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(NAMA) Programme for the Solid Waste Sector of Viet Nam

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(NAMA) Programme for the Solid Waste Sector of Viet Nam Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) programme for the solid waste sector of Viet Nam – Design Study – “Waste-to-Resources for Cities in Viet Nam” July 2016 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................4 LIST OF ACRONYMS USED .................................................................................................................................9 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 11 PART I – CONTEXT OF VIET NAM AND BACKGROUND FOR PROPOSING A NAMA PROGRAMME FOR THE SOLID WASTE SECTOR ............................................................................................................................................... 16 2. ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIET NAM ....... 17 2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION POLICIES IN VIET NAM ............................................................................. 17 2.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSE IN VIET NAM .................................... 21 2.3 NAMA DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION IN VIET NAM ..................................................................... 23 2.3.1 Legal framework and institutional setup for NAMAs in Viet Nam .........................................23 2.3.2 NAMA and MRV-related activities in Viet Nam ....................................................................24 2.3.3 Challenges of developing NAMAs in Viet Nam ....................................................................25 2.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS ............................................................................................................................. 27 3. ANALYSIS OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN VIET NAM ................................................. 28 3.1 CURRENT STATE OF THE SOLID WASTE SECTOR ..................................................................................... 28 3.1.1 Solid waste generation and composition ..............................................................................28 3.1.2 Segregation of waste at source in Viet Nam ........................................................................30 3.1.3 Collection and transportation of solid waste in Viet Nam .....................................................30 3.1.4 Diversion, treatment and disposal of solid waste in Viet Nam .............................................31 3.1.5 Greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector in Viet Nam ...........................................33 3.2. POLICIES ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAM .......................................................................... 34 3.2.1 General policies on solid waste management at national level ............................................34 3.2.2 Policies on waste collection and treatment at the regional level ..........................................36 3.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SOLID WASTE SECTOR IN VIET NAM ....................................... 37 3.4 CONCLUSIONS : BARRIERS TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN VIET NAM ................................................. 39 4. ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE SOLID WASTE SECTOR OF VIET NAM .................. 41 4.1 INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT ................................................................................................................... 41 4.2 OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR VIET NAM ................. 42 4.2.1 Composting of Waste ...........................................................................................................42 4.2.2 Anaerobic Digestion of Waste ..............................................................................................45 4.2.3 Production of Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) .............................................................................46 4.2.4 Material Recovery and Recycling .........................................................................................46 4.2.5 Technology Assessment ......................................................................................................47 4.2.6 Discussion ............................................................................................................................50 4.3 THE INTEGRATED RESOURCE RECOVERY CENTER MODEL –A GOOD PRACTICE FOR THE ADOPTION OF WASTE -TO -RESOURCE APPROACHES IN VIET NAM .......................................................................................... 52 PART II – DESIGN ELEMENTS OF THE WASTE-TO-RESOURCE NAMA FOR CITIES IN VIET NAM ......................... 55 5. ELEMENTS OF THE WASTE-TO-RESOURCE NAMA AND BOUNDARIES OF THE PROGRAMME.................. 56 5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 56 5.2 GOALS AND SCOPE OF THE NAMA ............................................................................................................ 56 5.3 MEASURES SUPPORTED BY THE NAMA PROGRAMME AND BARRIER ANALYSIS ....................................... 58 5.4 SPECIFIC MEASURES SUPPORTED BY THE WASTE -TO -RESOURCE NAMA .............................................. 63 5.5 BENEFITS OF THE NAMA PROGRAMME ..................................................................................................... 64 6. BASELINE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION SCENARIOS OF THE NAMA PROGRAMME .... 67 6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 67 6.2 BASELINE SCENARIO .................................................................................................................................. 67 6.3 NAMA SCENARIO ....................................................................................................................................... 70 6.3.1 Solid waste treatment through composting in the NAMA scenario ......................................71 6.3.2 Solid waste treatment through the production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) ........................73 6.3.3 Solid waste treatment through recycling methods ................................................................74 6.3.4 Solid waste treatment through anaerobic digestion .............................................................75 2 6.3.5 Total potential emission reduction of the Waste-to-Resource NAMA ..................................77 6.4 MEASUREMENT , REPORTING AND VERIFICATION (MRV) SYSTEM OF THE NAMA .................................. 78 7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND FINANCING OF THE NAMA ........................................................ 82 7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 82 7.2 PROPOSED INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE WASTE -TO -RESOURCES NAMA ........................ 82 7.3 ESTIMATED COST OF THE NAMA PROGRAMME ........................................................................................ 88 7.4 FINANCING MODALITIES FOR THE NAMA .................................................................................................. 90 8. ROADMAP OF IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................................... 91 8.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 91 8.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING ........................................................................ 92 8.3 PILOTING DESIGN ELEMENTS OF THE NAMA ............................................................................................ 94 8.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS ............................................................................................................................. 96 9. LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 97 ANNEX I – THE IRRC MODEL AS A GOOD PRACTICE IN VIET NAM FOR THE CONVERSION OF WASTE INTO RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 99 ANNEX II – MEASURES ENDORSED BY THE NAMA ......................................................................................... 106 ANNEX III – MODELING OF THE BASELINE SCENARIO .................................................................................... 113 A.3.1 METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING GHG EMISSIONS IN THE BASELINE SCENARIO ............................ 113 A.3.2 ACTIVITY DATA ...................................................................................................................................... 114 A.3.3 ESTIMATION OF THE EMISSION FACTOR .............................................................................................. 120 A.3.4. EMISSION REDUCTION RESULTS ......................................................................................................... 121 ANNEX IV – MODELING OF THE NAMA SCENARIO .......................................................................................
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