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Capheaton Hall, Northumberland, in the Eighteenth Century’, the Georgian Group Journal, Vol Richard Pears, ‘Capheaton Hall, Northumberland, in the eighteenth century’, The Georgian Group Journal, Vol. XXII, 2014, pp. 125–144 TEXT © THE AUTHORS 2014 CAPHEATON HALL IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY RICHARD PEARS & RICHARD HEWLINGS Capheaton Hall, nineteen miles north-west of north front for Sir John Edward Swinburne, sixth Newcastle upon Tyne, is best known to architectural baronet, in –, and that too survives. Between historians as the clearest and most engaging example these two elevations and these two principal periods of the individual style of the north-eastern architect the house was altered for Sir John Swinburne, fourth Robert Trollope, who died in . Its alteration by a baronet, between and , to the design of much later local architect, William Newton Robert Newton, William Newton’s father, an ( – ), has also been documented and described. architect who has only recently been identified as such. The Trollope house was built for Sir John Swinburne, This article describes the latter alteration, hitherto first baronet, in , and its south front survives undocumented; and it amplifies previous accounts of with only its porch subtracted. Newton rebuilt the the – alterations. Fig. : Peter Hartover, ‘Capheaton Hall, Northumberland’, . Oil on panel (By kind permission of Mr W. Browne-Swinburne ) THE GEORGIAN GROUP JOURNAL VOLUME XXII CAPHEATON HALL IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY he Swinburne family acquired land at of Stuart. The second baronet had been too infirm to TCapheaton in . Like many Northumbrian join his Northumbrian friends in the rebellion of landowners, they had to build a defensible residence , and his son, the third, died in January , just during the Anglo-Scottish border wars, and before the second Jacobite rebellion began. But his Capheaton was described as a castle in . At the son Sir John, the fourth baronet, paid for food for Reformation the family stayed true to the old Jacobite prisoners held in Carlisle Castle in , and religion; they fought for the King in the Civil War spent much of his time in France, visiting the and endured Commonwealth persecution, but Sir Jacobite court in exile. His steward, William John Swinburne (d. ) gained a baronetcy from Kirsopp, was obliged to send him accounts of work Charles II in . Between and he done at Capheaton Hall, soliciting decisions from replaced the ancestral castle with a new house him; and to Kirsopp’s letters we owe much of our (Fig. ), designed and built by Trollope, a mason as knowledge of the house. well as an architect, who originated from York. Sir John died and was buried in Paris. He was not The Swinburne baronets remained Catholics until the only family member to spend much time on the the s, and their wives were drawn from other Continent. Anne French noted that ‘there was a Catholic gentry families. The first baronet’s mother family culture in which tourism could flourish’. was a Tempest of Stella; his wife was a Lawson of The fourth, fifth and sixth baronets were educated at Brough. Sir William; the second baronet (the eldest Douai, the Catholic seminary in northern France, of children), who died in , married Mary before making the Grand Tour. Both the fifth baronet Englefield of Whiteknights (Berkshire). Sir John and his younger son, Edward (born ) visited ( – ), the third baronet, married Mary Italy. The most famous traveller in the family was Bedingfield of Oxburgh (Norfolk). Sir John Henry Swinburne ( – ), younger brother of ( – ), the fourth baronet, did not marry, but his the fourth and fifth baronets, who published one of brother, Sir Edward ( – ), the fifth, married the first European expositions of Islamic architecture Christiana Dillon. He conformed to the established in his Travels Through Spain . Sir Edward, the fifth church towards the end of his life, and thus his son, baronet, had been a merchant in Bordeaux, and was the sixth baronet, was the first of his family to enter also a grand tourist, visiting Spain in , Hungary public life, as MP for Launceston from to and Moravia in , Italy in , and France and and as High Sheriff of Northumberland in . Sir Austria from to . He was elected a member John Edward Swinburne ( – ) also made a of the Society of Dilettanti in . Sir John Edward, particularly advantageous marriage. His wife, Emilie the sixth baronet, was born in Bordeaux, had been Elizabeth, daughter of R.H.A. Bennet of Beckenham educated in Lille and Paris, and had travelled in the (Kent), was the niece of Peter Burrell, created Lord Low Countries, Switzerland and Vienna. He was a Gwydir in ; she inherited the Lincolnshire Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, a Fellow of the estates of the Dukes of Ancaster, and her three aunts Royal Society, President of the Literary and all married into the nobility. The Launceston Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne from parliamentary seat, made available to Sir John Edward to , and first President of the Society of through his wife’s uncle, also gave him confessional, Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne from . political and financial advantages which had not He also presided as Provincial Grand Master of been available to the previous squires of Capheaton. Northumberland from to . Hodgson, the Sir John Edward Swinburne, sixth baronet, county historian, described him as ‘a munificent reversed a family tradition of support for the house contributor to the embellishments and materials of’ THE GEORGIAN GROUP JOURNAL VOLUME XXII CAPHEATON HALL IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Fig. : Capheaton Hall: undated proposal plan, probably earlier than the plan marked ‘ ’ (Fig. ) (By kind permission of Mr and Mrs W Browne-Swinburne ) his History of Northumberland . To Sir John and topped by an open segmental pediment. Its Edward’s artist brother, Edward, Hodgson owed ‘the removal was therefore under consideration at this date, highest obligation for the masterly and beautiful and had apparently been effected by c. , the date drawings from which the greater part of the written on a plan (Fig. ) which does not show it. engravings in this work were taken’. It was the In fact, this is the only dated drawing in a group absentee, Jacobite fourth baronet, and the learned, whose chronology can be established from their conforming sixth baronet who altered Trollope’s progressive evolution. The ‘ ’ plan is very similar house, the former in –, and the latter in to another, undated, which may precede it (Fig. ). – . Both show the ground floor of the house, but the Some time around – Isabella, Lady ‘ ’ plan shows the internal arrangements in some Swinburne, widow of the first baronet, wrote to her detail, whereas the undated plan only shows the two ‘Dear Son’: ‘Sr Henry Lawson saith an Arch over the stairs, plus two cross walls and one other. Both show hall door which coms out fout and Leed on it is intended wings flanking a courtyard on the north side fashionable and beter than the Belcony. If you se of the house, and provide elevations of these as well. aney howse so obsarve how you like it, and how it is But whereas the ‘ ’ plan (Fig. 3) shows the made.’ Peter Hartover’s painting of the south front elevation of the west wing (annotated ‘Front of New in shows that it had a balcony over the front Stables’), seven bays wide, as it was built (and porch: the ‘pergular’ feature which was fashionable remains), the undated plan (Fig. 2) includes all over the country from shortly before to the elevations of both wings, ten bays wide, the west wing s. There is no balcony or porch now; instead, annotated ‘More windows here than Intended’. This the door is flanked by half-columns on tall pedestals, must be an unrealised proposal, possibly a little THE GEORGIAN GROUP JOURNAL VOLUME XXII CAPHEATON HALL IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Fig. : Capheaton Hall: proposal plan, captioned ‘Old Plan of the House (Capheaton) ’ (By kind permission of Mr and Mrs W Browne-Swinburne ) earlier than the ‘ ’ plan. Both plans also show a Both plans show stables in the west wing, for gap between the two stair towers on the north front, saddle horses and coach horses respectively, with called ‘redoots’ in Trollope’s contract; the steward’s harness room and coachman’s room behind them, correspondence refers to the gap as ‘the Vacancy’. and coach houses at the north end. West of this lies a Both plans show two L-shaped wings extending ‘base court’ with a ‘Dung hole’ on its western from the north-east and north-west corners of perimeter. The west wing is linked to the house by a Trollope’s house, with offices in the east wing and large rectangular building, marked ‘Future Building’ stables in the west. The plans differ in having slightly on the undated plan; on the ‘ ’ plan this different arrangements of the offices, but both annotation has been struck out and replaced by include a business room, housekeeper’s room, ‘Chapel’. It is shown with an arcade or colonnade at kitchen, scullery, laundry, wash house, brew house, its east end, and an altar behind a communion rail at dairy and scalding room, and the east wing is linked the west; part of the space allocated to the stables in to the ground floor lobby of Trollope’s service the undated plan has been allocated to a vestry. staircase, by a ‘Passage Alter’d’. The dated plan The base court was perhaps inspired by that shows the south wall of this passage extended further built at Wallington Hall between and , east to two ‘bogghouses’, the southern one with its probably to the designs of Daniel Garrett. The ‘door alter’d’. The dated plan also shows the ‘Old ‘Front of New Stables’ (its east elevation), shown at Sevenhorse Stable’ at the north end of the east wing, the bottom of the drawing, is reminiscent of set forward (west) of it.
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