The march of the artificial insemination in Ministry of Agriculture Directorate of Animal )1955 – 2014( Resources Department of Artificial Insemination

Prepared by

Dr. Musadaq D. Ali Faris F. I. Al-Shwkh Dr. Talal A. Abdulkareem

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan Karim I. Al-Badry Kamil F. Hurish

Wedad I. Mustafa Mohammed J. Mhaimeed Omar A. Mohammed

The march of the artificial insemination in Iraq )1955 – 2014(

Prepared by

Dr. Musadaq D. Ali Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh Dr. Talal A. Abdulkareem General Director Director Assistant Professor Directorate of Animal Resource Department of Artificial Insemination College of Agriculture University of Baghdad

Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan Karim I. Al-Badry Kamil F. Hurish Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Consultant Vet. College of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Artificial Insemination University of Baghdad University of Baghdad

Wedad I. Mustafa Mohammed J. Mhaimeed Omar A. Mohammed Consultant Vet. Consultant Vet. Agricultural Eng. Department of Artificial Department of Artificial Department of Artificial Insemination Insemination Insemination

List of Contents

Title Page No.

Speech of Dr. Musadaq D. Ali 1 Speech of Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh 2 Names of the gentlemen who were responsible for managing the 3 Artificial Insemination Department Reality of the artificial insemination activity in Iraq 4 The Activity Structure 6 The productive aspect 6 The service aspect 6 Table (1). Artificial Insemination Centers operating in Baghdad and 9 other provinces Production Efficiency of the Artificial Insemination Department 10 Table (2). Production and sales of the main center at Abu-Ghraib 11 from frozen semen straws during 1991-2013 Table (3). Implementation rates of artificial insemination, 12 pregnancy detection and reproductive care for the entire provinces of Iraq during (1962-2013) The Artificial Insemination Department 14 Semen collection division 14 Production and manufacture of frozen semen straws division 14 Animal management and nutrition division 15 Animals health care division 16 Embryo transfer division 16 Liquid nitrogen production division 17 Administrative division 18 Artificial insemination division in Abu-Ghraib 18 Artificial insemination division in Al-Yusufiya 18 Artificial insemination division in Al-Mahmoudiya 19 Artificial insemination division in Dora 19 Artificial insemination division in Radhwaniya 19 Artificial insemination division in Taji 19 Artificial insemination division in Fudhaylia 19 Artificial insemination division in Rashidiya 20 Genetic resources division 20 Embryo Transfer Project in Iraq 21

Theses that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination 28 Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture (1977 – 2014) Title Page No.

Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial 32 Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture )4172 – 7991( Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial 37 Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture for the agricultural and veterinary Bachelor degree students Training courses and Meetings for Artificial Insemination 40 Department personnel outside of Iraq (1975-2012) Training courses for Artificial Insemination Department personnel 45 Inside of Iraq (2004-2013) Recent advances conducted at Artificial Insemination Department, 56 Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture during )2012-2014)

Animal Resource is one of the important infrastructure for the agricultural sector of Iraq through its active role in improving the economic development and increasing national income in Iraq. The artificial insemination and what can it play a pivotal role in enhancing the livestock productivity in general and cows in particular has form over five decades the mainstay of this sector through the dissemination of superior genetic factors among the animals, and consequently increased animals productivity and owners income accordingly. The Directorate of Animal Resource has been since its inception to support the Department of Artificial Insemination and provided with all the elements of continuity and development. What has been achieved from the upsurge in its production and the evolution of its work and modern techniques introduced within the course of its production testament to the continued support for this sector. We, through this great process of artificial insemination in Iraq, which was previously other than the Arab and Middle East countries, we record our pride and thank God that we were who loll will intervene in the development and upgrading it. We are honored to offer through this book , the march of this great edifice in Iraq on the anniversary of its fifty establishment and the great scientific output of it and we hope that we live up to it and develop it more in the coming years toward the ranks of advanced countries in this area in line with the significant role it plays within the animal resource.

Dr. Musadaq D. Ali

General Director of Animal Resource Directorate

Ministry of Agriculture

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For more than six decades, and still artificial insemination technique in cattle stride confident and rapid in the world, where preceded other techniques, due to its great importance in bringing about the desired genetic improvement and ease of the procedure and lower cost. We are in Iraq and after the passage of five decades starting this technology, we are proud of what we have achieved an increase in the production of frozen semen straws and making of self-sufficiency in all provinces of Iraq with good conception and pregnancy rates and keep abreast of recent developments in this area. As we write in this book the lines of artificial insemination march in Iraq with all its signs of prosperity and deterioration, I am honored to extend my capacity as director of this department to thank and praise the great all those who contributed to the success of this large step in Iraq and sought in prosperity or put a brick in the great edifice. I am also pleased to extend my greater appreciation and gratitude for all set their beautiful imprint in the preparation of this book to remain as immortal radiant reminds the future posterity for what, researchers and pioneers made over many years. I also wish that I record my apologies for all of anonymity inadvertently disregarded in this book, but, they surely will remain in our hearts, we derive strength from them for the coming days. Our big ambitions to make us constantly strive to add new technologies and developed methods to our work towards increasing frozen semen straws and improve the quality of cooperation with all the scientific and academic related organizations.

Mr. Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh

Director of Artificial Insemination Department

Directorate of Animal Resource

Ministry of Agriculture

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Names of the gentlemen who were responsible for managing the Artificial Insemination Department

- In 1955-1969, the Artificial Insemination Department was a part of Cow Department headed by the Agricultural Engineer Sami A. Al-Kaseer.

- In 1965, the Egyptian expert, Dr. Farooq El-Desoki was arrived to Iraq and continued its administration guidance of artificial insemination. The Department was as a Division managed by the Agricultural Engineer Mr. Abdul Jabbar Ali Khan.

- Since 1969, many gentlemen have shared the responsibility of managing Artificial Insemination Department, as listed below, for the periods set out about all of them.

Manager Name Degree Year From To Murtatha K. Al-Hakim PhD Reproductive 1969 1972 Physiology Hashim D. L. Muhsen B.SC. Veterinary 1972 1982 Medicine Jabbar A. R. Al-Rubei B.SC. Veterinary 1982 1983 Medicine Adnan S. Al-Janabi PhD Surgery and 1983 1986 Obstetrics Aziz H. Y. Al-Lami M.SC. 1986 1988 Theriogenology Husam H. Al-Najar PhD Reproductive 1988 1991 Physiology Sabah B. M. Nazhat M.SC. 1991 1993 Theriogenology Jabbar W. A. Al-Ethawi M.SC. Animal 1993 1994 Breeding Basim A. T. Al-Samarai PhD Dairy Cattle 1994 1995 Management Mahmood S.K. Al-Karagoli M.SC. Surgery and 1995 1996 Obstetrics Faris F. I. Al-Shewkh M.SC. Reproductive 1996 Continuous Physiology

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Reality of the artificial insemination activity in Iraq

The livestock animals in Iraq earned some characteristics referred to their adoptability to the climatic conditions, their acceptability to the actual management conditions like bad housing and poor nutrition and veterinary care as well as to their resistance to endemic diseases. These animals also have low productive traits when compared with the other original breeds. Therefore, since 1941, the livestock specialists design the plans to acquire the superior characteristics of the original breeds through cross breeding with local breeds to produce elite crossbred individuals. This would consequently result in an appropriate productive efficiency and good quality products.

During 1941, Iraq imported from Palestine four Friesian cows and two Friesian bulls to begin the cross breeding program with the local cows, followed by importing many other numbers of Friesian cows from other countries such the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, England and France in accompanies with imported other breeds in limited numbers like Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Charolais, Brahman, Limousine and Simmental. However, the program continued to focus on cross breeding of Friesian breed with local breeds, Janoubi and Karadi in particular, with no indication of cross breeding with Sharabi and Ristaki. The Breeding Stations pertaining to the State Organization for Animal Resources Development took it upon themselves the implementation of cross breeding program according to scientific bases of many experiments and studies dealt with the qualitative and productive traits to determine the best crossing rate. Thus, the planning began to publicize the Artificial Insemination services that was able to put the power and pride of its bright fingerprints on the new generations of cows to alter her color, behavior, status and production in many herds, which covers green patches scattered over the land of Iraq.

Accordingly, the primary artificial insemination attempts were began in 1955in the Department of Animal Husbandry. Frozen semen ampoules from proven-high productivity bulls were imported from England and United States for insemination of cows bred in the Department of Animal Husbandry / Abu-Ghraib. These bulls were used to produce crossbred calves distributed among the districts and areas to be used later for mated the local cows naturally to obtain high-productivity crossbred animals. These attempts have proved a great success and it was enough to highlight the importance of artificial insemination and the need to convince the professionals take care of it and work on its development. In 1962, it was a big turning point in the history of artificial insemination in Iraq, as created the first major center for the artificial insemination in Abu Ghraib and took upon itself the responsibility of inseminated cows bred in the Department of Animal Husbandry/ Abu-Ghraib, in addition to the local cows in the area

4 surrounding the department. Besides, it has established a center for each province administered by professional veterinarians. Furthermore, sub-centers managed by artificial inseminators were also established in each area. This activity was developed in the early seventies. A technical staff was sent to France in 1975 for the training on the process of semen freezing by liquid nitrogen. After the return of the trainees and the arrival of the equipment, the center began to manufactures frozen semen straws and distributed among three provinces selected on the basis of livestock density and staff working in. These provinces are Baghdad, Babil and Sulaymaniya. After the success achieved in these provinces, this step was publicize among all Iraqi provinces in 1978, and developed a mechanism for the transfer of services efficiently to the depths of the countryside and the marshlands with the level of high-quality performance and accuracy.

This activity is exposed after the events of March 2003 to the mass destruction of all its facilities including production buildings and bull's pens, in addition to looting all the requirements of animals and devices, leading to stop functioning permanently. Due to its importance, serious thought to provide financial allocations for reconstruct this activity. Two-way project was initiated; first way was done in coordination with FAO, represented by the project 407, whereas the second one was performed through Ministry of Agriculture allocations. The Department was equipped with all appliances, equipment and supplies needed to for continuous working. Moreover, two liquid nitrogen production devices of capacity 20 L / hr. and thirty Holstein bulls of high genetic merit imported from Australia were also provided. During 2010, these bulls were infected with foot and mouth disease (FMD) despite proper care taken by veterinary staff. This FMD infection led to exclude these bulls and re-selection of new genetic-superior animals from inside Iraq until importing other animals from outside Iraq. At the end of 2013, a contract was signing to import 25 genetic-superior bulls from Netherlands.

The phases of activity can be summarized as follows:

1975-1980 prosperity phase

1981-1990 first deterioration phase

1991- 1993 second deterioration phase

1993- 2002 first re-activity phase

2003 – 2007 third deterioration phase

2007 – 2013 second re-activity phase

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The Activity Structure

The structure of this activity could be summed up is to take charge the Directorate of Animal Resources, represented by the Department of Artificial Insemination are two essential aspects:

1. The productive aspect Production and manufacture of frozen semen straws in the main center at Abu- Ghraib, which includes multiple laboratories and devices for the production of liquid nitrogen, the basic materials for semen cryopreservation as well as animal farm with the capacity of 68 animals customized to accommodate the improved bulls that have been selected in accordance with the specific criteria for artificial insemination bulls whether from inside or outside Iraq.

2. The service aspect Administratively and technically linked to the main center at Abu-Ghraib. They are eight divisions of artificial inseminations sub--centers in the vicinity of Baghdad city according to animal density. These divisions provide services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care. There are 188 sub-centers for artificial insemination scattered in all provinces of Iraq (excluding the Kurdistan region) belonging to the Veterinary Directorate. This directorate takes in charge handles the plans and follows up the implementation of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care processes. The role of the main center at Abu-Ghraib on equipping frozen semen straws and work accessories (catheters, gloves, insemination guns, gun portfolio, catheters portfolio and nitrogen containers for straws preservation). Moreover, the main center supplies the main Dairy Cattle Stations (Al-Nasr and Al-Ishaki) with frozen semen

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straws, after it were 13 Stations before the events of 2013. In addition, the center provides the private veterinary clinics with frozen semen straws (currently 60 after it were 210before the events of 2013).

3. Currently, the Department includes farm for production of artificial insemination calves using frozen embryo transfer technique in accordance with high specifications imported from New Zealand under the development project of cattle sector in Iraq in collaboration with FAO. These calves are pertaining to the main center only.

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4. Small productive center was established in Al-Kurna district of province to meet the requirements of the south provinces. Other small center was opened in Al-Rashidiah region / Nineveh province to meet the requirements of the north provinces. Nowadays, the small centers were used to market the frozen semen to the provinces mentioned after it is processed from the main center at Abu-Ghraib.

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Table (1). Artificial Insemination Centers operating in Baghdad and other provinces

Province No. of Locations Centers 1 Baghdad 8 Hbs Nayl, Mahmoudiya, Dora, Fudhaylia, Taji, Al-Rashidiya, Radhwaniya 2 Al- 10 , Abbasiya, Huriya, Al-Haydariya, Al-Ashraf Al-Najaf, Al-Manathera, Al-Mishkhab, Outpatient Department, Qadisiya, Dasm 3 Babil 14 Al-Hilla Center, Al-Mahaweel, Al- Hashimiya, Al-Musseib, Al-Madhatiya, Al-Qassim, Al-Kifl, Al-Nile, Abu-Gharak, Al-Immam, Al- Ibrahimiya, Al-Mashrouh, Al- Sadda, Alexandria 4 Muthanna 6 Samawa, Al-Warka'a, Al-Rumaitha, Al-Najmy, Al-Majd, Al-Hilal, Al- Khidr, Al-Daraji, Al-Swair 5 Anbar 19 Al-, Heit, Al-Saqlawiya, Falloujah, Khalidiya, Ghazwan, Al-Nassaf, Al-Ameriya, Al-Karma, Al-Dour, Kubaisa,Al-Baghdadi, Ana, Rawa, Al-Obaidi, Al-Rumanah, Al-Qaem , , Albu-Assaf 6 Diwaniya 16 Insemination Division, Al-Daghara, Al-Sedair, Ghammas, Al-Mehanawiya, Sumer, Al-Hamza, Al-Saniya, Al-Shamiya, Al-Shafieya, Al-Gharb, Al-Salahiya, Al-Shannafiya, Al-Bedair, Efak, Nafar, Outpatient Department 7 11 Insemination Division, Al-Zab, Al-Abbasi, Al-, Al-Riyadh, Yayji, Alton Kubry, Lylyan, Daqoq, Taza, Al-Rashad 8 Misan 15 Al-Thawrah Al-Awal, Al-Karama, Al-Majar Al-Kabeer, Al-Maymouna, Al-Kahla'a, Ali Al-Shaqi, Kalat Salih, Al-Musharah, Al-Adl, Al- Al-Gharbi, Kumait, Al-Aziz, Al-Salam, Al-Thawra Al-Thani, Seid Ahmed Al-Rifaey 9 Thi-Qar 12 Al-Nairiya, Souq Al-Shiukh, Al-Shatrah, Al-Dawaya, Al-Rifaey, Kalat Sikar, AlGhrraf, Al-Nasr, Seid Dakheel, Al-Batha'a, Al-Batma'a, Al-Fuhoud

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Province No. of Locations Centers 10 Diyala 15 Hospital Center, Khanakin, Al-Khalis, Al-Wijaihiya, Al-Abbarah, Al-Mansouriya, Al-Ghalibiya, Beni Saad, Buhriz, Abi-Seida, Kana'an, Baladrouz, Al-Muqdadiya, Al-Sadiya, Kazaniya 11 Nineveh 12 Bab Senjar, Al-Hamdaniya, Talafar, Tilkaif, Hammam Al-Allel, Al-Kuwair, Ba'ashiqa, Al-Namroud, Al-Qayara, Zumar, Rabia'a, Makhmour 12 Wasit 16 Hospital Center, Swairah, Al-Aziziya, Al-Numaniya, Al-Hay, Tajaddin, Al-Shehaimiya, Al-Dubouni, Al-Ahrar, Sheikh Saad, Wasit District, Al-Muwafaqia, Al-Bashaer, Badra and Jassan, Al-Zubaidiya 13 Basra 12 Basra Center, Al-Zubair, Shat Al-Arab, Al-Hartha, Al-Medaiyna, Al-Qurna, Abi Al-Khasseib, Safwan, Al-Dair 14 8 Insemination Division, Al-Jadwal Al-Gharbi, Al-Khayrat, Al-Hur, Al-Husainiya, Al-Ameriya, Al-Hindiya, 15 Salahaddin 12 Outpatient Department, , , Samarah, Al-Dijail, Al-Shirkat, Toz, Balad, Al-Muta'asim, Amerly, Al-Ishaki, Dijlah Total 196

Production Efficiency of the Artificial Insemination Department

Table (2) revealed the production and sales of the main artificial insemination Department at Abu-Ghraib of frozen semen straws during 1991-2013. Table (3) shows implementation rates of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care for all Iraqi provinces during 1962-2013.

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Table (2). Production and sales of the main center at Abu-Ghraib from frozen semen straws during (1991-2013).

Production of frozen Sales of frozen semen Year semen straws straws 1991 52725 27518 1992 78010 85658 1993 46178 23830 1994 132684 73058 1995 146510 77790 1996 106686 85705 1997 130663 121200 1998 146205 100730 1999 156520 184225 2000 161873 164347 2001 179179 194777 2002 213895 172550 2003 - - 2004 - - 2005 - - 2006 - - 2007 51132 4860 2008 115206 46975 2009 41690 49275 2010 59353 93399 2011 19013 88745 2012 134356 129225 2013 150648 131155

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Table (3). Implementation rates of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care for the entire provinces of Iraq during (1962-2013).

Year Artificial Pregnancy Reproductive Insemination Detection Care 1962 648 - - 1963 711 - - 1964 1014 - - 1965 1646 - - 1966 3112 - - 1967 3440 - - 1968 5515 - - 1969 13042 - - 1970 22909 - - 1971 32208 - - 1972 47739 - - 1973 67298 - - 1974 80623 - - 1975 88999 - - 1976 - - - 1977 - - - 1978 - - - 1979 - - - 1980 124957 32745 17141 1981 96209 33246 14993 1982 80731 27626 15716 1983 62126 191100 11494 1984 59703 11152 7485 1985 46534 9606 6963 1986 51724 9737 9150 1987 55780 10136 9520 1988 61495 19844 15508 1989 98780 26590 16357 1990 111203 25323 18775 1991 35406 14594 12250 1992 54430 21633 13577 1993 54430 21633 13577

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Year Artificial Pregnancy Reproductive Insemination Detection Care 1994 83234 38081 24517 1995 87290 35231 27865 1996 87290 35231 27865 1997 72564 18979 15772 1998 50365 20979 15772 1999 92112 20979 15722 2000 82173 21091 27994 2001 97388 14112 37374 2002 86275 32971 67996 2003 - - - 2004 - - - 2005 - - - 2006 - - - 2007 112 20 62 2008 14237 3311 3083 2009 50865 13185 8269 2010 62539 9903 19895 2011 92781 18447 34956 2012 104601 30205 30032 2013 102670 32331 26750

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The Artificial Insemination Department consists of the following divisions:

1. Semen collection division Includes staff with good experience and practice in this area. Its most important tasks are: - Prepare the bulls for semen collection through cleaned (especially the area of the sheath) to prevent contamination of semen sample. - Preparation of artificial vaginas following their cleaning and sterilization. - Collecting the semen sample and send to the laboratory.

2. Production and manufacture of frozen semen straws division Includes specialized staff with good experience and extensive practice and intern in the countries that have prior experience in this area. Its most important tasks are: - Preparation of semen extenders. - Semen samples examination. - Dilution and filing of frozen semen following conducting pre-cryopreservation mass activity and individual motility tests as well as post-cryopreservation individual motility. - Distribution of frozen semen straws to the beneficiaries.

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3. Animal management and nutrition division

Includes specialized staff with good experience in the field of animal management and nutrition. Its most important tasks are: - Preparation and availability of roughages and concentrates. - Supervising of animal feeding. - Supervise the cleanliness of the barns and animals and remove the waste out of the farm. - Conducting the field operations such de-horning and hooves cut.

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4. Animals health care division

Comprises veterinarian staff with good expertise in the field of animal health care. Its most important tasks are: - Supply of medicines and treatments for animals. - Daily monitoring of the animal farm for detection and treatment of cases. - Preparation of a preventive program to immunize the animals from viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, in coordination with the Directorate of Veterinary. - Collection of blood, stool and urine samples of animals on a regular basis and sent to the central diagnostics laboratory to make sure the health status of the animals.

5. Embryo transfer division

Comprises veterinarian staff have been taking part in training courses inside and outside of Iraq. Its most important tasks are: - Preparation of cows for embryo transplantation. - Transplantation of embryos imported from outside of Iraq for the purpose of obtaining born with high efficient productivity contributing to increase milk and meat production.

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6. Liquid nitrogen production division Include technical staff that has been participation in training courses inside and outside of Iraq. Its functions: - Production of liquid nitrogen and outfitted to the beneficiaries. - Maintaining and sustaining of nitrogen production devices.

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7. Administrative division

Consists of administrative staff with experience and practice in the administrative work. Its most important tasks: - Receiving and sending the daily mail. - Following up the staff attendance. - Edit the official letters. - Daily monitoring of all Department facilities.

8. Artificial insemination division in Abu-Ghraib

Includes staff comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Abu-Ghraib region whether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

9. Artificial insemination division in Al-Yusufiya Includes staff comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Al-Yusufiya district whether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

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10. Artificial insemination division in Al-Mahmoudiya Includes staff comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Al-Mahmoudiya district whether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

11. Artificial insemination division in Dora Includes staff comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Dora region whether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

12. Artificial insemination division in Radhwaniya Comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators staff with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Radhwaniya district whether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

13. Artificial insemination division in Taji Involves veterinarians and artificial inseminators staff with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Taji district whether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

14. Artificial insemination division in Fudhaylia Comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators staff with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Fudhaylia regionwhether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

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15. Artificial insemination division in Rashidiya Includes staff comprises of veterinarians and artificial inseminators with good experience and practice in this area. Its important tasks concentrated on providing services of artificial insemination, pregnancy detection and reproductive care to cattle producers in Rashidiya district whether inside or outside of the division during the itineraries.

16. Genetic resources division One of the divisions joined recently the Department of Artificial Insemination under the law of Ministry of Agriculture number (10) for the year 2013. Includes sophisticated technical staff intern inside and outside of Iraq. Its important tasks: - Characterization of Iraqi animals phenotypically and genetically. - Genetic resources conservation of Iraqi animals in heredity bank. - Conducting the studies and researches that contribute to the genetic improvement of Iraqi animals. - Preventing the extinction of species and different breeds of Iraqi animals.

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- Contribute to the development of legislation to keep the animal resources. - Using of division laboratories as reference for researchers and interested members from all other official bodies to carry out the researches in the field of genetic engineering.

Embryo Transfer Project in Iraq

Introduction

Embryo transfer technique regards as one of the biotechnology applications that took place after considerable revolution in the field of biological science and the widespread use of cell and tissue culture, which has evolved significantly after cloning of Dolly in 1997 by Ian Gordon. Before that, scientists were able to implant the fertilized ova in the laboratory using In vitro fertilization (IVF) technique and transferred them to the uterus for the treatment of many cases, such us infertility caused by blockage of mammalian and women oviducts, which is known today as in vitro babies. On the other hand, increasing pattern of embryo transfer technique was noticed during the fourth quarter of the last century by the cattle producers in order to increase the number of individuals with distinct genetic traits. This process is carried out using hormonal stimulation of the donor cows and obtains the largest number of ova, a process called superovulation, and then mated or inseminated by proven-sired bulls. The collected embryos are then transferred directly or after freezing to recipient cows to grow in their uteri. In spite of the many advantages, this technique is still of high costs, led to non-widespread on a commercial scale as is the case for the artificial insemination. During a recent, embryo splitting was introduced as one of the principal step of embryo transfer for the production of identical born and sexed embryos.

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Embryo Transfer Applications

1. Increase the number of births from genetically- superior females. 2. Easy to export and import of frozen genetically- superior embryos. 3. Avoid dangerous animal transport among countries and states. 4. The freezing of embryos provides the better use of genetically-superior dams until the availability of recipient dams. 5. The superovulation of donor cows using hormonal stimulation, it became possible to get many of the embryos in one operation. This technique adopts on a large scale the qualitative genetics. 6. Control the spread of venereal diseases and simultaneously, protect the born from dams to get them disease- free. 7. Rapid development of genetic value for the new cattle generations,which increases their production in a short period. 8. This technique is used as a part of biotechnology and embryo splitting to symmetrical embryos. 9. Benefit from the process of embryo sexing. 10. It is possible to use this technique to preserve the good local breedsas well as some endangered animals.

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Embryo transfer Limitations

1. High cost of importing frozen embryos with supplies (cost per embryo up to 600- 700 US dollars). 2. According to the scientific literature, the success rate of pregnancy ranged from 50-70 % in beef cattle and 15-40 % in dairy cattle. 3. The success rate depends on the provision of cows with a good management and balanced nutrition.

Embryo transfer in Iraq

The history of embryo transfer in Iraq can be categorized into two stages:

First Stage

Establishment of embryo transfer center for the first time in Iraq on 1st January, 1988 at in Animal Husbandry Station in Abu Ghraib. A good cadre holding scientific degrees (Bachelor, Master and Doctorate) was prepared as follows: 1. Doctorate in Reproductive Physiology (Agricultural Engineer). 2. Master in Reproductive Physiology (Veterinarian). Send them to United States for 3 months period for training on embryo transfer technique. 3. Master in Embryo Transfer / Canada (University Instructor, Veterinarian). 4. Doctorate in Embryo Transfer / France (Veterinarian, joined later). 5. Bachelor in Veterinary Medicine (5 Veterinarians).

The frozen embryos were imported from United States. The working was began in Cattle Breeding Stations, but no results were achieved, except one pregnant cow conducted through one of the master student in the College of Veterinary Medicine / University of Baghdad. The Center was shut down in 1992 due to Iraqi bad conditions during Gulf War II. During Nineties of the last century, some of Iraqi cadres from College of Veterinary Medicine only have got scientific degrees in the field of embryo transfer.

Second Stage

This stage has been performed in collaboration with FAO (Project 801) for the redevelopment of the cattle sector through a transfer of embryos in Iraq as a research project, and then established for a new work by creating a cadre of workers in this area. The team was formed consisting of five veterinarians holding Bachelor's degree

23 with a good experience in the field of artificial insemination. They joined in several training courses, as follows:

1. Short training course in embryo transfer at the Center of Biotechnology / Al- Nahrain University, Baghdad for 14 days on 2010. 2. Short embryo transfer training course (9 days) in Australia on December, 2010. 3. Short embryo transfer training course (8 days) in Australia on 2012. 4. Short embryo transfer training course (5 days) in Jordan on January, 2013

The Embryo Transfer Center building was established in Artificial Insemination Department itself by Directorate of Animal Resources. The Center was equipped with the tools and supplies necessary for working. The Holstein frozen embryos (n = 600) were imported from New Zealand in collaboration with FAO.

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Objectives of the Project The project aims to adapt the embryo transfer technology in Iraq and publicize this new technique among the cattle producers. The staff has gave introductory lectures in this area on the milk producers associations in Wasit and Salah Al-Din provinces, as well as through field practices with cattle producers, dairy cattle stations and research centers. The actual work initiated by a cadre on April, 2011 through three axes: 1. Cattle producers / Al-Wihda and Al-Mashahda Projects. 2. Dairy Cattle Stations / Al-Nasr in Al-Swaira city and Al-Ishaki in Salah Al-Din province. 3. Animal Farms in Colleges of Agriculture (Baghdad and Al-Anbar). The team was selected the cows in these locations according to the body condition score (BCS), reproductive tract examinations, hormonal treatments and according to the minimum that was available only at the time. The embryos were transplanted in these three previous locations, and encouraging pregnancies and born were got in this aspect. A heifer was born as a result of embryo transfer technique in Al-Nasr Dairy Cattle Station for the first time in Iraq on 22th January, 2012. Other heifer was born simultaneously in Animal Farm at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, and one calf born in one of the cattle producers at Al-Mashahda region, Baghdad.Some pregnancies were also undertaken at Animal Farm, University of Al-Anbar, Dairy Cattle stations as well as in Jordan. All these embryos were transplanted by Iraqi team.

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Cows of Artificial Insemination Department Twenty five local and crossbred cows were purchased by Department of Artificial Insemination for the purpose of embryo transfer and built a future bull herd for Artificial Insemination Department. The transplanting operations in this farm are continuous. Seven pregnancies were obtained until now. Moreover, Controlled internal drug release (CIDR) technique was used recently for cow's estrus synchronization.

Evaluating the results of the previous stage

Given the existence of special specifications in cows selected for the purpose of embryo transfer in terms of body condition score, management and good nutrition, the results were affected, especially in private Dairy Cattle Stations and producers due to malnutrition and poor husbandry. Concerning the Animal Farms in Agricultural Colleges at Baghdad and Al-Anbar Universities as well as Artificial Insemination

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Department Farm, the results were very good and encouraging due to good management and nutrition. The project is currently dependent on imported embryos as a first stage. In near future, plans were put to get the embryos from Iraq when the equipment and supplies are available.

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Theses that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture (1977 – 2014)

No. Title of thesis Year Degree University College Student name

1 Studies on some characteristics of crossbreed 1977 Master Baghdad Agriculture Azhr H. AL-Haboby Friesian bulls and effect of some diluting parts on spermatozoon motility during storage

2 Effect of various thawing times and 1985 Master Baghdad Agriculture Ahmad A. Al-Cassy temperatures on semen characteristics of frozen Friesian bull semen

3 Studies of the sperm antibodies in sera of 1978 Master Baghdad Agriculture Taraq M. Hasson repeat breeder cows

4 Studies on deep-freezing of Iraqi buffalo bulls 1978 Master Baghdad Veterinary Aziz H. Y. Al-Lamy semen Medicine

5 Studies on sexual behavior and some 1983 Master Baghdad Agriculture Nabeel A. Al-Shakrjee characteristics of Friesian bulls born in Iraq

6 Studies on some of the factors affecting 1985 Master Baghdad Agriculture Ahmad A. Al-Ani sexual behavior and semen picture in Ganubi bulls

7 The effect of some chemophsical properties of 1987 Master Baghdad Agriculture KaremI.Al-Badry extenders and bull semen on post freezing characteristics

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No. Title of thesis Year Degree University College Student name

8 Bacterial contamination in semen of bulls in 1989 Master Baghdad Veterinary Sadig J. Zalzala artificial insemination center Medicine

9 Frozen embryo transfer in cattle 1989 Master Baghdad Veterinary Sabah B.M. Nazhat Medicine

10 Study the effect of seasonal variation and 1989 Master Baghdad Agriculture Nameer M. H. Al- storage period on the fertility and some characteristics of frozen semen for bull Friesian bulls

11 Comparative study on using semen treated 1990 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Haleem H. Issa with PGF2α in Awassi sheep

12 Study the effect of season, semen collection 1994 Master Mosel Agriculture Khalid M. Al-Maktery methods and testicular activity in Awassi rams

13 Frozen local black goat semen, storage and 1997 Doctorate Basra Agriculture AbD-AL-RazakNeem used for artificial insemination of goat female

14 Effect of magnesium and iodide 1998 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Asaad I. Ahmad supplementation on semen quality and blood in Holstein-Friesian bulls and on growth of testes of calves in hot climate

15 Antisperm antibodies and fertility of dairy 1998 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Falah .H. A. Al-Dafae cows

29

No. Title of thesis Year Degree University College Student name

16 Study the effect of some frozen semen 1999 Doctorate Agriculture Khalid M. Al-Maktery extenders on sperm viability, ultrastructure and its relationship with conception rate of cows

17 Effect of licorice extraction on reproductive 2000 Master Baghdad Agriculture Ahmed A. Mahdi performance of Awassi rams

18 Comparative study of semen characteristics of 2002 Master Baghdad Veterinary Abbas F. Daham local black buck injected with prostaglandin Medicine after dilution and freezing

19 The effect of different artificial insemination 2002 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Abdlkareem A. Hobi techniques on fertility of goat

20 Study of the effect of deep freezing semen 2003 Master Baghdad Veterinary Hassen F. Hassen with comparison between artificial Medicine insemination and natural mating and hormonal treatment on the conception rate of black Iraqi goat.

21 Semen dilution and evaluation for artificial 2010 Master Baghdad Agriculture Salah M. Abid insemination by different method in Awassi sheep

22 The bacterial contamination of bulls frozen 2012 Master Baghdad Veterinary Haifaa B. Naje semen for local and imported straws Medicine

31

No. Title of thesis Year Degree University College Student name

23 Effect of freezing Turkish Awassi rams semen 2012 Master Baghdad Agriculture Mohammed A. R. Al- in sperm acrosome by used different dyes Sarray

24 Awassi rams semen cryopreservation for in 2012 Doctorate. Baghdad Agriculture Hazim K.J. Al-Saab vitro fertilization

25 Adding some amino acids and it's 2013 Master Baghdad Agriculture Omar A. M. Al-Nasiry combination to Tris extender and its influence in improving some of post-freezing semen characteristics in Holstein bulls in Iraq

26 Study of some factors affecting the use 2013 Master Basra Agriculture Hassan N. Habib of frozen thawed bull semen in in vitro fertilization of bovine ova

27 In vitro production of sheep embryos using 2013 Doctorate Baghdad Agriculture Ali A. Z. Al-Saadoon vitrfication technique Adding some enzymatic and non-enzymatic 28 antioxidants to Holstein bulls semen 2014 Master Baghdad Agriculture Omer H. A. Al-Zaidy extenders and its influence in improving post- freezing semen characteristics Effect of adding Co-enzyme Q10, Lipoic acid 29 and manganese to Holstein bulls semen 2014 Master Baghdad Agriculture Omer A. A. Sultan extenders on improving post-freezing semen characteristics Ameliorative effect of C nucleotide- activated 30 drugs on low quality sperms in bulls. 2014 Master Baghdad Veterinary Mohammad J. Saad Medicine

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Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture (1997 – 2014) No. Title of Article Date of Name of Authors Title of Publishing Journal

1 Semen quality and 1997 Al-Haboby, A. H. Mesopotamia freezability of Holstein Abdulkareem,T.A. J.Agric.,29(4 bulls as influenced by Ibrahim, F. F. ):4-15 short-term administration of prostaglandin F2α analogue 2 Modulation of semen 1997 Al-Haboby, A. H. IPA J. of quality by prostaglandin F2α Issa, H. H Agric. injection in the Awassi Ibrahim, F. F. Res.,7(2):1- rams Al-Hakim, M. K. 12 3 Control of mycoplasma in 1998 Mohammad, N. Iraqi J. bovine semen by A.K. Microbiol., ciprofloxacin and Al-Hissen, S.F. 10(2):28-35 enrofloxacin Al-Badry, K. I. Ibrahim, F. F. 4 Influence of tylosin, 2001 Al-Badry, K. I. Iraqi J. gentamicin and lincomycin Al-Jobori,A.H. Microbiol. combination on semen Ibrahim, F. F. ,13(3):18-28 characteristics bacterial and mycoplasma contaminants of Friesian bull semen 5 Influence of various 2002 Al-Daraji, H. J. The Iraqi J. cryophylactic agent on Hassan, K.H. Agric. Sci., semen quality of Iraqi Ibrahim, F. F 33(1): roosters semen 213-221

6 Comparison of the effect of 2002 Al-Daraji, H. J. The Iraqi J. various cryoprotective Hassan, K.H. Agric. Sci., agents on biochemical traits Ibrahim, F. F 33(2) 215- of Iraqi roosters semen Al-Timimi, B. A. 221

32

Title of Article Date of Name of Authors Title of Publishing Journal

7 Effect of penicillin- 2002 Mohammed, N. A. Iraqi J. Vet. ciprofloxacin combination Al-Al-Badry, K. I. Med., on semen characteristic and Al-Hissin, S. F. 26(1):182- bacterial contaminations of Al-Kafagi, B. A. 188 diluted bull semen Ibrahim, F. F. 8 Effect of some diluents on 2003 Al-Biaty, N. M. Iraqi J. sperm motility of three Ibrahim, F. F. Agric., species of fish carp Al-Obaidy, H. J. 8(1):40 -46 Al-Jashaamy, K. J. 9 Comparison study the 2003 Daham, A. F. The Iraqi effect of different diluents Alwan, A.F. J.V. Med., 18 and deep freezing on semen Al-Badry, K. I. (2): 145-155 characteristics of local Ibrahim, F. F. black buck 10 Changes in certain seminal 2004 Ishak, M.A. Iraqi J. attributes and sexual Magid, S. A. Agric., activity of Holstein- Eidan, S. M. 9(3):187 -194 Friesian bulls in response to Ibrahim, F. F. vitamin C supplementation 11 Effect of type of diluents on 2004 Al-Daraji, H. J. The Iraqi certain traits of frozen Ibrahim,F.F Journal of rooster semen Al-Timimi, B. A. Agriculture Science, 33(1) 213- 221 12 Study of the effect of deep 2009 Kashifalkitaa, H.F. Proc. 9th Vet. freezing on semen Alwan, A.F. Sci. Conf., 2: characteristics with Saigh, M.N. 87-90 comparison between Al-Timimi, B.A. artificial insemination, natural mating and hormonal treatment on the conception rate of black Iraqi goat

33

Title of Article Date of Name of Authors Title of Publishing Journal

13 Influence of month on some 2012 Al-Ani, A.A. Al-Anbar J. sexual behavior and semen Abdulkareem, T.A. Vet. Med., 5: characteristics in Holstein- Khalaf, S.S. 265-274. Friesian bulls Ibrahim, F.F. Al-Timimi, B. A. Mustafa, A.K.

14 Acrosome abnormalities of 2012 Al-Saray, M.A. 2ndSci. Conf., Awassi rams semen stored Shubber, A.M. Center of under different Al-Ani, A.A. Revival of temperatures Ibrahim, F.F. Arabian Al-Timimi, B.A. Science Heritage 15 Effect of Glycyrrhiza 2012 Al-Badry, K.I. Iraqi J. Vet. glabra in the ration on Al-Ani, A. A. Med.(Special sexual desire semen Ibrahim, F.F. Issue), 36:98- parameters of bulls born in 104 Iraq during winter 16 The effect of Foot and 2012 Al-Badry, K.I. Iraqi J. Vet. mouth disease on Ibrahim, F.F. Med., 36:1-7 reproductive performance Al-Timimi, B.A. of Holstein bulls in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq 17 Effect of adding L-arginine 2012 Al-Ebady, A.S. Al-Qadisiya on some parameters of bull Hussain, S.O. J. Vet. Med., sperms after freezing in Al-Badry, K.I. 11(2): liquid nitrogen (-196˚C) Ibrahim, F.F. 156-166

18 The effect of adding L- 2012 Al-Ebady, A.S. 5th Sci. Vet. arginine on poor motile bull Hussain, S.O. Conf. of sperms kept at 5˚C Al-Badry, K.I. Qadisiya Ibrahim, F.F. University

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Title of Article Date of Name of Authors Title of Publishing Journal

19 The effect of treatment with 2013 Al-Ani, A.A. Submitted to vitamin C on some sexual Ishak, M.A. the Jordanian behavior and semen Al-Timimi, B.A. J. Agric. Sci characteristics during hot Yahiya, K.J. months for Holstein- Friesian bulls in Iraq 20 Effect of post foot and 2013 Eidan, S.M. Submitted to mouth disease infection on Abdulkareem, T.A. Al-Anbar J. some semen attributes and Ibrahim, F.F. Vet. Med. blood biochemical Heraish, K.F. parameters of Friesian - Holstein bulls 21 Effect of adding glutamine 2013 Mohammed, O.A. 1st Sci. Conf. and methionine as Shubber, A.M. for Anim. antioxidants to semen Abdulkareem, T.A. Prod. Sci. extender on post- Ibrahim, F.F. Technol., 10- cryopreservation semen 11 Nov. quality of Holstein bulls University of Baghdad, Iraq. 22 Influence of adding 2014 Abdulkareem, T.A. Submitted to different amino acids Mohammed, O.A. Anim. mixture to semen extender Ibrahim, F.F. Reprod. Sci. on post-cryopreservation Al-Timimi, B.A. semen quality of Holstein bulls 23 Effect of adding different 2014 Abdulkareem, T.A. In types of egg yolk to Tris Al-Daraji, H.J. preparation extender on post- Ibrahim, F.F. cryopreservation semen Al-Hassani, A.S. quality of Holstein bulls Al-Timimi, B.A. 24 Adding effect of Vitamins C 2014 Eidan, S.M. In and E to semen extender on Abbas, O.H. preparation post-cryopreservation semen Ibrahim, F.F. quality of Holstein Al-Timimi, B.A.

35

Title of Article Date of Name of Authors Title of Publishing Journal

25 Adding enzymatic and non- 2014 Eidan, S.M. In enzymatic antioxidants to Abdulkareem, T.A. preparation semen extender and its Abbas, O.H. effect on post- Ibrahim, F.F. cryopreservation semen Al-Timimi, B.A. quality of Holstein bulls 26 Adding of some herbal 2014 Al-Khazraji, A.A. In plants extracts to the Ibrahim, F.F. preparation ruminant semen extenders Al-Timimi, B.A. for preservation during Karim, A.F. cooling and freezing Yahiya, K.J.

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Researches that have been implemented in the Artificial Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture for the agricultural and veterinary Bachelor degree students

No. Title of research Year University College Student Supervisor name(s)

1 Effect of different thawing rates and 2012 Baghdad Agriculture Sarmad A. Dr. Talal A. temperatures on Holstein bulls semen Mohammed Abdulkareem quality following addition of inositol

2 Effect of temperatures and thawing 2012 Baghdad Veterinary Vikin S. Albeir Dr. Karim I. Al-Badry rates on bull's frozen semen quality Medicine

3 Study the influence of different 2012 Baghdad Agriculture Abdullah R. Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan temperatures and thawing rates on Saeed Holstein bulls semen quality following addition of vitamin C

4 Study the effect of different 2012 Baghdad Agriculture Salam J. Karim Dr. Talal A. temperatures and thawing rates on Abdulkareem Holstein bulls semen quality following addition of carnitine

5 Effect of different temperatures and 2012 Baghdad Agriculture Abdullah S. Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan thawing rates on Holstein bulls semen Hassan quality following addition of vitamin E

37

No. Title of research Year University College Student Supervisor name(s)

6 Study the effect of 4˚C preservation 2013 Baghdad Veterinary Husham S. Dr. Karim I. Al-Badry on Iraqi bulls semen quality Medicine Naji

Yazan H. Sail

7 Study the effect of different 2013 Baghdad Agriculture Mustafa M. Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan temperatures and thawing rates on Nasr Holstein bulls semen quality following addition of carnitine and inositol

8 Influence of prostaglandin F2α 2013 Baghdad Veterinary Mohammed D. Dr. Karim I. Al-Badry addition on bull sperm viability at Medicine Abdul-Karim preservation of 37˚C Ahmed S. Hassan

9 Study the effect of different 2013 Baghdad Agriculture Mohammed R. Dr. Talal A. temperatures and thawing rates on Abdul-Karim Abdulkareem Holstein bulls semen quality following addition of carnitine and methionine

10 Re-dilution and activation of poor 2013 Baghdad Veterinary Samer A. Dr. Karim I. Al-Badry thawed semen for Friesian bulls in Medicine Youssef Iraq Zaid R. Abdul- Jaleel

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No. Title of research Year University College Student Supervisor name(s)

11 Effect of different temperatures and 2013 Baghdad Agriculture Marwan T. Dr. Talal A. thawing rates on Holstein bulls semen Yassen Abdulkareem quality following addition of carnitine and glutamine

12 Influence of prostaglandin F2α 2013 Baghdad Veterinary Mohammed Dr. Karim I. Al-Badry injection on bulls sperm viability at Medicine Abdul Hamza preservation of 4˚C. Mudhar Najm

13 Effect of different temperatures and 2013 Baghdad Agriculture Mustafa A. Dr. Sajeda M. Eidan thawing rates on Holstein bulls semen Hassan quality following addition of glutamine and glutamine

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Training courses and Meetings for Artificial Insemination Department personnel outside of Iraq (1975-2012)

No. Name of Training Course Country No. of Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

1 Semen Freezing France 3 7 1975

2 Semen Freezing France 1 7 1983

3 Embryo Transfer in Cattle United 3 3 1988 States

4 Artificial Insemination in Sheep Cyprus 1 10 1991

5 Attending FAO Meeting for 407 Project Jordan 1 2 2004

6 Demonstration and Training with the Minister of Denmark 1 7 2004 Agriculture

7 Instruments and Equipment of Artificial France 1 7 2005 Insemination

8 Attending of Amman International Fair for Iraq Jordan 1 4 2005 Reconstruction

9 Instruments and Equipment of Artificial France 4 21 2005 Insemination

41

No. Name of Training Course Country No. of Training Year Trainees Duration (Day)

10 Selection of Artificial Insemination Bulls Australia 2 14 2006

11 Instruments of Semen Freezing Denmark 2 3 2006

12 Artificial Insemination in Sheep and Goat Syria 3 5 2008

13 Workshop For Food Safety Jordan 1 5 2008

14 Embryo Transfer in Sheep Australia 2 46 2008

15 Attending of 1st Meeting For Committee of Jordan 2 2 2009 Cattle Development Project in Iraq

16 Attending of 2nd Meeting For Committee of Jordan 2 2 2009 Cattle Development Project in Iraq

17 Artificial Insemination and Its Role in Animal Tunis 4 14 2009 Breeding

18 Milk Production and Synthesis within Cattle Morocco 4 14 2009 Development Project in Iraq

19 Visit to The National Society For Cattle Morocco 1 7 2010 Producers within Cattle Development Project in Iraq

41

No. Name of Training Course Country No. of Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

20 Attending of 3rdMeeting For Committee of Jordan 2 2 2010 Cattle Development Project in Iraq

21 Modern Management Workshop For Animal Lebanon 2 7 2010 Production Sector in Milk Production

22 Animal Marking and Registration System Jordan 2 4 2010

23 Ruminant Nutrition, Herd Management and Milk Syria 1 40 2010 Synthesis

24 Attending of 4thMeeting For Committee of Cattle Jordan 2 2 2010 Development Project in Iraq

25 Embryo Transfer in Cattle Australia 5 12 2010

26 Artificial Insemination in Small Ruminants Syria 2 10 2010

27 Artificial Insemination United 2 10 2010 States

42

No. Name of Training Course Country No. of Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

28 Meeting of the Director Board Members For Syria 1 2 2010 Arab-Iraqi Company of Animal Resources Development

29 Cattle Nutrition Jordan 1 4 2010

30 Attending FAO Meeting and Discussed Italy 1 9 2011 Agricultural and Food Issues in Iraq

31 Implementation of the 2nd Stage For Cattle Morocco 1 13 2011 Development Project in Iraq

32 Attending the Meeting of the Guide Committee Jordan 2 2 2011 For Cattle Development Project in Iraq

33 Advance Course of Embryo Transfer in Cattle Australia 4 8 2011

34 Use of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Jordan 9 4 2012 Pregnancy and Reproductive Diseases

35 Artificial Insemination in Ruminants Jordan 5 12 2012

36 Artificial Insemination in Small Ruminants Tunis 1 5 2012 within RAS 5063 Project

43

No. Name of Training Course Country No. of Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

37 Training on Nitrogen Production Equipment Netherland 2 10 2012

38 Recent Methods for Diagnosis, Analysis and Jordan 1 12 2012 Control of Epidemic Diseases

39 Embryo Transfer in Cattle Jordan 5 5 2012

40 Agriculture Biotechnology Japan 1 107 2012

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Training courses for Artificial Insemination Department personnel Inside of Iraq (2004-2013)

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

1 Veterinary Vaccines 1 State Board For Agricultural 5 2004 Extension and Cooperation / Baghdad

2 Recent advances in Embryo Transfer 1 State Company for Veterinary / 5 2005 Baghdad

3 Computer Operation 1 Computer Center, University of 5 2005 Baghdad

4 IZO Test 1 Rehabilitation and Development 3 2008 Center / Baghdad

5 Leadership and Communication 2 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2008 Center / Baghdad

6 Quarantines 4 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2008 Center / Baghdad

7 Preparation For TOEFUL Test 3 University of Technology / 30 2008 Baghdad

45

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

8 Workshop on Daily Cooperation 1 National Center for Investments 5 2009 and Administrative Development

9 WSOP For Embryo Transfer and 1 Ministry of Agriculture 1 2009 Artificial Insemination in Sheep and Goat

10 Ways of Improving Sheep and 1 College of Veterinary Medicine 5 2009 Intensive Production / Continuing Education Unit

11 Recent Advances in Animal 2 College of Veterinary Medicine 5 2009 Nutrition / Continuing Education Unit

12 Using of GPS Program 1 Training Center in Mansour/ 1 2009 Baghdad

13 Animal Marking 2 Training Center in Mansour/ 1 2009 Baghdad

46

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

14 Strategic Planning 1 Rehabilitation and Development 1 2009 Center / Baghdad

15 Scientific Symposium on Artificial 2 Veterinary Hospital in Kirkuk 3 2009 Insemination

16 Strategic Planning 1 Rehabilitation and Development 3 2009 Center / Baghdad

17 Computer System 1 Computer Center, University of 15 2009 Baghdad

18 Leadership and Administration 1 Institute of Administrative 5 2009 Development Development / Baghdad

19 Management and Feedlot of Beef 1 Training Center in Mansour/ 3 2009 Calves Baghdad

47

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

20 Leadership and Administration 5 Institute of Administrative 5 2009 Development Development / Baghdad

21 Advantages and Disadvantages of 1 The Islamic University / 1 2009 Internet Baghdad

22 Training Program on TOEFUL Test 1 University of Technology / 30 2009 Baghdad

23 International Cooperation Workshop 1 Training Center in Mansour/ 2 2009 Baghdad

24 Economic Feasibility Studies 2 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2010 Center / Baghdad

25 Evaluation of Administrative and 1 Technical and Administrative 5 2010 Legal Performance College / Baghdad

48

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

26 Artificial Insemination and Using of 13 Agricultural Extension Center / 5 2010 Ultrasonography in Pregnancy Baghdad Detection

27 Embryo Transfer in Cattle 10 Al-Nahrain University / 10 2010 Baghdad

28 Organizing the Cost's Accounts 1 State Company For Animal 5 2010 Resources / Baghdad

29 Stores Management 1 State Company For Animal 5 2010 Resources / Baghdad

30 Geographic Information 2 State Company For Animal 5 2010 Resources / Baghdad

31 Economic Feasibility Studies 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2010 Center / Baghdad

32 Principles of Windows Operation 1 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2010 Agriculture

49

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

33 Recent Advances in Fertility 3 Institute of Embryo Research 5 2010 Treatment and Infertility Treatment / Al- Nahrain University

34 Artificial Insemination 5 Extension Training Center / 5 2010 Babil

35 Agricultural Technology Transfer 2 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2010 Center / Baghdad

36 Strategic Planning in Agricultural 2 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2010 Sector Center / Baghdad

37 Artificial Insemination in Animals 2 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2010 Center / Baghdad

38 Principles of Windows Operation 5 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2011 Agriculture

39 Advanced Excel system 5 Central Organization for 5 2011 Standardization and Quality Control / Baghdad

51

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

40 Advance Internet Course 3 Central Organization for 5 2011 Standardization and Quality Control / Baghdad

41 Advanced Excel system 3 Central Organization for 5 2011 Standardization and Quality Control / Baghdad

42 Learning English Language 4 Al-Nahrain University / 5 2011 Ministry of Higher Education

43 Basic Principles of Internet 3 Al-Nahrain University / 5 2011 Ministry of Higher Education

44 Capacity building and awareness in 1 State Authority For Computers 4 2011 e-governance and Information

45 Basic Principles of Internet 1 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2011 Agriculture

46 Design of Websites and Photoshop 1 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2011 Program Agriculture

47 Computer Training 2 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2011 Agriculture

51

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

48 Role of Artificial Insemination in 6 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2011 Genetic Analysis Center / Baghdad

49 Projects Evaluation 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2011 Center / Baghdad

50 Rations Manufacturing 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2011 Center / Baghdad

51 Artificial Insemination in ruminants 3 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2011 Center / Baghdad

52 Network Principles and 5 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2011 Rehabilitation Agriculture

53 Economic Feasibility Studies for 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2011 Agricultural Projects Center / Baghdad

54 Using of Ultrasonography For 5 Artificial Insemination 5 2011 Pregnancy and Embryos Detection Department / Baghdad

55 Artificial Insemination 26 Veterinary Syndicate in 5 2012 Cooperation with USDA

52

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

56 Discussion Symposium (Together for 3 / Kurdistan Region 3 2012 Development of Animal Resources in Iraq)

57 Specialized Training in Animal 5 INMA / Baghdad 3 2012 Nutrition

58 Animal Selection 6 INMA / Baghdad 3 2012

59 Management and Marketing 6 INMA / Baghdad 3 2012

60 Animal Health Management 6 INMA / Baghdad 2 2012

61 Standard Operation Procedures 1 Training Center in Mansour/ 2 2013 Baghdad

62 Embryo Transfer in Cattle 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2013 Center / Baghdad

63 Civil Service Law and the Discipline 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2013 of State Employees Center / Baghdad

64 Economic Feasibility Studies 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2013 Center / Baghdad

53

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

65 Genetic Engineering and 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2013 Biotechnology Center / Baghdad

66 Embryo Transfer in Cattle 1 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2013 Center / Baghdad

67 Artificial Insemination in ruminants 2 Rehabilitation and Development 5 2013 Center / Baghdad

68 Arabic Language Safety 1 Directorate of Animal 2 2013 Resources

69 Capacity building and awareness in 1 Ministry of Science and 4 2013 e-governance Technology / Continuing Education

70 Photoshop and Excel Programs 2 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2013 Agriculture

71 Windows and Office Applications 9 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2013 Agriculture

54

No. Name of Training Course No. of Organizer Training Year Trainees Duration

(Day)

72 Laptop Repair and Photoshop 2 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2013 Agriculture

73 Design of Internet Websites 1 Computer Center / Ministry of 5 2013 Agriculture

55

Recent advances conducted at Artificial Insemination Department, Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture during (2012-2014)

1. Application of embryo transfer program in Iraq using frozen straws containing Friesian cow embryos imported from Australia.

2. Using of L- arginine in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

3. Adding of carnitine, glutamine and their combinations as antioxidants to Tris extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

4. Adding of inositol, methionine and their combinations as antioxidants to Tris extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

5. Adding of amino acids mixture to Tris extenderin improving post- cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

6. Using some non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin E and C and their combinations with Tris extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

7. Using of omega 3 with Tris extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

8. Adding of catalase and glutathione to Tris extenderin improving post- cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

9. Adding of enzymatic, non-enzymatic and omega 3 to Tris extender in improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

10. Using of co-enzyme Q-10 with Tris extenderin improving post- cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

56

11. Using of Lipoic acid with Tris extenderin improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

12. Adding of Lipoic acid to Tris extenderin improving post-cryopreservation semen quality of Holstein bulls.

57