations from usual are referred to as 'pollutants'. Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are substances directly produced by a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption or the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust. Secondary pollutants are not emitted. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is ground level ozone - one of the many secondary pollutants that make up photochemical smog.

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major pollutants in the atmosphere. Major sources of CO2 are fossil fuels burning and deforestation. CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space. This produces the so- called greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the Earth during the night. Increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere reinforces this effect and is expected to result in a warming of the Earth's surface. Currently carbon dioxide is responsible for 57% of the global warming trend. Nitrogen oxides contribute most of the atmospheric contaminants. Air pollution is both a local and a trans-boundary problem caused by the emission of certain pollutants which either alone, or through chemical reaction lead to negative environmental and health impacts.

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It is very difficult to monitor the quality of air in Kosovo, as the monitoring system is missing but still there are some efforts undertaken to estimation the quality. The information is coming from the industrial areas especially in the areas of Prishtina, Mitrovica, Elez Han.

Table 6. 7: Emissions during 2003

Pollutants Unit Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

3 SO2 µg/m 13,2 41 31,99 34 47,35 51,5 48,5 44,1 45,97 23,85 19,85 16,37

Soot µg/m3 16,7 17 19,4 10 13,76 9 6.75 8.93 17.83 13.52 18 Particles from µg/m3 55,0 106 101 75 109 96.4 106 89.9 126.8 34.05 72.26 131 the air Sediments mg/(m2d) 3111 1130 259 662 1195 342,37 665,1 756,1 559,9 612,2 121,5 392,4 Source: INKOS

Table 6. 8: Monitoring places during April 2004

Concentration µg m-3

Sample areas Total-LG2.5 LG10-LG2.5 LANDFILL TC “KOSOVA A” 181,29 88,63 SHIR. TRANSPORTUES-HADE 422,44 226,73 FUSHË KOSOVË 329,04 139,13 DARDHISHTË 177,35 91,83 M.S. BARDH 78,45 37,74 PIM – FAKULTETI FXM 91,65 40,31 ”1 MAJI” SCHOOL SHUPKOVC 106,96 50,08 MITROVICA 214,77 87,27 UJËSJELLËSI- SHIPOL 49,37 21,48 CEMENT FACOTRY, ELEZ HAN 439,34 205,15 Source: MESP

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