DOCSLIB.ORG

O Gênero Partamona Schwarz, 1939 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
O Gênero Partamona Schwarz, 1939 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)1 Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 47(Supl.Meliponini 1): 1-117 neotropicais: o gênero Partamona Schwarz 31.III.20031 Meliponini neotropicais: o gênero Partamona Schwarz, 1939 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)1 Silvia R. M. Pedro2 João M. F. Camargo2,3 ABSTRACT. Neotropical Meliponini: the genus Partamona Schwarz, 1939 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). The systematics and biogeography of Partamona Schwarz, a Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Meliponini, Apinae, Apidae), are revised. Seventeen new species are described: P. epiphytophila sp. nov., P. subtilis sp. nov., P. nhambiquara sp. nov., P. batesi sp. nov., P. yungarum sp. nov., P. vitae sp. nov., P. ferreirai sp. nov., P. gregaria sp. nov., P. auripennis sp. nov., P. nigrilabris sp. nov., P. combinata sp. nov., P. chapadicola sp. nov., P. seridoensis sp. nov., P. littoralis sp. nov., P. criptica sp. nov., P. rustica sp. nov. and P. sooretamae sp. nov. Partamona pseudomusarum Camargo, 1980, is considered as junior synonym of P. vicina Camargo, 1980. Types of P. grandipennis (Schwarz, 1951), P. xanthogastra Pedro & Camargo, 1996-1997, P. pearsoni (Schwarz, 1938), P. ailyae Camargo, 1980, P. pseudomusarum, P. vicina, P. mulata Moure in Camargo, 1980, P. aequatoriana Camargo, 1980, P. mourei Camargo, 1980, P. peckolti, (Friese, 1901), P. testacea (Klug, 1807), P. helleri (Friese, 1900) and P. musarum (Cockerell, 1917) were examined. Lectotypes of P. orizabaensis (Strand, 1919), and P. cupira (Smith, 1863) are designated. An identification key for the species and drawings of morphological characters are presented. A phylogenetic hypothesis, based mainly on morphological characters is proposed. Four groups are defined, considering the shape of mandible of workers and sternum VII of males: bilineata / epiphytophila group (western Amazon to México), including P. bilineata (Say), P. grandipennis, P. xanthogastra P. orizabaensis P. peckolti P. epiphytophila sp. nov., P. subtilis sp. nov., P. nhambiquara sp. nov., P. batesi sp. nov., P. yungarum sp. nov. and P. vitae sp. nov.; musarum group (Central Brazil, north of South America to Central America), including P. musarum, P. aequatoriana, P. vicina, P. mourei, P. pearsoni, P. ferreirai sp. nov., P. gregaria sp. nov. and P. testacea; nigrior group (Central Brazil to northeast of South America) including P. nigrior (Cockerell, 1925), P. auripennis sp. nov., P. nigrilabris sp. nov., P. combinata sp. nov., P. chapadicola sp. nov., P. seridoensis sp. nov. and P. littoralis sp. nov., and cupira group (southeastern and Central Brazil), including P. cupira, P. mulata, P. ailyae, P. sooretamae sp. nov., P. criptica sp. nov., P. rustica sp. nov. and P. helleri. Some geographic distribution patterns, congruent with that of other Meliponini bees, are commented. KEYWORDS. Biogeography; Partamona; phylogeny; stingless bees; systematics. INTRODUÇÃO P. cupira (Smith, 1863), P. grandipennis (Schwarz, 1951), P. helleri (Friese, 1900), P. mourei Camargo, 1980, P. mulata Moure Partamona Schwarz, 1939, é um gênero de abelhas sociais, in Camargo, 1980, P. nigrior (Cockerell, 1925), P. nigrita (Friese, sem ferrão, produtoras de mel, exclusivamente neotropical, com 1901), P. pearsoni (Schwarz, 1938), P. peckolti peckolti (Friese, ampla distribuição (do sul do Brasil ao México). Ocorre em 1900), P. peckolti musarum (Cockerell, 1917), P. pseudomusarum matas, cerrado, caatinga, regiões montanhosas (cordilheiras Camargo, 1980, P. testacea (Klug, 1807), P. vicina Camargo, andinas e centro-americanas), chegando até mais de 2.000 m de 1980, e P. xanthogastra Pedro & Camargo, 1996-1997. Uma altitude; algumas espécies toleram bem o ambiente antrópico. revisão sistemática do “grupo testacea” foi apresentada por São abelhas agressivas que nidificam em uma ampla variedade CAMARGO (1980), abordando questões sobre a variação de substratos, sendo que muitas espécies são termitófilas geográfica infra-específica e sobre o comportamento de obrigatórias. Até o presente estudo, eram reconhecidas 17 nidificação. No presente trabalho são apresentadas descrições espécies e subespécies de Partamona: P. aequatoriana de novas espécies, chave de identificação, hipótese de filogenia Camargo, 1980, P. ailyae Camargo, 1980, P. bilineata (Say, 1837), e comentários sobre a biogeografia de Partamona, em 1. Dedicado ao Prof. Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure, pelo seu 90º aniversário (02.IX.2002). 2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, BRASIL. 3. Pesquisador do CNPq, proc. 300014/84-8 RN. Endereço eletrônico: [email protected] / [email protected] Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 47 (Supl. 1), 2003 2 Pedro & Camargo continuidade à série de revisões dos gêneros de Meliponini Para interpretação das espécies descritas foram examinados Neotropicais, iniciada por Camargo e Moure, na qual já foram os tipos de P. grandipennis, P. pearsoni, P. xanthogastra, P. tratados Paratrigona Schwarz, 1938, e Aparatrigona Moure, ailyae, P. pseudomusarum, P. vicina, P. mulata. P. 1951 (CAMARGO & MOURE, 1994), Camargoia Moure, 1989 aequatoriana, P. mourei, P. cupira, P. orizabaensis, P. peckolti, (CAMARGO, 1996b) e Geotrigona Moure, 1943 (CAMARGO & P. testacea e P. musarum. Foram designados lectótipos e MOURE, 1996). paralectótipos para P. cupira e P. orizabaensis. O exemplar único, no qual foi baseada a redescrição de P. testacea, é MATERIAL E MÉTODOS reconhecido como holótipo. De P. helleri, foram examinados exemplares com etiqueta de “TYPUS”, em papel de cor salmão, e Para este estudo, foram examinados mais de 26.000 etiqueta de determinação manuscrita, possivelmente do punho exemplares montados em alfinetes, além de milhares em álcool, de Friese (mas com a data de determinação posterior à a maior parte dos quais depositada na Coleção do Departamento descrição), que provavelmente pertencem à série tipo. Além do de Biologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de material tipo das espécies descritas, também foram examinados Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (RPSP). Outras exemplares selecionados como tipos por Schwarz, de “Trigona instituições e pesquisadores que forneceram material estão (Paratrigona) (sic) testacea var. centralis” e de “Trigona listados abaixo. As abreviações citadas no item “Material (Partamona) testacea var. atahualpa”, porém não publicados. examinado” são as recomendadas por ARNETT et al. (1993). A interpretação de P. bilineata foi feita com base na descrição Coleções particulares são abreviadas pelo nome do seu original de SAY (1837) e em AYALA (1992). Partamona nigrior proprietário. foi interpretada segundo a descrição original de COCKERELL AMNH- American Museum of Natural History, Dr. Jerome G. (1925). Rozen Jr. A terminologia e forma de apresentação (diagnose, BHMH- Museu de História Natural, Universidade Federal de dimensões, forma e proporções, etc.) seguem CAMARGO & Minas Gerais, Dr. Fernando Silveira MOURE (1996). Tergos e esternos abdominais são indicados, BMNH- Natural History Museum (British Museum), Dr. David ao longo do texto, como TII-TVIII e EII-EVIII, respectivamente. G. Notton O termo propódeo refere-se ao 1o tergo abdominal, incorporado CMNH- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Dr. John E. ao tórax. As pernas são indicadas com numerais romanos – I, Rawlins II, III (pró, meso e metatorácicas, respectivamente). As CUIC- Cornell University Insect Collection, Dr. George Eickwort abreviações “l.m.c.” e “c.a.a.”, no item “Diagnose”, referem-se (in memorian) a largura máxima da cabeça e comprimento da asa anterior. DEIC- Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalde, Dr. Medidas de comprimento da asa anterior foram tomadas entre Andreas Taeger o ápice do esclerito costal e a ponta da asa, exceto quando DZUP- Depto. de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, indicado de outra forma (medidas incluindo a tégula). Os Dr. Jesus Santiago Moure. caracteres mencionados na chave de identificação para as INPA- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Francisco espécies de Partamona e no item “Diagnose”, referem-se às Peralta. operárias, exceto quando indicado. O diâmetro do escapo foi MELO- Dr. Gabriel A. R. Melo, coleção particular medido na sua porção mais larga. A largura do mesoscuto foi MSUC- Michigan State University Collection, Dr. Frederick medida entre as tégulas. Nas descrições das espécies novas e Stehr redescrições, os cálculos de proporções foram feitos com base MUCR- Museo de Insectos, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dr. nas medidas dos espécimens tipo indicadas nas tabelas X-XIV. Jorge Arturo Lobo Segura Os números seguidos pela letra c (e.g. 21c, 665c), referem-se MZSP- Museu de Zoologia de São Paulo, Dr. Carlos Roberto F. aos números de série dos ninhos, cujo material está depositado Brandão da coleção do Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de NZCS- National Zoological Collection of Suriname, Bart De Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (RPSP). Dijn No item “Material examinado” foram transcritas as OLIV- Márcio L. de Oliveira, coleção particular informações originais constantes das etiquetas de procedência, SEMC- Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, apenas os meses foram indicados em algarismos romanos e os Dr. Robert Brooks anos com 4 algarismos. Algumas localidades indicadas de forma STRI- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Dr. David W. imprecisa, não foram localizadas nos mapas. Países e suas Roubik subdivisões (estados, províncias, etc.) foram listados de oeste UFVB- Museu de Entomologia, Universidade Federal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cytogenetic Characterization of Partamona Cupira (Hymenoptera, Apidae) by Fluorochromes
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33, 2, 253-255 (2010) Copyright © 2010, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Short Communication Cytogenetic characterization of Partamona cupira (Hymenoptera, Apidae) by fluorochromes Jefferson de Brito Marthe, Silvia das Graças Pompolo, Lucio Antônio de Oliveira Campos, Tânia Maria Fernandes Salomão and Mara Garcia Tavares Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Abstract Four colonies of the stingless bee Partamona cupira (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were cytogenetically analyzed using conventional staining and the fluorochromes CMA3 e DAPI. The females have 2n = 34 chromosomes (2K=32M+2A). Some females, however, presented an additional large B acrocentric chromosome, to a total of + 2n = 35. Chromosome B and the chromosomal pairs 2, 9 and 10 showed CMA3 bands, indicating an excess of CG base-pairs. A clear association was verified between the P. helleri B chromosome SCAR marker and the presence of a B chromosome in P. cupira. The data obtained suggests that B chromosomes in P. helleri and P. cupira share a common origin. Key words: B chromosome, SCAR, stingless bees. Received: May 27, 2009; Accepted: November 3, 2009. Stingless bees of the genus Partamona (Hymenop- sequenced and then transformed into a SCAR marker (Tos- tera, Apidae) are widely distributed geographically. Their ta et al., 2007). Further on, the presence of this SCAR range extends from the south of Mexico to south Brazil, marker was noted in P. cupira and P. criptica (VC Tosta, spreading northwards along the Pacific coast until Peru personal communication). (Camargo, 1980). Considering that in P. helleri the SCAR marker is The cytogenetic characterization of eight species of present exclusively in individuals possessing B chromo- the genus Partamona, viz., P.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Mi Bee Lab 9-21-1990 Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera) Charles D. Michener University of Kansas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Michener, Charles D., "Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera)" (1990). Mi. Paper 153. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_mi/153 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Bee Lab at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 4 WWvyvlrWryrXvW-WvWrW^^ I • • •_ ••^«_«).•>.• •.*.« THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCIENC5;^ULLETIN LIBRARY Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 75-164 Sept. 21,1990 OCT 23 1990 HARVARD Classification of the Apidae^ (Hymenoptera) BY Charles D. Michener'^ Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a Hitherto Unplaced New Guinea Species BY Charles D. Michener and Shoichi F. Sakagami'^ CONTENTS Abstract 76 Introduction 76 Terminology and Materials 77 Analysis of Relationships among Apid Subfamilies 79 Key to the Subfamilies of Apidae 84 Subfamily Meliponinae 84 Description, 84; Larva, 85; Nest, 85; Social Behavior, 85; Distribution, 85 Relationships among Meliponine Genera 85 History, 85; Analysis, 86; Biogeography, 96; Behavior, 97; Labial palpi, 99; Wing venation, 99; Male genitalia, 102; Poison glands, 103; Chromosome numbers, 103; Convergence, 104; Classificatory questions, 104 Fossil Meliponinae 105 Meliponorytes,
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Variability in Five Populations of Partamona Helleri (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33, 4, 781-784 (2010) Copyright © 2010, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Short Communication Genetic variability in five populations of Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil Andreia Arantes Borges, Lucio Antônio de Oliveira Campos, Tânia Maria Fernandes Salomão and Mara Garcia Tavares Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Abstract Partamona is a Neotropical genus of stingless bees that comprises 33 species distributed from Mexico to southern Brazil. These bees are well-adapted to anthropic environments and build their nests in several substrates. In this study, 66 colonies of Partamona helleri from five localities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (São Miguel do Anta, Teixeiras, Porto Firme, Viçosa and Rio Vermelho) were analyzed using nine microsatellite loci in order to assess their genetic variability. Low levels of observed (Ho = 0.099-0.137) and expected (He = 0.128-0.145) heterozygosity were encountered and revealed discrete genetic differentiation among the populations (FST =0.025). AMOVA further showed that most of the total genetic variation (94.24%) in P. helleri was explained by the variability within local popu- lations. Key words: microsatellites, Partamona helleri, population genetics, stingless bees. Received: January 22, 2010; Accepted: July 5, 2010. Partamona is a Neotropical genus of stingless bees al., 2009), Tetragonisca angustula (Brito et al., 2009), that comprises 33 species distributed from Mexico to Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Oliveira et al., 2009) and M. southern Brazil (Pedro and Camargo, 2003). These bees are mondury (Lopes et al., 2010). Many of these primers gener- found in rain forests, savanna, caatinga and Andean high- ated PCR products when used to amplify microsatellite re- lands at altitudes greater than 2000 m.
    [Show full text]
  • (Apidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Marília Silva, Mauro Ramalho, Daniela Monteiro
    Diversity and habitat use by stingless bees (Apidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Marília Silva, Mauro Ramalho, Daniela Monteiro To cite this version: Marília Silva, Mauro Ramalho, Daniela Monteiro. Diversity and habitat use by stingless bees (Apidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2013, 44 (6), pp.699-707. 10.1007/s13592-013-0218-5. hal-01201339 HAL Id: hal-01201339 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01201339 Submitted on 17 Sep 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2013) 44:699–707 Original article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2013 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-013-0218-5 Diversity and habitat use by stingless bees (Apidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 1,2 1 1 Marília Dantas E. SILVA , Mauro RAMALHO , Daniela MONTEIRO 1Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização, ECOPOL, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Rua Barão do Jeremoabo s/n, Ondina, CEP 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 2Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Campus Governador Mangabeira, Rua Waldemar Mascarenhas, s/n—Portão, CEP 44350000, Governador Mangabeira, Bahia, Brazil Received 28 August 2012 – Revised 16 May 2013 – Accepted 27 May 2013 Abstract – The present study discusses spatial variations in the community structure of stingless bees as well as associated ecological factors by comparing the nest densities in two stages of forest regeneration in a Brazilian Tropical Atlantic rainforest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gold Mines of Costa Rica
    Revista Geológica de América Central, 36 Especial: 125-134, 2007 ISSN: 0256-7024 THE GOLD MINES OF COSTA RICA Milton Franklin Reitz Transcrito por: Siegfried Kussmaul Escuela Centroamericana de Geología, Universidad de Costa Rica Documento original tomado de: The Engineering and Mining Journal; August 16, 1902; págs. 210-213 Like the mines of every other part of the writer has spent two years immediately connected world, something have been said and written of with the mines of the country and has personally vi- those in this republic. All connected with the mi- sited the more important properties here mentioned. ning industry know the nature and effect of such Physical conditions notes are given from personal writings. It is a well-known fact that the press knowledge, and are corroborated by reports made throughout the States have given space to reviews at various times by eminent engineers. Statistical of this sort relative to all known mining districts, facts observed are taken from original mint retur- the authenticity of which has not always been ns, assay certificates, and bills of sale now in the without question. This articles in many instances file of the owners of the mines. As there is proba- have been produced by special reporters, who bly no better way of judging the future than by the have spent limited time in their preparation, with past, I have thought it of interest to give some his- the prime purpose of obtaining readable matter, tory, especially with reference to the mines of the and with the result that facts have been sacrificed Aguacate Mountain, for which I am indebted to to give due credit to the legends and traditions met Don Francisco María Yglesias, who, with his father with in all mining communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Stingless Bee Nesting Biology David W
    Stingless bee nesting biology David W. Roubik To cite this version: David W. Roubik. Stingless bee nesting biology. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2006, 37 (2), pp.124-143. hal-00892207 HAL Id: hal-00892207 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00892207 Submitted on 1 Jan 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 37 (2006) 124–143 124 c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2006 DOI: 10.1051/apido:2006026 Review article Stingless bee nesting biology* David W. Ra,b a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá b Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA Received 2 October 2005 – Revised 29 November 2005 – Accepted 23 December 2005 Abstract – Stingless bees diverged since the Cretaceous, have 50 times more species than Apis,andare both distinctive and diverse. Nesting is capitulated by 30 variables but most do not define clades. Both architectural features and behavior decrease vulnerability, and large genera vary in nest habit, architecture and defense. Natural stingless bee colony density is 15 to 1500 km−2. Symbionts include mycophagic mites, collembolans, leiodid beetles, mutualist coccids, molds, and ricinuleid arachnids.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapa De Valores De Terrenos Por Zonas Homogéneas Provincia 6 Puntarenas Cantón 02 Esparza
    MAPA DE VALORES DE TERRENOS POR ZONAS HOMOGÉNEAS PROVINCIA 6 PUNTARENAS CANTÓN 02 ESPARZA 421000 424500 428000 431500 435000 438500 Mapa de Valores de Terrenos Estero de Mata de Limón por Zonas Homogéneas ESCALA 1:15.000 422000 423500 Provincia 6 Puntarenas Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Peñas Blancas Cantón 02 Esparza Área de Protección Río Jabonal ón Fila Carballo Plaza am R Quebrada Moncha Salón Comunal an 1119000 S 1119000 Peñas Blancas A nm 6 02 06 R22/U22 Iglesia æCatólica 6 02 06 R20/U20 Targuasal 6 02 05 R05/U05 La Moncha Qu 6 02 06 U04/U05 eb 6 02 06 R06/U06 rad Figueroa a Lim on al 1098500 Ministerio de Hacienda Órgano de Normalización Técnica Marisquería Mar Azul Playa Caldera Lomas Castro Escuela Salinas nm 6 02 06 U14/U15 Cuesta Molas Galeón Peruano E s te Salinas ro M a ta d e L im ó Ferry Sabana Bonitaæ n CCSS nm 6 02 06 R03 A Miramar a Hotel Luna Perr La CALDERA rada ueb he Q Hotel Costa del Sol balac Cam rada Queb Plaza 1115500 Cerrillos 1115500 nm Escuela Mata de Limón Rest. Tabaris æ Cabinasnm Lela Cementerio San RamónMata de Limón Marisquería La Leda R Bahía de Caldera ío J ab Montes de Oro on Plaza al 6 02 06 U01/U02 CAI 1097000 Océano Pacífico Marisquería Linda Mar 6 02 05 R04/U04 Central de Contenedores Aprobado por: La Loma 6 02 06 R07/U07 Ing. Alberto Poveda Alvarado Cerro Blanco Cerro Piedra de Fuego Agranel Q Director u e b r Órgano de Normalización Técnica a d a G Dirección General de Tributación u a t u SAN JERÓNIMO s o a l Mata de Caña l i 6 02 06 R08/U08 u q n a r Finca Cartago r a B o 6 02 06 U13 í
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Forager-Deposited Odors on The
    Apidologie 38 (2007) 584–594 Available online at: c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2007 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido:2007054 Original article Effect of forager-deposited odors on the intra-patch accuracy of recruitment of the stingless bees Melipona panamica and Partamona peckolti (Apidae, Meliponini)* Felipe Andrés León Contrera, James C. Nieh University of California San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, Mail Code 0116, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA Received 24 July 2007 – Revised and Accepted 2 October 2007 Abstract – We show that the stingless bees Melipona panamica and Partamona peckolti haveahighpre- cision of intra-patch recruitment that is influenced by forager-deposited odor marks in the field. We trained foragers to a 2.5 M sucrose feeder in the center of an array of five identical feeders (20 cm between feeders) at different distances and directions from the nest and measured the distribution of recruit visitations. In the free-foraging phase foragers could odor mark a filter paper around the experimental feeder, and in the odor-removal phase we substituted it each five minutes by a clean one. Significantly more recruits in both species chose the experimental feeder over the controls in the distance and directional arrays (P 0.034) and odor removal significantly decreased precision of recruitment in both species (P 0.034). Scent marks in both species thus play a significant role in orienting recruits to already known profitable food sources. odor marking / recruitment
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Rican Pacific Coast
    COSTA RICAN PACIFIC COAST GENERAL INFORMATION Dulce and the western half of Punta Burica, and the city of Golfito, the most important commercial Geography free warehouse. The geography of the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica is The Parrita, Savegre and Naranjo rivers stand out irregular, with swampy areas of mangroves near the in the central area of the​​ province. The Grande de city of Puntarenas and some of the largest islands Tárcoles River, which drains the waters of the Western in the country (Chira Island, Venado, Negritos, San Central Valley, drains into the entrance to the Gulf of Lucas, Tortuga, etc.), as well as Coco’s Island. The main Nicoya.Other important rivers are the Barranca River cities are Puntarenas (the largest and most developed and the Jesús María River, which flow near the city of in the Region), Orotina, San Mateo, Miramar, Esparza, Puntarenas. Jacó, Parrita and Quepos. Weather In the North Pacific is located the Gulf of Nicoya, which is characterized by a winding coastal perime- It is characterized by narrow coastal plains, with ter, with cliffs and mangrove areas. On the east coast short rivers and torrential character. The climate of the Gulf, a tongue of land stands out, where the is a transition from tropical dry forest to humid city of Puntarenas is located. Towards the south- tropical, with maximum temperatures of around east of Puntarenas, is the port of Caldera, the most 34 °C (93 °F), and minimum temperatures that rarely important of the Costa Rican Pacific. drop below 20 °C (68 °F). In the Central Pacific there is a plain and more recti- Culture linear sector with numerous beaches, ranging from Herradura Bay to Coronado Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecoadventures Central American Travel Brochure Third Edition
    COSTA RICA • BELIZE • GUATEMALA • PANAMA COSTA RICA GUATEMALA Volcanoes • Beaches Antigua • Highlands Cloud Forests & Rainforests Jungle & Archaeology BELIZE PANAMA Jungle & Archaeology San Blas Islands, Beaches Ambergris Caye & Bocas del Toro Dangriga & Placencia THIRD EDITION Custom Central American Adventures Adventures! Eco WHO WE ARE et • Founded in 1992 e • 100 years combined experience selling Latin America M • Specializing in customized, independent itineraries • All bookings are 100% pre-paid • All major credit cards accepted • $5,000,000 default insurance provided by Elavon • Bonded for $1,000,000 Liability Insurance by the Berkely Group Alma Megeath President WHAT WE OFFER • Customized, individual itineraries to Latin America’s special destinations, ensuring that we leave the smallest footprint Aaron Ballard • Quality, with responsible tour operators and guides Web, IT Manager to ensure the most meaningful experience • Archaeological, historical and cultural experiences combined with some of the most spectacular and pristine natural areas of the world Bill Doughty • Boutique hotels, country inns, innovative programs, General Manager unique experiences and ecotourism WHY CHOOSE US Cindy Duran • You benefit from the attention to detail in our Senior Sales office and the attention of our local guides and representative offices • We are #1 in expertise: our staff has been to all of the destinations we sell many, many times Celina Ronsvalle • The firsthand knowledge assures an expertly Operations planned itinerary • Expert consultation with every quote • Four hotel categories for every tour, from Tourist to Ultra Deluxe, to satisfy every taste and budget Anne Moore CTC, Director of Sales To Experience EcoAdventures is to learn what S.E.R.V.I.C.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Provincia Nombre Provincia Cantón Nombre Cantón Distrito Nombre
    Provincia Nombre Provincia Cantón Nombre Cantón Distrito Nombre Distrito Barrio Nombre Barrio 1 San José 1 San José 1 CARMEN 1 Amón 1 San José 1 San José 1 CARMEN 2 Aranjuez 1 San José 1 San José 1 CARMEN 3 California (parte) 1 San José 1 San José 1 CARMEN 4 Carmen 1 San José 1 San José 1 CARMEN 5 Empalme 1 San José 1 San José 1 CARMEN 6 Escalante 1 San José 1 San José 1 CARMEN 7 Otoya. 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 1 Bajos de la Unión 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 2 Claret 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 3 Cocacola 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 4 Iglesias Flores 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 5 Mantica 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 6 México 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 7 Paso de la Vaca 1 San José 1 San José 2 MERCED 8 Pitahaya. 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 1 Almendares 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 2 Ángeles 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 3 Bolívar 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 4 Carit 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 5 Colón (parte) 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 6 Corazón de Jesús 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 7 Cristo Rey 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 8 Cuba 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 9 Dolorosa (parte) 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 10 Merced 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 11 Pacífico (parte) 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 12 Pinos 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 13 Salubridad 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 14 San Bosco 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 15 San Francisco 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 16 Santa Lucía 1 San José 1 San José 3 HOSPITAL 17 Silos.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    BASE LINE ASSESSMENT AND COUNTRY LANDSCAPE STRATEGY OF COMDEKS PROGRAM TO THE SATOYAMA INITIATIVE IN JESÚS MARÍA RIVER BASIN - FINAL REPORT - APRIL, 2014 CONTENT ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 4 2. PRIORITY AREA FOR INITIATIVE SATOYAMA..................................................... 5 2.1 Identification of Llandscape in Jesús María River Basin ..................................... 5 2.2 Description of Socio Landscape and Ecological ................................................. 6 2.2.1 Ecological Description .............................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Social Description ..................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Economic Description ............................................................................... 9 2.3 Justification for Landscape Selection ................................................................ 10 3. SITUATION ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 12 3.1 Protection of Ecosystems and Biodiversity ....................................................... 12 3.2 Key Challenges for Landscape ......................................................................... 13 3.3 Main Stakeholders ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]