•178.00 · CONGRESSION.A~ REC0RD -· ·IiOJ]SE September ·-2

· PUBLIC BILLS AND-RESOLUTIONS -· lish, and maintain safe workplaces and prac­ country · who -are handicapped by deafness tices in indt~.stry, thereby reducing human the specially trained teachers o! the' deaf Under clause 4 of ~ule :Xxr~. public suffering and financial loss and increasing needed to develop their abilities and to- help bills and resolutions were introduced and production through safeguarding available make available to ·individuals isutreririg severally referred as follows: manpower; to the Committee on Education speech· and hearing impairments those spe­ By Mr. ASPINALL: and Labor. cially trained speech pathologists ail.d audi­ H.R. 9021. A bill to provide that withdraw­ . By Mr. VANZANDT: ologists needed to ·help them overcome their a,ls and reservations of public lands for non­ H.R. 9032. A bill to authorize the appro­ handicaps; to the Committee on Education defense uses shall take effect only upon cer­ priation to the Corregidor-Bataan Memorial and Labor. Commission of an amount.equal to amounts, ta~n conditions, and for other purposes; t,o By Mr. WOLF: the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ not in excess of $7,500,000, which Il}ay be re­ H. Con. Res. 430. Concurrent resolution fairs. · ceived by the Secretary of _!~e Navy from the requesting the President to instruct the . H.R,. 9Q22. A blll to provide for assistance to sale of vessels stricken from the Naval Ves­ U.S. delegation to the United Nations to States in their efforts to promote, establish, sel Register, to be expended for the purpose sponsor and support resolutions curtailing and maintain safe workplaces and practices of carrying out the provisions of the act of restraints on world trade resulting from car­ in industry, thereby reducing human s'uffer­ August 5, 195.3; to the Committee on Armed tels and other forms of -world monopoly; to ing and financial loss and .increasing produc­ Services. the Committee on Foreign Affairs. tion through safeguarding available man­ By Mr. BALDWIN: power; to the Committee on Education _and H.R. 9033. A bill to provide a health bene­ Labor. fits program for certain retired employees of By Mr.'BOWLES: _the G.overnment; to the Committee on Post PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H.;R. 9023. A b_ill to prqvide assistance to Office and Civil Service. Under clause 1 of rule .XXIi, private communities, industries, business enter­ By Mr. DORN of New York: bills and resolutions were introduced-and H.R. 9034. A bill providing for the Sur­ prises, and individuals to facilitate adjust­ severally referred as follows: 'ments made necessa:ry by the trade policy geon General of the United States-to estab­ of the United States; to the Committee on lish a hospital in the State of New York es­ By Mr. BOYLE: Ways and Means. peci~lly equipped for the treatment of per­ H.R . 9039. A bill for the relief of George By Mr. BROOMFIELD: sons addicted to the use of habit-forming Gozadinos; to the Committee on the Judi­ H.R. 9024. A bill to provide a health bene­ drugs; to the Committee on Interstate and ciary. fits program for certain retired employees .Foreign Commerce. By Mr. COOK: of the Government; to the Committee on By Mr. MILLS: H.R. 9040. A bill for the relief of Ana Fer­ Post Office and Civil Service. H.R. 9035. A bill to permit the issuance of nandez ·Lambea; to the Committee on the H.R. 9025. A bill to authorize the Secretary series E and H U.S. savings bonds at inter­ Judiciary. . _of Defense to make a monetary allowance in est rates above the existing maximum, to . By Mr. DOLLINGER: . lieu of headstones· or markers for certain permit the Secretary of the .Treasury to des­ H.R. 9041. A blll for the relief of .Joseph graves; to the Committee on Armed Services. ignate certain exchanges of Government se­ .Starker; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. FOLEY: curities to be made without recognition of ,gain or loss, and · for other purposes; to the - . By Mr. ~NDSAY: H.R. 9026. A bill to amend the act to reg­ H.R. 9042. A bill for: the relief of Anna ulate and fix rates of pay for employees and Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. HAYS: Semechole Marcolina; to the Committee on omcers of the Government· Printing Offic~; H.R. 9036. A bill to amend the Foreign ·the Judiciary. to the Committee on House Administratio:q.. Service Buildings Act, 1926, to authorize the By Mr. ZELENKO: By Mr. MEYER: construction or alteration of certain build­ H.R. 9043. A bill for the relief of Mock Fook H.R. 9027. A bill to amend section 3 of tne ings in foreign countries for use by the Leong; to the conimittee. on the .Judiciary. act of January · 5, 1905, incorporating the United States, and for other purposes; to American National · Red Cross, so as to in­ the Committee on Foreign Affairs. clude among the purposes of such corpora­ By Mr. McGOVERN: tion the establishment of a just and lasting PETITIONS. ETC. -peace; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. .. H.R. 9037. A bill .to authorize the sale at market prices or at 1959, support prices, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions By Mr. STEED: whichever are lower, of agricultural com­ H.R. 9028. A bill to provide that certain and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk modities owned by the Commodity Credit and referred as follows: funds shall be· paid to the Kickapoo Tribal Corporation to provide feed for livjlStock in Council of Oklahoma; to the Committee on .areas determined to be emergency areas, and 270. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the ·Interior and Insular Affairs. for other purposes; to the Committee on Ag­ assistant -city clerk, Stockton, Calif., request­ By Mr. ROOSEVELT: riculture. ing that the Congress override the Presi­ H.R. 9029. A bill to authorize the payment By Mr. TOLLEFSON: dential veto of H.R. 7509; public works appro­ to local governments of sums in lieu of taxes H.R. 9038. A bill to amend the Tariff Act priations; to the Committee on Appropria­ and special assessments with respect to cer­ of 1930 to provide for the establishment of tions. -tain Federal real· property, and for other country~by-country quotas for the importa­ 271. Also, petition of the city clerk, Boston, purposes; to the Committee on Interior and tion of shrimps and shrimp products, to im­ Mass., requesting favorable action on H.R. Insular Affairs. pose a duty on all unprocessed shrimp im­ 4633, relating to home rule for the-District By Mr. UDALL: ported in excess of tJ;le applicable quota, and of Columbia; to the Committee on tlle Dis­ H.R. 9030. A bill to officially designate the to impose a duty on processed shrimp and trict of Columbia. dam now under construction at Glen Canyon prohibit its importation in excess of the ap­ 272. Also, petition of Rosemary Macklem on the Colorado River in northern Arizona plicable· quota; to the Committee on Ways and others, Cleveland_, Ohio, requesting that as Powell Dam; to the Committee on Interior and Means. the American Indians get justice in the way and Insular Atra1rs. By Mr. BAKER: of better living such as, better ht>using, food, H.R. 9031. A b111 to provide for assistance H.J. Res. 516. Joint resolution to help water, medicine, and education; to the Com­ to States in their_ efforts to promote, estab- make available to those children in our mittee on Interior a~d Insular Affairs.

OF REMARKS Stuart Symington Cited by AMVETS INGTON, with its first defense award in RECORD, together with an excellent ad­ "recognition of exceptional contributions dress which Sen~ tor SYMINGTO,N delivered EXTENSION OF REMARKS to the defense of the United States and before the AMVETS convention. the free world.'' I can think of no one There being no objection, the citation OF more deserving of this recognition than and address were ordered to . be printed HON. CLAIR ENGLE · · Senator SYMINGTON. In its citation, in the REcORD, as follows: AMVETS points out that Senator SYM­ AMVETS NATIONAL CITATION OF CALIFORNIA INGTON "has brought to the Senate The 14th A.nnual National Convention of IN THE SENATEOF THE UNITED STATES unique understanding of the times in AMVETS, assembled in St. Louis, Mo., on Wednesday, September 2,1959 which we live." I concur wholeheart· August 22, 1958, unanimously resolved that edly -with this statement and with the its first defense award be presented to . the Mr. ENGLE. Mr. President, at its re· Honorable STUART SYMINGTON, u.s. Senator, cent l:lational convention in Grand Rap­ other commendations in the citation. in recognition of exceptional contributions ids, AMVETS presented our distinguished I ask unanimous consent that the cita. to the defense of the United States and the colleague from Missouri, Senator SYM· tion be printed in the CONGRESSIONA~ free world. 1959 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 17801 Throughout his .Qut;standing career, the which must go With leadership of the free workers and peasants had risen against the Honorable STUART SYMINGTON has con• world. Communist state. · tributed exceptionally tO the · national Now we enter a ·new phase. In less than 3 The Russian students were not satisfied strength of the United States. He has con• weeks, Premier Khrushchev will come to this with the answer of . their teachers, so they sistently emphasized to the Government and country. went to the rooms of Hungarian students the public the necessity for impenetrable It is hoped that he· will leave these shores and 11 terally dragged them out of bed to ask national defense, as a threat against aggres. without incident-and with a better under­ some searching questions. sion and to successfully counteract aggres· standing of our basic strengths. They wanted to know whether the Com,.. sion should it occur. Senator SYMINGTON But it would be a tragic error to believe munist Party has not in fact become the continues to protect the United States and that his visit connotes any shift in Com­ exploiting class Marx warned against; and, the free world through his active participa­ munist goals or strategy. if this were true, whether Marxist theory tioh on the important Senate Armed Serv­ The Sino-Soviet Empire is committed to would not demand that the people revolt 'ices Committee and Aeronautical and Space a single objective. They seek it at times by against the party. Sciences Committee. talk of peace, a:t th:~1es by war; _in one place These discussions spread to other Russian Senator. SYMINGTON, who in 1958 was through_ professeci efforts .. towards peace; universities, where ·the question·. was even elected to the U.S. Senate by the highest , in another by subversion. asked wl:lether "the Russian workers, under .percentage of ·votes cast in ·the history of :But the basic goal is always the· same: · Lenin's banner, will not rise ~gainst their · ;Missouri, has brought to the Senate unique namely, the overthrow of parliamentary ~ov· ., .bureaucratize,d exploiters."- ;. . , understanding of the 'times in which we live. ernment, all over the world_:resulti'ng in . ; Onl~ e_xtreme . subsequent C;iisciplinary His is the voice of a dedicated American with their rule of all people. · measures quieted this outbreak of criticism. exceptional· knowledge ' of current military . We _seez.n now to ·be . headed fo! a . phase But the incident shows that, after 40 years needs. His is the voice of authority on na­ which will be marked by increasing contact of c~>'ntrol~ the Communists would seem· to tional defense. His is the voice of authority between communism and free peoples. have failed in the indoctrination of some of on airpower. His is the voice of authority This means an increasing competition of their youth. on defense reorganization. w.ords, ideas, and performance; and it is With Wise and careful effort, we can carry Senator ·SYMINGTON's brilliant service as about this-what I would call the psycho­ on this battle of ideas behind .the lines to logical side of the conflict-that I would great advantage. the Nation's first Secretary of the Air Force speak briefly today. was responsible for many of the initial and The Russians are ready. We should utilize holes that have been subsequent contributions which the Air In his speech to the Second Congress of the opened up in the Iron Curtain to intensify :force has made to the defensive strength of _our efforts to win c~nverts to freedona's Communist International, · back in 1920, cause. the United States and the free world. Lenin said: "Gx:eat are the military victories Earlier, the devoted public servant enhanced of the Soviet Republic, but still more sig­ The crucial weapons of such an effort, I national welfare as Assistant Secretary of nificant is the victory over the minds and am glad to say, cost nothing. War for Air, Chairman of the Surplus Prop• hearts of the masses, the victory of Commu­ They need no lead time; because we have . erty Board, and Administrator of the Recon· nist ideas all over the world." them . struction Finance Corporation. ~ · Following Lenin's .advice, the Communists · They_ are not subject to mechanical AMVETS and the United States--and the have developed. the most effective machinery failures. free world which looks to America to help and the· most refined strategy of propaganda And they have not grown obsolete in 183 preserve its freedom-are deeply indebted to the world has ever known. years. · · ' the Honorable STUART SYMINGTON. It is with Their assault on the mind takes many . They are parts of. our life· which many . of the greatest pride and appreciation that ·forms. It may be a peace ·congress in Sweden, us ta:ke for granted. · .But translated into the AMvETs present to him their first national a youth festival in Vienna, a strike in Paris, lives led by the people behind the Irati. defense award. .or a fair in New York. Curtain, they b~come concepts of great Presented August 27, 1959, AMVETS 15th ·wherever it is, and whatever it is, you can n10tive .Power. ' Annual National Convention, Grand Rapids, l;le sure it is a well-planned monolithic effort, · First of course is the idea of freedom. The Mich. with the mspiration coming primarily from lion . Curtain people should know that·· if w. E. BURDINE, M.D., two places-Moscow and Peiping. they lived under our sys_tem~ they would be National Commander. In this area of protracted psy.chological able to walk the streets Without identity P. E. HOWARD, conflict the Communists are believed to be cards. They could move to a new city with· National Executive Director. spending between $2 and $3 billion a year. put registering with the police. They would J.t is an effort which has but one purpose­ be able to apply for the kind of job they THE PROTRACTED PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICT to drum home the Communist line, so as to wished, instead of being assigned by the (Address .by Senator STUART SYMINGTON be­ soften up any opposition, as they move on state. They could read, think and speak fore the AMVETS National Convention, With their plans for conquest. what they pleased. ' · Grand Rapids, Mich.,' August 27, 1949) But deeds are stronger than words; and the And then there is ·self-determination­ It is a great privi~ege to be· with you here most ingenious propaganda is weakened if people being free to choose their own form in Grand Rapids at this national conven­ belied by actions. of g9vernment, without pressure from for­ tion of the AMVETS. This is what happened recently in Hun­ eign troops on their soil; living in a land Your organization is unsurpassed in its ef· gary, and even more recently in Tibet. where men can choose. their own govern,.. forts towards adequate national defense. And that is why, despite the scope of the ment representatives in free elections. · Those in Government charged.. with re­ Communist effort, it is they, not us, who are Also there is the concept of matel'ial well· sponsibility in this field depend upon groups vulnerable in this propaganda field at this being-better pay, better working condi· such as yours to. keep our citizens both in­ time-if only we will shed the current com- tions, a · better standard of living. , formed and alert about' whether or not the placency and go to work. · How interested these men and women -strength of this N~tion is. adequate enough Greater effort in the psychological field would be to study :the way we in .America to insure our :remaining a free people: could draw rich dividends for the cause of have narrowed the historic gap between rich National defense is not just physical de­ freedona. · and poor without revolution or bloo.dshed. fense. It involves far more. It is the whole Behind the Iron Curtain-in the so-called . Why should we fear increasing contact of our effort to keep the peace. It includes zone of peace in which we now let Commu­ between the Communists and ourselves? ' economic growth, scientific progress, the nist rule go unchallenged-the people are nevertheless stirring. Their way of· life has no attraction for us. state of our morale and the quality of our But our way of life has much attraction for education. Ideas of freedom have seeped through the them. · AMVETS does a magnificient job for its blockade o! indoctrination and thought con­ veteran members. But when it branches trol. · The more they learn about how w~ live, out--exploring the meaning of Atnericanisxp.; Why else would 250,000 Poles turn out to the more they will realize that the free world granting scholarships; helping make better cheer the Vice President of the chief capital­ has actually delivered the better life which communities; speaking out for the legisla­ ist nation of the world? the Conamunists promise. tion in which it believes-:then your great Why else would 1 out of every 10 East Ger· Why is it that the truth about the West organization makes its complete contribu­ mans have left their country since 1950, is so largely unknown behind the Iron Curtain? · ' tion to ou.r oy~rall _ security ~ drawn by the symbol of freedom which is In the 15 years since its founding, AMVETS West Berlin? A few comparisons can answ-er . much of has grown steadily in stature. Yes; dissent and doubt are on the rise ·in that story. And now 'you stand a vigorous, far-reach· many places behind the curt.ain. In the last year, while the Russians were ing., .forward-looking organization, _dedicated Let me tell you a story, the authenticity of spending billions in psychological warfare, always to the welfaJ,"e of our country. which is vouched for by the distinguished our total effort in this field amounted to less In these 15 years this ;N'ation has matured free Austrian magazine, Forum. than $150 million. · .and' expanded under the continuing chal· At the time of the Hungarian revolution That is about 3 ~ou,rs' o1,1tput of 1 day of lenge of w:orld communism_. We have dis.. 140 students were expelled from a· Moscow our annual income. armed, and armed a,gain; _forged great al· university. We have the weapons to lead the world to ,liances; begun to build up underdeveloped Their crime? . In the middle. o:f a class on peace. But we neglect the means of de~ areas; and learned soine of the patience Marxism they began to ask why,_in H~ngary, !ivery. 17802 CONGRESSIONAL ·· RECORD , ~ HOBSE September 2 Therefore, I recommend a four-point pro­ they still do not control; plus unrest !n the ·Asian Communist countries, such as gram to help our country mount a.new major countries they do. North- Korea and North Vietnam dis- offensive in this battle for men's minds. Such possible progress through truth can tribute their own magazines. ' First, there should . be intensification of only reduce the Communist threat to our our radio broadcasting behind the Iron Cur­ own security. - Third. The official Communist propa­ .tain, our presentation of the truth about As 'our country heads' i:nto the uncertain ganda pamphlet campaign is accom­ America. ..future, testing new methods of diplomacy, panied by . standard literature: Rus­ · We should be able to broadcast long facing new techniques, I have faith that -sian classics are· constantly being re­ enough, loud enough, and on enough chan­ this great organization of ·AMVETS will sup­ printed in English. - Indeed, more pub­ nels to break through Communist jamming port . these efforts, efforts· essential for our lications in English are now being efforts. security, our prosperity, and the greatest of -printed behind the Iron Curtain for dis­ We should not raise false hopes i-n the all blessings, a just and lasting peace. · tribution in non-Communist Asian coun­ hearts of people--but we should keep con­ stantly before them t he difference between tries than are being printed for such their life now, and the life they could have .· purposes by the United States and Great under freedom. · ' Communist Propaganda in Asia Britain combined. Second, we should increase personal con­ Each year, scores of new titles in tacts between Communist and free world peo­ Hindi, Bengali, and Urdu and other na­ ples-through travel, letters, and exchange EXTENSION OF REMARKS tional languages are also released. programs. OF "Handbooks on Marx," "People's China, The young Americans serving as guides at HON. CHESTER BOWLES U.S.S.R.," ''Chinese Cooking and Chinese the Moscow Fair have reported that their own Papercuts," are on sale everywhere, as is personal Views and eXperiences about life in OF CONNECTICUT the Constitution of the Soviet Union in the United States are a most effective coun- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ter to Communist propaganda. ' nearly all languages. Important pro­ Third, there should be better preparation .. Wednesday, September 2,1959 nouncements and interviews with Soviet of our Foreign Service people for jobs abroad. Mr. BOWLES. Mr. Speaker, under leaders are widely distributed. We cannot get over our message to another leave to extend my remarks, I include Books and albums are published in land or person if our representatives do not the following statement: China and Moscow on the visits of Soviet know the language. They cannot be ef­ leaders to other Asian countries. Pub­ fective unless they understand the culture The Speaker has generously granted and customs of the country in question. permission to me to exhibit in the lications on Islam and Buddhism are Far too many of our representatives abroad Speaker's lobby of the House of Rep­ frequently distributed. are not properly .equipped for their job. It resentatives several samples of Commu­ · Communist propaganda aims at fill­ was for this reason that I proposed the es­ nist propaganda typical of that now ing gaps in available literature wherever tablishment of a Foreign Service Academy, being disseminated in the Middle East such gaps exist. Thus there is much con­ to train the free world advocates of a lasting and in south and southeast Asia. This centration on children's books such as peace so they could present their message exhibit is designed to acquaint Members "The Silver Hoof,'' "Frisky Kitten," with maximum effect. · Finally, there should be a .much more ef­ of Congress with the scope, breadth, va­ "Ukrainian Folk Tales,'' and a series fective use of religion as an antidote to riety, skill, and effectiveness of Commu­ of "Peace Fables"-published in communism. · nist propaganda in this area of the Bucharest. · Eighty percent of the people held in world and with the corresponding chal.. Indian art publications are published bondage behlnd the ~on Curtain are Chris­ lenge it presents for American policy. in Moscow and distributed in India. tians. Among the aspects of this challenge, Many art postcards sold in India are A large percentage of them are devout; highlighted in the exhibit, are the fol­ printed in Moscow. and therefore, when their beliefs rub against the atheistic policies of their Communist lowing points: This Communist propaganda effort rulers friction is automatic. First. Propaganda from the Soviet through books and periodicals is, of We have not yet made full use of our Union and Communist China is supple­ course, only one arm of a sustained, creeds and religious convictions as a weapon mentary in various fields and in differ­ long-term program. That program also in this cold war. Through broadcasts, ·we ent countries. Chinese propaganda, for j.ncludes the persistent use of radio, could do much more in emphasizing the instance, appears more often in Paki­ press, films, trade fairs and cultural mis­ strength. of o~ :{aith. stan, which is at odds with the Soviet sions. The following brief Sl,lffilllary These broadcasts should stress the dig­ nity of man under God, along with other Union, while the Soviets are more active indicates the extent of some of these religious ideals incompatible with Com­ in Burma, where the Chinese are re­ supplementary activities: munist doctrine. garded as a direct threat. A major role Radio: Communist Chinese broadcasts Why not, for example, translate and is also given to propaganda from coun­ number 242 hours per week in 10 Asiatic dramatize some of the outstanding religious tries of central and eastern Europe, languages and 5 Chinese dialects. broadcasts we hear on our own networks particularly in the sphere of cultural Chinese abroad numbering 30 million are every Sunday. and economic affairs. considered as an import¥-nt target and I present these opportunities and suggest Second. Soviet and Chinese publica­ how we might use them. At this point, instrument for Communist propaganda. however, let me make it clear that I do not tions are attractive, and present life Moscow broadcasts much more exten­ suggest stirring up any revolution. under communism in terms designed to sively;_8 hours weekly to southern Viet­ But we do want to spread the truth, for appeal to the workers and peasants of nam for instance, 35 hours weekly to there is a good chance that this truth will most of non-Communist Asia. China Persia, and an unspecified number in spread dissatisfaction, and thereby force alone sold an estimated $1 million worth Hindi, Bengal, Urdu, Tamil, Telegu, some relaxation of Russian rule, in terms of of propaganda material at cutrate prices Singhalese, and other Asian languages. more understanding and therefore more out of Hong Kong last year. good will. Press: The actual Communist press in The head of the Central Intelligence Samples of direct propaganda publica­ Asia is not very· extensive-six papers in Agency, Mr. Allen Dulles, asserted in a re­ tions include: ~IJ,dia, two in Pakista~. four in Ceylon cent speech that while the Soviet Govern­ From China: China Pictorial, China and fiVe in Japan. But Soviet and Chi­ ment is stm a closely regulated autocracy, Reconstructs, Women of China, People's nese propaganda is carried on (a) it is not today quite as free as under Stalin .China. through local press agencies which dis­ to disregard wholly the desire of the people. This applies at least as much to the Soviet From U.S.S.R.: The Soviets distribute tribute news issued by Tass and the New satellites. They would be grateful for the New Times, Soviet Literature, Soviet China Agency, and (b) via extensive dis­ slimmest ration of the fruit of freedom. Union, Soviet Land, Soviet Weekly, tributions of Chinese and Soviet publi­ If we can help them to that end, all our Soviet Woman, Culture, and Life. cations in French~ 'English and all effort will have been worthwhile--and the From central and east Europe: Rom­ i\siatic languages. goal of peace will be much nearer to man­ trans-Romanian Industry-Czechoslo­ ~· Films: Great emphasis is placed on kind. vak Life, Bulgarian Foreign Trade, presenting Communist films in Asia. First Hungary, and then Tibet, have shown GDR Review (East German), Do You Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary the Colnmunists that if control of their satellites is based on force alone, they dam­ Know the Rumanian Peoples' Republic? make particular efforts in this field. In age their cause in the uncommitted nations. In the middle east Communist French -addition, Polish-Indian; Hungaro-In­ And by spreading our ideas, and ideals, we publications such as Democracie Nouvelle dian, Soviet-Indian film companies have can stimulate apprehension in the countries are available. been created and are discussing joint 1.959' CONG;RESSIONAL r ~.CO;RD - . -;HOUSE 17803 productions. · The Soviet .Union · pro­ . The · Army, . however does not wish ta mation and understanding. Our motives are duced the national film "In Pakistan" give up any rights to the 1,5.00 acres good. We plan no aggressions. We truly and the so-called ·Indian monumental south of the present preserve and wants want peace, freedom, and improved living "Pardesi." . . to substitute a;nother area of the present conditions· for the people of the world. To ban travel i~ to cut off effective personal Trade fairs, cultural, scientific, and preserve. This substitute, area has ·J:iee.n communication. This lessens the opportu.­ sport exchange missions between Asian carefully inspected and pronounced to be nities for the understanding which must be countries and the Communist •bloc have totally uns~tisfactory. The Army argues the basis for any real peace. been considerably increased. The SOviet that it needs the other area for military Second, it is alleged that the United Union and China have their pavilions at maneuvering purposes. Even without States can't provide the customary protec­ all trade fairs such as the Indian Fairs the 4,000 acres in question, the Army tion in these areas, the governments of which we don't recognize. There are many at Hyderabad or Bombay, or in Pakis­ .would have 39,Cf00 acres for maneuvers.. risks a U.S. citizen still take_s without the tan's Lahore Fair. So have east Euro­ It ·would seem to me that the Army could ,aid of the protective arm of his Govern­ pean cou_ntries. Presently in Cairo and do some pretty extensive maneuvering ment. A citizen going to the Dominican Bombay there are Czechoslovak, , Hun-­ in 39,000 acres. Republic takes the usual risks in a police garian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Polish and It would be a shame for Congress to state of becoming a casualty, something East German industrial shows. Czecho­ adjourn w1thout concurring with the which our diplomatic representatives there slovak string quartets and Rumanian Senate action on this bill which is not ·can neither prevent nor mend nor readily dance teams, East German spoxrt teams only in the interest of the citizens of Il­ punish. All that the State Department should do in such circumstances is make and Chinese wrestlers visit the majority linois but concerns everyone i:n,terested certain that the citizen contemplating a trip of Middle East and Asian coqntries. 'in the preservation of our Nation's public . to a police state understands the risks he Communist teams are present at all recreational areas. · faces. Asian festivals. Chinese Buddhist art Third, in the case of China; such restric­ exhibitions · tour Ceylon, India, and tions are supposed to punish, or at least Burma. indicate our disapproval of, the Chinese The Right to Tra:v:el Communist Government for maltreating The single, overall conclusion of any and holding as hostages our citizens. · This curr~nt survey of Communist propa­ is on the erroneous assumption that our re:­ ganda in Asi~ is its formidable continuity EXTENSION 0~ REMARK~ ., fusing permission to our citizens to vistt of purpose. It . is a . long-term effort, OF China hurts or at least demeans them more being conducted with purpose and skill. than it handicaps us in seeking both peace It is not calculated to achieve dramatic HON. CHARLES 0. PORTER ·and facts. I feel that we would secure the or immediate success, but rather long­ OF OREGON release of the five remaining u.s. prisoners .term impact in depth. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES far sooner if we permitted wider intei-per­ sonal communications between our country The importance of Asia to Communist Wednesday, September 2, t959 and Communist China. strategy is obvious. America's~ stake in Fourth, the State Department refers to the future of free Asia is equally clear. Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, under what it terms an "important factor,'' the .We·will need _new thinking and new re­ leave to extend my ·remarks in the REef· effort of the Communist Chinese to utilize sponses if this challenge is to be met ORD, I 'include the following statement trade and cultural contacts to promote .effectively in the months and years which I mac;le pefore Senator ERNEST political objectives hostile to ·our interests. 'ahead. GRUENING's Subcommittee on Passport We can hardly hope to win t;he cold war ff Legislation on September 1: we refuse to join battle on 'the trade, cul­ I hope that this exhibit in. the tural and other fronts. Indeed, with re­ speaker's lobby will help broaden un­ S'PATEMENT BY REPRESENTATIVE C;HARLES ·.0. spect to the Soviet Union, by far our derstanding of the nature of this· chal­ PORTER, DEMOCRAT, OF OREGON; BEFORE THE major opponent, we carry on, amid almost lenge. In the preparation of this mate­ U.S. SENATE GOVERNMENT· OPERATIONS SUB• ·universal applause, an extensive program rial for exqib~t, the International Fed­ COMMITTEE ON PASSPORT LEGISLATION, SEP­ of visitor exchanges. The President's re­ eration of- Free Journalists was most TEMBER 1, 1959 _ cent decision to trade visits with Khru­ helpful, and I gratefully acknowledge It is my opinioh that the Secretary of State shchev is a dramatic affirmation of the Presf­ their cooperation. I hope that as many does not have and should not be given powers ident's belief that·such contacts can aid the to prevent an .Anterican citizlm, Member of cause of peace. ·' Members of Congress as possible will see Congress or not, from visiting any co.untry We cannot rely on increased communica­ this exhibit during the next few days. .in the world. Unless we are actually' at war, tion alone to guarantee peace. It is even American citizens should be freely allowed ·more clear that the wiliful ·ignorance or any U.S. permission to visit all countries. A variety of iron curtains makes war more passport should. be only an identification. probable. Passage of Des Plaines Wildlife Area Leg­ ' Its issuance should be an almost entirely Every American citizen who travels abroad clerical act, not a question of executive dis­ is an ambassador. Most are good ones. islation Vital to Illinois Recreation . . cretion to be dedded in terms of foreign Some are not. All learn things which they policy considerations. bring back to be evaluated. Enemy stereo­ ExTENSION OF REMARKS Some of the legislation under considera- types are blurred by facts and obliterated . OF . . tion by this committee was requested of the by understanding. ' Congress by the President of the United The peoples of the world don't want war. HON. HAROLD R. COLLIER States July 7, 1958, to authorize the Secre­ If informed, they can be ppwerfUl drags on tary of State to refus·e passports for travel "imperialistic ambitions of their rulers. OF n.LINOIS in designated countries or areas. From the Ordinarye person-to-person· contacts are tlle IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Executive's point of view there may seem to best way for human beings to form tolerant Wednesday, September 2,1959 · be advantages to this but, in my opinion and and friendly opinions of each· other. Cur­ as in the case of many other restrictions on tains between countries, whether of iron, Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, I would freedom, the disadvantages are far greater. bamboo, visas .or passports, become black like to bring to the attention of my col­ Four alleged advantages are set forth in shrouds for the cause of world peace. leagues an item of legislation, H.R. 3894, a letter dated July 2, 1959r which I received These a-re so~e of the reasons why_ Amer­ which may die in committee in these last from Assistant Secretary of .State William B. ican citizens should be permitted by their few days of the session and upon which Macomber, Jr. Government to travel anywhere. I also be­ action should be taken without further· The first advantage listed had to do with believe that this .ts part of the freedoms the emergency declared in 1950 and which is guaranteed to ~very American citizen. This ·delay. still in effect. This means there is a state question is for the judiciary to settle. This bill directs the Army and th&Gen­ of unresolved conflict between Communist On August 27, 1959, I filed suit against eral Services Administration to transfer China and the United States. I fall to see the Secretary of State because he had refused to the State of Tilinois approximately how restricting travel by U.S. citizens assists to give me permission to travel in China. .2,400 acres attached to the Joliet Arsenal us in resolving this cold-war type of conflict With the chairman's permission I shall"file grounds as wildlife hunting, game pre- in our favor. On the other hand I can con­ the text of this complaint at the conclusion serve, and recreational area adjoining ceive of · improved relations resulting from of these remarks. A Member of Congress is such' visits. However, the Department of in a somewhat different position from one the Des Plaines and Kankakee Rivers. State itself has· granted permission to 41 'who is not- a Member. Secretary Macomber, 'This 2',400 acres should provide not only U.S. journalists to travel in. China. This 1h the letter cited above, wrote to nie, "as a. ·a wildlife and game preserve but also a seems to recognize the fact that the cold war .· Member of Congress your vlsi~ would be in­ fine recreation ground. is best fought through an increase of infoF- terpreted throughout Asia as well as by t:ne CV--1123 17804 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-· HOUSE September. 2 Communist Chinese as a basic change in pol .. land. Many Americans are having con­ They've sent us a "golden dollar" for you, icy at the very time when the Communists siderable difficulty in fairly assessing In honor of statehood-a dream come true; are engaged in liquidating the Tibetan re­ that situation. Vice President NixoN's It comes to you with the chamber's good volt; threatening war in the Taiwan Straits, cheer; and showing increasing arroganc.e and con:. recent visit to Poland and the unusually But spend it in Fairbanks-it's no good here. tempt for international law and decency." ' warm welcome given to him by the people · i see no necessity for an interpretation of that Communist-controlled nation, Mr. President, another "Charlie" has that the suggested change of policy would serve to stress again the warm feeling of retaliated in rhyme. .He is none other mean any softening of our attitude. Cer·­ friendship to the United States by the than my friend CHARLIE BOYLE, that is to tainly no softening is justifiable. Red Chi­ Polish people. say the Honorable CHARLES A. BOYLE, nese aggression in Tibet, Laos, and India. The author, Stefan Korbonski, a law.:. Member of the House of Representatives should be dealt with firmly. No one is sug­ for .the 12th District of Illinois. CHARLIE gesting that we forgive or forget Korea. yer by profession, was the political head of the huge Polish underground that BoYLE responded to the gift of the My visit to China, or the visits of other "golden dollar" in these words: ,Mempe;rs; should.· be · charact~rized tq the fought gallantly under the exiled Polish world as fact-finding missions with no such leadership in London throughout the ·Your "golden dollar" h·as been received · - overtones, just as ·the Eisenhower visit io the Nazi ·occupation. 'His experience's · o( ·What wlll be done with-it 'Can't be perceived f!oviet Unio~ . cannot be accurately inter­ ·personal arrests and escapes make fan­ ·spending in Fairbanks will have to wait preted a:s meaning that we have forgotten or ·tastic reading. For it looks lilte we're. stuck in the "south torg~v~n :the slaughter in ~ungary. . :48." . It s~enis to me there is a more· pertinent I most warmly recommend "Warsaw in Chains" to those of my colleagues who With adjournment appearing . not coming difference in the case of the Member of Con­ forth gress who seeks permission to go to China or would like to understand better the We won't get a chance to journey north any other country. This has to do with our present situation in Poland and the de­ But thanks anyway for your little token keystone governmental doctrine, the separa­ velopments of the last 20 years. It Perhaps we can use it for the highway tion of powers. Th'e executive cannot, it makes excellent and most educational program. seems to me, forbid a member of the legis­ reading, lative branch to visit any country with which Mr. President, the situation is getting we are not actually engaged in war. My law'­ out of hand. Poetry begets poetry. Be­ suit against the Secretary of State seeks a fore we are done with this we shall judicial decision on this question. Golden Dollars-Poets and Poetry Moreover, since the State Department has doubtless have. a sufficient supply of the muse on hand for the publication of a seen fit to give permission to travel in Com­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS munist China to 41 journalists, its refusal book, -or books. Even as I set about to to permit. a Member of Congress seems ar­ OF leave my omce to go to the fioor to make bitrary and discriminatory. sure that these enduring words were pre­ Let me make it clear that I do not believe HON. E. L. BARTLETT served in print for posterity, another that my going to China is in itself of much OF ALASKA stanza ·reached me, responsive to the importance. This is a test case and I am IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES "golden dollar" theme. . This is from seeking to help open the. way for a policy Congressman HOWARD -W. ROBINSON of change which will permit others, tar better Wednesday, September 2,1959 qualified than I, .to go. The harm done by the 37th District of New ·York: the present policy is more apparent when Mr. BARTLE'IT. Mr. President, proof - Thanks for the dollar-it's welcome you bet; we consider that the State Department's po­ is readily available, and I shall supply it But my only problem is how to get E!ition also blocks travel by Senator MAGNU­ here, that Capitol Hill is inhabited not From here to Alaska-so please send the .soN, the chairman of the Senate's Interstate only by statesmen -but also by poets, or, · fare, and Foreign Commerce Committee, Senator at least, versifiers. And I'll spring for the beers, when I get COOPER, Senator HUMPHREY, Senator ENGLE, there! · and other Members in both branches. Every ·Only recently the Members of the Member of Congress has a duty to inform -Alaska delegation in Congress, Repre­ himself" on legislative matters and to work sentative RALPH J. RIVERS, Senator for national security, but of course the ERNEST GRUENING, and I sent to each The Aptuxcet Story specfal constitutional role of the Senate with Member of Congress a "golden dollar" respect to foreign policy makes the State supplied by the Fairbanks, Alaska, Department's obstructionism with respect to Chamber of Commerce and good for EXTENSION OF REMARKS Senators · all the more intolerable and un­ constitutional. $1 in trade-in Fairbanks. These were OF My plans for a trip to China and the Far "minted," or so our covering letter East always have included being accom­ stated, in commemoration of Alaska's HON. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. panied by other Members of Congress, experts admission to the Union. Accompanying OF MASSACHUSETTS in the area and in trade matters, business­ the letter sent to each Member of Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRES~TATIVES men, and journalists. That I am the sole gress was a rhymed presentation, a won­ plaintiff against the Secretary of State does derful work of art, no less, from the Wednesday,Septelnber2,1959 not mean I intended .to go to China . as a lone, self-appointed investigating commit­ mind and pen of Charlie Hughes, admin~ Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, a unique tee. Specifically I want to learn what I can, istrative assistant to Representative observance is' taking place ori September firsthand, about the conditions and poten­ RIVERS. So that the whole wide world, 5 and 6 in the town of Bourne, Mass., tialities of trade, esp~cially with Oregon. or, at least, that part of it which turns where I have my summer home and to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for educa­ which is represented in the House by our tion and enjoyment, may have the colleague, Hon. HASTINGS KEITH. The townspeople on these days will Warsaw in Chains benefit of reading Charlie Hughes' verses, commemorate the establishment, in the I present them now: year 1627, of the Aptuxcet Trading Post EXTENSION OF REMARKS Today we all holler for a good sound dollar, in the town of Bourne, on the banks of OF A low-priced car and a no-wilt collar; the Manamet River. It was here that But, despite the advance of this thing "auto- . the colonists of the Plimoth Plantation mation," HON. THADDEUS M. MACHROWICZ we can't even return nickel beers to the - wrote and signed the first business con.. OF 1\IIICHIGAN Nation. tract in America, thus becoming the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES birthplace of American capitalism and But up in the city of Fairbanks, Alaska free enterprise. Wednesday, September 2, 1959 (A wonderful place, 1f people should ask ya), The chamber of commerce has done some- A replica of the trading post stands Mr. MACHROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, thing about on the o~iginal foundations of the post. my attention has been called to many A fair return for what you put out. In 1627, an agreement was written set.. recent favorable reviews, here and in ting up the trading post, by the colonists England, of e. book recently published by In honor of Alaska's becoming a State, And joining you all in the "south 48," of the Plimoth Plantation. The written Stefan Korbonski, entitled "Warsaw· in They've minted a dollar that's worth a whole instrument gave certain of their number Chains." buck control of the trade, the purpose of .: There has been of late much interest In all sorts of merchandise, including which was to pay off the hage debt still in recent political developments in Po- "mukluk." owed to the London promoters of the £0NGRESSI@N~L '"RECORD ~. HOUSE 17805

Mayflower. expedition, to transport· more · Since t~e opening, of the -canal. the Cht­ quired to take the- necessary steps to com­ of their countrymen to Plimoth. cago River has ~een reversed. Then, it fi~:Wed plete adequate sewage disposal plants and The observance on September 5 6 into Lake M~chig~n-now it dows away from sewers to the end that the reduction of di­ and Lake Michigan. The purpose of the canal version may be made at the times fixed in will be marked by a pageant at the post, was the disposal of sewage and the produc­ the decree." The sanitary district then de­ 'depicting the historical events conriected tion of electricity, so- the Court- found. manded that the Federal Govern,ment pur­ with it._ In 1907. an application was made to do chase the canals, paying $90 milli.on_there­ The significance of the event is that it certain work on the Calumet-Sag Channel for. The engineer department reported. .was here that the system of free enter­ :to increase . the :flow from Lake Michigan against it and this started the :flood of bills; prise contracts .had their beginning. through said channel. But this was refused beginning in 1937, in the 75th Congress, The colonists built on a firm foundation. by the Secretary of War. In spite of this, seeking authorization for increased diversion the sanitary district went right ahead; so of water. From this humble start the way of life the United States brought suit in 1908. In the Supreme Court Decree of April 21, established by these rugged settlers be­ Then, another application of the district in 1930, there was a requirement in paragraph came the vehicle for the development of 1913 was denied by the Secretary of 'J{ar. 5 that the defendant's sanitary district file the economic strength which has made .In 1908, pursuant to the amendment of with the clerk of the court semiannually, on our country the greatest power in world the constitution of Illinois, development. was July 1 and January 1 of each year-begin­ history. begun of a project that would contruct ning July 1, 1930-a report to the Courtade­ powerplants, locks, bridges, and dams, start­ quately setting forth the p~ogress made in ing at the water powerplant near Lockport th~ construction of the sewage treatment to a .point on .the Illinois River near Utica; plants and appurtenances outlined in the Remarks qn Diversion of Water Issue the justification therefore was that it would program. Also, it was to set forth the extent provide about $3 million a year. from the a:nd effect of the operation thereof and the EXTENSION OF REMARKS use of water diverted from Lake Michigan average diversion of water from Lake Michi­ gan. OF for waterpower purposes. Well, the diversion was made without the Again, the sanitary district failed to com­ HON. ALEXANDER WILEY consent of the States bordering ·on the Great ply with this order. The last semiannual re­ Lakes, and in fie:tlance of the Federal Goy­ port was filed on January 2, 1939, which OF WISCONSIN' ernment. Temporary permits were granted said that "the pomplete treatment of all lN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES from time to time by reluctant Secretaries sewage will not be possible until July of War on the plea that the district and 1939,"-although the district was required to Wednesday, September 2,1959 nunois had neglected or refused to install complete construction of the faclUties on or Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I ask modern sewage disposal plants and that -the before December 31, 1938. In January 1940, unanimous consent to have printed in health of the people would be impaired. an application was made again for more di­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD my remarks The sewage pollution continued to be of­ version. The Court said, in relation to the fensive up through the years. In 1925, the same, "nUnois has failed to show that it has on the diversion of water issue. U.S. position for injunctive relief was af­ provided all possible means at its command There being: no objection, the remarks firmed by the Supreme Court, although the for the completion of the sewage treatment were order~ .to be printed in the REc­ Secretary granted f!. permit for diversion of system as required by the decree and no ade­ ORD, as follows: 8,500 cubic · feet-looking to -a progressive quate excuse has been presented for the de­ REMARKS OF SENATOR ALEXANDER WILEY BE• reduction. Meanwhile, in 1920, the Board of lay." The Court appointed a special master FORE SENATE OPl THE UNITED STATES ON Engineers for · Rivers and Harbors of the again and he recommended that the petition D~VERSION OF . WATER ISSUE . United States, made a report stating, in sub­ of Illinois be dismissed. The Supreme Court stance, that Chicago was debarred from any upheld the master's report. Let us first get a lltt.le of the history ·claim for indulgence; that it had defiantly Again, in 1956, Illinois petitioned the Court · hlVolve9. in this water diversion. Since 1922, opposed the Government and was in epen bills ·have been intraduced in Congress to for a temporary modification of the decree disregard of the law; and that they had ex­ and the Solicitor General filed a memoran­ ~~thorize the diversion. They were intro.­ pended money of their constituents in prose­ dum on behalf of the Government, as amicus duced mostly by Congressmen from the city cution of unwise and illegal plans. of Chicago. The bills based their right for curiae; pointing out the interests of the In 1927, the Court, having referred the United States with regard to the paramount the diversion of water from Lake Michigan action of Wisconsin,-Minnesota, and Michl.:. on the following grounds: power of Co~gress in relation to navigation gan, to Special Master Charles Evans Hughes, and treaties between the United States and (1) Sanitation-for sewage disposal pur­ who said that the district, in relying on the poses. Canada which affect the toti'Ll problem of arguments with reference to the health of diversion. The Court, on the application of (2) Public health-caused by contamina­ its people, had long delayed the subject of the district, granted. a petition for tempo­ tion of waters of the Chicago River, the suitable sewage plants as a means of avoid­ rary increase of diversion to, and including, Chicago Sanitary District Canal, and the ing future diversion. Therefore, the district January 31, 1957, and extended it again to nlinois Waterway. could not complain if an immediately heavy February 28, 1957 (352 U.S. 983). (3) Diversion would permit the genera­ burden was placed upon the district because tion of additional waterpower at the Chi­ o! its attitude and lts course of action. The HISTORY OF THE FIGHT IN CONGRESS cago District Lockport plant. Court further required that the rights of the Since 1920, bills nave been entered to in­ (4) Fish life would be restored. complainants be restored gradually; giving crease the diversion. Twice President Eisen­ (5) It would eliminate damage by ex­ the district time to provide adequate means hower has vetoed bills; stating, in substance, tremely high waters of Lake Michigan. for disposing of the sewage, In other words, that he was unable to approve the bill (6) Navigation requirements of the Illi­ the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Chi­ because: nois Waterway demanded additional diver- cago Sanitary District, and the State of (1) Existing diversions are adequ8,te for ~on. . Illinois, must stop the illegal diversion (281 navigation on the Illinois Waterway anct (7) Then there was the position that . di­ U.S. 179) and the Court observed that "the Mississippi River. . version should be authorized to take care of diversion of water for sewage disposal was (2) All methods of control of lake levels, a variety of demands in the Mississippi held illegal." and protection of property on the Great River watershed. In 1932, on the application of the States, Lakes, should be considered before arbitrar­ Harry Truman once quoted Justice Holmes including Ohio, the Court appointed a Spe­ ily proceeding with the proposed increased as follows: "A page of history is worth a cial Master, Edward F. McClellan. He found diversion. ' volume of logic," so let us get at some of the that the causes of delay in obtaining ap­ (3) Diversions should be authorized with historical facts. proval of the contruction of controlling reference to negotiations with Canada. The controversy originated ·between the works in the Chicago River "are total and (4) The legitimate interests of other years 1892 and 1900 when the Chicago metro­ inexcusable failures of the defendants to States affected by the diversions may be politan area cut a canal across the Conti­ make an application to the Secretary of War adversely affected. nental Divide. Previously the Illinois­ for such approval." The Court entered its Ih the 85th Congress, a bill providing for Michigan Canal was completed in 1848. This decree and provided for "gradual reduction an additional diversion for 3 years was canal soon became polluted with sewage; of tl_le diversion of waters of the Great Lakes, passed in the Ho1.1se, but failed in the Sen­ and, finally, in 1887, the Commission studied St. Lawrence system through the Chicago ate. three methods of sewage disposal ·and rec­ drainage canal; the reduction should be The Chicago district pressure has n.ot been ommended as the most economical the dis­ down to 1,500 cubic feet per second by De­ limited to bills in Congress. Applications charge of the sewage into the Des Plaines cember 31, 1938." were made to Presidents Roosevelt and Tru­ River through a canal across the Continental Again, the district delayed and, in 1932, man, with Secretaries of War and with var­ Divide. The legislature took action aild the application was made by the complainants ious boards and commissions. sanitary district was created with power to again for a sp.ecial omcer to see that the de­ Now, it is evident that Chicago has no handle the situation. At that time, the cree of April 21, 1930 (281 U.S. 696) was health problem. Back in 1940 it was claimed sanitary district embraced an area of 185 earned out. . . . that diversion was necessary because tne square miles-it n,ow embraces 600 square In 1933, the Court enlarged its decree to pollution in the Chicago drainage canal con­ ~~~ ' provide that "the State of lllinois is re- stituted a menace to health. The special 1.7806 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-· liOUSE Septem1ier~- 2 master: after: extensive hearings; held that York, when it accepted· the Ucenses granted cently;a ·group of Texans has suggested. that there was no · menace, to health. We know to it by the Federal Power Commission for a pipeline be built ·to the. Great Lakes to very ·well that an additionaf diversion of the construction of the Niagara power proj· tap the water thereof. 1,000 cubic feet will not clean up the objec­ ects, did so, relying on the decree mentioned 3. The increase in diversion comes at a tionable conditions in the Illir.oi3 Waterway a60ve. · time when the Great Lakes are headed for a as long as untreated, and partially treated, The Canadian Goverrilnent and the State record'low lake level. At a time when every sewage and sludge is permitted to enter the of New York will in the course of the next inch .of diversion accentuates grea:t losses waterway. The permanent solution is to 3 or 4 years have completed the power proj­ in shipping, hydroelectric power plants on keep pollution out of the Chicago area's ects at an expense of over half a billion dol· the Niagara and St. Lawrence River and also waterways by enforcing State and district lars. By that time, the power projects will the harbors of port cities. laws prohibiting the dumping of raw, or par· be in full operation and a diversion of' 1 . 4~ We and Canada· have put into the St. tially treated, sewage, chemicals, and other y~ar will be felt, causing a loss yearly o;f over Lawrence development between us a billion materials in the streams and waterways of a million dollars in income. So there is no dollars.. The utilization of the Seaway re­ the State of Illinois. Eminent sani~ary en:. _question that the power authority would be quires high water levels. Chicago diversion - gineers are agreed· that the effluent (iiquid aeprived of substantial legal rights. .. wni :p.ull1fy, to some extent, the benefits. de­ residual which remains after complete treat• As we have already stated, · such a diver­ rived fro~ the St. Lawrence S~away. ment of the well of an operated sewage dis• sion in violation of the Court's decree and U.S. ARMY ENGINEERS REPORT ·posai plant of an activated-sludge of modern the ,legal treaties would justify the claims type) is a clear,· odorless liquid-nonpu:tres· 'of Canada to divert all the water from the 1. The Engineers have stated that a tem­ cible which requires no chlorination andJn Columbia River. · porary 3-:-year diverison of 1,000 cubic feet . which fish can live. The sanitary d.lstrict . Now the next question ari£?es, ·Is there' any per . second would lower ·I,.akes ·Michigan­ affirms that the effluent of its northside need for a diversion of i,ooo 'cubic feet per Huron by five-eighths of an inch and Lakes treating plant "is almost ·as clear· as drinking second ;for such a study? Senate Document Erie. and Ontario would b'e lowered by three­ water, . and quite · as harmless as it finally No. 128 of the 85th Congress, 1st session, eighths of an inch. leaves the plant through an outlet and into states: "Recent studies of present and pro­ They also stated that an increased diver­ and through ·an artificial channel which dis­ spective water requirements foJ;" navigation sion of 1,000 cubic feet per secqnd at Chicago charges into the Chicago River" (278 U.S. ori the Illinois Waterway show that . the would affect the flow and production of 367). authorized diversion of 1,500 cubic feet per power in the Niagara River, the St. Lawrence There is no claim that additional diversion second from Lake Michigan is adequate to River and in the Illlnois hydroelectric is needed for navigation on the Illinois meet those. requirements" (p. 48) . and shows plants-having an adverse effect on hydro­ Wat~rway, or for navigation on the Missis­ tha.t losses would result from increased di· electric e_nergy evaluated at $408,000 to sippi River. In a recent report by the version to· navigation, power development, $918,000. division engineer, he states that "commerce and shore property· interest. Further, that · 2. The permanent diversion pf 1,000 cubic on the Illinois Waterway has increased from if the water were diverted, such study could feet per second ·would have· the· effect of 1,600,000 tons, in 1935, ·to 21 million tons not possibly demonstrate that the levels of lowering the levels in Lake Michigan-Huron, -in 1955." Recent studies of present and the Great Lakes and the tlow at Niagara and and the estimated annual average economic prospective water requirement for navigation the St. Lawrence River would not be affected. -ioss to the U.S·. Great Lakes fieet would,be on · the Illinois Waterway show that· the detrhnentally-with adverse effects on navi· $240,000. . . . authorized diversion of 1,500 cubic feet per gation and power development. It woule\ 3. The · evidence ·of tP,e chairman · of the second from Lake Michigan is adequate to also show; i.f such diversion were made·, in­ Power Authority of ~New York estimated by meet those requirements: ~ creased power production at the sanitary dis­ 1 year additiohai diversion -at: Chicago of ' The Alton lock, which was provided by trict's plant at Lockport, Ill., saving the dis· -1,000 cubic feet per second the total loSs : tO Public Law 500, will take care of any trouble trict money. . · Canada and tlie power autliol-ity would be during low water: The U.S. Department ~f Health in its re­ $1,142,000,· and as was suggested, it is pfain Now, the Supreme Court has made it port of AprH 29, 1957, suggests the answer that H.R. 1 is designed to open the door· ti> pretty clear' that it will not permit any addi· by means of chlorination and aerat~on. a permanent . additional diversion of 1,000 tiona! · diversion at Chicago until the dis­ Acideq diversion will not benefit navjga· cubic feet per second. . trict utmzes all practical means, other than tion on the IlUnois Waterway; it will affect 4. Tliere has been plenty of evidence to diversion, to alleviate conditions complained adversely navigation on the Great Lakes. show that the port cities of the Great Lakes of. The u.s. Public Health Service has in· It will npt solve the problem of-sewage in would sustain very substantial damages to dicated that there are measures which the the sanitary district. It will affect adversely their harbors and port cities if H.R. 1 were sanitary district can take which would han.:. the .power authority and benefit the district to become 'law. Every fractioh of an inch dle the situation: Sewage treatment through · power generation. of loss in lake levels to artificially lower the aeration or. chlorinf!,tion, or the combination All these facts raise a Constitution issue Great Lakes due to a diversion at Chicago, of the two. (See Senate Subcommittee on of the power of Congress to authorize addi· would cost the lake port cities thousands of Public Works hearings, 1958, p. 92.) Based tional diversion. But if it should be con~ dollars annually. Oli aeration, t}?.e first COSt WQUld-be $2 mil• stltJ].tional-and only the Court ca.n decide 5. The lake carriers testified that an addi· lion; annual cost $250,000. Based on chlori· that-it certainly is unfair to injure the tional div~rsion of 1,000 cubic feet per sec­ nation, the first cost is not given; annual property rights of people in Michigan and ond at Chicago with the resultant lowering cost $550,000 .. Wisconsin and deprive navigation and of the lake would result in a loss of approxi­ It is very evident th.at the reason the downstream power interests of. their rights mately $2,590,000. sanitary district urges additional diversion sol_ely for the . economic benefit of the CONCLUSION i~ to avoid the normal and usual sanitation sani~ry distrtct. costs· which would be required in expanding 1. The waters of Lake Michigan are inter:.. Now that. the Court has appointed a state in character. ' · its facilities. Away back in 1913, when ap­ _master, he should }\andle the matter. Per­ plication was made to Henry Stinison, Secre· 2·; Five States: Illinois, Michigan, Minne­ tary of War, he stated: haps _it should. be referred to the Commis.,. sota. Indiana. and Wisconsin in 1955 ap­ sion under the auth:oli.ty of· article IV of the proved the so-called Great Lakes Basin Com­ . "The demands · for diversion at Chicago Boundat:Y Waters Treaty of 1909. . are pased solely upon the needs for sanita· pact, but Illinois· Congressmen, following iu Certainly diversion is unnecessary. It the steps of their predecessors, kept on pr'ess­ tion of that city. Every drop of water taken involves the rights, · obligations and inter­ out of the lake necessarily tends to nullify ests of the United States and Canada, as ing Congress, even though the Supreme Court costly improvements made under direct au~ well as the litigating States and the in· has ret11rne<1 and recently taken action and thority of. Congress throughout the Great .habitants thereof. again appointeq._a master. . _ Lakes;· and, it is manifestly' said that, as 3. There are some real nice· questions of long as the city is permitted to increase the REASONS FOR DENYING DIVERSION law involVed: amount of water which it may take from the 1. The legislation will jeopardize our (a) Does Congress have the power to au- lakes, there will be very strong temptation friendly relations with Canada. Canada is thorize the transfer of huge quantities of placed .upon it not to.take a more scientific­ the best friend we have got in the world. water from the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence and possibly a more expensive-method to Besides that she's our best neighbor, our watershed to the Mississippi watershea with dispose of the sewage." best customer. substantial damage to the Great Lakes States~ The Supreme Court on April 21, 1930, lim­ The two notes which follow, which I ask the municipalities located on the Great Lakes ited the amount of water that could be to be printed at the e:p.d of my remarks, and their people? diverted from the Great-Lakes-St. Lawrence clearly demonstrate how lnappropriate it (b) We-believe-- system to 1,500 cubic· feet in addition to would be for · Congress to take action. ( 1) The Court in Wisconsin v. Illinois, 278 domestic_pumpage (281 U.S. 696). 2., The Great Lakes watershed: Canada. U.S. 367, has answered that 'qu·estion deft­ There are the House bill, the Senate bil~. and the Unit~d States are. trustees thereof. nitely. That it is beyond the power of Con­ and the amended bill, all considered by the If the door is opened now a flood of requests gress and the Federal Government, par.:. committee. A study of the bms· indicates will come to the Congress from other cpm- ticularly when made to create an artfficial quite clearly that ·some fertile minds which munlties along the · St. Lawrence and in waterway to divert-water from one watershed drew the two amendments were tryin'g to other States. Already the Ohio communi::. to another. · . _ ~eet some of-the arguments that wertOnade" · ties have discussed ·· taking from 'Lake E:rte· ., - · (2') That the power in Congress goes' to th& ·The Power Au-thority of th~ State · of New water to the Ohio River watershed, and re :. constitutional provision to regulate · com- 1959- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 17807 Plerce 9r na\_'igation,. and that sewage dis­ 9. The State of Illinois has, as a matter of appropriations? In a number of coun­ posal _or sanitation is not a legitimate object official State policy as evidenced in ' its adop­ of legislation. _ . _ tries, for example, the major item of tion of the Great Lakes Basin compact, rec­ expenditure is for training and supply­ ,. (3) Neither is th~ development of power at <;>gnized the justice and de!!irab111ty of set­ Lockport, Ill., a valid object under the Court's tling the Chicago water diversion controversy ing of a native army. One of these decision. by agreement among all of the affected States places happe:p.s to be Lap~ -. in southeast · ( 4) Now that the Supreme Court has again and Canadian provinces, and not by Federal Asia, now the center of · a C.ommunist­ appointed a master, it is tl:l.e proper ma­ legislation. President Eisenhower, in his inspired rebellion. Representative PAss­ chinery to dispose of this matter. September 1954 veto of the diversion bill, in­ MAN, testified that we supplied funds for (5) That the not.es from Canada, with dicated that he approved of an agreement be­ maintaining an army of 25,000, but that whom we have been at peace for 140. years, tween the interested Great Lakes States be­ indicate a really substantial reason for Con­ fore authorizing additional diversion. U.S. military inspectors have never been gress not to take action on this bill. permitted to find out just what kind of (6) That it is unconstitutional for Con.. an army does exist there, if any. gress by additional diversion to prefer Chi­ . But even if no army ex!sts, there is cago over the ports of the other States. How Long .Can the Benevolent Philosophy plenty of evidence .that there are uni­ (7) That an additional diversion would forms, warehouses full of them. Among­ work injury to the other States by depriving of Foreign Aid Continue To Blind Us the thousands of uniforms waiting to be them and their.citizens and property owners worn there were sizes 44 to 46 . . Each and property without the due process of law to the Reality of Its Failures? (278 u.s. 367)·. one of these, it appears, could accommo­ · (8) That, in accordance with the testi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS date two Lao soldiers since .. the ave-r­ ~ge Lao weighs about 115 pounds and mony of Colonel Nauman, of the Corps of OF Engineers, additional diversion is not needed is 5 feet 3 inches tall · on the 9-foot channel of the Illinois HON. HAROLD R. COLLif:R . In one depot oversea investigators Waterway. OF ILLINOIS discovered a 20-year supply of WAC (9) That taking water from Lake Michigan clothing. At another place · 70,000 sets and tr~nsferring it to· anothet watersheSquadron, 19th Bomb Group ·· Yes, I agree that religious life in America taged firms and workers similar to those which experienced the Japanese attack could haye been more effectively and ex­ proposed in my trade adjustment bill. on the Philippines in December 1941 and plicitly presented. -However, there were sw·vived. many pitfalls, including denominational This European program by and large has pressures and probably difficulties_with the met with success. The recent treaty es­ His great capacity as a leader was Soviets. It is a subtle problem, since we tablishing the European economic com­ notable · during his service in the ex­ need t.o persuade Russians of tne r~al mean­ munity has· continued . the concept. of tremely challenging duties which he has ing of religion and religious freedQm to adjustment assistance in areas affected, had here in Washington. General Fisher Americans, riot just formal worship as they by the reduction .of tra

17810 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD- HOUSE September 2 can guides and specialists have often been orii:dnal agreement for this exhibition textual material on religious life in the able to give meaningful and impressive was reached with the Soviet authorities. community. answers to religious questions asked by It is my firm conviction that some study . · 7. There w111 be ·some paintings with re­ Soviet visitors. should be given to just how much back­ ligious themes in the painting exhibit. It is of particular interest to me that bone and stamina oilr American repre­ , 8. ~he large photographic exhipit, entitled "The Family of Man," , has a considerable in his reply, Mr. Canham does confirm sentatives have in· dealing with the So­ number of photographs depicting human be­ the fact that the Russian people are viet Union. There is no question in my lief in God. obviously asking questions about re­ mind that if they yield to the Soviet 9. The Gallery of Americans, which is a ligion in America. . Union on the subject of an exhibit such special exhibit composed of photographs of I submit, Mr. Speaker, that on the as the one we are now financing in Mos­ famous Americans, will include several of basis of these two reports, the Office of cow, then I hardly think they are capa­ the national figures mentioned ln your at­ the American National Exhibition in ble of dealing with the Soviets on the tachment and will include quotations which Moscow has broken faith with me and more profound problems facing the sur­ refer to the subject of religion. the other Members of this Congr.ess. yivaJ of civilization. 10. Religious music w111 be included as I am deeply concerned that those who part of the musical programs presented in I should like to recall here that on 'both the high-fidelity area and the outside May l, 1959, the general manager of the have set up this exhibit have put their rest area. American exhibition, Mr. Harold C. greatest emphasis on the 1 material · Please accept again my appreciation of McClellan, assured me in a rather wealth of America when actually our the time and thought you have given this lengthy letter that the "pervasive in­ greatest strength as a nation lies in problem and my assurance that we shall do ftuence of religion throughout the our spiritual foundation-our freedom our best to reflect properly the religious side American society'' would be adequately of speech, our freedom of the press, our of American life. included in the exhibit. freedom of elections, our freedom of re­ Sincerely yours, ligion, our freedom of assembly. HAROLD C. McCLELLAN, · For some time prior to receipt of Mr. General Manager. McClellan's assurance, I had carried on I need not tell you how chagrined I am considerable negotiations with both Mr. that while the organizers of this exhibit McClellan and the U.S. Information could not find sufficient space to tell the Soviet people about our great religious Agency to impress on these people that Luther Burbank Monument it is my firm belief that the American freedom, they did find · sufficient re­ exhibit should show the Russian people sources to emphasize hi-fi and jazz. the real dynamics of religious freedom Mr. Speaker, I am enclosing the entire EXTENSION OF REMARKS as we know them in this country. text of Mr. McClellan's letter to me of 01' I had pointed out to Mr. McClellan May 1,1959: and his associates that the very corner­ OFFICE OF AMERICAN NATIONAL HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN stone of our freedom in' the United EXHIBITION IN MOSCOW, OF MASSACHUSETTS May 1,1959. IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES states is our deep belief in the Almighty, Hon. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI, and I had urged Mr. McClellan to pro­ House of Representatives, Washington, D.O. Wednesday, September 2, ~959 vide perhaps a special exhibit dealing DEAR MR. PuciNSKI: I acknowledge receipt Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, on Sat­ with the subject. Throughout my. dis­ of your thoughtful letter of April 24 in ref­ cussions with Mr. McClellan and nis erence to our conversation concerning tbe urday last, I was privileged to participate associates, I tried to impress the fact presentation of religion in the American Na­ in the simple, but impressive, exercises that millions of Russian people who will tional Exhibition in Moscow this summer. marking the dedication of the Luther visit this American exhibit should be I have reviewed your letter and its en­ Burbank monument at Fort Devens. closures very carefully and have discussed The exercises took place in that por­ made aware that the .very basis of our them with the policy experts on my staff and Republic is the spiritual foundation tion of Fort Devens which was once part elsewhere in the executive branch of the of the town of Lancaster, where Luther which gives us understanding and. com­ Government. It remains my best judgment passion in dealing with each other as that we should not present a separate re­ Burbank was born .and where he spent Americans. ligious eXhibit at Moscow, but rather that the early years of his life. The site of It was on the basis of my firm posi­ we -should portray the pervasive influence of his home was cleared by Army officials at tion on this subject that I received an religion throughout '!;he American society. Fort Devens and planted with sugar I recently returned from Moscow where I maples and :flowers. A 4-foot obelisk, assurance .from Mr. McClellan by letter have reviewed our plans with Ambassador which was unveiled Saturday, marks the on May 1 that "we shall do our best to Thompson, his top omcials, and our own site of the Burbank homestead. The reftect properly the religious side of exhibit staff. I believe in all sincerity that obelisk is inset with a plaque commem­ American life." we are following the proper approach. orating the site, which will be open to I submit, Mr. Speaker, that on the I should like to give you an idea of some basis of this article in the Christian Sci­ of the ways we intend to present reiigion in the public for picnicking with the per­ enee· Monitor, Mr. McClellan has not the exhibit. mission of the provost marshal at Fort 1. One of the most striking features of the Devens. kept his word, and I strongly urge that architectural exhibit wm be a set of panels that the appropriate committee of this Under leave to extend my remarks in devoted to churches and the creativity ·of the RECORD, I include the text of my ad­ Congress undertake a full investigation American .architecture in the religious tra­ to ascertain what factors came into play dition. dress at the dedication ceremonies. in omitting this very important aspect 2. The two motion pictures to be shown at The material follows: of our American life in the exhibit at the exhibit wm contain photographs of REMARKS OJ' CONGRESSMAN PHILIP J. PHILBIN Moscow. churches and people entering these churches. AT DEDICATION OF LUTHER BURBANK MEMO­ Ever since the exhibit opened, we have These two motion pictures are Circarama arid RIAL, LANCASTER, AUGUST 29, 1959 the special seven-screen documentary on It is an honor and a happy privilege for seen press reports of severe censorship American life presently under production by me to join you today in paying appropriate of the entire exhibition by Soviet o:ffi­ Charles Eames. tribute to the great Luther Burbank. cials. We have seen that our American 3. There will be religious literature at the Thanks to the wisdom and patriotism of authorities were not given a free hand in exhibition in the book, magazine, and news­ distinguished omcials of the town of Lan­ preparing the exhibit so that it would ~aper section. caster and the incomparably splendid and reflect the full meaning of freedom in 4. There will be an exhibit of university outstanding leader of our military forces of this country. Only the other day the catalogs in which· courses in religion will the Army, General Wooten, we are proud to press carried stories that American of­ appear. There will also be a certain number come here today to this hallowed spot to to of catalogs of theological schools. dedicate this beautiful, lasting memorial to ficials were compelled remove a pho­ 5. There will be a considerable number of one of history's great geniuses who first saw tograph of a hungry child in China hold­ questions in the Ramac electronic calculat­ the light of day here where we gather. ing a bowl of rice. ing machine concerning statistics and infor­ I cannot give too mucP, credit today to It was my understanding that some 13 mation on religion in American life. I cannot Lancaster town omcials and leaders, Mr. Bur­ million American dollars have been yet tell you how many questions because goyne and the board of selectmen, Rev. John they are still being prepare4 in the U.S. In- spent on this exhibit, and I think it is M. O'Brien, Mr. Griswold, Chief Ryd~r. and formation Agency. · to General Wooten and Colonel Rutledge and the duty of this Congress to find out 6. The exhibit on the American worker in others interested in this fine project, because what factors were influential when the community life will contain photographs and without their devoted interest, work, and co- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 17811 operation, today's commemoration would not It is interesting to note that the house because of his great talents, ability and high have been possible. :where Luther Bm-:bank was born, right here purpose he will undoubtedly go Tight to the It is all the more creditable, desir-able, and on this very site that we are commemorat.;. very top of his proud calling. praiseworthy that we should establish this il;}g today, a large New England style brick We ·are all greatly indebted to this great memorial because in a nation and a world home with a wooden ell was razed by the American soldier, not only for his peerless which more and more tends to fmwn upon Government when it took over this section service at Fort Devens, but also for his warm tradition and the virtues and glorious of the town to extend Fort Devens during friendship, the interest he has taken in our achievements of the past as an inspiration World War II. · community affairs, the e1rective cooperation and fitting accompaniment to present and ,Another great American benefactor, Mr. which he has always given us. future accomplishments, it is all the more Henry Ford, .had purchased the ell of the Though we all rejoice in his promotion, appropriate and helpful that we should add house some years before and removed it we are very sorry to have him leave this this historic shrine raised in honor of the to Dearborn, Mich. · district where he has made so many friends great Burbank to the many of which. Lancas­ Luther Burbank was born on the second and where he is so highly esteemed and be­ ter may boast. floor in a small room of this ell. Some loved. We hope he will return often to see My good and distinguished friends, Mrs. years ago I talked about Luther Burbank us. Esther B. MacDonald, town clerk of Lancas­ with two of his old schoolmates who long In behalf of our district, our people and ter, and Mrs. Marion Safford, gifted historian resided in our district, the brothers Fred W. . myself I wish to express to him today our of the town, in their diligence and kindness and Luther Bateman, both very prominent sincere and deep gratitude.for his many con­ have on other occasions furnished me with . and highly respected citizens. tributions, congratulations upon his ad­ comprehensive biographical information on Mr. Fred Bateman who knew Burbank vancement and very best wishes to him and the life of Luther Burbank which I was hap-' intimately and well, was a famed, success­ his family for many more happy, constructive py and proud to use in speeches on the floor ful civil engineer, who even when he was years in the service of our great Nation. of the House of Representatives, first on his 9ver 90 years of age continued to work daily May the memory and achievements of lOOth birthday and again at the time of at his profession. These good men were of Luther Burbank long continue to inspire our the Lancaster tricentennial celebration. the opinion that in,. his early years Burbank people and to nurture and develop more Luther Burbank was born in Lancaster showed great genius and was a painstak- great men from our midst to serve whole­ March 7, 1849, the son of Samuel Walton ing, resourceful experimenter. ' heartedly and unselfishly in the tasks and Burbank and Olive Ross Burbank, the 13th The American people, indeed the people the cause of peace. child in the family. His fatl;l.er was a prosper­ of the world have received lasting benefits ous farmer and a maker of brick and pottery. from the brilliant research and miraculous Frqm his mother, Luther apparently in­ achievements of Luther Burbank and we herited his love of nature, particularly his ar~ indeed honored today to pay this addi­ Exercises Commemorating and Honoring love of flowers. tional heartfelt tribute to his memory, and He attended the Pine Grove School, a typi­ express our renewed appreciation for his the Memory of Father Junipero Serra, cal New England school in the north part magnificent work in behalf of science and O.F .M., I 75th Anniversary of Lancaster. humanity. When he was 15 years of age he ·entered Luther Burbank was the product of this Lancaster Academy where he studied for proud, rugged, Lancaster environment, of EXTENSION OF REMARKS four winters, all the while making good·use hardworking people and he unquestionably OF of the excellent library which, even at such derived much of his skill and genius from an early date. the progressive and educa­ the frugal, industrious habits, willingness to HON. JOHN F. SHELLEY tional-minded people of .Lancaster· had pro­ perform hard work and tenacious purpose OF CALIFORNIA vided to incul.cate and E?ncourage learning in from his rugged New England forbears and the community. from the favorable, encouraging climate of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES From his work on the farm Luther early this distinguished and progressive town of Wednesday, September 2,1959 gained 'a practical knowledge of the life, Lancaster. characteristics and growth of plants. · It was here that he had his humble be­ Mr. SHELLEY. Mr. Speaker, there Sometime after his father's death he pur­ ginning, got his early training and drew stands in Statuary Hall here in the Na­ chased a 17-acre farm in Lunenburg where deep inspiration. tion's Capitol a statue of Father Junipero he took up the business of market gardening. It was here that the hand of destiny first Serra as one of California's distinguished It was here that this great genius first pro­ placed upon his brow the diadem of genius sons. On Friday, August 28, at 10 a.m., duced in quantity his first new plant crea­ and greatness. ceremonies commemorating the 175th tion-the Burbank potato. It was here amidst the eternal, green · According to Mrs. Safford he was a quiet, hills, fertiln valleys, and beautiful country­ anniversary of Father Serra's death were J.:eticent youth who frequently was seen side of old New England where American lib­ held in front of the statue. Present walking along the streets of the town with erty was nurtured and where its spirit still were all of the California Members of his hands folded behind his back, appar­ animates' the hearts and minds of the people, the House, California's two distinguished ently in deep thought and in a contempla­ that Luther Burbank's brilliant work found Senators, the Serra Club of Fort Belvoir, tive mood. its source and its stimulus. Va., members of the clergy, and others. He bred this new species of potato from It is for us and succeeding generations to Under leave to extend my remarks seed which he found in his garden and sold keep in mind and to perpetuate the great in the RECORD, I present herewith the his crop of seed potatoes to a marketing firm spiritual values which are represented in in Boston. and responsible for the 11lustrious career remarks made by the several speakers: In 1875 when he was about 26 years of age, of Burbank and his service to humanity­ ExERCISES COMMEMORATING AND HoNORING he sold. his farm and went to California his profound bellef in the Almighty, his rev­ THE MEMORY OF FATHER JUNIPERO SERRA, where his three older brothers resided, taking erence for free institutions and his faith in O.F.M., 175TH ANNIVERSARY, STATUARY HALL, with him the capital from the sale of the himself which led him to lasting fame and, AUGUST 28, 1959 farm and a small quantity of his newly cre- more than that, enabled him to contribute The commemoration and the laying of ated potatoes. . so mightily to the welfare and happiness of wreaths at the statue of Padre Junipero His subsequent experiments and creations people of every race, color and creed the Serra was held at Statuary Hall, U.S. Capitol, cover a very wide range and produced. revo­ world over. Washington, D.C., on Friday, August 28, 1959, lutionary changes in plant life and methods Among Burbank's most beautiful creations at 10 o'clock a.m. of cultivation in orchard, garden, field and was the Shasta daisy which the people and Dr. William T. Doran, Jr., president o! forest. the schoolchildren of. Lancaster and of his Burbank discovered new ways of choosing the Serra Club of Fort Belvoir, Va., presided. adopted home in California believe should The PRESIDING OFFICER. Ladies and gentle­ and caring for seeds, preparing the soil, become the national flower of our country. planting, disease and pest prevention. men, the ceremonies _ commemorating and It is fitting on th~s occasion that we honoring the memory of Father Junipero He created many new species of berries, should make reference to this beautiful Serra, O.F.M., on the occasion of the 175th fruits, vegetables, and flowers, amazing and flower because of all his creations it perhaps anniversary of his death will begin with unbellevable to botanists and horticultur­ best exemplifies the hardy, inconquerable ists. the invocation. This will be given by Father spirit of the great Luther Burbank. May Wf; Noel F. ~oho.ly, O.F.M., of Santa Barbara, He improved the size and quality of many of this troubled time draw courage and in­ Calif., the vice postula;tor for the cause of species. He utilized grafting to promote spiration from the homely virtues and pa­ Father Serra. Father Moholy. startling changes in garden, orchard, and triotism of Luther Burbank. May his fine forest. example and brilliant achievements long INVOCATION I could not begin to enumerate his re­ continue to inspire and guide us in the per­ 0 God in heaven above, Supre:Qle Master markable accomplishments here, but they petuatioa of freedom, justice, and peace. and Sovereign Lord, we praise Thee, we bless were epochal, monumental and of ·lasting This is probably the last occasion upon Thee, we adore Thee for Thy great glory·. value to mankind. Luther Burbank will which our distinguished fl'iend, General We beg Thee, Provident Father. of us all, to always be remembered as one of our great­ Wooten, will be offi.cially with us. He has t.urn Thy benign countenance upon this as­ est scientists and. on~ of our · greatest been promoted to a much higher post of re­ semblage honoring one of America's pioneers. Americans. sponsibility in our great Army and, in time, We beg of Thee the signs and prodigies 17812 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 2 which wlll show indisputably, to the glory The PRESIDING OFFICER. Ladies and gentle­ tribution Father Serra made to our State of Thy name, that he is a saint in heaven. men, at this time I would like to introduce and we are happy to participate in this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Your Excellency, our first speaker, the Honorable J9HN commemoration. I am proud to announce distinguished participants in the ceremony, SHELLEY, Congressman from San Francisco. that we are beginning a project for the Members of Congress from the Senate and Congressman SHELLEY. Mr. Chairman, placement of a statue of Father Serra on the House of Representatives, it is with great Your Excellency Most Reverend Bishop Han­ capitol grounds at Sacramento. The Native pride that I, as chairman, welcome you here nan, Right Reverend and Very Reverend Sons of the Golden West will cosponsor this morning on behalf of the cosponsors of Monsignori, Reverend Fathers, representa­ this project with us. We will be happy to this ceremony: the Members of Congress tives of the Governments of Spain and have assistance from other organizations or from California and the Serra Club of Fort Mexico, my colleagues in the Congress of the friends. I wish it were possible to be pres­ Belvoir, Va. It is fitting to the memory of United Sta~es and ladies and gentleman. It ent for your program, but as it is not, I am Father Serra that we acknowledge the pres­ is first my privilege to read a couple of mes­ delighted to have my daughter represent me ence here of. .our distinguished guests. sages that were addressed to my office which and the Native Daughters of the Golden Would that. time permitted to mention arrived this morning: · · · West. everyone here·. because all present represent ' AUGUST 26, 1959~ . MAXINE PORTER, prqminent and cultural groups and include: -Ho~. JOHN F. SHELLEY, . Gran~ President, NDGW . . Knights of Saint Greg.ory, Knights of Malta, ·Old House Building, · Knights of the Holy Sepulchre. It is with . Washington, D.C.: A MESSAGE FROM JOHN B. SCHMOLLE, GRAND ·sincere pride and grateful acknowledgment . It is a privilege to join with the Serra · PR~SIDENT, NATIVE SONS OF THE GOLDEN that I mention those whose presence empha­ Society on the ·occasion of the observance WEST, TO THE CALIFORNIA DELEGATION HON­ sizes the national and international recogni­ of the i 75th amiiversary of the passing of · ORING ~E 175TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE tion of California's first citizen and man of Father Junipero Serra. ·The people of San · DEATH OF FATHER JUNIPERO SERRA AT STATUE God's choosing. Representing the executive Francisco are continually aware of the tre­ OF FATHER SERRA IN STATUARY HALL, WASH• branch of our Government is Serran James mendous contribution made to this area by INGTON, D.C. O'Connell, Montclair, N.J., the Under Secre­ Father Serra. Were it not for his saintly ef­ Father Junipero Berra-apostle of Cali­ tary of Labor. Among the Congressmen is forts, San Francisco and California would fornia-left an impact on the culture of the Serran DoNALD IRWIN, U.S. Represen~ative be lacking in many of our greatest spiritual State which w1U live eternal. The simple from Connecticut. Representing Spain we assets. However, our indebtedness to Father kindliness which emanated from this man are honored to have (Spain being the place Serra exceeds even the sphere of the church of God st1U permeates the atmosphere of of Father Serra's birth), the Honorable as evidenced by the many temporal accom­ California. His development and plan of the Enrique Suarez de Puga, Secretary for Cul­ plishments justly accredited to his untiring chain of missions was done in a time and tural Affairs of the Embassy. Representing efforts. San Francisco's debt to Father Serra an era devoid of the materials and mechan­ Mexico, our sister country to the south, and and his coworkers of nearly two centuries ical knowledge ordinarily attendant and the place of Father Serra!s early missionary ago can never be fully repaid. available to structures even at that period. work, is the Honorable Juan Gallardo, GEORGE CHRISTOPHER, Charge d'Affaires, and Mr. Luis G; Aveleyra, Using the elements of nature and the also of the Embassy. Representing the Pan Mayor, San Francisco, Calif, products of the earth, coupled with the re­ American Union, is Dr. Juan Marin, Direc­ sourcefulness of a master builder, this man tor · of the Department of Cultural Affairs, . AUGUST 26, 1959. of God and his aids, drew on their store­ hous~ of knowledge to erect in the primitive Dr. Javier Malagon, and others. Dr. ~anuel The Honorable JOHN SHELLEY, Martinez of the Department of Latin-Ameri­ House of Representatives, !'ilderness of California the buildings tec­ can History of Georgetown University is rep­ Washington D.C.: ognize.d by the civilized world as suitable resenting the Spanish-American Historical It is distinct pleasure to .extend my warm­ habitations tor the purpose they were to Societies. Monsignor Magner is representing est felicitations to the California legislators serve. All of the buildings st1U stand in one Catholic University. Father Durkin is rep­ and the Serra Club of Fort Belvoir as you form or another-some in seinirepair-some resenting Georgetown University. Mr. gather to commemorate the !75th anniver­ st1U in use. All. are shrines, not only to Homer Hammond represents the National sary of the death of Father Junipero Serra. the lover of history. and the romr.ntic pe­ Council of Catholic Men; former Congress­ In keeping his cherished memory alive you' :r;iod known as the Splendid Idle Forties, but man John Costello, the Holy Name Society; do a great service to the church and to the also to the devout. Over 1 million tourists Mr. Gerald Mooney, Ancient Order of Hi­ country. May the high ideals of this zeal­ ~nnually visit the missions of California. bernians; Mr. Justin McCarthy and Mr. ous .apostle continue to inspire you and may The results of these . buildings have been Valentine Matellis, the Knights of Columbus. God abundantly bless your devoted work. reflected over the entire history of California. Father Frank Hurley represents the National Archbishop VAGNOZZI, In the architectural field the copyists refer Catholic Welfare Council. There are repre­ Apostolic Delegate to the United States. to the .lmildings. as mission style and rep­ sentatives of the various Catholic religious licas are still being built today, both for orders. Serra clubs of Serra International, commercial and residential use, by people are represented here this morning, from Cali­ AUGUST 27, 1959. who have been enamored of this gracious fornia to New Jersey, Massachusetts to Texas. Hon. JOHN F. SHELLEY, form of building. Past President Thomas Reilly of Serra Inter­ Member of Congress, This diminutive man in body had the national, is here with us. Father (brigadier House Office Building, heart, mind, and spirit of a giant and sym­ general) Walsh, U.S. Army (retired), repre­ Washington, D.c-.: bolically represents the heart of California. sents the diocese of Richmond, Va., recogniz­ . Understand you will be present at cere­ As grand president of the Native Sons of the ing California's saintly pioneer. There are monies before statue .of Junipero Serra. Golden West, it is my great privilege to .. rite greetings; two of these I will read. Would appreciate your acting as my repre­ these few words honoring him, for he was sentative and reading the following message: Hon. JoHN SHELLEY, AUGUST 26, 1959 .. a beacon and established a light that has ·It is fitting that in this year marking the House of Representatives, never failed; . the forerunner and possibly 175th anniversary of Serra's death there be a the reason for the greatest mass migration Washington, D.C.: program in his honor in the Statuary Hall of I am with you in· spirit on the occasion of the world has ever known. the Nation's Capitol. Father Junipero JOHN B. SCHMOLLE, of the commemoration in the National Capi­ Serra is truly the first of the pioneers who tol of the !75th anniversary of the death of . Grand President, Native Sons of the Padre Junipero Serra. May God grant our inaugurated the history of civilized Califor­ Golden West. Nation may soon be honored by the inscrip-. nia. He personally established 9 of the 21 tion of the name of California's founder and missions and made a host of other great AUGUST 28, 1959. apostle in the Cannon of the Saints. contributions to the future of this State. Congressman JoHN F. SHELLEY, . A. J . WILLINGER, The people ·of California owe him great and Capitol, Washington, D.C.: Bishop of Monterey. lasting honor and we appreciate the effort San Francisco Serra Club joins with you FRESNO, CALIF, m'ade by those of you· present today, on the commemorative !75th anniversary Sincerely, of the death of our beloved patron Father Hon. JOHN SHELLEY, AUGUST 26, 1959. EDMUND G. BROWN, Junipero Serra. House of Representatives, Governor of Calijo1'1tia. ALBERT E. MAGGIO, Washington, D.C.: President. Franciscan Fathers of California express sincere appreciation for commemorative ob­ AUGUST 28, 1959. ADDRESS BY CONGRESSMAN SHELLEY servance for Padre Junipero Serra on this Hon. JOHN SHELLEY, !75th year a.nd rejoice at the honor accorded House of Representatives, Ladies and gentlemen, there is a television their founder who also laid first stones of Washington, D.C.: series called "I Led Three Lives." This same culture and initiated progress which has The Native Daughters of the Golden West title is particularly applicable to the State's come to such a peak of achievement in the extend congratulations to Fort Belvoir Serra founder, Padre Junipero Serra, and is espe­ Golden State. Club for this observance honoring Junipero cially significant this year. · The year 1959 Father DAVID TEMPLE, Serra whom we revere and honor as the marks the 175th anniversary of Father Ser­ Franciscan Province of Santa BarbartJ. founder of our missions and father of Cali­ ra's death, the ·l90th anniversary of his ar­ OAKLAND, CALIF, fornia. Our order recog~izes the great con- rival in upper California; and the 210th. an- 1959 ',· CONGRESSIONAl: -RECORD-· ·~HOUSE 17813 niversary of his ·depar,ture from his .home• thority-but .ft was tile cross· wh:ich .came farming. His illiterate background portend­ land in Spain, The first 36 years of ·his life first. Imbued with Divine Spirit, charged ed no brilliant future, yet· under Franciscan Padre J_unipero Serra spent on his native with an exalted mission and sustained by an -tutelage first at San Bernardino in Petra, and island of· Mallorca. There he entered the unfaltering faith-Father Serra brought· to later at San Francisco in Palma, he ·. marri'­ Franciscan· Order in 1730.- After obtaining the Indians the civilizing message of Chris­ fested such superior native talent and such the doctorate in sacred theology, he devoted tian teachings. Here was the. solid, sound proficiency in scientific work that he was some 10 ·years to a distinguished career of foundation upon which all other building awarded the doctorate in sacred theology and teaching, even occupying a chair in the Lui­ rested. It is well to recall this simple fact held the chair of theology in the renowned Han University of St. Raymond. His ability in our day, for we too have an exalted mis­ Lullian University of St. Raymond. All as a professor was rivaled only by his popu­ sion-to hold high the banner of man's free­ that he sacrificed when he sailed for the New larity as a preacher. In 1749 Father Serra dom to protect it from all assaults from the World. While I would. not here repeat the sailed ·to the New World to become a mis­ ungodly ·and to advance it with God's grace story of his life, I would-underline his shar­ sionary. His first assignment was· in the .by an unfaltering faith in the righteousness ing of the American tradition. Although mountains, Sierra Gorda, where in some· 9 of our purposes. of poor and humble · background, he rose to years he could report that not a single un­ Congressman SHELLEY. Senator ENGLE, the international preeminence. Today three converted Indian remained in the region. junior Senator from California, was to ha~e. countries claim him either as native son or Eight more years he passed crisscrossing been here but was detained· by a debate .Qb adopted father. We Californians are justifi:. central Mexico preaching missions to the the floor-that's his job-he has to be there. ably proud to join with our MaJlorcan friends faithful. · In 1768 he was appointed padre He has very graciously sent a very charming in acclaiming 'him El . Foundador de ·dali­ presidente of the chain of missions in' lower young .lady from his office who will deliver 'fornia-the founder of California. California. The following year brought the the message of Senator ENGLE, of California. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Ladies and gen­ fulfillment of his 'he-art's desire when he SENATOR ENGLE'S ADDRESS tlemen, it is my·honor now -to present Father was designated the pioneer priest to handle Noel F... Moholoy, O.F.M., S.T.D., vice postula­ the Christianizing of upper California. Fa­ Your Excellency, reverend monsignori, tor for the cause of Padre Serra, from Santa ther Serra helped blaze the trail that is stm reverend fathers, Mr. SHELLEY, Senator Barbara, Calif. · known as El Camino Real and founded the KucHEL, Members of Congress, distinguished ADDRESS BY. REVER~ND MOHOLOY, O.F.M., S.T.D. first 9 of the missions that eventually be­ guests, ladies and gentlemen, I bring the came a chain of 21. In 1784 he concluded greetings and regrets of Senator ENGLE, WhO - Your Excellency Bishop Hannon, right his threefold career which had been lived in is now engaged in a major speech o:q. the reverend Monsignori, reverend. fathers, three countries and in three realms of ac­ Senate floor which he was obliged to make Members of Congress,_honored guests of the tivity. Today the servant of God is known at this hour; and he was especially sorry to diplomatic corps, ladies and gentlemen, un­ and revered throughout the world for his miss this beautiful ceremony this morning. able to stand or even to sit, the father now zeal and for his holiness, and tomorrow we In his name, I would like to read a few re­ 55 years old lay restless on his bed of pain. hope that the church in her wisdom and marks in tribute to Father Serra. Word spread throughout the camp quickly her prudence'"' will reward this reputation The highest honor any State can confer on that Father Junipero Serra was ill. Don with her highest honor-the canonization of a native son is to place his statue here in Gasparde Portala, the military commander of Father Serra as a saint. Statuary Hall in the Nation;s Capitol. Each the expedition, immediately went to the It is now my privllege to present my col­ State has been most careful in the selection friar's tent, appraised the situation realisti­ league from California, the senior Senator of the-individuals it has placed here. If you cally, and told the little padre. that he would from California, the Honorable THOMAS vistt the respective States, you will find make arrangements immeditaely to have him KUCHEL. the statue of their favorite son in numerous transferred to San Fernando de Bellacepa, places there. The statue of Padre Junipero the mission Serra had founded 4 days previ­ ADDRESS BY SENATOR KUCHEL Serra, accordingly, is found throughout Cali­ ously. The pain disappeared instantaneously Representative SHELLEY. Your Excellency, fornia, in public plazas and in private patios, as the little Mallor~an reacted aghast: "No. reverend clergy, members of the diplomatic before courthouses and in lush parks. If I die on the road, I'm still going to go." corps, my colleagues in the Congress, ladies Streets are named in his honor and build­ And he called the muleteer and asked him to and gentleman, these services commemorate ings are dedicated in his memory. Schools, apply the same tallow and herbs that he used the life and labors of a Franciscan friar :theaters, and a retreat house bear the name on the pack animals. The next morning whose intrepid Christian ministrations of Serra. Such honor you would more or less Junipero Serra celebrated mass and contin­ were spread through a great primitive area e~pect to find in the Golden State but you ued on to San Diego in the land of heart's before the United ·States came .into being. find a statue of the venerated Franciscan desire. Frequently in the years that fol­ Junipero Serra, Franciscan missionary from in the vestibule of St. Peter's Church in lowed Serra was to manifest the same type of Mallorca, journeyed to the North American Chicago's Loop. You see his image on the determination. When the entire colony in Continent in the 1750's, came to the city of facade of Holy Name ·College here in Wash­ the spring of 1770 was preparing to leave, to Mexico and in the late 1760's went northward ington as well as in mosaic at the new abandon California, he was on Presidio Hill; to upper California. In that northward Shrine of the Immaculate Conception. You in characteristic prayer begging that the re­ trek, both he and his courageous, faithful cannot miss his identity in the ceramic of lief ship San Antonio would arrive on time. and devoted companions, sowed in the hearts the new church of St. Francis Xavier in But already a month previously he had and in the minds of men, the seeds of a new Phoenix, Ariz., and he holds aloft the cross served his ultimatum-"Though they all go civilization under the Divine Spirit. Father from the roof of Casa de Paz Ybien in the back, I will remain here with Father Fray Serra brought with him the mission which same Valley of the Sun. His statue stands Juan (Crespi) to the bitter end." In answer meant the spread of religion in these .un­ on the tables as he presides at every meeting to his prayer, the ship arrived, and he was known lands, the presidio which meant the of Serra clubs throughout these United revealing the watchword he had manifested expansion of the political and military con­ States, and as Serra International grows, his in the farewell letter to his parents- yearj; trol of Spain, anp the pueblo (a town) which statue moves· into foreign lands. · If you before: "Always to go forward and never to meant the establishment of orderly civil travel to Mexico you will find him in the ves­ turn back." He was an enthusiast and a government. Here was a tripartite develop­ tibule of the church of San Fernando Col­ zealot. To him the magnificent bay name$} ment both secular and spiritual. The hard lege, the cradle from which California was in honor of St. Francis was a watery barrier trails which his weary feet traversed, from born. His name and reputation are held in hindering his progress for he envisioned mission to mission, alop.g the El Camino veneration throughout the land to our missions as far north as Alaska in his own Real today continues to be the wayroad along south. In Mallorca you will find his statue lifetime and commissioned expeditions to which our strong great municipalities, great in the principal plaza of his native town. go there. For 15 years he labored in the area universities, great industry, great agricul­ Throughout Spain his name is revered. And in the modern State of California working ture, and the great missions of his day­ now in the eternal city of Rome itself, the zealously planting nine of the crosses along human progress in its every latest attain­ new American Franciscan college currently El Camino Real, where weary Spaniard and ment. One hundred and seventy-five years under construction is to be known as Col­ wary Indian alike would find hospitality, ago, Father Serra departed this life. From legeo Franchiscano de Americano de Junipero nourishment for the body and heavenly food a primitive unsettled land on the Pacific Serra. Here is a true American success story. for the soUl. And it was only when tl,le shore to which he came, has developed now a The annals of our bistory feature those who Angel of Death hovered over his simple pallet majestic center of cultural and economic life have risen from poverty to riches, from ob­ that to his beloved son Carlos de Bormelo de rich in all the bounty of God's nature, our scurity to influential positions in public life. Oarmello he finally said: "I must take some magnificent State of California. While we Not a few immigrants to this country have rest.'' The West has always boasted that it honor Junipero Serra for the blessings of land~d on our shore penniless, uneducated, is a land where men are men. Father Serra and uncultured. Lifting themselves by their civilization which he left in California, we can well be said to have set the precedent. shall not forget that his was a spiritual labor. own bootstraps in this land of equal oppor­ tunity to all, they have attained prominence He rolled up his sleeves and went to work. The missions he built, the agriculture he and importance to truly amaze historian and California has accorded him her highest founded supported by irrigation systems l;>iographer alike. Padre Junipero Serra born honor by placing his statue here in Statuary which, incidentally, still excite the admira­ in the small village of Petra Mallorca, in the Hall of the Nation's capitol. The Franciscan tion of modern hydraulic engineers, were all p~rest section of that little town, his Fathers of California have been laboring for means to an end. The sword was there to humble origin might have suggested that 18 years and longer to place around that support the cross, and so was the civil au- he follow in the family simple tradition of head the halo of a saint. 17814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ._. . HOUSE Sept.emoer- 2 Congressman SHELLEY. It is my privilege Mr. Mills and Mr. Hauenstein thereupon on Wednesday, July 29,' 1959, in Anchor­ at this time, ladieS and gentlemen, to present placed a wreath at the :toot of the s ·erra ·age, Alaska, saluting civil aviation in for remarks the Honorable EuGENE J. Me~ statue. · CARTHY, U.S. Senator from Minnesota, Sena­ · The ·second . wreath will be presented for Alaska, I;>ast and present, and should be tor· MCCARTHY. the Serra Club of Fort Belvoir by Mr. Joseph of .the greatest interest to all the distin­ guished Members of this body. ADDRESS BY SENATOR M'CARTHY ; S. Hoffmann, Alexandria, Va., past president of the Serra Club of Fort Belvoir, and deputy Recognizing the active and most con­ Mr. SHELLEY, Your Excellency, Right Rev• district governor of district 19 of the Serra structive aviation role my distinguished erend and Very Reverend Monsignori, Rev­ International, and Mr. Fiori J. Tamanini, colleague has played in this, his first erend· Fathers, representatives of the diplo­ also a past president of Serra Club at Fort matic corps, of the administration, my col­ Belvoir. session as a member of the Subcommit­ leagues of the Senate, Senator KucHEL and TP,e second wreath was placed berore the tee on Aviation, Senate Interstate and Members of the House, ladies and gentlemen, Serra statue by Mr. Hoffmann and Mr. Foreign Commerce Committee, I ask friends of the cause of Father Junipero Serra. Tamanini. · . unanimous consent to have Senat~n· It is truly a privilege for me, from Min­ ·we will now call upon.Father (Lieutenant BARTLETT'S address printed in the CON­ nesota, and the u.s. Senate outside of the Colonel) Pawlowicz, post chaplain of Fort GRESSIONAL RECORD. Californians to b~ here to participate in this Belvoir and acting chaplain of the Serra There bein~ rio o~jection, the address program. I think that you of California .Club of Fort Belvoir to make one final in­ and of the Serra Club and ·the Franciscans was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, troduction before closing the ceremony with as follows: · · who have had Father Serra to themselves for · the S~rran prayer. · Father Pawlowicz. so many years, must now come to acce,pt that , . Father PAWLOWICZ. I WO~ld like at this REMARKS BY f?ENATOR E. L. (BOB) BAR'I,;LETT, throughout this country and throughou·t the time to ask all the distinguished guests to OF ALASKA, TO THE ASSOCIATION OF LoCAL world, his great work has been known and remain seated until after the ceremony. is TRANSPORT AIRLINES AT ANCHORAGE, ALASKA, his cause has many supporters as he has over and also to call upon His Excellency, the JULY 29, 1959 many followers. It may be significant that Most Reyerend Philip M. Hannan, auxiliary now that Ca:Iifornia is no longer the western I am exceedingly pleased to be here ad­ bishop of Washington, ·D.C., to present bene­ dressing you this evening, and want to thank frontier of the United States, that it is now diction after the prayer of the · Serrans. in effect the geographical center of the coun­ you for honoring me with the invitation to try, that Father Serra will be accepted too, PRAYER FOR VOCATIONS take part in your winged visit to Alaska and as standing in the center of this United 0 God who wills not the death of a sin­ to speak to you. States, and the things for which he stood ner, but rather that he be converted and My friends from the Anchorage Chamber become more widely known and more widely live, ,grant, we beseech Thee, through the of Commerce will join me, I'm sure, in ex­ accepted. It is· significant I think that he intercession of the Blessed Mary, ever vir­ pressing our State's warmest welcome to you labored in California in the same years dur­ gin, and all the saints, an increase of of the Association of Local Transport Air­ ing which men of politics labored on this laborers for Thy church, fellow laborers with . lines. eastern coast to establish the institutions Christ, to spend and consume themselves I was all the more ready to accept this and the traditions which have been the for souls, through the same Jesus Christ, invitation to be with you .of the association strength of democratic society here in the Thy Son, who liveth· and reigneth with Thee, because it was extended to .me by Col. Jo­ United States. His approach, as has been in the unity of the Holy Spirit, world with­ seph P. Adams, general counsel and execu­ said by otbers here before me, was somewhat out end. Amen. tive director of this splendid aviation group. different. His emphasis ·was on the · cross Bishop HANNAN. I think i.t 1s ;fitting on an I count it a privilege to name Joe Adams and on the things of the spirit but his labors occasion like this to ·recite the prayer of as a friend. Joe has a way of getting around were not r,estricted to that field, because he St. Francis, a prayer which certainly epito­ on Capitol Hill and in the executive de­ knew, as well or better than any man, along mizes the life of Father Serra. In the name partments of Government which is just· as with the things of the spirit, it was needed .of the Father, and of the Son and of the effective as it is proper. Come to think of to have political order and economic and Holy Gho ~ t. Amen. it, I wonder if all these local airlines would social order. So, dedicated to the cr6ss and PRAYER · be in existence U: it were .not for Joe Adams. things of the spirit, he built these other Lord make me an instrument of Thy As a member of the Civil Aeronautics Board, institutions as men of politics establishing who served the public interests faithfully this United States sought to build political peace; where there is hatred, let me sow love; where there is injury, pardon; where and well, Joe insisted that the little ;fellow institutions and economic and social insti­ get a break. He prevailed. There were many tutions which would establish 'the means there is doubt, faith; where there is despair, hope; where there is darkness, light; and times, I know, when it·would have been eas­ and conditions ou~ of which spiritual perfec­ where there is sadness, joy. ier for him to give up, and jettison his cargo, tion might be achieved. So let me congratu­ to lower his landing gear and set down in late you, the friends of Father Serra, Cali­ 0 Divine Master, grant that I may not so much seek to be consoled as to console; the face of the v,ery formidable opposition fornians, members of the Serra Club, and which confronted him. But Joe is not that particularly the Franciscan Order and to ex­ to be understood, as to understand; to be loved, as to love; for it is in giving that we kind of a man. He persevered, and won out. press my hope that his particular cause, the The public won at.the same time. cause of his canonization, may prosper, but receive, it is in pardoning that we are par­ doned, and it is in dying that we are born We Alaskans feel we have an important along with that, and more importa:Q.t, the to eternal.life. stake in your association. After all, 5 of cause which P,e so well advanced in his own The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the distin­ the local service airlines that are lifelines time will prosper even more. guished and honqred guests piease remain in our farfiung State form. a rather substan­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. We of Serra and for the press and the photographers. The tial part of your membership of 16 com­ California, thank you Mr. McCARTHY for your ceremony is ended. panies. We remember, too, that you had the .remarks. Mr. Hubert Kelly, chairman of the courtesy, when you first organized in 1957, . special events committee, Serra Club of Fort to reflect Alaska in your origii,lal name-the Belvoir, will present the wreath laying cere- Association of Local' and Territorial Air­ monies. · · Alaska's Air .Transport lines. And I can well imagine that you Mr. HUBERT KELLY. Thank you Dr. Doran. were almost as pleased as we when the march I shall first call upon Father Clebus Wheeler, of American, history caused you to change EXTENSION OF REMARKS that name by dropping the territorial ref­ Minister-Provincial of the Franciscan Order erence. of Friars Minor to bless· the floral offerings OF For many -long years "statehood" .. was a that we are about to pr~sent. Father Wheeler. HON. A. S. MIKE MONRONEY word tlia.t had a bitter flavor for us. Now OF OKLAHOMA it tastes deliciously sweet as it rolls off our BLESSING tongues. I understand that statehood has we· ask of our Heavenly Father that He IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES been sweetening the baHmce sheets of the speed the cause of Father Serra, that He Wednesday, September 2,1959 local service airlines in Alaska and Hawaii, bless these wreaths we are · about to put too, by. booming the business and tourist on the foot of his statue and that He bless Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, my traffic. For the benefit of any Civil Aero­ us in the name of the Father, of the Son distinguished colleague, the senior Sena- nautics Board auditors who may be within and of the Holy Spirit. 'Amen. ·tor E. L. (BOB) BARTLETT, of Alaska, re­ earshot, let it be stated that this comes to Mr. HUBERT KELLY. The 'first wreath will cently participated in a most important me strictly as rumor. I haven't examined be presented for Serra International by Mr. meeting of short-haul airline operators a single account sheet. · And I hope this Peter A. MUls,_Knight of St. Gregory, Pitts-. in a twin city Alaskan appearance in effect extends to your members in what to we've taken to calling "the other 48 States" burgh, Pa., the permanent chairman of the Anchorage and Fairbanks, July 28 by picking up the pace of their traffic. Father Serra Spiritual Observance Day, ·and July 31. · past trustee of Serra International, and by It is my fond belief that we have had This meeting of the Association of only the first taste of the benefits of Alaska Mr. Ralph Hauenstein of Grand Rap,ids, Local Transport Airlines featured an and Hawaii statehood, and that your palates Mich., first vice president of Serr~ Inter­ address delivered by our distinguished natiqn_al. and ours ·will be more and more deligh.ted. committee member, Senator ;BARTLETT, as we grow in the coming years. . 1959 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD ·-. _ HOUSE 17815 Now, having welcomed you on Alaska's means of transportation. Then, too, our tion. This came about when Don Sheldon behalf, I want to do a turnabout and- join people have ·always been eager. to be linked of Talkeetna .was presented with the· Special those of you from outside in saluting our as closely as possible· wrth the rest of the Service Award by General N ecresop. This is hostS-Alaska Airlines; Northern Consoli­ United States, which helps explain · why the highest award given a civilian by the Air dated-Airlines, Reeve Aleutian Airways, and we're · the fl.yingest, airmailingest people Force. · Wien Alaska Airlines. anywhere. · No doubt you have heard Anchorage re­ The labors of our intrepid bush pilots gave .. How about airports? The State division of ferred to as the air crossroads of the world . birth to these airlines. And their· history, airports estimates that Alaska has about 600 Lest you think our chamber of commerce for high drama, is unexcelled anywhere. landing areas of all categories. Gene Rogu­ friends are overstating their c,ase, let me Some of you may recall that one of these szka, director of aviation, recently sent me note that in calendar 1958 the FAA towers airline founders, Bob Reeve, was· my rival in a very handy Alaska airport directory. It at International Airport, Merrill Field, and a .. delegate election a few years · ago. If lists more than 300 airstrips and seaplane Lake Hood controlled a total of 406,701. air­ things had turned out a bit differently, your landing areas, and provides maps of most of craft movements. This was only a few thou­ speaker tonight· might well be one far better them. sand les$ than at the busiest single airport qualified on the subject of Alaska aviation. The 1959 national airport plan issued by in the Nation-Midway at Chicago. . But I can speak with a ·good deal of ex­ the Federal Aviation Agency includes 270 Our international airports at Anchorage perience . as a passenger. · Having been a Alaska air ·commerce airports-4 of them and Fairbanks are in superb locations astride patron of your four host companies during intercontinental, 9 continental, 68 trunk, 111 the aerial rout~s . from the Eastern United the travels involved in eight campaigns plus local, and 78 seaplane facilities. Also in­ States to the Far East, and from the Western a lifetime of residence in Alaska, I can truly cluded in the plan are 64 general aviation United States to Eux:ope, over the pole. I say that I know them well, and I hold them airports. think the day is approaching when-if with in the highest respect. Aircraft? Alaska's owned total of active God's help the peace is kept-other Asia air Even so, a speaker is bound to gulp a few registered aircraft was 1,179 as of.last Jan­ centers, in China and the Soviet Union, will times when he gets upon his feet to talk uary 1. In this measurement we were not, be reached by flights from Alaska. But even about aviation to a group of aviation ex­ as you might expect, close to such sparsely if Peiping, Moscow, and Irkutsk do not go up perts. But a politician is never noted for settled Western States as New Mexico, Wyo­ on our destination boards, w~ can neverthe­ his lack of temerity and so I prepare to take ming, and the like-but rather to more pop­ less look a~ead to_great growth in our inter­ the plunge. Not earthward, however. We ulous States like Oregon and Louisiana. To national tratllc. are on a higher level tonight. Even as a lay­ put it another way, Alaska has 1 aircraft While our intercontinental . air trafllc is man, I can and will make a brag. In about for every 180 residents, which is unqu.estion­ sj.gn~ficant today and has great future po­ 35 years of flying, most of it within Alaska ably the highest ratio in the United States. t~ntial, intra-Alaska trafllc is even more and starting in the very early days of avia­ Of these 1,179 aircraft, 56 were, under the striking in relation to national figures. FAA tion, I have never had a forced landing. And new FAA classification, listed as scheduled records show that some 66,500 landings were I attribute this remarkable record less to my and irregular air carriers. However, some made last year at the 28 intermediate air­ own luck than to the splendid skill of the of our carriers are in the next 2 cate- . fields in Alaska. That figure is higher than Alaska aviators who have manned the Alaska gories-among the 64 multiengine planes and the total of landings made at the 74 inter­ s).des from then until now. 420 postwar 4- and 5-place single engine mediate fields elsewhere in the United States. Happily, one does not have to be a flyer planes listed under "general aviation." Air carriers accounted for more than one­ himself to make reference to Alaska's air,­ Finally, in the "all other" category, we have third of these landings, which testifies to the mindedness, air. tratllc, airports, aircraft and 639 more aircraft. vigor of our local service airlines. aviators. At the same time, we had 2,877 active . These airlines offer plane-window vistas Will· anyone x:tse to challenge the state­ pilots, or about , 1 Alaskan out of every of scenery as awe inspiring as any on the ment that A-laskans are . the most airminded · 75. A number of others who once were face of the globe. They offer, too, unique people in the world?_ I don't think s~at licensed no longer are on the active list. r.ecreational tours-to the Arctic, to the leM._t ~pt successfully. There has been a lot of talk lately about re­ Pribilof Islands in the fur seal mating sea­ Tonight we are ·dealing a~most solely with tiring pilots at the age of 60, or thereabouts. son, to Katmai National Monument for un­ facts, ·and very· ltttle if at· all with fiction. This reminds me -that I am now engaged matched trout fishing, and to the national You nave no- choice in the matter. . I am in a research operation aimed at discovering park at America's highest peak, Mount Mc­ on .my feet in firm, if temporary, control and whether A. A. Bennett is still in the land ~inley. you may escape a barrage .. of facts only by of the living. If he is, you may be sure .. Congress and the Federal Government have departing the ·room. ·First, I hand to you that he is ·still flying at an age not exactly for years recognized the importance of avia­ one which defies a.na~ysis, which is simply known to me but surely such that he would tion to Alaska. But our Territorial status in,~redible, which nonetheless has its veracity consider a pilot of 60 a mere youngster. and our lack of voting representation have attested to by the Civil Aeronautics Board. From Fairbanks, where he was one of the tended to hold back full development of our It is that certified Alaska air carriers last organizers of the Bennett-Rodebaugh Air­ airports and related facilities. year carried 409 passengers _per thousand plane Co., A. A. Bennett went down to Idaho. In 1948 Congress authorized Federal con­ population. This was more than 22. times He had his commercial license renewed there struction and operation of completely new the u.s. average .Qf 18 passengers per thou­ in 1957 but as yet my research organization international airports at Anchor'age and Fair­ sand. Let this be a goal for t~e 11 non­ has not· advanced beyond that point. Ben­ banks. The initial appropriation of $13 mil­ Alaska members of the Associatj.on of Local nett was one of the fabulous characters of lion was raised to $17 million 2 years later. Transport Airiines. early-day Alaska aviation. He steadfastly Anchorage 'International Airport received - Alaska is the smallest State Jn population, refused to go in for such a modern Con­ trivance as a cabin airplane. Forced finally the lion's share of the money and was some­ making up. only twelve one-h_undredths of 1 to give in by the stress of economic competi­ what more adequately .planned and built percent of the U.S. total. But in proportion tion, Bennett persuaded the Zenith people than Fair~anks International. . Today both to this _population, her air commerce trafllc to build him a special plane with a cabin t;tlese airpor~ urgently need runway ex .te~­ pattern is fa11tastic. for the passengers · up forward and open sions to meet the de:rnands of the jet age. In 1958, Alaska aircraft departures totaled cockpit for the flyer way back aft. Bennett The coming of statehood altered our air­ almost 88,000, equal to 2.8 percent of the was not adverse to telling anyone, most par­ port situation and presented problems to U.S. domestic total-or 23 times what the ticularly his passengers, the reason for this. which the Alaska delegation in Congress and population proportion would lead you to He adp1itted that airplanes fell down ·once the State government have devoted major expect. The number of passengers boarded in a while out of the sky and hit the hard, attention. was about 320,600, equal to seventy-four one­ hard earth and he did not propose to be In recommending provisions for the Alaska hundredths of 1 percent of the domestic right on top of tJ:ie eng,ine when and if this omnibus bill this year, the Eisenhower ad­ total-or six times what you would expect. occurred. Let the pasSengers bear the brunt ministration proposed to get Uncle Sam out Tons of cargo totaled more than 10,000, equal of this while he took charge from the rear, of the international airport business in to 2.3 percent of ~he domestic total-or 19 Bennett said. Alaska by giving the Anchorage and Fair­ times what. you would expect. Tons of air­ And he had the clearest blue eyes ever banks Airports to the State without .charge. mail was the greatest of all: 7,192 tons, equal possessed by man. It was this oldtimer's The omnibus bill-now enacted into law­ to 4.8 percent of the domes~ic total-or 40 persistent insistence that his_ eyesight was also provided transitional grants of $281f2 . times the population proportion. When we perfect because when flying he took off his million during the 5 fiscal years, beginning say "send it airmail," as so many of our goggles and stuck his head out of the cock­ with the current one. Of these transitional firms do on their business letterheads, we pit. He said the gale into which he then grants, it was understood $41f2 .million should really mean it. faced toned up his optic muscles; and did be applied to capital improvements at the Of course there are sound reasons fpr our everything except erase original sin. But I international airports. airmindedness. We are short of -highway must. guard' myself for it is easy to start However, the extensions at Anchorage and and railroad. mileage. The operation of reminiscing aliout . an extraordinary b'reed Fairbanks were estimated at a cost of some ocean and river vessels is seaso.nal in many of men-the early-day Alaska pilots. . $9,800,000. So it became obvious that Alaska areas, while on the other hand our flying A significant illustration occurred right would have to get more than the flat sum of weather· 'in .many regions .is .best in winter. here· in An.'chorage last week,· revealing ·that $1,350,000 a year it received in recent years Ip. vast parts of Alaska the local service air­ today's men of wings are in tune· in every under the Federal airports program if the line or tp.e ~ush aircr~ft is the only practical way with those who started Alaska's avia- improvements were to be made. 17816 ' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·- -HOUSE September 2 Under the old Airport Act, Alaska was Budget and a group of his people. It was and to. assure the co'l,mtry that . the airport of course treated as a Territory. It did not then that the hopelessness of expecting a program would not expire completely. I share funds on the basis of a land area and worthwhile amendment to the Airport Act think that you will all recall that the Presi­ population formula, as the other States did. became apparent. If I may give myself a dent vetoed a new airport program in 1958. Nor was Alaska eligible to receive any of measure .of credit it was about that time that I look forward to passage of a much better the $15-m111ion,;,a-year discretionary fund I came to the conclusion that the most we and more comprehensive program under the ­ which could be allocated by the program ad­ could hope for-and the very vital most it new administration that will take oftlce in ministrator to the most important projects, could turn out to be-would be to amend 1961. One point of that program must be wherever they might be. But the Territory the law so as to permit Alaska to share in treatment of Alaska and Hawaii on an equal did have one advantage in the old law. It the discretionary funds allotted to the Ad­ footing with the other 48 States. was required to match funds on a 3-Federal ministrator of the Federal Aviation Agency. Senator GRUENING, Representative RIVERS, dollars-to-1-Territorial-dollar basis, instead Following the meeting with the Bureau of and I were pleased to have been able to help of the split of about 2 Federal dollars to 1 the Budget the members of the Alaska con­ our- State government- work out arrange­ State dollar for public lands States. gressional delegation had another meeting ments for the change of hands of the two Early in this session, the Senate passed with Deputy FAA Administrator James T. international airports. This change should a new airport bill. It would have boosted Pyle, and members of his staff. Whether it be completed in the next year. In the mean­ the available funds considerably, but would was by coincidence or whether in the cir­ time, the FAA will operate the airports as have continued to treat Alaska-and cumstances it was the only decision that the agent of the State. Hawaii--on a basis similar to that in the old could be made, they and I about simultane­ In addition, the smaller intermediate air­ law as far as matching and eligibility were ously at this meeting put the stamp of en­ ports held by the FAA are to be transferred concerned. dorsement on a sharing in the discretionary to the State gradually. The House of Representatives, however, fund. When these transitions are completed, the took a quite different approach to the air­ , The Administrator's views were not long State of Alaska will be operating one of the port bill. The House cut back the proposed after communicated to the Senate Interstate most extensive and busiest airport systems expenditures in relation to the Senate ver­ and Foreign Commerce Committee when Jim in the country. It will stUl need plenty of sion, but on the other hand it proposed to Pyle said in part: improvement in the future. We in COn­ treat Alaska on the same basis as other "If the amendment which I recommended gress will do our best to see that it is as States. is adopted, Alaska will receive money to meet adequately supported by Federal grants as The House, while it was more modest than its urgent needs out of the discretionary any other State's. the Senate, still favored a higher level pro­ fund. The Administrator w111 be in a posi­ When two-motored aircraft first came into gra~ than the old one. But the adminis­ tion to insure that such money is used to use in Alaska, Alaska pilots first went into tration wanted to phase out the entire air­ meet these needs, and he will also require uniform. I can remember ever so vividly port program gradually. So the battle of that Alaska be treated like other f.. tates in those great big, marvelous Lockheed Electras, the budget soon was raging around the air- · matching the Federal funds advanced. which must have carried 12 or 14 passengers port issue. Alaska will also retain the advantage of hav­ and which opened up an entirely new era in Senate· and House conferees could not · ing its share of project costs financed out of Alaska aviation. The pilots denounced the agree on either one of the bills passed, nor · the $1,350,000 already authorized remain at uniforms they were required to wear with an on a · compromise somewhere in between. As 25 percent." understanding and ability to use the lan­ their discussions wore on, tempers grew Mr. Pyle's statement about matching any guage comparable to that of a cowpuncher more and more brittle. The upshot was discretionary funds granted means Alaska trying to lasso a balky steer. But I always that, under the pressure of a June 30 dead­ must put up 37~ percent to Uncle Sam's thought that secretly they were proud and line, the conferees finally recommended a 67~ percent. But on the basic allocation pleased as could be. Those were the days simple 2-year extension of the old $63- Alaska will continue to match one-quarter when on landing the pa-ssengers were told million-dollar-a-year program. Both Houses to the Federal Government's three-quarters. to remain in their seats until the pilot and reluctantly accepted this recommendation. The amendment recommended by the FAA copilot had made leisurely and grand exit­ This meant Alaska would get only $1,- was accepted by the Senate committee which from the plane. - 350,000 and still would be treated as a Ter- · unanimously reported the bill. The bill Today it is otherwise. But the aura of ritory, When this decision was reached in was then passed by the Senate last week. I romance, of accomplishment, of derring-do, conference it was simply impossible there­ have talked with Chairman HARRIS o: the of pioneering, of adventuring in the far after to make any changes referring to· corresponding House ·committee and urged places, still surrounds the Alaska aviator. Alaska especially, or to make any changes at prompt action on the bill there. I am hope­ They are successors to those elder giants of all in any part of the program. ful that it will be granted, and that afllrma­ the Yukon of the gold stampede days. The inadequate treatment of Alaska was tive action will be taken. Romance, mystery, physical daring and' so flagrant that the President called for its Does this mean that substantial grants wlll hardihood-all of these are elements that go correction when he signed the Airport Act be made from the discretionary fund to into the makeup of the true pioneer, extension. Alaska in the next 2 years? Not at all. It wherever he is found at whatever time in Next, the Alaska delegation introduced an means that Alaska will have a chance, to­ history. For example, I cannot think of amending bill. It would have boosted our gether with every other State, to request Ray Peterson as the president of a successful State's share of the airport funds by adding such funds. But I am confident that the airline which is a constituent member of the money to be distributed under the overall high urgency of the need for runway ex­ Association of Local Transport Airlines, so formula and by making Alaska eligible to tensions here at Anchorage and at Fairbanks, much as a helmet-and-goggle flyer in the- share on the same basis as other States. plus other airport needs in Alaska, are recog­ perfect days of long ago. · However, as more pencils were brought into nized by the FAA and wm receive appro­ So I would conclude here by saluting a use to do the necessary calculations, it be­ priate consideration from that agency of the brave race of men who have carved their came apparent thl:l-t around $11 million in Federal Government. In this connection, I place . in -Alaska history and whose exploits additional funds would have to be author­ cannot speak too highly of the splendid and vision have opened up for us-for all ized by amendatory legislation if Alaska cooperation which has and is being given Americans-the vastness of the Alaska skies were to receive that which it would be en­ to us in the Federal Aviation Agency from and the treasures of land and ocean that lie titled to as a State without any of the other General Quesada and Jim Pyle on down. beneath. States suffering cutbacks, which they were· Uniformly, they · have been understanding, not at all w111ing to accept. We were told helpful and possessed of a vigor and will to very frankly that an effort to add any such advance the cause of Alaska aviation. sum would, if successful, confront a Presi­ Taking a look back, you may be interested Congressman Dollinger' a Annual Report dential veto. to know that from the 1947 fiscal year Obviously, there was no point then in en­ through fiscal year 1959, $7,284,904 had been gaging in legislative exercises in the Con­ made available as Federal allocations to EXTENSION OF REMARKS gress for the fun of it. And, very factually, ­ Alaska. With this money 38 projects have OF I must add that I think that neither the been physically and financially completed, House nor the Senate would have accepted 12 are physically completed but awaiting -HON. ISIDORE DOLLINGER a bill adding to the total airport sum by financial payment from the -Federal Gov­ OF NEW YORK about $11 million. When the conferees de­ ernment, 19 are now under construction and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cided, and the two Houses accepted the pro­ should be completed before October this posal for a simple _extension of the existing year and 13 are programed for construction. Wednesday, September 2,1959 act there was no likelihood that any sub­ But even if the discretionary fund amend­ Mr. DOLLINGER. Mr. Speaker, this stantial amendment would thereafter be ment becomes law, we shall be operating ­ accepted. under a jerry-bunt stopgap arrangement. is my 11th annual report to my -con­ What to do, then? The members of the The airport program which was extended .to stituents; I have sent them an annual Alaska congressional delegation considered mid-1961 is by no means a wholly ade-. report every year since coming to Con­ this as a proposition of the greatest urgency ­ quate program to meet the Nation's jet age' gress. This report will be a resume of and importance. We held meetings with needs. It is a program that was veto proofed my aims and efforts in behalf of the the Deputy Director of the Bureau of the to meet most of the President's objections people I represent; as·well as a summing 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 17817 up of the work of the 1st session of the of our people are merely ·existing; they tory, unfair, and undemocratic. Under 86th Congress. I have enjoyed repre­ live in substandard conditions because our proposal there will be no discrimi­ senting the fine people of my district, they are underpaid and because high nation based on national origin or race, and have considered it a privilege to living costs and high taxes make it im­ no classification of U.S. citizens into two strive for legislation beneficial to them possible to provide their families and categories, native born and naturalized. as well as fo-r the best interests of our themselves with barest necessities. There will be no additional grounds for country. CIVIL RIGHTS loss of U.S. citizenship by naturalized This Congress has accomplished a Hope for passage of an effective civil citizens except those that apply to na­ great amount of work, when we con­ rights bill at the present session of tive-born citizens. Many other neces­ sider the overwhelming volume of busi­ Congress grows dimmer; this is a severe sary provisions are also included. · ness before it, the defense of our Nation blow to all who recognize the great need I hoped that, in view of the fact that being of primary concern. Vital do­ for such legislation. The 1957 civil the United States joined with other free mestic issues had to be considered as rights right-to-vote bill is virtually in­ countries in the United Nations in spon­ well as the Mutual Security Act, which effective; it needs teeth. Unless the soring a proposal for a World Refugee fortifies our. position with friendly na­ Civil Rights Commission is given some Year, and inasmuch as our attention was tions and enables them to gain economic real power, Negroes will go into the 1960 directed toward those unfortunates so strength and protect themselves against elections as voteless as ever. The Pres­ desperately in need of a homeland, Con­ aggressors. ident wants the Commission extended gress would pass legislation liberalizing In addition, we have had to grapple for 2 more years. This amounts to only our immigration laws. However, that with the many crises engendered by the a token gesture on his part, when we hope has been dashed also, and we con­ Soviet menace and the continuing cold consider that he has yet to make an tinue to shirk our duty toward mankind war, as well as the explosive situations earnest plea for strong civil rights leg­ while other nations, less able to sacrifice prevalent in many corners of the earth. islation. The Republicans are respon­ than ours, are opening their hearts and Israel's position remains untenable and sible for failure to vote a civil rights bill doors to the unfortunate, the homeless, insecure regardless of the tremendous out of committee; if the Republicans the innocent victims of wars and oppres­ sacrifices of her people, their ability and were sincere in their campaign promises sion. industry, for her enemies still threaten regarding civil rights, Members of Con­ FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION to destroy her. I have lost no opportu­ gress would have had the opportunity to Democrats are rightfully proud of nity to urge that she be given all possible vote on a good bill long before this, but their sincere efforts and great accom­ aid, for Israel is our bastion of de­ so far, the Republican members of the plishments. Their aim has always been mocracy in the Middle East; she is our committee in charge have withheld to afford the help which the people need. friend and ally; she deserves all that we their support. The Attorney General By contrast, we find the Republicans still can do to help her. must have authority to seek Federal indulging in their deceitful promises and LABOR court injunctions to enforce school de­ then sabotaging or ignoring the legisla­ This country's millions of workers segregation and civil rights generally, tion which would provide for the very await with great anxiety the final pro­ and legislation to give him such author­ benefits they advocate by word only. As visions of the highly controversial labor. ity should be given priority. witness the deplorable plight of our pub­ bill. At this writing, we do not know I have introduced strong civil rights lic school system. The administration· what the law will provide, as the Sen­ bills to end the unconscionable discrim­ has, as usual, called attention to the ate and House bills are in conference. ination, harassment, intimidation, and desperate conditions, but has made no We do know that as usual, Republicans other human indecencies which are be­ effectual moves to correct those con­ favored management, and they, together ing inflicted upon a vast segment of ditions. There is a shortage now of with the southern bloc, succeeded. in our population. We cannot claim to about 140,000 classrooms throughout the passing the Landrum-Griffin bill in the have true democracy in our country, United States. There is a great short­ House. This has been labeled a bill equality of men, equality of opportu­ age of teachers. The administration is which would "kill" the union move­ nity, freedom as guaranteed by our Con­ primarily to blame that this grave prob­ ment; it has been charged that it was stitution, until every vestige of discrim­ lem has once again been swept under the "probably 'authored by representatives ination because of race, color, or re­ rug and that about 10 million American of the National Association of Manufac­ ligion is abolished. children are doomed to overcrowded and turers." It has ·also been charged that HOUSING obsolescent classrooms in the richest Na­ a deal was made between Republicans The President's veto of the first hous­ tion on earth. and certain southern Democrats-that ing bill passed during the present ses­ SOCIAL SECURITY, PROBLEMS OF THE AGED, AND t-he Republicans would stymie action on sion of Congress came as a great shock OTHER IMPORTANT LEGISLATION civil-rights legislation in return for to me. In my opinion, his action was I have been happy to support legis_. southern votes in favor of the Repub­ not only ill advised but was unconscion­ lation liberalizing benefits under the So­ lican-sponsored Landrum-Griffin bill. able, when we consider that countless cial Security Act and have introduced I voted against this bill, the effect of Americans now merely exist in sub­ bills to provide further benefits. Among which would throw the weight of the standard dwellings, and that they must the latter are bills to remove the lim­ Federal Government on the side of man­ rely on the help of the Federal Govern­ itation upon the amount of outside in­ agement and would inflict punishment ment for public housing. come which an individual may earn on the millions of honest, law-abiding We have now passed a second housing while receiving benefits under the act; to men and women who belong to unions. bill and it is to be hoped that it will be­ provide that full benefits thereunder, I favored a strong and constructive la­ come law. The bill provides for urban when based upon the attainment of re­ bor reform bill, which would protect renewal grants; 37,000 additional public tirement age, will be payable to men at union members and end abuses; I shall housing units, loan programs for con­ age 60 and to women at age 55; and to continue to fight against any labor bill struction of college classrooms and dor­ eliminate the requirement. that an in­ which is punitive, which penalizes in­ mitories, and . housing for elderly per­ dividual must have attained the age of nocent workers, and which would de­ sons. This represents a constructive 50 in order to become entitled to dis­ prive lab()r ·of any of its hard-won bat­ and vitally needed program, but it only ability insurance benefits. tles and advances. I hope that we shall begins to meet the minimum standards I also introduced a bill to provide in­ have the opportunity to consider a final we should set for American living. surance against the costs of hospital, bill which will provide union members IMMIGRATION nursing home, and surgical service for with all necessary safeguards and which persons eligible for old-age and sur­ will not tip the Taft-Hartley . scales I, with other members of the New vivors insurance benefits. The protec­ still more in_ favor of employers and York Democratic delegation, introduced tion offered by this bill is vitally needed against workers. an Immigration and Citizenship Act to by those many thousands of our older For many years, I have introduced supersede the present Immigration and people who now cannot afford necessary bills to increase the minimum hourly Nationality Act, known as the McCar­ medical, nursing, or hospital care; they wage from $1 to $1.25. I urged action ran-Walter ·Act. It,has long been recog­ cannot obtain or afford private insur­ on my bill, pointipg out that millions nized that the present law is discrimina- ance and they cannot meet the expense 17818 CONGRESSIONAL'" RECORD-- SENATE September 3. of illness. Costs of such ca-re ·continue bene:fiulal to thein. ·I am gratified that my part regarding the designation of to rise, and the Federal Gov~rnment the liberalized veterans' pension bill, re­ Saint Ann's churchyard. Last year, t must act to protect all those who are in cently passed, has-been signed into law. thought my· work was :filiished when the dire need of such assistance. I voted for the Federal employee health House passed the bill, but it was defeated Older workers and their problems have program bill and am pleased that it in the Senate committee. I renewed my continued to receive my attention, and I passed. I trust it will be signed into efforts again this year; it again passed reintroduced my resolution which would law. This will enable Federal employ­ the House, and at this moment the bill end existing bias against the hiring of ees to ·purchase protection . at a cost is once more ·bottled up in the Senate older workers, and which would assist which is within their means, from the committee. I can only hope that the them iil maintaining their rightful and unanticipated and oppressive costs of Senate will take favorable action. dignified place as useful members of medical care, as well as the often crush­ CONCLUSION ing expense of so-called catastrophic ill_. society. Space limitation prevents my discuss­ I have introduced bills to lighten the ness or serious inJury. The bill is de­ ing all the subjects important to my' taxload; to repeal excise taxes; to grant signed to close the gap which now exists additional income tax exemptions to and bring the Government abreast of ~onstituents. I hope the foregoing will those supporting a dependent who is most private employers who have for show, to some extent, what I have en­ permanently handicapped; to those re­ many years been establishing and oper­ deavored to accomplish and what the ceiving retirement annuities or pensions;. ating contributory health benefit pro­ 86th Congress has done so far. to those who are physically handicapped; grams for their employees. _- My congressi-onal office at 938 Simp-­ to increase the personal income tax ex­ I was happy to procure passage of my son Street is open daily, and my con-· emption of taxpayers. bill in the House to provide for the hon­ stituents are welcome to call there and Veterans deserve all possible assist­ orary designation of Saint Ann's discuss matters of interest to them. I ~;~,nce, and I have been happy to support churchyard in the city Qf New York as am always pleased to see them, to re-: legislation in their behalf at every op­ a national historic site. This culmi­ ceive their letters, and to do all I can. portunity, as well as to int.roduce bills nated 11 years of u~relenting wo~k on to be helpful.

Mr. KENNEDY, on September 2, 1959, S. 2021. An act for the relief of Irene SENATE submitted the report of the committee of Milios; conference on the disagreeing votes of s. 2027. An act for the relief of William THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1959 James Harkins and Thomas Lloyd Harkins; the two Houses on the amendment of S. 2050. An act :for the relief of Leokadia: