DEMOUNTING AND MOUNTING PROCEDURES FOR TUBELESS TRUCK AND BUS

TIRE AND SERVICING CAN BE DANGEROUS AND MUST ONLY BE PERFORMED BY TRAINED PERSONNEL USING PROPER PROCEDURES AND . FAILURE TO READ AND COMPLY WITH ALL OF THESE PROCEDURES MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH TO YOU AND OTHERS. PLEASE NOTE: THIS IS CHART 1 OF A 3-CHART SET. BE SURE TO ALSO READ, UNDERSTAND AND COMPLY WITH CHART 2 RE: DEMOUNTING AND MOUNTING PROCEDURES FOR TUBE-TYPE TRUCK AND BUS TIRES, AND CHART 3 RE: MULTI-PIECE RIM MATCHING

Completely deflate any by removing NEVER use starter fluid, ether, gasoline, NEVER inflate beyond 40 psi to seat any Any inflated tire mounted on a con- Mismatching tire and rim diameters is NEVER assemble a tire and rim unless the valve core before removing the or other flammable materials and/or accel- tire beads. NEVER stand, lean, or reach over tains explosive energy. The use of damaged, dangerous. A mismatched tire and rim as- you have positively identified and correctly tire/wheel assembly from the axle if there erants to lubricate or to seat the beads of a the tire rim/wheel assembly in the restrain- mismatched or improperly assembled tire sembly may separate and can result in seri- matched the tire and rim diameter. If an at- is known or suspected damage to the tire or tire. This practice can cause the explosive ing device during inflation. Even if a tire is in and wheel components can cause the as- ous injury or death. This warning applies to tempt is made to seat the by in- wheel or if the tire has been operated at separation of the tire/wheel during servic- a restraining device, inflating beyond 40 psi sembly to separate with explosive force. If 15” and 15.5”, 16” and 16.5”, 18” and flating on a mismatched rim/wheel, the tire 80% or less of its recommended operating ing or during highway use, which may result when trying to seat the beads is a DANGER- struck by an exploding tire, wheel compo- 18.5”, 22” and 22.5”, 24” and 24.5” tire and bead will break with explosive force and may pressure. Demount, inspect and match all in serious injury or death. OUS PRACTICE that may break a tire bead nent, or the air blast, you or someone else rim assemblies as well as other sized as- result in serious injury or death. tire and rim parts before re-inflating in a re- or the rim/wheel with explosive force and may be seriously injured or killed. semblies. NEVER assemble a tire and rim straining device. possibly result in serious injury or death. unless you have positively identified and cor- rectly matched the tire and rim diameter.

1 BEFORE SERVICING ANY TIRE RIM/WHEEL ASSEMBLY 4 MOUNTING TIRE ON RIM/WHEEL ASSEMBLY • ALWAYS comply with the procedures on this chart and in the bead unseating tools are the preferred tools for unseating beads tire/wheel manufacturer's catalogs, instruction manuals or other on tubeless tires. T U B E L E S S ; S I N G L E P I E C E industry and government instructional materials. 4A. Before mounting, be sure that the tire is prop- erly matched to the rim. These photo examples show • NEVER reinflate any tire that has been operated in a run-flat or the rim/wheel size stamp. • Use a non-flammable vegetable or soap-based rubber lubricant underinflated condition (i.e., operated at 80% or less of recom- on the beads and rim surfaces to make tire demounting and mended operating pressure). Demount, inspect and match all tire NEVER assemble a tire and rim unless mounting easier. and rim components before reinflating in a restraining device with you have positively identified and correctly matched the 4A the valve core removed. tire and rim diameter. If an attempt is made to seat the • Use proper tools to demount or mount tires and rims (refer to tire bead by inflating on a mismatched rim/wheel, the tire “Typical Tire Service Tools”). NEVER strike the tire/wheel assem- • If an emergency puncture repair inflater was used on a tubeless bead will break with explosive force and may result in se- rious injury or death. bly with a steel duck bill to unseat the beads and do not tire, deflate and reinflate the tire several times to remove poten- 4B. Identify the short side of the drop center well. strike the head of the hammer with another hard-faced hammer – tially explosive propellant before servicing the tire. Single-piece tubeless rims and must be mounted use a rubber or plastic dead blow hammer. Slide impact from the short side of the drop center well. On steel disc wheels, the short side is typically located opposite the disc. Aluminum wheels typically have symmetrical drop 4B Steel Wheel Aluminum Wheel 19.5-in Aluminum Wheel IF YOU DO NOT KNOW HOW TO USE TIRE SERVICING TOOLS — centers so tires can be mounted from either side. How- STOP! ever, on certain 19.5-inch aluminum wheels, the short TIRE SERVICING MUST ONLY BE PERFORMED BY TRAINED PERSONNEL. side of the drop center well is located on the disc side. FAILURE TO FOLLOW PROPER PROCEDURES CAN RESULT IN SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH. 4C. Place the wheel on the floor with the short side of • ALWAYS wear adequate protective eyewear (or • NEVER use an extension or “cheater” bar with • NEVER use a bent, cracked, chipped, dented or the drop center well facing up. Lubricate the tire beads face shield), protective footwear, and ear pro- tire irons. mushroomed . Keep tools clean and in- and rim surfaces. tection while servicing tires to avoid injury. spect them frequently. 4D. Push the tire on the rim opposite the and • ALWAYS use soft-faced when driving use the curved end of the tire iron to pry the bottom bead • NEVER use a tire tool for anything except de- tire irons or assembling components. • NEVER alter or apply heat to any tire service over the rim flange. 4C mounting and mounting tires. tool. 4E. Apply pressure to the bead opposite the valve stem • NEVER use a hammer with a loose or cracked making sure the bead is completely in the drop center handle. well. 4F. Taking small bites, use the curved end of the tire iron to pry the top bead over the rim flange. Keep the bead in the drop center well with your foot or a bead- locking device. Continue until the top bead is fully mounted over the rim flange. 4D 4E 4F

BEFORE INFLATING TIRE RIM/WHEEL ASSEMBLY, THE TIRE MUST BE PROPERLY MOUNTED.

2 DEFLATING AND DEMOUNTING TIRE FROM RIM/WHEEL ASSEMBLY 5 INFLATING TIRE RIM/WHEEL ASSEMBLY • ALWAYS completely deflate the tire assembly before attempting to • Loosen beads by using a slide impact bead unseating tool, duck TIRE AND RIM SERVICING CAN BE DANGEROUS AND MUST ONLY BE PERFORMED BY TRAINED demount. Remove the valve core and insert a wire down the valve bill hammer with a rubber mallet, or other bead unseating tool. Both PERSONNEL USING PROPER PROCEDURES AND TOOLS. FAILURE TO READ AND COMPLY stem to ensure complete deflation. NEVER demount a tire from a beads must be loosened before demounting a tire. WITH ALL OF THESE PROCEDURES MAY RESULT IN SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH TO YOU AND OTHERS. rim unless you are sure it is completely deflated. a DANGEROUS PRACTICE that may result in serious injury or death. T U B E L E S S ; S I N G L E P I E C E NEVER use starter fluid, ether, gasoline, or other flam- mable materials and/or accelerants to lubricate or to seat the beads 2A. Identify the short side of the drop center wheel During inflation, if ANY sidewall undulations or bulges well. Single piece tubeless rims and wheels must be de- of a tire. This practice can cause the explosive separation of the appear or if ANY snapping, cracking or popping noises mounted from the short side of the drop center well. On 2A Steel Wheel Aluminum Wheel 19.5-in Aluminum Wheel steel disc wheels, the short side is typically located oppo- tire/wheel during servicing or during highway use, which may result occur — STOP! DO NOT approach tire. Before removing from re- site the disc. Aluminum wheels typically have symmetri- cal drop centers so tires can be demounted from either in serious injury or death. straining device, completely deflate tire remotely. Remove clip-on side. However, on certain 19.5-inch aluminum wheels, the short side of the drop center well is located on the disc air chuck. Mark tire as damaged for potential “zipper rupture”. Ren- side. ALWAYS inflate the tire rim/wheel assembly in a re- der tire unservicable, non-repairable and scrap. 2B. Unseat and lubricate both beads. Position the as- straining device with the valve core removed. The air line assembly sembly with the short side of the drop center well facing up. 2B 2C 2D must consist of the following components: a clip-on air chuck, an in- NEVER inflate beyond 40 psi to seat any tire beads. 2C. Insert tire irons on either side of the valve stem ap- line valve with a pressure gauge or presettable regulator, and suffi- NEVER stand, lean, or reach over the tire rim/wheel assembly in proximately 6 inches (152 mm) apart. Pry the top bead over the rim flange and force the bead opposite the tire cient hose length to keep the technician outside the trajectory during the restraining device during inflation. Even if a tire is in a restrain- irons in the drop center well. inflation. (See “Trajectory” WARNING below.) DO NOT rest or lean ing device, inflating beyond 40 psi when trying to seat the beads is 2D. Remove one tire iron and insert the curved end between the bead and rim. Pry the rest of the top any part of your body against the restraining device during inflation. a DANGEROUS PRACTICE that may break a tire bead or the bead over the rim flange. Repeat this process until the first bead is entirely free from the rim. Failure to use a restraining device when inflating a tire rim/wheel as- rim/wheel with explosive force and possibly result in serious injury 2E 2E Reverse Angle 2F 2E. Stand the tire on its tread. Slide the flat end of the tire sembly is not only a violation of OSHA regulation 1910.177, but also or death. iron between the bead and the rim flange; make sure the tip is completely over the rim flange. Remove solid flange. 2F. Pry the tire iron and allow the rim/wheel to drop. S T E P - B Y - S T E P I N F L AT I O N P RO C E D U R E S IMPORTANT! Make sure your feet are clear of the 1. Before inflating any tire rim/wheel as- jectory” WARNING below. DO NOT stand or lean rim. If necessary, rock or bounce the assembly to remove sembly, be sure to read, understand and any part of your body against, or reach over, the re- the tire from the rim/wheel. For aluminum wheels, a rub- comply with ALL WARNINGS. 5A 5B straining device during inflation. ber mat should be placed on the floor to prevent damage 2. After mounting the tire on the rim, use a com- 6. Continue to inflate until the beads are to the mounting surface of the wheel. pressed air tank with quick release valve to seated on the rim/wheel. Inspect both sides of the seal the beads. Do not exceed 5 psi before tire to be sure that the beads are evenly seated. placing the assembly in a restraining NEVER inflate beyond 40 psi to seat any tire beads. device. If the beads are not seated at 40 psi — STOP! Com- 3. Place the assembly in an OSHA-compli- pletely deflate, remove from the restraining device, ant restraining device, such as a tire safety and determine the problem. Reposition the tire on the cage. Photo 5A is an example of one type of a rim, relubricate, and reinflate. INSPECTING TIRE AND RIM/WHEEL COMPONENTS restraining device. Manufacturers recom- 5C 5D 7. After the tire beads are seated, continue to mend that restraining devices be freestanding inflate the tire to its recommended inflation pres- 3 and located at least one foot away from any sure. IMPORTANT! Look for distortions, undula- • ALWAYS conduct a visual and tactile inspection of the tire. • Remove rust, dirt, or foreign material from all tire and wheel flat or solid surface. tions, or other irregularities in the tire sidewall, such mating surfaces. 4. Inflate the tire, with the valve core re- as in Photo 5D. Listen for any popping or snapping • LOOK and FEEL for any damage or evi- moved, using a clip-on air chuck with an in- sounds. If ANY of these conditions are present — dence of being operated overloaded • Inspect rim/wheel. NEVER use any single-piece rims/wheels that are line valve or pressure regulator and a sufficent STOP! DO NOT approach tire. Before removing 3A length of hose. Inflate to 20 psi in restrain- from restraining device, completely deflate tire re- and/or in a run-flat condition (80% or less worn, bent, cracked, or pitted by corrosion. Clearly mark and remove ing device. motely. Remove clip-on air chuck. Mark tire as dam- of recommended operating inflation pres- all unserviceable parts from the service area. See examples in 3C IMPORTANT! Look for distortions, undulations, or other irregularities in the aged for potential “zipper rupture”. Render tire unservicable, non-repairable and scrap. sure). Photo 3A is an example of innerliner damage and 3D. tire sidewall, such as in Photo 5C. Listen for any popping or snapping sounds. If ANY of these conditions are present — STOP! DO NOT approach tire. Before re- 8. If none of these “zipper” conditions are present, remove clip-on air chuck, in- created by an underinflated and overloaded condition. • DO NOT rework, weld, heat or braze any rim parts or components moving from restraining device, completely deflate tire remotely. Remove clip-on stall the valve core, and adjust the inflation pressure to the recommended air chuck. Mark tire as damaged for potential “zipper rupture”. Render tire un- operating inflation pressure. for any reason. servicable, non-repairable and scrap. 9. Before removing the tire rim/wheel assembly from the restraining device, al- Radial tires that have undulations or 5. Visually inspect tire rim/wheel assemblies throughout the inflation process ways visually inspect for proper seating of the beads and all parts. irregular sidewall distortions could possibly have per- 3B Use a carpenter square and a credit card to 3D for improper seating. When inflating a tire, stay out of the trajectory. See “Tra- 10. Conduct a final inspection. Check for air leaks. Install a suitable valve cap. manent sidewall structural damage (steel cord fa- examine rim diameter. tigue). Ply cords weakened by underinflation and/or overloading may break one after another, until a rup- ture occurs in the upper sidewall with accompanying TRAJECTORY instantaneous air loss and explosive force. This can re- sult in serious injury or death. Follow tire industry recommended inspection procedures for tires with these characteristics. Photo 3B is an example of sidewall undulations in- THE AIR PRESSURE CONTAINED IN A TIRE IS DANGEROUS. THE SUDDEN RELEASE dicative of a potential “zipper rupture”. OF THIS PRESSURE BY A TIRE BLOW-OUT OR SIDE RING SEPARATION CAN CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH. By using the carpenter square and the credit card on this wheel, it is more clear that the STAY OUT OF THE TRAJECTORY AS INDICATED BY THE SHADED AREA DEPICTED IN THE GRAPHICS. In the examples at rim diameter has been reduced so the wheel should not be used. See WARNING below. WHEN INSTALLING THE TIRE RIM/WHEEL ASSEMBLY ON THE VEHICLE, IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE TO STAY OUT OF THE TRAJECTORY. 3C right, a rim flange HOWEVER, AT ALL OTHER TIMES YOU AND ALL OTHERS MUST STAY OUT OF THE TRAJECTORY. wear guage can be used to determine if the rim flange is acceptable for service. The guage reads “Daylight in this  area is an acceptable rim.”

ANY INFLATED TIRE MOUNTED ON A WHEEL CONTAINS EXPLOSIVE ENERGY. THE USE OF DAMAGED, MISMATCHED OR IMPROPERLY ASSEMBLED TIRE AND WHEEL COMPONENTS CAN CAUSE THE ASSEMBLY TO SEPARATE WITH EXPLOSIVE FORCE. IF STRUCK BY AN EXPLODING TIRE, WHEEL COMPONENT, OR THE AIR BLAST, YOU OR SOMEONE ELSE MAY BE SERIOUSLY INJURED OR KILLED.

NOTE: Under some circumstances, the trajectory may deviate from its expected path.

You have a right to a safe workplace. THIS CHART MUST BE PRINTED AT If you think your job is unsafe and you have questions, call OSHA. LEAST 2’ x 3’ MINIMUM SIZE. It’s confidential. We can help! www.osha.gov • (800) 321-OSHA (6742) • TTY (877) 889-5627 OSHA 3401 10R-11 3401 OSHA