Literature Used in the Analysis for the Proposed and Final Rules to List the Northern Mexican (Thamnophis eques megalops) and Narrow-headed (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) Gartersnakes as Threatened Under the Endangered Species Act Docket No. FWS–R2–ES–2013–0071 July 2014

Abarca, F. J. and D. Weedman. 1993. Native fishes of Tonto Creek, Tonto National Forest, Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department Technical Report. Phoenix, Arizona. 51 pp. Abbate, D., A. Stingelin, and S. Lowery. 2007. Mexican gartersnake surveys along the lower Santa Cruz River Corridor: Arizona Army National Guard Silverbell / Marana Training Area in Pima County. Report submitted to Arizona Department of Emergency and Military Affairs, Arizona Army National Guard. 13 pp. Adams, M. J., C. A. Pearl, and R. B. Bury. 2003. Indirect facilitation of an anuran invasion by non-native fishes. Ecology Letters (6):343-351. Akins, C. 2012. E-mail correspondence from Christina Akins (Arizona Game and Fish Department) (June 22, 2012; 1813 hrs). Alfaro, M. E. 2002. Forward attack modes of aquatic feeding garter snakes. Functional Ecology 16:2004- 215. Alvarez-Torres, P., A. Díaz-de-León-Corral, O. Ramírez-Flores, and E. Bermúdez-Rodríguez. 2002. National fisheries chart 2000: a new instrument for fisheries management in inland waters. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12:317-326. American Rivers. 2006. Verde River among America’s “Most Endangered”. Available at: http://www.americanrivers.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=8501&security=1&news_iv_ctrl =1137 Andrews K. M. and J. W. Gibbons. 2005. How do highways influence snake movement? Behavioral responses to roads and vehicles. Copeia (4):772-782. Anderson, D. C. and P. B. Shafroth. 2010. Beaver Dams, hydrological thresholds, and controlled floods as a management tool in a desert riverine ecosystem, Bill Williams River, Arizona. Ecohydrology 3:325-338. Angermeier, P. L., A. P. Wheeler, and A. E. Rosenberger. 2004. A conceptual framework for assessing impacts of roads on aquatic biota. Fisheries 29(12):19-29. Arizona Department of Commerce. 2009a. Chino Valley community profile. Available online at http://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/COMMUNE/chino%20valley.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2010. Arizona Department of Commerce. 2009b. Prescott community profile. Available online at http://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/commune/prescott.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2010. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ). 2011. Fish consumption risk analysis for Tonto Creek, Arizona. July 2011. 8 pp. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). Undated. Arizona Water Atlas. Volume 3 – Southeastern Arizona Planning Area. 80 pp. Accessed May 14, 2014. Available at: http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/Statewideplanning/WaterAtlas/SEArizona/documents/Volume_3_ overview_Final.pdf Northern Mexican and Narrow-headed Gartersnakes July 2014

Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). 2006. Active Management Areas. Available: http://www.water.az.gov/WaterManagement/Content/AMAs/default.htm. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). 2009. Water supply of the Southeastern Arizona Planning Area - surface water. Available online at http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/ StatewidePlanning/WaterAtlas/SEArizona/PlanningAreaOverview/WaterSupply.htm. Accessed August 4, 2010. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). 2011. Water quality in the Morenci Basin. Available online at: http://www.adwr.state.az.us/AzDWR/StatewidePlanning/WaterAtlas/ SEArizona/Water/Morenci.htm. Accessed December 29, 2011. Arizona Drought Preparedness Plan Monitoring Technical Committee (ADPPMTC). 2012. Drought status. Available at: http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/StatewidePlanning/drought/DroughtStatus.htm Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 1996a. Thamnophis eques megalops occurrences in Arizona. Herp Diversity Review. Heritage Data Management System. April 15, 1996. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 1996b. Thamnophis rufipunctatus occurrences in Arizona. AGFD Herp Diversity Review. Heritage Data Management System. April 15, 1996. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2001. Thamnophis eques megalops. Unpublished abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data Management Systems, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 4 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2006a. Arizona’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy: 2005-2015. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 834 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2006b. Arizona’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy: 2005-2015. List of Tier 1b Species of Greatest Conservation Need. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2008. Correspondence from Eric Gardner, Nongame Branch Chief, Arizona Game and Fish Department (July 14, 2008). Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2009. Statewide Fish Management Team. 57 pp (June 17, 2009). Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2011. Santa Cruz Monitoring Near Rio Rico and Nogales. Region 5 Fisheries Program. November 15, 2011. 9 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2012a. Piscicide Treatment Planning and Procedures Manual. May 25, 2012. 45 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2012b. Arizona’s State Wildlife Action Plan: 2012-2022. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 245 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2012c. Sport fish stocking conservation and mitigation program (CAMP) Reporting FY2012. 41 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2013a. 2013 fishing regulations. Arizona Game and Fish Department; Phoenix, Arizona. 68 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2013b. Sport fish stocking conservation and mitigation program (CAMP) Reporting FY2013. 56 pp. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2014. Environmental assessment checklist for Roosevelt Lake warmwater sportfish stocking. 68 pp.

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Arizona State University (ASU). 1994. Fishery surveys of the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests. First through fourth trip reports for the Blue River and selected tributaries between May 24 and August 13, 1994. Tempe, Arizona. Arizona State University (ASU). 1995. Fishery surveys of the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests. Fifth through ninth trip reports for the Blue River and selected tributaries between April 22 and September 16, 1995. Tempe, Arizona. Arizona State University (ASU). 2008. Eagle Creek trip reports from Arizona State University personnel from 1989 through 2008. Tempe, Arizona. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). Undated. Arizona Water Atlas. Volume 3 – Southeastern Arizona Planning Area. 80 pp. Accessed May 14, 2014. Available at: http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/Statewideplanning/WaterAtlas/SEArizona/documents/Volume_3_ overview_Final.pdf Avenetti, L., K. Mosher, A. Vasey, K. Overton, and A. Makinster. 2012. Lower Tonto Creek (Gisela to Roosevelt Lake) fisheries survey, August 13-14, 2012. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch. Phoenix, Arizona. 14 pp. Bahre, C.J. 1995. Human impacts on the grasslands of Southeastern Arizona. Pp. 230-264 in M. P. McClaran and T. R. VanDevender (eds.), The Desert Grassland. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Bahm, J. and A. Robinson. 2009a. Spikedace and loach minnow survey in Eagle Creek, Greenlee and Graham counties, July – August 2008. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch. Phoenix, Arizona.7 pp. Bahm, J. and A. Robinson. 2009b. Spikedace survey of the upper Verde River, Granite Creek and Perkinsville areas, June 25 – July 3, 2008. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch. Phoenix, Arizona. 5 pp. Baldwin, P. 2003. The Endangered Species Act: consideration of economic factors. Report for Congress. Order Code RL30792. 13 pp. Barnett, L. O. and R. H. Hawkins. 2002. Reconnaissance watershed analysis on the upper and middle Verde watershed. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. 122 pp. Barragán-Ramírez, J. L. and J. J. Ascencio-Arrayga. 2013. Thamnophis eques (Mexican gartersnake). Mortality. Herpetological Review 44(1):158. Bartelt, P. E. 1998. Bufo boreas (Western Toad) mortality. Herpetological Review 29(2):96. Barton, C. and K. Kinkead. 2005. Do erosion control and snakes mesh? Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 60(2)33-35. Batista, C. G. 2002. Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Effects on native anuran community. Herpetol. Rev. 33(2):131. Bean. 2002. Overcoming unintended consequences of endangered species regulation. Idaho Law Review 38:409-420. Belsky, A. J., A. Matzke, and S. Uselman. 1999. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparian ecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 54(1):419-431. Berger, L., R. Speare, P. Deszak, D. E. Green, A. A. Cunningham, C. L. Goggin, R. Slocombe, M. R. Ragan, A. D. Hyatt, K. R. McDonald, H. B. Hines, K. R. Lips, G. Marentelli, and H. Parkes. 1998. Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. pp. 9031-9036.

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Bestgen, K. R. and D. L. Propst. 1989. Red shiner vs. native fishes: Replacement or displacement? Proc. of the Desert Fishes Council 18:209. Blair, K. 2012. E-mail correspondence from Kathleen Blair (Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge) (June 08, 2012; 0945 hrs.). Blasch, K.W., J.P. Hoffman, L.F. Graser, J.R. Bryson, and A.L. Flint. 2006. Hydrogeology of the upper and middle Verde River watersheds, central Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5198. 101 pp. Bookwalter, H. 2014. E-mail correspondence from Harold Bookwalter (former volunteer with the Nature Conservancy’s Patagonia-Sonoita Creek Preserve). (March 3, 2014; 1855 hrs.). Bonar, S., L. L. Leslie, and C. E. Velez. 2004. Influence of species, size class, environment, and season, on introduced fish predation on native species in the Verde River system, Arizona. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Reach Unit, Fisheries Research Report 04-01. Bonine, K. E., E. W. Stitt, G. L. Bradley, and J. J. Smith. 2004. Crotalus atrox (western diamond-backed rattlesnake). Entrapment and opportunistic courtship. Herpetological Review 35(2):176-177. Boundy, J. 1994. Thamnophis rufipunctatus. Color and size. Herpetological Review 25(3):126-127. Bowler, J. K. 1975. Longevity of reptiles and amphibians in North American collections as of 1 November, 1975. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Miscellaneous Publications, Herpetological Circular 6:1-32. Available at: http://www.demogr.mpg.de/longevityrecords/0403.htm Boyarski, V. 2008a. Mexican gartersnake mortalities observed at Bubbling Ponds Hatchery. 4 pp. Provided via e-mail correspondence (July 1, 2008; 1333 hrs). Boyarski, V. 2008b. Monitoring program for Mexican gartersnakes (Thamnophis eques) at Page Springs and Bubbling Ponds fish hatcheries—2007 update. 10 pp. Draft unpublished interim report provided via e-mail correspondence (June 18, 2008; 0937 hrs). Boyarski V. 2008c. Telephone interview with Ms. Valerie Boyarski, Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Planner, Arizona Game and Fish Department (August 1, 2008). Boyarski, V. 2011. Update on Mexican gartersnake monitoring project at Page Springs and Bubbling Ponds State Fish Hatcheries. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Nongame Branch. 3 pp. Boyarski, V. 2012. E-mail correspondence from Valerie Boyarski (formerly with Arizona Game and Fish Department). (September 6, 2012; 1837 hrs.). Boyarski, V. 2013. Public comment on proposed rule to list the northern Mexican gartersnake and narrow-headed gartersnake as threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. 3 pp. Bradley, G. L. 1986. Thamnophis eques in central Arizona. Herpetological Review 17(3):67. Bradley, G. A., P.C. Rosen, M. J. Sredl, T. R. Jones, and J. E. Longcore. 2002. Chytridiomycosis in native Arizona frogs. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(1):206-212. Branson, B. A., C. J. McCoy, Jr., and M. E. Sisk. 1960. Notes on freshwater fishes of Sonora with an addition to the known fauna. Copeia 3:217-220. Breininger, D. R., M. J. Mazerolle, M. R. Bolt, M. L. Legare, J. H. Drese, and J. E. Hines. 2012. Habitation fragmentation effects on annual survival of the federally protected eastern indigo snake. Animal Conservation 15:361-368. Brennan, T. C. 2007. Collecting narrow-headed gartersnakes (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) at the Black River, Arizona. Report submitted to the Arizona Game and Fish Department. 12 pp. Brennan, T. C. 2013. Report on Black River (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) collecting trip, June 2013. Report submitted to the Arizona Game and Fish Department. 1 p.

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