Roger Williams University DOCS@RWU School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Historic Preservation Preservation Theses 5-22-2012 A Return to Manning the Post: the Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War Donald J. Sevigny Roger Williams University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.rwu.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Sevigny, Donald J., "A Return to Manning the Post: the Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War" (2012). Historic Preservation. Paper 2. http://docs.rwu.edu/hp_theses/2 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Theses at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historic Preservation by an authorized administrator of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Return to Manning the Post _________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War Prepared By: Donald J. Sevigny Master of Science Historic Preservation School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Roger Williams University May 2012 SIGNATURE PAGE A Return to Manning the Post: The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War Author: Donald J. Sevigny Signature: _______________________________________________________________ Date of Signature: ______________________________________________________ Advisor: Jeremy C. Wells, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Historic Preservation Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island Signature: _______________________________________________________________ Date of Signature: ______________________________________________________ Reader: Timothy Allen, Ph.D. Director of the Carter Real Estate Center College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina Signature: _______________________________________________________________ Date of Signature: ______________________________________________________ Dean: Stephen White, AIA Dean of the School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island Signature: _______________________________________________________________ Date of Signature: ______________________________________________________ D. Sevigny | A Return to Manning the Post: The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War | May 2012 ii DEDICATION For the 10th Coast Artillery Regiment of Narragansett Bay - New Bedford and the 11th Coast Artillery Regiment of the Long Island Sound. Your legacy has endured through the harbor defenses that remain along the coastline. It is my hope these structures will endure as symbols of the dedication, efforts, and sacrifices you made during the war effort. D. Sevigny | A Return to Manning the Post: The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War | May 2012 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank Gordon Bliss, Craig Lentz, and Mark Berhow of the Coastal Defense Study Group for providing me invaluable information and feedback on harbor defense. Also major thanks to Martin K. Gordon of the Council on America’s Military Past for providing additional knowledge on harbor defense as well as Major Mark Gabriele and Master Sergeant James Loffler for allowing me access to Camp Varnum and providing me with a great tour of the buildings and site. Thank you to Tim Allen of the Carter Real Estate Center at the College of Charleston for giving your time and expertise in real estate investment for reviewing my cost analyses. Thank you to Angela Tafone and Joshua Patterson for helping me attain many of the cost estimates from RS Means. I could not have done it without you! I would like to thank Jeremy Wells, Philip Marshall, Arnold Robinson, Rick Greenwood, Hasan-Uddin Khan and Okan Ustunkok for guiding me over the past five years during my studies in Historic Preservation. This thesis exemplifies all five years in various forms, and none of it would have been possible without your invaluable teachings over the years. I would also like to thank my family for their tireless support and understanding throughout my studies. It is impossible to gauge how much you have all helped me over the past five years, and I could not thank you enough. I would also like to thank Liz for being so supportive throughout the year. I could not have done it without you. Thank you! And finally, I would like to thank Marge Winski for showing me to the two “bunkers” at Shadmoor State Park during the summer of 2000. Twelve years later, that single visit has morphed into this graduate thesis. Who knew? The Author at Station 3-A at Shadmoor State Park in 2000. Photo Credit: Marge Winski D. Sevigny | A Return to Manning the Post: The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War | May 2012 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 - Dwindling Veteran Population, Growing Recognition of Tangible Heritage 2 1.2 - Adaptive Reuse Potential 4 1.3 - The Need to Save Cottage-Style Fire Control Stations 5 1.4 - Purpose, Benefits, and Limitations of Study 6 1.5 - Organization of Study 9 1.6 - Limitations of Study 10 1.7 - Terminologies 10 1.7.1 - Harbor Defense Terms 11 1.7.2 - Existing Conditions Assessment Terms 12 1.7.3 - Cost Analysis Terms 13 1.8 - Bibliography 14 CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE STUDIES 16 2.1 - History of Harbor Defense and Fire Control in the United States 16 2.1.1 - Fire Control Before World War II 16 2.1.2 - Fire Control During World War II 19 2.2 - Review of Conditions Assessment Literature 20 2.3 - Review of Methods for Conducting Cost Estimates and Cost Analyses 23 2.4 - Case Studies 24 2.4.1 - General History 25 2.4.2 - History of Station 1-B, Fort Greene/CamP Cronin - Point Judith, Rhode Island 25 2.4.3 - History of Stations 1-A and 3-A, Location 13A/CamP Hero - Montauk, New York 31 2.5 - Review of Similar Cases 33 2.5.1 - CamP Varnum - Narragansett, Rhode Island 33 2.5.2 - The Blockhouse/Hilda Lindley House - Montauk, New York 34 2.5.3 - Fire Control Tower #23 - CaPe May, New Jersey 35 2.6 - Conclusion 37 2.7 - Bibliography 39 CHAPTER 3 - METHODS 43 3.1 - Overview of Work 43 3.1.1 - CamP Cronin 43 3.1.2 - Shadmoor State Park 44 3.2 - Existing Conditions Assessment 44 3.2.1 - Organization 44 D. Sevigny | A Return to Manning the Post: The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War | May 2012 v 3.2.2 - Diagnosis and Visual Aids 45 3.3 - Cost Estimates 48 3.4 - Cost Analysis 49 3.5 - Conclusion 50 3.6 - Bibliography 51 CHAPTER 4 - RESULTS 52 4.1 Existing Conditions Survey 52 4.1.1 - Station 1-B 54 4.1.1.1 - Exterior Elements 54 4.1.1.2 - Interior Elements 66 4.1.1.3 - Historical Background 66 4.1.2 - Station 1-A 68 4.1.2.1 - Exterior Elements 68 4.1.2.2 - Historical Background 74 4.1.3 - Station 3-A 76 4.1.3.1 - Exterior Elements 76 4.1.3.2 - Historical Background 81 4.2 Scope of Work 82 4.2.1 - Station 1-B 83 4.2.1.1 - Exterior Elements 83 4.2.1.2 - Interior Elements 84 4.2.2 - Station 1-A 86 4.2.2.1 - Exterior Elements 86 4.2.3 - Station 3-A 88 4.2.3.1 - Exterior Elements 88 4.3 A Need for Nomination onto the National Register of Historic Places 90 4.3.1 - Contextual Information 90 4.3.2 - The National Register Eligibility Process 91 4.3.2.1 - South Reservation, Fort Nathanael Greene/Camp Cronin 91 4.3.2.2 - Location 13A/Shadmoor State Park 93 4.4 Cost Estimates 95 4.4.1 - Station 1-B 96 4.4.2 - Station 1-A 100 4.4.3 - Station 3-A 105 4.5 Cost Analysis 110 4.5.1 - Station 1-B 112 4.5.2 - Station 1-A 115 4.5.3 - Station 3-A 118 4.6 - Conclusion 121 D. Sevigny | A Return to Manning the Post: The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War | May 2012 vi 4.7 - Bibliography 122 CHAPTER 5 - DISCUSSION 124 5.1 Adaptive Reuse 124 5.1.1 - Station 1-B 125 5.1.1.1 - Objectives 126 5.1.1.2 - Constraints 126 5.1.1.3 - Opportunities 126 5.1.2 - Station 1-A 127 5.1.1.1 - Objectives 128 5.1.1.2 - Constraints 129 5.1.1.3 - Opportunities 129 5.1.3 - Station 3-A 130 5.1.1.1 - Objectives 130 5.1.1.2 - Constraints 131 5.1.1.3 - Opportunities 131 5.2 - Conclusion 132 5.3 - Bibliography 135 6 - APPENDIX 136 D. Sevigny | A Return to Manning the Post: The Adaptive Reuse of Publically Owned Fire Control Stations from the Second World War | May 2012 vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Tables 3.2.2.1 - Existing Conditions Survey - Elevation Mapping Key 47 Station 1-B 4.4.1.1 - Exterior Walls 96 4.4.1.2 - Windows 97 4.4.1.3 - Doors 97 4.4.1.4 - Roof 97 4.4.1.5 - Floors 98 4.4.1.6 - Interior Concrete Wall Painting 98 4.4.1.7 - Doors 98 4.4.1.8 - Stairs 98 4.4.1.9 - Ceiling Painting 99 4.4.1.10 - Electrical 99 4.4.1.11 - Plumbing 99 4.4.1.12 - Total Hard Cost Estimate 99 Station 1-A 4.4.2.1 - Exterior Walls 100 4.4.2.2 - Windows 101 4.4.2.3 - Doors 101 4.4.2.4 - Roof 101 4.4.2.5 - Floors 102 4.4.2.6 - Interior Concrete Wall Painting 102 4.4.2.7 - Stairs 102 4.4.2.8 - Ceiling Painting 103 4.4.2.9 - Electrical 103 4.4.2.10 - Plumbing 103 4.4.2.11 - HVAC Systems 104 4.4.2.12 - Total Hard Cost Estimate 104 Station 3-A 4.4.3.1 - Foundation 105 4.4.3.2 - Exterior Walls 105 4.4.3.3 - Windows 106 4.4.3.4 - Doors 106 4.4.3.5 - Roof 106 4.4.3.6 - Floors 107 4.4.3.7 - Door Enlargement 108 4.4.3.8 - Interior Concrete Wall Painting 108 4.4.3.9 - Stairs 108 4.4.3.10 - Ceiling Painting 108 4.4.3.11 - Electrical 109 4.4.3.12 - Plumbing 109 4.4.2.13 - HVAC Systems 109 4.4.3.14 - Total Hard Cost Estimate 109 D.