Appendix A: Flora Report

APPENDIX A: FLORA REPORT

Biodiversity Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 8 of 11 pages

Biodiversity & Aquatic Specialists 638 Turf Street Wingate Park, 0181 Tel: 012-345 4891 Fax: 086 675 6136

Flora Assessment

DRD (KLIPSPRUIT) CANAL ON PORTION 1 OF THE FARM VLAKFONTEIN 238 IQ AND PORTION 37 OF THE FARM ROODEPOORT 237 IQ

SEPTEMBER 2013

Report author: Mrs. P. Lemmer (Cert. Sci. Nat: B.Sc.) Report verified/reviewed by: Dr. L.A. Coetzer (D.Sc., Pri. Sci. Nat.)

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 1 of 18 pages VERIFICATION STATEMENT Petro Lemmer is a Certified Natural Scientist with the S.A. Council for Natural Scientific Professions. This communication serves to verify that the flora report compiled by Petro Lemmer has been prepared under my supervision, and I have verified the contents thereof.

Declaration of Independence: I, Dr. L.A. Coetzer (421009 5029 089) declare that I:

am committed to biodiversity conservation but concomitantly recognize the need for economic development. Whereas I appreciate the opportunity to also learn through the processes of constructive criticism and debate, I reserve the right to form and hold my own opinions and therefore will not willingly submit to the interests of other parties or change my statements to appease them

abide by the Code of Ethics of the S.A. Council for Natural Scientific Professions

act as an independent specialist consultant in the field of botany

am subcontracted as specialist consultant by Galago Environmental CC for the proposed DRD (Klipspruit) canal project described in this report

have no financial interest in the proposed development other than remuneration for work performed

have or will not have any vested or conflicting interests in the proposed development

undertake to disclose to the Galago Environmental CC and its client as well as the competent authority any material information that have or may have the potential to influence the decision of the competent authority required in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2006.

Dr. L.A. Coetzer

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 2 of 18 pages DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

I, Petro Lemmer (440129 0025 085) declare that I:

abide by the Code of Ethics of the S.A. Council for Natural Scientific Professions

act as an independent specialist consultant in the field of botany

am subcontracted as specialist consultant by Galago Environmental CC for the proposed DRD (Klipspruit) canal project described in this report

have no financial interest in the proposed development other than remuneration for work performed

have or will not have any vested or conflicting interests in the proposed development

Petro Lemmer

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 3 of 18 pages TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY...... 5 3. SCOPE OF STUDY ...... 5 4. STUDY AREA ...... 5 4.1 Regional vegetation ...... 5 4.2 The study site ...... 6 5. METHOD ...... 6 6. RESULTS ...... 7 6.1 Vegetation Study units ...... 7 6.2 Medicinal plants ...... 7 6.3 Alien plants ...... 8 6.4 Orange List species in the vicinity of the proposed route ...... 8 6.5 Red List species in the vicinity of the proposed route ...... 8 6.6 Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops ...... 9 6.7 Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation ...... 10 6.8 Wetland vegetation ...... 12 7. LIMITATIONS, ASSUMPTIONS AND GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE ...... 14 8. FINDINGS AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS ...... 15 9. RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 15 10. CONCLUSION ...... 15 11. LITERATURE SOURCES ...... 17 ANNEXURE A: Red– and Orange List* plants of the 2627BB q.d.s...... 18 ANNEXURE B: Red List plants for which biodiversity studies were required by GDARD ...... 18

FIGURES:

Figure 1: Locality map of the study area ...... 6 Figure 2: Vegetation study units identified on the study site ...... 7 Figure 3: Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops ...... 9 Figure 4: Excavations by informal miners in search of gold...... 10 Figure 5: Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation along the drainage line...... 11 Figure 6: Wetland bordered by alien vegetation...... 13 Figure 7: Wetland with dense reeds in the left centreof photograph...... 13 Figure 8: Reeds appeared to be dead in some areas...... 14 Figure 9: Population of Delosperma leendertziae with 200 m buffer area...... 16 Figure 10: Vegetation sensitivity map ...... 16

TABLES:

Table 1: Number of medicinal species in the various study units ...... 8 Table 2: Number of Alien species in each study unit ...... 8 Table 3: Plants recorded in the Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops ...... 10 Table 4: Plants recorded in the Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation ...... 11 Table 5: Plants recorded in the Wetland vegetation ...... 14

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 4 of 18 pages 1. INTRODUCTION

Galago Environmental was appointed to conduct a vegetation survey in the vicinity of the proposed route for the DRD (Klipspruit) canal on portion 1 of the farm Vlakfontein 238-IQ and portion 37 of the farm Roodepoort 237-IQ, scheduled for construction. The objective was to determine which species might still occur in the vicinity of the proposed route. Special attention had to be given to the habitat requirements of all the Red Data species that may occur in the area. This survey focuses on the current status of threatened plant species occurring, or which are likely to occur in the vicinity of the proposed route, and a description of the available and sensitive habitats in the vicinity of the proposed route.

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To assess the current status of the habitat component and current general conservation status of the area; To list the perceptible flora in the vicinity of the proposed route and to recommend steps to be taken should threatened plant species, plant species of conservation concern and protected plant species be found; To highlight potential impacts of the proposed route on the flora in the vicinity of the route; and To provide management recommendations to mitigate negative and enhance positive impacts should the proposed route be approved.

3. SCOPE OF STUDY

This report: Pertains to the study site as described in subsection 4.2 and is not meant as a report of the general vegetation of the area (subsection 4.1). Lists the more noticeable trees, shrubs, herbs, geophytes and grasses observed during the study and offers recommendations about the protection of the sensitive areas along the proposed route; Indicates medicinal plants recorded and lists alien species; Comments on connectivity with natural vegetation on adjacent sites; Comments on ecological sensitive areas; Evaluates the conservation importance and significance of the area along the proposed route with special emphasis on the current status of resident threatened species; and Offers recommendations to reduce or minimise impacts, should the proposed route be approved.

4. STUDY AREA

4.1 Regional vegetation

The proposed route lies in the quarter degree square 2627BB (Roodepoort). Mucina & Rutherford (2006) classified the area as Soweto Highveld Grassland, a gently to moderately undulating landscape on the Highveld plateau supporting short to medium high, dense, tufted grassland dominated almost entirely by Themeda triandra, and accompanied by a variety of other grasses such as Elionurus muticus, Eragrosyis racemosa, Heteropogon contortus and Tristachya leucothrix. It is in places undisturbed, with scattered small wetlands, narrow stream alluvia and pans. Occasional ridges or rocky outcrops interrupt the continuous grassland cover. This vegetation unit comprises shale, sandstone or mudstone, or the intrusive Karoo Suite dolerites which feature prominently. The soil is deep and red on the flat plains.

The area has summer rainfall and cool-temperate climate with high extremes between maximum summer and minimum winter temperatures, frequent frosts and large thermic diurnal

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 5 of 18 pages differences, especially in autumn and spring. This vegetation unit is considered endangered. Its conservation target is 24%. Only few patches are conserved in statutory reserves and a few private nature reserves. Almost 50% of the unit is already transformed by cultivation, urbanization, mining and road infrastructure and some areas have been flooded by dams.

4.2 The study site

The proposed route runs through Wilfordon from north of Randfontein Road (Road R41) along a drainage line (presumed to be a tributary of the Klip Spruit) that drains water from the Princess Dam, straddling Randfontein Road, to end at the Klip Spruit southeast of Leratong Village. About halfway between Randfontein Road and Leratong Village, where a second drainage line joins the first drainage line from the east, an extensive wetland that forms part of the study area, occurs.

Figure 1: Locality map of the study area

5. METHOD

A desktop study of the habitats of the Red List and Orange List species known to occur in the area was done before the site visit. Information about the Red List and Orange List plant species that occur in the area was obtained from GDARD. Various Acts and Ordinances were consulted about the protected plant species and species of special concern that might occur on the site (see Section 11). The Guidelines issued by GDARD to plant specialists as well as various publications (see Section 11) were consulted about the habitat preferences of the Red- and Orange List species concerned.

The list of plants recorded in the 2627BB quarter degree square was obtained from SANBI and consulted to verify the record of occurrence of the plant species expected to be seen in the vicinity of the proposed route. The vegetation map published in Mucina and Rutherford (2006) was consulted about the composition of Soweto Highveld Grassland.

The study site was inspected on 24 August 2013 to determine whether suitable habitat for the Red List species known to occur in the quarter degree square, and for those for which Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 6 of 18 pages biodiversity studies were required by GDARD, existed. The various study units within 200 meters of the proposed route were identified (see Figure 2) and the vegetation recorded in a random zigzag fashion, paying particular attention to areas that at first sight appeared to be sensitive. These areas were meticulously searched for the presence of Red List species.

6. RESULTS

6.1 Vegetation Study units

Three vegetation study units were identified:

o Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops; o Mixed alien and indigenous grassland; and o Wetland vegetation.

Tables 3 to 5 list the trees, shrubs, geophytes, herbs and grasses actually found on each of the surveyed areas in the vicinity of the proposed route. Figure 2 shows the study units.

Figure 2: Vegetation study units identified on the study site

6.2 Medicinal plants

The names of known medicinal plants are marked with numbers to footnotes in Tables 3 to 5 and the footnotes themselves appear at the end of the last table. Of the 47 plant species recorded within the study site, seven species with medicinal properties were found. Their distribution in the three study units is as follows:

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 7 of 18 pages Table 1: Number of medicinal species in the various study units TOTAL NO OF NO OF MEDICINAL STUDY UNIT SPECIES IN SPECIES IN STUDY UNIT STUDY UNIT Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops 20 4 Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation 21 5 Wetland vegetation 15 1

6.3 Alien plants

Alien plants are not listed separately, but are included in the lists as they form part of each particular study unit. Their names are marked with an asterisk in Tables 3 to 5. Thirteen alien plant species, of which three species were Category 1 Declared weeds, four were Category 2 Declared invaders and one was a Category 3 Declared invader, were recorded within the boundaries of the study site. The number of alien species in each study unit is reflected in table 2.

Table 2: Number of Alien species in each study unit NO. OF NOT CAT CAT CAT STUDY UNIT ALIEN DECLARE 1 2 3 SPECIES D Mixed natural grassland with quartzite 0 0 0 0 0 outcrops Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation 6 1 2 0 3 Wetland vegetation 9 2 4 1 2

The alien plant names printed in bold in the plant tables are those of Category 1 Declared Weeds and the removal of these plants is compulsory in terms of the regulations formulated under “The Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act” (Act No. 43 of 1983), as amended.

In terms of these regulations, Category 2 Declared invaders may not occur on any land other than a demarcated area and should likewise be removed.

Although the regulations under the above Act require that Category 3 Declared invader plants may not occur on any land or inland water surface other than in a biological control reserve, these provisions shall not apply in respect of category 3 plants already in existence at the time of the commencement of said regulations. If this is the case, a land user must take all reasonable steps to curtail the spreading of propagating material of Category 3 plants.

6.4 Orange List species in the vicinity of the proposed route

The habitat of the study site was suitable for three of the five Orange List plant species known to occur in the 2627BB quarter degree square. However, none of these species were found. (See Annexure A for a list of the Orange- and Red List species known to occur in the quarter degree square.)

6.5 Red List species in the vicinity of the proposed route

Ten Red List plant species are known to occur in the 2627BB quarter degree square, a population of one of them within the study site on a south-facing cliff next to the stream (see Figure 9). More populations of this species are known to occur within 5 km of the study site.

GDARD required biodiversity studies for both Delosperma leendertziae and Gnaphalium nelsonii. The habitat was suitable for Delosperma leendertziae, but was not suitable for Gnaphalium nelsonii, which is not known to occur in the 2627BB q.d.s.

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 8 of 18 pages 6.6 Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops

6.6.1 Compositional aspects and Connectivity

This study unit comprised natural primary grassland with outcrops of quartzite near the stream edge. Connectivity with natural grassland existed to the south, but is limited to the northwest and west by Road R41 and developed areas. Large patches of the grassland had been burned during the winter and as the study site was visited during winter when most plants are dormant, the species diversity of this study unit was low. Near the drainage line some areas of the grassland had been excaved by informal miners in search of gold. Of the 47 plant species recorded in the vicinity of the proposed route 20 were recorded in the Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops. Of these, all were indigenous species. The following number of species in each life form was noted:

NUMBER LIFE FORM OF SPECIES Annual & perennial herbaceous species 11 Grasses 8 Succulents 1 Total No of species 20

6.6.2 Red– and Orange List species

A population of the Red List Delosperma leendertziae is known to occur within the study unit on a south-facing cliff next to the stream (see Annexure A for a description of their habitat). The habitat of this study unit was also suitable for two other Red List species, but as the survey was done outside their flowering time, none were found.

6.6.3 Medicinal and alien species

Four of the seven medicinal species recorded in the vicinity of the proposed route were found in the Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops. No alien species were recorded in this study unit.

Figure 3: Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 9 of 18 pages

Figure 4: Excavations by informal miners in search of gold.

6.6.4 Sensitivity

This study unit was considered sensitive.

Table 3: Plants recorded in the Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAMES Acalypha angustata Copper leaf / Katpisbossie Aristida junciformis subsp junciformis Ngongoni three-awn / Ngongoni steekgras Aristida transvaalensis Rock three-awn Cheilanthes hirta1,2 Hairy lip fern / Harige lipvaring Cymbopogon sp Dichilus lebeckioides Digitaria monodactyla One-finger grass / Eenvingergras Eragrostis chloromelas Curly leaf / Krulblaar Felicia muricata subsp muricata1,2,3 White Felicia / Blouheuning karooblom Gazania krebsiana subsp serrulata3 Common gazania / Botterblom Gnidia canoargentea Helichrysum caespititium Speelwonderboom Helichrysum cerastioides var cerastioides Wolbossie Khadia acutipetala Monocymbium ceresiiforme Boat grass / Bootjiegras Oldenlandia herbacea var herbacea Pellaea calomelanos var calomelanos 1,2 Black cliff brake / Swart kransruigtevaring Seriphium plumosum Bankrupt bush / Bankrotbos Sporobolus pectinatus Fringed dropseed / Kammetjiesgras Themeda triandra Red grass / Rooigras

6.7 Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation

6.7.1 Compositional aspects

The Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation study unit comprised natural grassland invaded by alien trees and various invaders and weed species and was mainly concentrated along the drainage lines. Of the 47 plant species recorded in the vicinity of the proposed route 21 were recorded in this study unit. Of these, 15 were indigenous species. The following number of species in each life form was noted:

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 10 of 18 pages NUMBER LIFE FORM OF SPECIES Annual & perennial herbaceous species 13 Tree species 3 Grasses 5 Total No of species 21

6.7.2 Red– and Orange List species

The habitat of this study unit was not suitable for any of the Red List species but was suitable for the Orange List Hypoxis hemerocallidea known to occur in the quarter degree square.

6.7.3 Medicinal and alien species

Five of the seven medicinal species and six of the 13 alien species recorded in the vicinity of the proposed route were found in this study unit. Of the alien species one was a Category 1 Declared weed and two were Category 2 Declared invaders.

6.7.4 Sensitivity

This study unit was not considered sensitive.

Figure 5: Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation along the drainage line.

Table 4: Plants recorded in the Mixed alien and indigenous vegetation INV SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAMES CAT Acacia decurrens* 2 Green wattle / Groenwattel Acacia karroo1,2 Sweet thorn / Soetdoring Bidens pilosa* Blackjack / knapsekêrel Cheilanthes hirta1,2 Hairy lip fern / Harige lipvaring Conyza podocephala Datura stramonium* 1 Common thorn apple / Olieboom Eragrostis chloromelas Curly leaf / Krulblaar Eragrostis sclerantha subsp sclerantha Eragrostis sp Eucalyptus sp* 2 Gum tree/ Bloekom Felicia muricata subsp muricata1,2,3 White Felicia / Blouheuning karooblom Gazania krebsiana subsp serrulata3 Common gazania / Botterblom Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 11 of 18 pages Helichrysum caespititium Speelwonderboom Helichrysum callicomum Helichrysum rugulosum2,3 Lepidium bonariense* Pepper weed / Peperbossie Monocymbium ceresiiforme Boat grass / Bootjiegras Senecio sp Seriphium plumosum Bankrupt bush / Bankrotbos Tagetes minuta* Tall khaki weed / Lang kakiebos Themeda triandra Red grass / Rooigras

6.8 Wetland vegetation

6.8.1 Compositional aspects and Connectivity

The wetland vegetation comprised dense reed beds (Phragmites mauritianus) that open up in places to reveal open stretches of very clear water without any vegetation. Large paches of the reeds appeared to be dead. The species diversity of this study unit was very low. Of the 47 plant species recorded in the vicinity of the proposed route 15 were recorded in the wetland vegetation study unit. Of these, six were indigenous species. The following number of species in each life form was noted:

NUMBER LIFE FORM OF SPECIES Annual & perennial herbaceous species 5 Tree species 3 Shrubs and dwarf shrubs 3 Grasses 3 Sedges 1 Total No of species 15

6.8.2 Red– and Orange List species

The habitat of this study unit was not suitable for any of the Red List species or Orange List species known to occur in the quarter degree square and particularly not for the Red List Gnaphalium nelsonii for which GDARD required biodiversity studies. According to the POSA list this species had never been recorded in the 2627BB q.d.s.

6.8.3 Medicinal and alien species

One medicinal species was recorded in this study unit. Nine of the 13 alien species recorded in the vicinity of the proposed route were found in this study unit. Of the alien species two were Category 1 Declared weeds, four were Category 2 Declared invaders and lne was a Category 3 Declared invader.

6.8.4 Sensitivity

As wetlands form biological filters and drainage lines form corridors for the movement of species, which include pollinators of plant species, this study unit was considered sensitive.

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 12 of 18 pages

Figure 6: Wetland bordered by alien vegetation.

Figure 7: Wetland with dense reeds in the left centreof photograph.

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 13 of 18 pages

Figure 8: Reeds appeared to be dead in some areas.

Table 5: Plants recorded in the Wetland vegetation INV SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAMES CAT Acacia decurrens* 2 Green wattle / Groenwattel Agave sisalina* 2 American agave, sisal / Garingboom,sisal Centella asiatica1,2,3 Pennywort / varkoortjies Cortaderia sp* 1 Pampas grass / Pampasgras Eucalyptus sp* 2 Gum tree / Bloekom Fraxinus excelsior* Common ash / Gewone esseboom Helichrysum difficile Everlasting / sewejaartjie Juncus excertus subsp excertus Ligustrum cf vulgare* 3 Common privet / Gewone liguster Phragmites mauritianus Fluitjiesriet Ranunculus multifidus Common buttercup / Geelbotterblom Rumex acetocella subsp angiocarpus Rumex crispus* Curley dock / Krultongblaar Salix babylonica var babylonica* 2 Weeping willow / Treurwilg Sesbania punicea* 1 Red sesbania / Rooisesbania 1) Van Wyk, B-E., Van Oudtshoorn, B. & Gericke, N. 2002. 2) Watt, J.M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. 3) Pooley, E. 1998.

7. LIMITATIONS, ASSUMPTIONS AND GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE

According to the latest POSA list of the 2627BB q.d.s, about 790 grassland species are known to occur in this q.d.s. Because the site was visited in the middle of winter when large patches of the vegetation had been burned and most of the herbaceous plants and geophytes have become dormant and grasses have lost their inflorescences, many grassland plants could not be identified. It is assumed, however, that many more grassland species occur in the Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops study unit if the POSA list of species for the quarter degree square is taken as a guideline.

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 14 of 18 pages As far as the wetland is concerned, SANBI (POSA) lists about 90 wetland species that could occur in this q.d.s. The wetland on the site appeared to have a very poor plant species diversity compared to the wetland plants in the rest of the 2627BB q.d.s.

8. FINDINGS AND POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS

The Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops study unit was deemed sensitive. The Red List species Delosperma leendertziae is known to occur on a south facing cliff next to the stream. Construction of the canals should be done in such a manner that it do not impact on the Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops to avoid destroying part of the population of Delosperma leendertziae that occur there (see Figure 9).

The species diversity of the wetland was very low in comparison with other wetland areas in the 2627BB q.d.s. Removal of the alien species in and along the wetland will be of great benefit to the area.

9. RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES

The following mitigation measures were developed by GDARD (Directorate of Nature Conservation, 2012) and are applicable to the study route. The appropriate agency should implement an ongoing monitoring and eradication program for all invasive and weedy plant species growing within the servitude. Rehabilitation of natural vegetation should proceed in accordance with a rehabilitation plan compiled by a specialist registered in terms of the Natural Scientific Professions Act (No. 27 of 2003) in the field of Ecological Science. Any post-development re-vegetation or landscaping exercise should use species indigenous to South Africa. Plant species locally indigenous to the area are preferred. As far as possible, indigenous plants naturally growing along the proposed route, but would otherwise be destroyed during construction, should be used for re-vegetation / landscaping purposes. Prior to construction, fences should be erected in such a manner to prevent access and damage to any sensitive areas identified in a sensitivity mapping exercise. Disturbance to any wetlands during construction should be minimized. A plan for the immediate rehabilitation of damage caused to wetlands should be compiled by a specialist registered in accordance with the Natural Scientific Professions Act (No. 27 of 2003) in the field of Ecological Science. This rehabilitation plan should form part of the EMP and a record book should be maintained on site to monitor and report on the implementation of the plan.

10. CONCLUSION

The Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops was considered pristine Soweto Highveld Grassland and was deemed sensitive. Construction of the canals should be done in such a manner that it do not impact on the Mixed natural grassland with quartzite outcrops to avoid destroying part of the population of Delosperma leendertziae that occur there (see Figure 9).

The species diversity of the wetland was very low in comparison with other wetland areas in the 2627BB q.d.s. All Declared Weeds and invaders and other alien species in the vicinity of the proposed canal must be removed and a management plan for the continuing control of the aliens be implemented.

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 15 of 18 pages

Figure 9: Population of Delosperma leendertziae with 200 m buffer area.

Figure 10: Vegetation sensitivity map

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 16 of 18 pages 11. LITERATURE SOURCES

Botha C. 2001. Common weeds of crops and gardens in southern Africa. ARC – Grain Crops Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria. Bromilow, C. 2001. Problem plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria Chippendall, L.K.A. et. al. 1955. The grasses and pastures of South Africa. Central News Agency, Cape Times Limited, Parow. Crouch, N.R., Klopper, R.R., Burrows, J.E, & S.M., 2011. Ferns of Southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town. Eardley, C. 2002. Pollinators for Africa. ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria. Eardley, C.; Roth, D.; Clarke, J.; Buchmann, S. and Gemmill, B. 2006. Pollinators and pollination: a resource book for policy and practice. African Pollinator Initiative (API) Fabian, A. & Germishuizen, G. 1997. Wild flowers of northern South Africa. Fernwood Press, Cape Town. GDARD, 2012. Requirements for biodiversity assessments Version 2. Directorate of Nature Conservation, Department of Agriculture and Rural development. GDARD, 2012. Red List Plant Species Guidelines. Compiled 26 June 2006 with minor edits in January 2012. Directorate of Nature Conservation, Department of Agriculture and Rural development. Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds) 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14, National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. Gibbs Russell. G.E. et. al. 1990. Grasses of southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical survey of South Africa No. 58. National Botanic Gardens/Botanical Research Institute, South Africa. Government Gazette No. 19519. 27 November 1998. National Environmental management Act (NEMA), 1998. (Act 107 of 1998). Hartman, H.E.K. 2001. Aloe Vol 39,3&4. 2002. (The genus Delosperma in Gauteng, part III, species with yellow flowers.) Succulent Society of South Africa, Pretoria. Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria. Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C. 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Pfab, M.F. 2002. Priority ranking scheme for Red Data plants in Gauteng, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, Vol 68: 299 – 303. Pfab, M.F. & Victor, J.E. 2002. Threatened plants of Gauteng, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, Vol 68: 370 – 375. Pooley, E. 1998. A field guide to the wild flowers of Kwazulu-Natal and the eastern region. Natal Flora Publications Trust, Durban. Raimondo, D., Von Staden. L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner R.C., Kamundi, D.A. & Manyama, P.A. (eds) 2009. Red list of South African Plants 2009. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Retief, E. & Herman, P.P.J. 1997. Plants of the northern provinces of South Africa: keys and diagnostic characters. Strelitzia 6: 1-681, National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. Smith, C.A. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria. Stewart, J. et. al. 1982. Wild orchids of southern Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg. Van Ginkel, C.E., Glen, R.P., Gordon-Gray, K.D., Cilliers, C.J., Muasya, M. & Van Deventer, P.P. 2011. Easy identification of some South African wetland plants. WRC Report No TT 479/10. Water Research Commission, Pretoria. Van Oudshoorn, F.P. 2002. Guide to grasses of southern Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria. Van Wyk, B. & Malan, S. 1998. Field guide to the wild flowers of the Highveld. Struik, Cape Town. Van Wyk, B-E., Van Oudtshoorn, B. & Gericke, N. 2002. Medicinal plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria. Watt, J.M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa. 2nd edition. Livingstone, London.

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 17 of 18 pages ANNEXURE A: Red– and Orange List* plants of the 2627BB q.d.s. Flower Priority Conserv PRESENT Species Suitable habitat season group status ON SITE

Alepidea attenuata Near Habitat Jan-Mar Wetlands in grassland B threatened2 suitable Grassland, in shallow gravelly quartzitic 1 Habitat not Aloe peglerae July-Aug soils on rocky north-facing slopes or A2 Endangered suitable summits of ridges.

2 Habitat Boophane disticha Oct-Jan Dry grassland and rocky areas. N/A Declining suitable Shady places, steep rocky slopes and in Bowiea volubilis 2 Habitat not subsp volubilis Sep-Apr open woodland, under large boulders in B Vulnerable suitable bush or low forest.

Brachycorythis Short grassland, hillsides,on sandy gravel overlying dolomite, sometimes also on 1 Habitat not conica subsp Jan-Mrt quartzites, occasionally open woodland, A3 Vulnerable suitable transvaalensis 1000 – 1705m

Aug-Jan Grassland or open woodland, often on 2 Habitat Callilepis leptophylla & May rocky outcrops or rocky hillslopes. N/A Declining suitable Mar-Jun Among rocks on steep slopes of hills and Cineraria ridges as well as at the edge of thick bush Near Habitat not austrotransvaalensis or under trees, on all aspects and on a A3 threatened1 suitable range of rock types. Rocky ridges; on rather steep south facing #▲Delosperma Near Habitat Oct-Apr slopes of quartzite in mountain grassveld. A2 1 leendertziae (on the site southfacing cliff next to stream) Threatened suitable

Damp open grassland and sheltered 2 Habitat not Eucomis autumnalis Nov-Apr places. N/A Declining suitable Habenaria Near Habitat barbertonii Feb-Mar In grassland on rocky hillsides. A2 threatened1 suitable

Holothrix randii Sep-Jan Grassy slopes & rock ledges, usually B Near Habitat southern aspects. Threatened2 suitable Hypoxis Sep-Mar Occurs in a wide range of habitiats.. N/A Declining2 Habitat hemerocallidea Grassland and mixed woodland. suitable

Ilex mitis var mitis Oct-Dec River banks, stream beds, evergreen N/A Declining2 Habitat not forests. suitable

Melolobium 1 Habitat not subspicatum Sep-May Grassland. A1 Vulnerable suitable Plants in Gauteng and North West occur in Near Habitat not Pearsonia bracteata Dec-Apr A3 gently sloping Highveld grassland. Threatened1 suitable 1) global status 2) national status * Orange listed plants have no priority grouping and are designated ‘N/A’ # Populations of this taxon present on study site or in the near vicinity of the study site (locality given in brackets in column 3) ▲ Has been recorded from the farm on which the study site is situated / within 5km of the study site. Should suitable habitat be present, it is highly likely that this species occur on the study site.

ANNEXURE B: Red List plants for which biodiversity studies were required by GDARD Flower Priority Conserv PRESENT Species Suitable habitat season group status ON SITE

1 Habitat not Gnaphalium nelsonii Oct-Dec Seasonally wet grasslands A2 Rare-sparse suitable

Flora Report: DRD (Klipspruit) canal September 2013 18 of 18 pages