Welcome toto to 22ndnd GRADE!GRADE! The Commonwealth of Massachusetts sets expectations, or standards, for what every studentFIRST will know and be ableGRADE! to do in school. This guide is designed to help you understand those standards and partner with teachers to support your child’s learning duringThe Commonwealth fourthsecond grade. grade. If If ofyou you Massachusetts have have questions questions sets about about expectations, this this information information or standards, or or your your child child for needs needswhat extraevery help, student please will talk know to your and child’s be able teacher. to do in school. This guide is designed to help you understand those standards and partner with teachers to support your child’s learning during . If you have questions about this information or your child needs extra help, please talk to your child’s teacher.

To talk to your child about school, you can ask: Can you tell me about something you read today? How could you use the math you learned today? What scientific ideas did you talk about today? What did you learn about your role in society today? How did someone help you learn today? If your child is also learning English, you can ask: How does your teacher help you understand and participate in class? How do you work on your English while you learn academic material?

TO LEARN ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS AND TO LEARN AND TECHNOLOGY/ LITERACY at every grade, your child will: ENGINEERING at every grade, your child will: Read various texts, like books, poems, Ask scientific questions about the natural letters, news articles, and Internet pages. world and things humans design. Speak and listen in formal and Learn through various experiences, like informal ways, like presentations and observations and experiments. conversations. Solve problems using the skills and tools Communicate opinions, information, and of engineers and scientists. experiences in writing for various readers. Share solutions and communicate Use knowledge of English grammar and explanations of how the world works. vocabulary in both speech and writing.

TO LEARN at every grade, TO LEARN HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE your child will: at every grade, your child will: Use math to represent and solve Learn about their local community and real-world problems. about the state, country, and world. Use math to make arguments about why Discover how people and events from the something is true or false. past relate to the present. Use tools, like rulers and calculators, to Work to understand how different people show mathematical relationships. see the world differently. Use patterns and the structures of Use various sources of information in numbers to think about math. research, discussion, and inquiry.

The next four pages focus more specifically on the Updated Summer 2019 Massachusetts learning standards for 2nd GRADE. 2NDENGLISH LANGUAGE GRADE ARTS AND LITERACY STUDENTS CAN: SECOND GRADE, BY THEENDOF NEW EXPECTATIONSFORSECONDGRADE: Compare formal andinformal English.For example, notice how classmates speak Use apostrophes ( Print allletters quicklyenoughto When presenting, speakloudlyand informationGather from different Explain how apicture ordiagram Describewhat characters doin Stop andreread asentence to figure Read aloudinaway that Useknowledge ofword partsto figure outmeanings. For example, if you know that Explaintheoverall purposeofatext: for example, theideaauthor Notice andtalkaboutthestructure ofatext. For example, describe Capitalize proper nounslike Write poemswithpatterns ofsounds differently whenplaying withfriendsandwhengivingaclass presentation. of ideas. write sentences withoutlosingtrack understood. clearly enoughto beheard and texts to answer aquestion. helps show what atext issaying. a story. response to events orproblems in out themeaningofanunknown word. are reading. shows they understand what they is tryingto explain orthelesson theauthoristryingto teach. what thelast paragraph ofanarticlesays. how thebeginningofastory introduces thecharacters, orexplain Thanksgiving, Boston, andCapeCod. (like rhythm andrhyme). can’t, don’t, cat’s, cat’s, don’t, can’t, means not , thenyou canfigure outthat and ’ ) inwords like dog’s.

unhappy YOUR CHILD’STEACHER: TOPICS YOUCANDISCUSSWITH YOUR CHILD: QUESTIONS YOUCANASK Types ofwritingyour childis Booksandauthorsto lookfor at What kindofwriting didyou doin What kindsofthings canyou doto Who isthestory about?What do working on the library they do? Why? school today? figure outwhat a word means? means not happy not .

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2NDMATHEMATICS GRADE

? feet to measure our table? How How our table? measure to feet think it is? long do you packages? after we pay for our snacks with snacks with our for pay we after this $10 bill? strategies work best for your child your for best work strategies home at math practice How much change will we have have much change will we How Would it take more inches or more inches or more more it take Would How many juice boxes are in 3 in 3 are boxes juice many How Games that can help your child Games your can help that Which and addition and subtraction Which YOUR CHILD: QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK QUESTIONS YOU TOPICS YOU CAN DISCUSS WITH TOPICS YOU CAN DISCUSS WITH YOUR CHILD’S TEACHER:

9 + 9 = 18 represents 6 tens (60). 6 tens represents ). 564 in 6 18 - 9 = 9 and their related subtraction facts facts subtraction and their related (like whether a number is odd or even. bar graphs. like of information, including problems problems, length. involving $10. with amounts up to and coins minutes. five the nearest time to the times. Write the pieces. Count of equal size. can be the pieces that Understand without being the the same size same shape. example, find the total cost of three items at a clothing store. a clothing at items of three cost total find the example, of desks. of row or meters) the length (in feet estimate example, sides and angles. shape with four by ones, fives, tens, and hundreds. and hundreds. tens, ones, fives, by count. as they patterns Notice with numbers up add and subtract 20. to 100. with numbers up to and subtract that the the that Arrange pairs of objects to tell tell pairs of objects to Arrange visual displays and create Understand word and two-step one-step Solve dollars involving problems word Solve tell Use analog and digital clocks to pieces into rectangle a Separate Use various methods to add and subtract with numbers up to 1,000. For For 1,000. to with numbers up and subtract add to methods various Use For of measurement. tools units and use standard and Understand a example, for shapes with specific characteristics: and draw Recognize Count to 1,000 1,000 Count to Mentally (without objects or writing) add and correctly) Fluently (quickly up to addition facts Know Understand place value in numbers up to 1,000. For example, know know example, For 1,000. up to in numbers value place Understand BY THE END OF BY THE END SECOND GRADE, STUDENTS CAN: FOCUS AREAS FOR SECOND GRADE: FOR SECOND AREAS FOCUS 2NDSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY/ENGINEERING GRADE GRADE, STUDENTSCAN: BY THEENDOFSECOND FOCUS AREASFORSECONDGRADE: Compare two ways ofsolvingthe sameproblem andthinkaboutwhichoneisbetter. Explore how heating andcooling things Observe that breaking something does Describeandsortmaterials by how Askquestions abouthow plantsand Explainthat water exists onEarthin Create mapsto show the Beginto understand friction:what happenswhenobjectsrubagainst oneanother. For Explore how materials like wood andstone look,feel, andactdifferently. For example, Understand how windandwater canchangetheshapeofland,and Understand that different kindsofplantsandanimalslive indifferent For example, test two paperbagsto find outwhichis stronger. cooking anegg)cannot. can bereversed butotherchanges(like that somechanges (like meltingice) can causethemto change. Understand the fact that itispaper. tearing apaperinhalfdoesnotchange not changeitsmaterial. For example, absorb water. things that are green orthingsthat they look,feel, oract:for example, and water). to meettheirneeds (like finding food animals dependontheirsurroundings (like ice). different places (like lakes) and forms landforms (like mountains) inanarea. bodies ofwater (like rivers) and example, compare how atoy carslidesonsmoothandrough surfaces. test how hard they are andwhetherthey bendorbreak. trees andbuildingfences. how peoplecanprevent orslow down thosechangesby doingthingslike planting with livingthingsinanocean. environments andareas. For example, compare livingthingsinadesert YOUR CHILD’STEACHER: TOPICS YOUCANDISCUSSWITH YOUR CHILD: QUESTIONS YOUCANASK How science relates to everyday Places inthecommunity that can What doplantsand animals Where canwe find water near Which ofthesetowels isbetter help your child learnscience situations inyour child’s life for wipingupwater? Why? need to survive? our home? What abouthills?

2NDHISTORY ANDGRADE SOCIAL SCIENCE

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change their environments? What What change their environments? people change because about ways of their environments? to different places around the world? the around places different to features to look for at the library the library at look for to features homes, schools, stores, (like work factories) and offices, restaurants, What are some ways people people some ways are What people move some reasons are What Books with maps and other visual people where in the community Places YOUR CHILD: QUESTIONS YOU CAN ASK QUESTIONS YOU TOPICS YOU CAN DISCUSS WITH TOPICS YOU CAN DISCUSS WITH YOUR CHILD’S TEACHER:

save money (like for a future a future for (like money save or a charitable donation, purchase, an emergency). maps, charts, and diagrams can help can help maps, charts, and diagrams or social a history understand readers text. science physical characteristics such as rivers, such as rivers, characteristics physical deserts, and peninsulas. in, and how live they environment well. as environment change that they traditions. maintain cultural individuals and and what migrate bring with them when they families objects, memories, (like migrate ideas, languages, and habits). about people make and the choices buying them. they move (migrate). move they or culture). population (like human ones as their well as geography) future. the for save Explain how visual features like like visual features Explain how Identify countries, continents, and and continents, Identify countries, the adapt to people Explain how people ways Describe various reasons people different Investigate goods and services of examples Give to people try some reasons Give Understand how people interact with the physical world (environment). world the physical with interact people how Understand why and in) particular places (settle live decide to people Explain why or climate (like characteristics using their physical Describe countries and goods and services, a living, exchange people earn how Understand BY THE END OF OF BY THE END SECOND GRADE, STUDENTS CAN: FOCUS AREAS FOR SECOND GRADE: FOR SECOND AREAS FOCUS