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Creación De Distribuciones Linux

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Creación De Distribuciones Linux ¿ Universidad de Almería Máster en Administración, Comunicaciones y Seguridad Informática Creación de distribuciones Linux Autor: Rafael Monroy Caballero Creación de distribuciones Linux Rafael Monroy Caballero Ingeniero Técnico Informático de Gestión [email protected] Tanto la memoria de este trabajo como el software desarrollado se distribuyen bajo la licencia GNU GPL v3. La Licencia Pública General GNU (GNU GPL) es una licencia libre, sin derechos para software y otro tipo de trabajos. Las licencias para la mayoría del software y otros trabajos prácticos están destinadas a suprimir la libertad de compartir y modificar esos trabajos. Por el contrario, la Licencia Pública General GNU persigue garantizar su libertad para compartir y modificar todas las versiones de un programa--y asegurar que permanecerá como software libre para todos sus usuarios. Cuando hablamos de software libre, nos referimos a libertad, no a precio. Las Licencias Públicas Generales están destinadas a garantizar la libertad de distribuir copias de software libre (y cobrar por ello si quiere), a recibir el código fuente o poder conseguirlo si así lo desea, a modificar el software o usar parte del mismo en nuevos programas libres, y a saber que puede hacer estas cosas. Para obtener más información sobre las licencias y sus términos puede consultar: • http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html (Licencia original en inglés) • http://www.viti.es/gnu/licenses/gpl.html (Traducción de la licencia al castellano) Se ha realizado el presente trabajo para la obtención del título de Máster Propio en Administración, Comunicaciones y Seguridad Informática por la Universidad de Almería http://masteracsi.ual.es 6 Distribuciones Linux. Proyecto Fin de Master CSI.- Universidad de Almería- ÍNDICE CAPÍTULO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN................................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 PLANIFICACIÓN ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 CAPÍTULO 2 DESCRIPCIÓN DE UNA DISTRIBUCIÓN ................................................................................... 11 2.1 EL ORIGEN ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Distribuciones ............................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2 /etc/motd ....................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 /etc/issue........................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.1.4 /etc/lsb-release............................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 CLASIFICACIÓN DE DISTRIBUCIONES .................................................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 Por arquitectura............................................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.2 Modo de ejecución........................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.3 Origen y Destino ........................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.4 Base de la distribución .................................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.5 Por paquetes primarios.................................................................................................................................. 19 CAPÍTULO 3 CREACIÓN DE UNA DISTRIBUCIÓN ......................................................................................... 21 CAPÍTULO 4 IMPLEMENTACIÓN USANDO UNA BASE................................................................................. 25 4.1 CREACIÓN USANDO -UCK - .................................................................................................................................. 26 4.1.1 Comprobación............................................................................................................................................... 33 4.2 CREACIÓN USANDO -REMASTERSYS - .................................................................................................................. 34 4.2.1 Comprobación............................................................................................................................................... 39 4.3 CREACIÓN USANDO -UBUNTU BUILDER - ............................................................................................................. 40 4.3.1 Comprobación............................................................................................................................................... 45 CAPÍTULO 5 IMPLEMENTACIÓN DESDE CERO............................................................................................. 47 5.1 CREACIÓN CON ANFITRIÓN .................................................................................................................................. 47 5.1.1 Comprobación............................................................................................................................................... 58 CONCLUSIONES Y TRABAJO FUTURO................................................................................................................. 61 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ............................................................................................................................................................ 63 8 Distribuciones Linux. Proyecto Fin de Master CSI.- Universidad de Almería- Capítulo 1 INTRODUCCIÓN El presente documento se presenta como la memoria del Proyecto Fin de Máster (PFM) titulado “Creación de distribuciones Linux” que está asociado al Máster en Administración, Comunicaciones y Seguridad Informática de la Universidad de Almería. Siendo realizado en su total integridad por Rafael Monroy Caballero y supervisado por el director del máster, Julio Gómez López. Hoy en dia, no solamente se habla sino que se utiliza cada vez más sistemas operativos GNU/Linux tanto en el mundo empresarial, como en el doméstico, impulsados por las diferentes caracteristicas que cada vez hacen mejorar su rápida expansion en el sector informatico, como pueden ser por ejemplo, su bajo coste económico frente a otras ofertas, pudiendo llegar a ser dicho coste hasta cero, su fácil manejo e instalación asi como su robustez y fiabilidad entre otras muchas ventajas que se pueden encontrar. La posibilidad de crear un sistema operativo a medida ha provocado que cualquier entidad, organismo o en definitiva usuario, tenga un problema especifico, no habiendo sistemas operativos que solventen sus necesidades de forma directa, teniendo que reconstruirlos, mediante la instalación o eliminación de scripts o paquetes para asi desempeñar la tarea especifica requerida. Pero muchas veces no se sabe como se pueden hacer estos procesos de forma directa o a veces que esa mimsa reconstrucción se pueda distribuir a otras máquinas o usuarios con las mismas necesidades. El objetivo del libro es aprender a construir nuestra propia distribución de un sistema operativo GNU/Linux presentando diferentes posibilidades para ello. El libro se divide en los siguientes capítulos: ••• Capítulo 1. Introducción. Se inicia el documento haciendo una breve descripción junto con la planificación de los proyectos construidos. ••• Capítulo 2. Descripción de una distribución. En el segundo capítulo, se describe que es una distribución y sus variantes, además de hacer una aproximación a la gran cantidad de distribuciones que se pueden encontrar en el mercado, mediante clasificaciones de cada una de ellas según caracteristicas diferenciadoras. 9 Distribuciones Linux. Proyecto Fin de Master CSI.- Universidad de Almería- ••• Capítulo 3. Creación de una distribución. En este capítulo, se describen las diferentes posibilidades y herramientas que existen para la creación de distribuciones dependiendo de la base que se quiera tomar. ••• Capítulo 4. Implementación usando una base. Se analizan las diferentes herramientas existentes en el mercado que permiten la creación de distribuciones basadas en otra previa. Además se aprenderá a instalar y configurar tales aplicaciones asi como la creación de diferentes ISO basadas en la distribución Ubuntu ••• Capítulo 5. Implementación desde cero. Se estudia la metodologia junto con las diferentes politicas a seguir para la creación de una distribución sin basarse en ninguna previa hasta llegar a la implementación. Se aprenderá a configurar un sistema desde su raíz. 1.1 PLANIFICACIÓN La planificación de tareas para la realización del proyecto se detalla a continuación : (01 Julio – 15 Julio): documentación inicial sobre la creación de distribuciones GNU/Linux. (16 Julio -19 Agosto): implementación de un sistema GNU/Linux creado desde cero. (20 Agosto – 31 Agosto): implementacion de sistemas GNU/Linux utilizando una base. (01 Septiembre – 03 Septiembre): Fase de pruebas. (02 Septiembre – 15 Septiembre): Fase de
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