Layout and Editing: ADAM J. YOUSSI and ANN BLOUSE

VOL. 41 AUTUMN 2009 Number 1

Marble Hill

A Community At The Crossroads

Teri L. Rising

Figure 1. Map of County, Philadelphia, PA: G. W. Bromley, 1915. Image courtesy of Teri L. Rising.

Located in what is now regarded Cockeysville, or Hunt Valley, , the town of Marble Hill came into existence during the latter half of the 19th century owing much of its development to the prosperous marble quarries, thriving whiskey distillery, and agricultural industries. The growth of the village was also influenced by the contributions of the many families who called the area home.

Marble Hill was often referred to as a crossroads community because of its location at the intersection of two major turnpikes, the York Turnpike and the Western Run Turnpike - now Shawan Road (Figures 1 & 2). Interestingly, Marble Hill’s structural remnants are now at their own crossroads. Already obscured by suburban sprawl, Marble Hill’s oldest buildings are caught between historic preservation and future development. PAGE 2 Historical Society of Baltimore County’s History Trails Autumn 2009

depend on a heavy stream of inter-county commercial traffic like the larger pikes, and dividends of anywhere from five to ten percent were not uncommon on the Western Run Turnpike. The localized nature of small turnpikes also provided immunity from the criticism the larger pikes drew.5

Over time, and thanks to the turnpikes, the area around Cockeysville including the villages of Beaver Dam and Marble Hill continued to grow, and by 1891 the population consisted of approximately 800 residents. In addition to individuals providing services along the turnpike,

Figure 2. Buildings, locations, and roads in Marble Hill. many of the residents worked as agricultural Image courtesy of Teri L. Rising. laborers on farms such as John J. Wight’s.6

The Western Run Turnpike The Marble Hill Community:

The village of Marble Hill first appeared on the Many families helped build the community of 1877 Atlas of Baltimore County at the junction of Marble Hill. In doing so, they established a the Western Run and York Turnpikes.1 Prior to volunteer fire company, an Odd Fellows Hall, the organization of turnpikes in Baltimore County, grocery stores and other businesses. Names like many of the county’s roads were considered unfit Duncan, Benson, Wight, Jessop and Kraus for use. While the earliest efforts to incorporate appeared in the social pages, and all were active in turnpike companies came from the county the community. Road names like “Wight government, by the turn of the 19th century the Avenue” and “Hyland Avenue” are reminders of state usurped the role in an effort to create better their presence. roads to serve the growing rural populations. This action resulted in the laying of a road from The fire hall was an especially important place Baltimore to York, Pennsylvania to replace the because it was also designed to be a community winding and indirect Old York Road.2 center with a billiards hall and reading room.7 Accompanying the fire hall, the Jessop Methodist Prior to the state’s involvement in turnpikes, the Episcopal Church was a center of social activities Western Run Turnpike Company was and its Ladies Aid Society often sponsored events. incorporated in 1867 to create an east-west It was the Marble Hill Improvement Association corridor between Cockeysville Station and Butler that raised the funds to establish the fire company Post Office, where the road terminated at its and purchase an engine and related equipment.8 junction with the Falls Turnpike. Travelers and The fire company’s first call took place in 1904, commerce between Baltimore and Pennsylvania two years after its establishment, when they regularly traversed both the York and Western responded to a large fire at the farm of William H. Run turnpikes.3 A key tollgate also stood near this Wight. It took only eleven minutes for the intersection, as did several dwellings including a company to respond to a blaze three-quarters of a mill, and the Hyatt & Clark Distillery.4 mile away; and although a large bank, barn, and shed were lost in the fire, a mule and one horse Although the importance of large turnpikes were saved.9 diminished with the advent of the railroad, smaller pikes remained more relevant. They did not PAGE 3 Historical Society of Baltimore County’s History Trails Autumn 2009

The Quarry Industry:

The quarry industry in Marble Hill may date as early as 1810 when the Cockeysville Hotel and the Hayfields Mansion were constructed from local stone. While the quarry industry helped to jump- start growth in Marble Hill, the railroad also played an important part when it arrived in 1838 and enabled residents to reach York, Pennsylvania and the Susquehanna River at Wrightsville. After the railroad arrived, the decade of the 1840’s saw a large increase in quarrying, and most of the labor was from the Irish immigrant population. Most of the work at the marble quarry was done by hand Figure 3. Bonnie Blink mansion, c. 1927. Note the Masonic symbol on the second story porch. Photographer and carted to train stations in Texas and unknown. Image courtesy of the Stephen J. Ponzillo, Jr. Cockeysville. The quarry supplied marble to Memorial Library and Museum of the Grand Lodge of Baltimore and the nation’s capitol, including the Maryland A.F. & A.M. columns for the Capitol Building, Post Office buildings, and Baltimore’s City Hall. Because of the flourishing trade industry supported by marble quarries, mills and agriculture, Marble Hill’s surrounding towns grew quickly in the latter half of the 19th century.10

The Wight Family & Bonnie Blink Farm:

Marble Hill is situated on land that was once part of the Mount Repose Farm. The farm was settled in the early 19th century by Joseph Thornburgh, and later purchased by his daughter, Elizabeth Webster, and her husband John. In 1859, John Figure 4. Bonnie Blink Mansion, c. 1929, prior to Jacob Wight and Amelia Hyatt Wight purchased demolition. Photographer unknown. Image courtesy of the land just west of Mount Repose for their farm. Stephen J. Ponzillo, Jr. Memorial Library and Museum of They named it “Bonnie Blink” after the Scotch the Grand Lodge of Maryland A.F. & A.M. term for “beautiful view” because of its location on the highest point of their property (Figures 3 & 4). The Wight’s land holdings grew in 1863 John Jacob Wight was born in Baltimore in 1820 through the addition of other lands from Mount and was the son of William J. Wight who was Repose that Amelia’s brother, Edward Hyatt, born near Woodstock in western Baltimore purchased in trust for her. 11 Amelia and Edward’s County.13 William Wight married Margaret father was Baltimore merchant Alpheus Hyatt, and Howard of Baltimore and went on to have a the two of them were children from his first successful lumber business. He also served on the marriage. The addition of land to John and City Council of Baltimore. By 1860, he had real Amerlia Wight’s landholdings because of estate holdings worth $50,000, and as his Edward’s trust resulted in their possession of over occupation he was referred to as a “gentleman.”14 350 acres of land, including the majority of John started his business training as a clerk in a Marble Hill.12 wholesale grocery business and later opened a tobacco house that was successful for many years. PAGE 4 Historical Society of Baltimore County’s History Trails Autumn 2009

John J. Wight’s sons, William Howard Wight, and granddaughter.20 His widow, Amelia, gave John Hyatt Wight, James Wight and Alpheus the main house to her son William and decided to Wight, were all involved in local businesses in have a smaller house built on the property for Marble Hill, including the Sherwood Distillery. 15 herself. It was named Kalamora, and it had been A long-term illness incapacitated John Wight for designed by architect Paul Emmart.21 many years, thus making it necessary to involve Unfortunately, Mrs. Wight did not live long his four sons’ in his business.16 enough to enjoy her new home; she died while traveling abroad in Germany with her son in July William H. Wight opened his own store in 1878, of 1901.22 Before the estate was sold in 1909, as described in detail in the Maryland Journal.17 both Kalamora and Bonnie Blink were frequently Wight was involved in a partnership with Andrew rented for summer retreats. J. Leutz. However, Leutz dissolved their agreement some time before 1898, and in his stead One summer tenant was Frederick W. Wright, a store clerk and Marble Hill resident, Martin A. businessman from New York who rented Bonnie Hyland, joined the partnership. Nevertheless, A.J. Blink and Kalamora as a vacation home before Leutz remained in Marble Hill and his house purchasing them.23 He first purchased Kalamora appeared on the 1915 Atlas, just north of the farm for approximately $20,000, and then Bonnie Wight-Wright House.18 Based on the 1918 Tax Blink for $40,000.24 Included in the estate were Assessment for Baltimore County, Leutz may many farm outbuildings, as well as ten tenant have later partnered with the Duncan family who houses.25 A few of the houses that originated with also owned a successful store in Marble Hill the early leases still stand at the corner of York (figure 5).19 and Shawan Roads. The Wrights sold the property to the Jackson family in 1919.26 Anton Weiskittel later acquired it in 1921.27 Then, the Maryland Grand Lodge of Masons purchased the property in 1927 and deeded it to the trustees of the Masonic Home.28 The sales plat of the property shows the mansion house and numerous accessory buildings that were scattered throughout the property.

The Masons demolished the original mansion and other buildings sometime around 1930 so they could build a replacement structure to better suit their needs. 29 In 1930, Architect William W.

Figure 5. John D. C. Duncan’s general store, c. 1889. Emmart planned the Masons’ stone building Photographer unknown. Image courtesy of Baltimore which still stands on the property. It was designed County Public Library’s Legacy Web, image #12512003. to have accommodations for 140 guests.30 The cornerstone was laid on October 10, 1931.31

The Wights’ leased many pieces of property that were part of the Bonnie Blink farm for the purpose Marble Hill’s Architecture: of erecting dwellings and small businesses. In many cases, leaseholders ended up purchasing the The architecture of most of the historic houses Wights’ property. In other cases, farm laborers remaining in Marble Hill is Victorian vernacular, a rented various tenant houses scattered throughout style including Queen Ann and Italianate their land. By the time of John J. Wight’s death influences. During the late 19th and early 20th on July 19, 1900, his estate was comprised of 400 centuries, pattern books and trade magazines made acres and was divided equally in trust for his sons it easier to apply architectural styles and forms to PAGE 5 Historical Society of Baltimore County’s History Trails Autumn 2009

suburban homes for people of all socio-economic The Thuma-Hale House: 3 Shawan Road classes. This was a result of post-Civil War factories that created machines capable of Jeremiah Thuma probably built the house in 1892, producing large quantities of standardized housing originally intended for rent or purchase on land he elements, making it easier and less expensive for bought from John J. and Amelia Wight in 1891.37 anyone to add elaborate details to a vernacular This house is a two-and-a-half-story, three-bay- dwelling, including items like turrets and wide wide modestly detailed Queen Anne style wood porches.32 frame dwelling. A central, intersecting front gable clad in alternating rows of fishscale and octagonal The Italianate style began in England as part of the wood shingles ornaments the façade. picturesque movement, a reaction to the formal classical ideals in art and architecture. Details The Baltimore County Democrat, a contemporary included wide eaves, ornate bracketed cornices newspaper, recorded the event. “Mr. Thuma’s and elongated, often arched windows. The style new house at Marble Hill is about finished, and he first appeared in the during the is anxious to have it occupied. It is a very nice 1830s and was popularized from the 1830s to the dwelling indeed and Mr. Thuma has spared no mid-1880s.33 During the 1840s and 1850s, the pains or means to have it convenient and style was widely influential after it appeared in comfortable. Any one wishing to rent or buy pattern books by Andrew Jackson Downing. High permanently or even rent for the summer season, style Italianate buildings declined in popularity would doubtless find it to their advantage to see following the financial panic of 1873 and the Mr. Thuma.”38 subsequent economic depression. However, the style continued to be used in the vernacular form Thuma paid $1,000.00 for the land, which meant it in many small towns and semi-rural areas.34 was most likely improved with additional structures on the property, possibly some of the The Queen Anne style originated in England with farm or tenant buildings from Bonnie Blink. The the help of Scottish architect Richard Norman house appears in the 1898 atlas of Baltimore Shaw (1831-1912). This eclectic movement County as belonging to J. Thuma.39 focused on the free form, melding elements of the Classical, Tudor, and Flemish styles of Thuma was engaged in the harness business in architecture.35 Although high style buildings Texas and was the postmaster of Cockeysville featured a variety of roof forms, projecting oriel under President Harrison. When he died of bays, colored glass windows and turrets, the style pneumonia at the age of 52 in 1899, he left a also featured detailed porches, cutout bracket widow, ten children and a mortgage. 40 Upon his designs, patterned shingles and spindles.36 In death, the property reverted back to the mortgage America, the style was greatly popularized after holder and was sold at auction. The accounting of the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. the sale appeared in the newspaper and indicated Craftsmen expressed a wide range of creativity that the lot, two dwellings, stable and other through decorative woodworking exploration. outbuildings were sold to Albert & Effie Duncan for $1,530.00.41 Marble Hill’s proximity to the railroad must have made obtaining machine made materials more It looks as if the Duncans rented the property until convenient and easy to incorporate on newly it was conveyed to John and Cora Royston in 1911 constructed buildings. Some notable examples of (Figure 6).42 Royston was depicted as the owner Victorian Vernacular architectural styles can be on the 1915 atlas of Baltimore County.43 John found at 11420 York Road, and 2 Shawan Road. Royston died at some point between 1912 and 1915, and thereafter his wife Cora sold the property to George M. Kurtz.44

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Kurtz had significant landholdings in the area. According to census records, Gover was a house This is evident from his 1918 Tax Assessment that carpenter who lived with his wife, mother-in-law indicated he owned 49 acres plus multiple houses and niece.53 His occupation could account for the and tenant houses worth well over $6,000.00.45 distinctive details on this particular house. His tax Upon his death, his son, George Kurtz Jr., records indicated that by 1918 the combination of inherited the property, worth $6,500.00 according his home and lot were valued at $1,655.00, which to the 1930 Census.46 Kurtz sold the property in also included his Ford automobile.54 Gover sold 1931 to his mother, Jennie Kurtz Hoover, who the property to a well-known Cockeysville appears to have remarried after the death of her businessman, John Tyrie, in 1932, shortly before husband.47 She sold the property in 1946 after his own death in 1935.55 Tyrie’s trustees sold the being widowed for a second time.48 house to Maurice and Mary Kearney in 1945.56 It remained with the Kearney family until they sold it to the present owner in 2004.57

The Wight - Wright House: 11418 York Road

Built circa 1880, this house displays many Victorian vernacular traits commonly found in the Queen Anne and Italianate styles (Figure 7). The use of round-arch windows make reference to the earlier Italianate style, while the wrap-around porch supported by turned posts with scroll sawn brackets provide a Queen Anne accent to the vernacular form. William and Florence Seitz had leased the house from the Wight family; however, Figure 6. C.E. Royston’s store and house, c. 1924. Frederick Wright sold the property to Seitz shortly Photographer unknown. Image courtesy of the Historical after he purchased Bonnie Blink.58 Society of Baltimore County, accession P002409.

Seitz was a grocery store salesman, possibly at the

Wight and Hyland or Duncan stores as they were The Wight - Gover House: 2 Shawan Road located close by.59 His house, lot and car were

assessed slightly under $1,500.00 in 1918.60 The Samuel J. Gover, a local builder, probably had this Wight-Wright House remained in the Seitz Family building erected circa 1885 after he leased the for the next sixty-two years until descendants of property from John and Amelia Wight. The form William and Florence Seitz sold it in 1973.61 and some of the ornament on the Gover House are

representative of the Italianate style with some

Queen Anne elements. Through the extensive use of machine-turned porch elements, including the posts and balusters and pierced triangular brackets, the Gover house displays strong ties to the more rural interpretations of the style and the mass-production of the ornamental elements.49 Gover first leased his lot from John J. Wight for a yearly rent of $15.00.50 He was eventually deeded the land in 1889.51 The house appears in both the 1898 and 1915 atlases of Baltimore County as belonging to S. Gover.52 PAGE 7 Historical Society of Baltimore County’s History Trails Autumn 2009

Tax Assessment, the estate of Andrew J. Leutz was valued at $2,710.00 with additional value in stock at the grocery firm of Leutz & Duncan.63 Immediately after its ownership by Andrew Leutz, the Wight-Leutz House experienced a frequent transfer of title. Ten years prior to his death, Andrew Leutz sold the property to George and Annie Mays, who resided at the house for only six years before selling it in 1924 to Annie Miller. Miller owned the property for four years and then sold the house and lot to Thomas and Alva Patterson in 1928, who resided there for the following 46 years. Figure 7. The Wight-Wight House located at 11418 York Road, c. 1970. Photograph by, and courtesy of, John McGrain.

The Wight - Leutz House: 11420 York Road

This house is probably the most well known building still standing in Marble Hill. Constructed circa 1880, the three-bay wide Queen Anne style dwelling is two-and-a-half stories in height (Figure 8). The cross-gable roof with turrets is clad in asphalt shingles. The multiple roof design provides a strong stylistic tie to the Queen Anne style. The roof is accented with a boxed wood cornice with overhanging eaves and scroll-sawn Figure 8. The Wight-Leutz House located at 11420 York brackets. One of the turrets has a paneled frieze Road. c. 1970. Photograph by, and courtesy of, John and scroll-sawn brackets. Both a central interior McGrain. and an interior end brick chimney are present, each with poured concrete caps. A one-story wrap-around wood porch with turned post The Louis Kraus House: 11424 York Road supports and Greek-key styled scroll-sawn brackets that dominate the façade - also typical of Louis P. Kraus first leased his lot from John J. the Queen Anne style. The porch has a half- Wight in 1887 for $550.00 plus the yearly rent of $40.50, which means that improvements likely hipped standing seam metal roof and rests on a 64 brick pier foundation. A two-story projecting bay existed at the time that the lease was drafted. He paid $875.00 for the property that was eventually with a second-story porch is present on the south 65 side. The rear elevation has a one-story screened deeded to him in 1892. The house first appeared and enclosed porch with a half-hipped roof clad in on the 1898 atlas of Baltimore County as belonging to “L. Krouse”.66 It also appeared on standing-seam metal. There is also a small, one- 67 story, circa 1880s, Queen Anne styled privy the atlas in 1915. Census records indicate that Louis P. Kraus was a tinner who was involved in located to the north of the house. It is hexagonal in 68 shape with a hexagonal standing seam metal roof. gunsmithing.

Andrew J. Leutz first leased the land from the Krouse (Krouse was a misspelling on the map, it’s Wights in 1881 and later purchased the property in spelled Kraus) and his wife Sophia lived in Marble 1892. 62 According to the 1918 Baltimore County Hill with their several children. They were very PAGE 8 Historical Society of Baltimore County’s History Trails Autumn 2009

involved in community activities and often ______traveled to New York to see their sons.69 According to tax records, in 1918 the combined The Author assessed value for his home and lot was $2,562.00. He also had a stable, livestock and Teri L. Rising is the Historic Preservation Planner $800.00 worth of business assets.70 By the 1930 in the Baltimore County Office of Planning. Teri census, the value of his property was $8,000.00.71 reports that there are very few photos of Bonnie Louis Kraus died in 1931 and his assets were Blink, for such a large property, and none of the divided among his children and grandchildren.72 house Kalamora that stood on the property. If you Kraus’ daughter Lula Kraus Brooks ultimately have any photos of Bonnie Blink, Kalamora, or acquired the property and it remained in the family other Marble Hill houses, please contact Teri at until it was conveyed to the current owner in [email protected] or by writing to 1964.73 the Historical Society of Baltimore County.

Other early Marble Hill houses remain at the York ______and Shawan Road intersection, but most are void of their their original historic characteristics. Still The Stephen J. Ponzillo, Jr., Memorial Library and other historic buildings were demolished in recent Museum of the Grand Lodge of Maryland are decades. The thousands of people that travel located at the Masonic Temple in Cockeysville, between York Road and Shawan Road often have Maryland. They are open by appointment only. no idea the community of Marble Hill existed. Contact Stephen J. Ponsillo, III at 410-527-0600. Over the years suburbanization has threatened to permanently eclipse what survives of this crossroads community. It remains to be seen whether or not the surviving structures will endure into the future, and continue to represent the history of Marble Hill; or, if they will slowly disappear into the landscape of Hunt Valley, Maryland.

(Author’s Note: At the time article was written, the properties mentioned above have been added to the Baltimore County Preliminary Landmarks List by the Landmarks Preservation Commission. They are awaiting a final public hearing before the County Council.)

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NOTES 26 Baltimore County Land and Will Records. Baltimore County Courthouse, Towson, Maryland: WPC 510:538. 1 Atlas of Baltimore County, Maryland (Philadelphia, PA: 27 Baltimore County Land and Will Records. Baltimore G. M. Hopkins, 1877). County Courthouse, Towson, Maryland: WPC 537:527. 2 Sherry H. Olson, Baltimore: The Building of an 28 Baltimore County Land and Will Records. Baltimore American City (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University County Courthouse, Towson, Maryland: WPC 645:333. Press, 1997), p. 172; see also S. B. Clemens and C. E. 29 Maryland State Archives Baltimore County Circuit Clemens, From Marble Hill to Maryland Line: An Informal Court Land Survey, Subdivision, and Condominium Plats History of Northern Baltimore County (np: C. E. and S. B. MSA C2136: (Plats), Plat Book WPC 8:88. Clemens, 1976), p. 10. 30 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, “New Bonnie Blink 3 Marion S. Anderson, Maryland Historical Trust Home is Planned by Masons,” Baltimore Sun , 22 November Inventory Form for State Historic Sites Survey: “Wight- 1930. Wright House” BA-2120, 9 May 1981, Section 8, p.2. 31 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, “Masons Lay 4 Atlas of Baltimore County, Maryland (Philadelphia, PA: Cornerstone of Bonnie Blink Today,” Baltimore Sun , 10 G. M. Hopkins, 1877). October 1931. 5 Neal A. Brooks and Eric G. Rockel, A History of 32 Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore County (Towson, MD: Friends of the Towson “Suburbanization Historic Context and Survey Library, Inc., 1979), p. 145-6. Methodology,” Section D, p. 17. 6 United States Federal Census, 1900, Election District 8, 33 Rachel Carley, A Visual Dictionary of American p.125. Domestic Architecture (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 7 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Baltimore Sun, 12 1994), p. 143. December 1906. 34 McAlester and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide 8 Ibid., 5 March 1900. to American Architecture (New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 9 Ibid., 7 July 1904. 1988), pp. 241-2. 10 E.H.T. Traceries. Baltimore County Architectural 35 Carley, A Visual Dictionary of American Domestic Survey, Phase I Final Report. Prepared for the Baltimore Architecture , pp. 154-5. County Office of Planning, 1 June 2001. 36 McAlester, A Field Guide to American Architecture, pp. 11 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore 263-314. County Courthouse, Towson, MD: GHC 36:464. 37 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore 12 E.H.T. Traceries. Maryland Historical Trust Maryland County Courthouse, Towson, MD: JWS 188:149. Inventory of Historic Properties Form, Wight-Wright House, 38 Baltimore County Democrat, 12 March 1892. BA-2120, September 24, 2000, Section 8, p. 1. 39 Map of Baltimore County (Philadelphia, PA: G. W. 13 Genealogy and Biography of Leading Families of the Bromley, 1898). City of Baltimore and Baltimore County, Maryland 40 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, “Death of Mr. J.A. (Chapman Publishing Company, 1897), p. 496. Thuma,” Baltimore Sun, 18 November 1899. 14 United States Federal Census, 1860, Election District 8, 41 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, “Property Sold at Ward 15, p. 146. Auction,” Baltimore Sun, 14 June 1904. 15 Genealogy and Biography of Leading Families of the 42 United States Federal Census, 1910, Election District 8, City of Baltimore and Baltimore County, Maryland District 24, p. 26; Baltimore County Land & Will Records, (Chapman Publishing Company, 1897), p. 496. Baltimore County Courthouse, Towson, MD: WPC 387:372. 16 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Baltimore Sun , 20 43 Map of Baltimore County (Philadelphia, PA: G. W. July 1900. Bromley, 1915). 17 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Baltimore Sun, 27 July 44 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore 1878. County Courthouse, Towson, MD: WPC 450:232. 18 Map of Baltimore County. Philadelphia, PA: G. W. 45 Baltimore County Tax Ledger-District 8, 1918. Bromley, 1915. 46 United States Federal Census, 1930, Election District 8, 19 Baltimore County Tax Ledger-District 8, 1915. District 34, p. 10. 20 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Baltimore Sun, 19 July 47 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore 1900. County Courthouse, Towson, MD: LMcLM 881:454. 21 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, “New Home on 48 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore Bonnie Blink Farm,” Baltimore Sun, 24 July 1900. County Courthouse, Towson, MD: RJS 1444:379. 22 Proquest Historical Newspapers, Baltimore Sun, 21 July 49 E.H.T. Traceries. Maryland Historical Trust Maryland 1901. Inventory of Historic Properties Form, Samuel J. Gover 23 Baltimore American, 2 November 1909. House,BA-2125, Section 8, 24 September 2000, pp. 2-3. 24 Baltimore American, 23 July 1909. 50 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore 25 Ibid. County Courthouse, Towson, MD: WMI 147:572.

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51 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore MARBLE HILL BIBLIOGRAPHY County Courthouse, Towson, MD: LMB 176:507. 52 Map of Baltimore County (Philadelphia, PA: G. W. Bromley, 1898); Map of Baltimore County (Philadelphia, Ancestry.com. United States Federal Census PA: G. W. Bromley, 1915). [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: 53 United States Federal Census, 1900, Election District 8, Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. District 37, pp. 12-13. 54 Baltimore County Tax Ledger-District 8, 1918. Anderson, Marion S. Maryland Historical Trust 55 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore County Courthouse, Towson, MD: LMcLM 898:388. Inventory Form for State Historic Sites 56 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore Survey:“Benjamin Aiken House” BA-2118, County Courthouse, Towson, MD: RJS 1387:92 May 4 1981. 57 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore County Courthouse, Towson, MD: SM 20548:522. Anderson, Marion S. Maryland Historical Trust 58 Baltimore County Land and Will Records. Baltimore County Courthouse, Towson, Maryland: WPC 343:399. Inventory Form for State Historic Sites 59 United States Federal Census, 1910, Election District 8, Survey: “Wight-Leutz House” BA-2121, May District 24, p. 26 9 1981. 60 Baltimore County Tax Ledger-District 8, 1918. 61 Baltimore County Land and Will Records. Baltimore Atlas of Baltimore County, Maryland. County Courthouse, Towson, Maryland: CE 5359:920. 62 Baltimore County Land and Will Records. Baltimore Philadelphia, PA.: G. M. Hopkins, 1877. County Courthouse, Towson, Maryland: LMB 193:277. 63 Baltimore County Tax Ledger-District 8, 1915. Baltimore County Land & Will Records. Towson, 64 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore Md.: Baltimore County Courthouse. County Courthouse, Towson, MD: JWS 160:78. 65 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore County Courthouse, Towson, MD: LMB 191:217. Baltimore County Office of Planning Files. 66 Map of Baltimore County (Philadelphia, PA: G. W. Bromley, 1898). Baltimore County Public Library Legacy Web. 67 Map of Baltimore County (Philadelphia, PA: G. W. http://external.bcpl.lib.md.us/hcdo/lw_home.ht Bromley, 1915). ml (accessed October 1, 2009). 68 United States Federal Census, 1910, Election District 8, District 24, p. 26. 69 ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Anonymous, “Society Baltimore County Tax Account Book. Baltimore in Baltimore City and the counties,” Baltimore Sun, 13 July County, Maryland, 1918, Election District 8. 1919, Part 2, p. 1D. Microfilm owned by Baltimore County Office 70 Baltimore County Tax Ledger-District 8, 1918. of Planning, Towson, Md. 71 United States Federal Census, 1910, Election District 8, District 34, p.4. 72 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore Brooks, Neal A. and Eric G. Rockel. A History of County Courthouse, Towson, MD: JPC 28:8. Baltimore County. Towson, Md.: Friends of 73 Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore the Towson Library, Inc., 1979. County Courthouse, Towson, MD: CWB Jr.: 1061:341; Baltimore County Land & Will Records, Baltimore County Courthouse, Towson, MD: RRG 4295:511. Bruder, Anne E. Maryland Historical Trust - NR Eligibility Review Form, BA-2122 “Adams House,” July 16, 2001.

Bruder, Anne E. Maryland Historical Trust - NR

Eligibility Review Form, BA-2126 “Hale House,” July 16, 2001.

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Bruder, Anne E. Maryland Historical Trust - NR Maryland State Archives, Baltimore County Eligibility Review Form, BA-2122 “Samuel J. Circuit Court Land Survey, Subdivision, and Gover House,” July 16, 2001. Condominium Plats MSA C2140: (Right of Way Plats). Bruder, Anne E. Maryland Historical Trust - NR Eligibility Review Form, BA-2120, “Wight- Maryland State Highway Administration. Wright House,” July 16, 2001. “Suburbanization Historic Context and Survey Methodology.” Maryland State Highway Carley, Rachel. A Visual Dictionary of American Administration. Domestic Architecture. New York: Henry Holt http://www.marylandroads.com/index.aspx?Pa and Co., 1994. geId=213 (accessed October 1, 2009).

Clemens, C. E. and S. B. From Marble Hill to McAlester, Lee & Virginia. A Field Guide to Maryland Line: An Informal History of American Architecture. New York, NY: Northern Baltimore County. C. E. and S. B. Alfred A. Knopf, 1988. Clemens, 1976. Olsen, Sherry H. Baltimore: The Building of an E.H.T. Traceries. Maryland Historical Trust American City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties University Press, 2nd printing, 1997. Form, Wight-Leutz House, BA-2121, September 24, 2000.

E.H.T. Traceries. Maryland Historical Trust Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties Form, Wight-Wright House, BA-2120, September 24, 2000.

Enoch Pratt Free Library. Baltimore Sun Historical Archive. Baltimore, Maryland.

Enoch Pratt Free Library. Bell & Howell Information and Learning's Digital Sanborn Maps, 1867-1970.

Genealogy and Biography of Leading Families of the City of Baltimore and Baltimore County, Maryland. Chapman Publishing Company, 1897.

Map of Baltimore County. Philadelphia, PA: G. W. Bromley, 1898.

Map of Baltimore County. Philadelphia, PA: G. W. Bromley, 1915.