Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 42 of 85

LANGUAGE FUNCTION USED IN “NOW YOU SEE ME 2 MOVIE”: PURPOSE ANALYSIS OF LITERARY WORD

Olya Octa Devia Putri University of Bengkulu , e-mail :[email protected]

Safnil University of Bengkulu, e-mail : [email protected]

Kasmaini University of Bengkulu, e-mail : [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this research was to find outthe kinds of language function used and the distributions of frequency of language function by the main characters in “Now You See Me 2 Movie”. This research was conducted by using mixed method research. The instrument of this research was table checklist. The data were collected by the researcher and co-researcher through deep analysis of movie’s script. The result of the study showed that there were only five language functions found in the movie out of six language functions. They are referential function, phatic function, emotive function, conative function, and metalingual function. The distribution of language function frequency in “Now You See Me 2 Movie” isreferential funcion (35.2%?), phatic function (25.5%), emotive function (21,0%), conative function (15.8%), metalingual function (2.5%) and poetic function (0%). Based on theexplanation, refrential function is the most dominant language function used in the movie. The distribution was possibly caused by the genre of the movie. The genre of the movie was spy-thriller, in which the most commonly used expression was to the point, imperative, and straight foward.

Keywords: Language, Language Function, Movie, Script

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan macam-macam fungsi bahasa yang digunakan dan penyebaran fungsi bahasa oleh para pemeran-pemeran utama di film “ Now You See Me 2”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode gabungan penelitian. Instrumen dari penelitian ini adalah ceklish tabel. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh peneliti dan pembantu penelitimelalui analisis yang mendalam terhadap naskah film. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hanya lima fungsi bahasa yang ditemukan di film dari enam fungsi bahasa. Fungsi- fungsi itu adalah, fungsi referensial, fungsi phatik, fungsi emotif, fungsi konatif, dan fungsi metalingual. Penyebaran dari frekuensi fungsi bahasa di film “Now You See Me 2” adalah fungsi referensial (35.2%), fungsi phatik (25.5%), fungsi emotif (21,0%), fungsi konatif (15.8%) fungsi metalingual (2.5%), dan fungsi puitik (0%). Berdasarkan penjelasan, fungsi referensial merupakan fungsi yang paling banyak digunakan di film. Penyebarannya kemungkinan disebabkan oleh genre dari film itu sendiri. Genre dari film ini adalah spy- thriller, dimana ekspresi yang biasanya digunakan berupa ungkapan langsung, ungkapan perintah dan ungkapan terus terang.

Kata kunci:Bahasa, Fungsi Bahasa, Film, naskah. Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 43 of 85

INTRODUCTION makes them difficult to understand the Language is a system of communication meanings or messages contained in the consisting of sound, words, and grammar movie. Based on informal interview of or the system of communication used by students in fifth semester in Universitas people in a particular country. Bengkulu, the researcher found some Communication is divided into two kinds: problems in watching film or movie. The verbal communication and non verbal common problems experienced by students communication. Verbal communication is in watching movie were new vocabulary or oral language or communication by using unfamiliar words, grammar or function word said. According to Hasist (2007), grammar (including language function) non verbal communication is a and others. communication by using media such as One of the problems was language article. Based on the context of language, function. It was occured because this in talking about language people must object has not taught in detail. So, the know about the function of language itself. researcher chooses language function as Arwood (2011) states that language the object of the research because the function is to develop a human’s social, reseracher wants to know how deep the cognitive being and greater than the sum students understand about language of the structures. function and how far they are Since the technology has advanced, understanding it by recognizing those people can learn language function in language function in a movie. many ways, such as reading book, This study , the researcher chooses watching film or movie, listening music Now You See Me 2 movie, because this and others. Movie is one of medium in movie has many viewer especially English which we can find many language students of Universitas Bengkulu in 21 functions. According to Bordwell and cinema Mega Mall Bengkulu. Now you Thompson (2008), film is a form of art See Me 2 Movie is an American movie with an aesthetic and a language all its with the genre spy-thriller in 2016 which is own. Everyone likes watching movie, from a sequel movie of Now You See Me children to adults. They can stay on the TV (2013). Spy thriller genre is one kinds of to watch their favorite movies or films. the sub-genre thriller. This sub-genre Movie is simply short of motion focuses on the travels and adventure of pictures (Barsam, 2010). It is produced by agents in the office or out of the field. creating images using animation This movie uses some unexpected trick to techniques or visual effects or by recording make the viewer agaze and schock. The photographic images with cameras. story of the movie is about magic trick and According Bordwell and Thompson the author made this movie looked so real (2008), there are two principal ways of by using a real trick magic. Many grouping films. The first way is by genre unpredictable incidents happend and it was and the second way is by some conception out of our logic. This movie tells us about of the film’s relation to reality (its manner the next job for “The Horsemen” who of production). wants to expose the unethical practices of As we know that, not everyone can a tech magnate by Walter Mabry. easy understand a movie because movie or The research questions of the study film uses oral language. Many implisit are: what kinds of language function are meanings in a movie can be found. It found in “Now You See Me 2 Movie” Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 44 of 85

based on Jakobson’s theory? and How is In this research, this movie contain the distribution of language function with spy-thriller genre. According to Jamie frequency found in “Now You See Me2 (2014), spy-thriller genre is the types of Movie”?. This research focuses on the sub-genre focuses on the travels and language functions used by the main adventure of agents in the office. In spy- characters of this movie. They are Dyland thriller genre, the main character often Rhodes, Daniel Atlas, Jack Wilder, Merritt fails, it means that there is almost always a McKnney and Lula. chance evil take over or a war accross the In general, language function is the word will take place. purpose of speaking that sentence or pharase. According to Jakobson (1987), METHOD language function must be invertigated in This study was designed as mixed method all the variety of its functions. There are research. This research focus on sixs function of language function based identifying the six kinds of language on Jakobson’s theory, they are: refrential function based on R. Jakobson theory in function, emotive function, conative the whole of Now You See Me 2 Movie. function, phatic function, metalingual Creswell (2008), mixed method research is function and poetic function. a procedure for collecting, analyzing and Referential function is the utterance mixing qualitative and quantitative data at associated with an orientation toward the the same stage of the research within a context (Jakobson, 1987). For example: singel study in order to understand a Water boils at 100 degrees. Emotive research problem more completely. In this function is expressive function, focusing method, the researcher will used movie on the aims a direct expression of the script as the data to be analyzed. speaker’s attitude toward what he /she is The subject of this research is all going to speak about. For example: the dialogues of the main characters in “bah!”, “oh!’, “ouch!”. Conative function “Now You See Me 2 Movie”. It has 26 is the purest gramatical expression in the scenes that contained the conversation vocative and imperative sentence. For with main characters. The main characters example: “Zidan! Come inside and eat!”. are Dyland Rhodes, Daniel Atlas, Merritt Phatic function is opening or checkingthe McKnney, Jack Wilder, and Lula. Based channelthat it is working(Cook,1989). on a survey in Bengkulu, this movie According to Jakobson (1987), phatic released on 10 June 2016 at 21 Cinema function is the utterance associated with an Mega Mall and got many viewer, oriented toward the context. For example: especially English Students of Universitas “Hello?”, “How are you?”. Metalingual Bengkulu. function is using utterance to analyze Theinstrument of this research is a language on the code. For example: “Tit table checklist. It is used to categorize data for tat bro”.And poetic function is a set into several groups. In this term, the data toward message as such focus on the are the conversations contain main message for its own sake (Jakobson, characters in “Now You See Me 2” Movie. 1987). For example : “Smurf” The table consists of 6 rows with different The researcher chooses the theory labels. Thye are types of language of R. Jakobson for her research, because function, example, code, description, this theory is very suitable for literary keyword and frequency. The way to set the word. By using this theory, the researcher data are identifying six kinds of language hopes that the students or readers will be function based on R. Jakobson’s theory by easier to understand a meaning of the looking the keyword (intonation, faced, utterance in learning languge functions. body language, gestures and body Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 45 of 85

movement) aftaer that coding the utterance researcher and co-researcher will analyze such as : RF for referential, E for emotive, the movie script based on steps and the C for conative, PH for phatic, M for keyword in research instrument. After that, metalingual and P for poetic. Then count they will give the utterance ‘code’ based the frequency of each language functions. on six kinds of language function. The data Finally, researcher will display the data from the researcher and co researcher into table of data analysis. would be combined and analyzed to find There are several steps to collect out whether or not there isdifferent finding the data: (1) Watching Now You See Me 2 between the result from data 1 (researcher) movie, (2) Copying the movie script of and data 2 (co researcher) to get the Now You See Me 2 on answer number two. www.springfieldspingfield.co.uk, (3) Looking at and comparing the dialogue in RESULT AND DISSCUSSION the movie to the movie script to find out A. Kinds of Language Function whether or not dialogue and script are the The result of this study showed that from same, (4) Identifying the six kinds of six language function only five language R.Jakobson theory in the whole of movie`s function found by the researcher and co- dialogue that consist of Referential, researcher. The co-researcher analyzed emotive, phatic, conative, poetic, and whole of scenes Now You See Me 2 metalingual functions by looking at the Movie. The result of finding between keyword (intonation, body language, researcher and co-researcher: gesture, faced, body movement), (5) Coding and underline the utterance based Table 1. The Frequency of Language on R. Jakobson theory ( RF for referential, Function Found by Researcher and Co- E for emotive, C for conative, PH for Researcher phatic, M for metalingual and P for No Kinds of Researcher Co- poetic), (6) Count the frequency of the use . Language Researc of each language functions and compare Function her with co-researcher, (7) Display the data 1. Referential 258 255 into table. Function This part of the research will explain 2. Phatic 187 188 about how the way data can get the Function trustworthiness. The researcher will use 3. Emotive 154 154 triangulation to check the trustworthiness Function of the data. In analyzing the data, the 4. Conative 115 115 researcher will be helped by co-researcher, Function a student of English Education Study 5. Metalingul 18 18 Program at Universitas Bengkulu in Function semester 7 who had learned about language function and he acquired high score in this study. In this research, the utterances and the researcher is 187 As can bee seen in table 1, there is utterances. Then, the language function as little differences on data between the emotive, conative and metalingual researcher and co-researcher. The co- function have the same data between co- researcher found that referential function is researcher and researcher, that is 154 255 utterances and the researcher found utterances as emotive function, 115 258 utterances in the movie. For the phatic utterances as conative function and 18 function, the co-researcher found 188 utterances as metalingual function. So, it Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 46 of 85

means that the analysis from the researcher and it can be proved. The distribution of and co-researcher are similar. language functions in a movie depends on the situation of the movie itself. Due to the B. What is The Distribution of genre of the movie which is spy-triller and Language Function Frequency Found in contains many conversations, referential Now You See Me 2 Movie function mostly appears than others functions. Phatic, emotive, conative, and 1. The Distribution of Frequency of metalingual function do not always appear Language Function in every scene because this movie only This movie has 26 scenes. But, not all the describes or explains small talk or functions were appeared in all scene. Here greetings, showed emotion, giving is the table of distribution of frequency of command, and code in certain situation. language function : 2. The Occurance of Dominant Table 2. The Distribution of Frequency Language Functions of Language Function As finding of the research, it was found that there were three kinds of language No Kinds of The Total Frequen % Language Number cy of function that were dominantly used in Function of Scene Languag Now You See Me 2 movie. Here is the Where e table of the occurance of three dominant The Items Functio Were n language function used : Found 1. Referential Outof24 258 35.2 Table 3. The Occurance of Dominant Function 2. Phatic Outof23 187 25.5 Language Functions Function 3. Emotive Outof22 154 21.0 No. Kinds of Frequency % Function language 4. Conative Outof21 115 15.8 Function function 5. Metalingual Outof10 18 2.5 1. Referential 258 43.07 Function Function Total 732 100 2. Phatic 187 31.22 Function Based on table of distribution of 3. Emotive 154 25.71 language function, there were 26 scenes Function that contained conversation of the main Total 599 100 characters. From 26 scenes, referential function appeared in 24 scenes with 258 As can be seen in table 3, the most utterances (32.5%), phatic function dominant language function is referential appeared in 23 scenes with 187 utterances function. It was found there were 258 (25.5%),emotive function appeared in 22 utterances that contained referential scenes with 154 utterances (21.0%), function. This function appears when the conative function appeared in 21 main characters give the right information sceneswith 115 utterances (15.8%), and about something. The second dominant metalingual function appeared in 10 language function is phatic function. It was sceneswith 18 utterances (2.5%). The found that there were 187 utterances that referential function exists in24 scene contained phatic function. This function because this movie is a sequel of Now You was mostly used when the main characters See Me 2013. It means that the tried to open the communication or making information was true or based on the fact, a small talk. Emotive function is the third dominant language function used which Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 47 of 85

was found in 154 utterances in Now You language functions fom six language See Me 2 movie. This function was mostly function. According to Jakobson (1987), used in scene 29. In this scene, Lula used poetic function is the utterances where the emotive function to expresess her feeling. dominant in literary texts and the language The horsemen were caught by Walter’s tends to be more “opaque” than goons and were taken to his plane. As they conventional prose. take off, Chase suggests that they throw It can be seen from the result, the them all of the plane which makes Lula as distribution of the frequency of language a single ladies in The Horsemen affraid function was referential function (35.2%), and worried. Thus, she uses many it was the dominant probably because this utterances that contain emotive function in movie is a sequel of Now You See Me the movie. 2013. In several part or scenes, the main characters give the information about 3. The Absence of Poetic Function in something happened in the past and it still The Movie happen now. This function also appears In this research, it was found that poetic based on the situation and topic of the function was not used in Now You See Me conversation. If the information was right 2 movie. Poetic function is the expressing and it can be proved that was a referential interest, feeling, attitudes and many other function. in the form of poetry (Arum, 2014). In the Phatic function (25.5%), it was movie, the main characters used to the appeared when the main characters tried to point utterances for all the conversation. opened the communication, making small The researcher did not find any beautiful talk and keeping talking to someone else. language in the movie. The main This function usually used in the characters sometimes used slang language beggining of the conversation or meeting a in the conversation. new people like greetings “Hello. How are you?”, mentioning names, title “Atlas!”, Discussion Mr. Potter!”, commenting on something As presented in the finding section, it was obvious “Hi. You are busy!” and found that there were five out of six interrupting “Excusme. Can I borrow your language functions used by the main time for a minute?”. So, this movie used characters in “Now You See Me 2” movie. all of it. Like in scene 12, the horsemen go They are referential function, emotive to magic shop in Macau. They meet Lee, function, conative function, phatic and tried to make the conversation by function, and metalingual function. It using greetings. means that the main characters in “Now Then, the distribution of emotive You See Me 2” movie used language function (21.0%), it was appeared when functions based on the situations and the main characters express their emotion topics of converstion. The occurance of due to dangerous or exciting moment. In these language functions also depends on several scenes, the main characters were in the genre of the movie. The genre of this danger situation like Dyland drop into the movie is spy thriller which contains river, and when the horsemen thrown of elements of war, travel, action and the plane by Walters’ bodyguards. adventure. Due to the genre of the movie Conative function (15.8%), it was which is spy-thriller, poetic function was appeared when someone give the not found because this function was only command to others. In this movie, the found in a romantic genre, musical/dance most dominant used this function was film genre, novel, song and animation Dyland Rhodes because he is the leader of genre. Thus, the researcher only found five the horsemen. He gave a command to the Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 48 of 85

horsemen when they wanted to and she says everything about the performance on the stages, or they have a horsemen and something happend in the great job. past. Metalingual function (2.5%), it According to Cook (1989), phatic appeared when the main characters used function is the opening the channel or some code or implicit meaning to others. checking that it is working (“Hello,” This function mostly used by Merritt “lovely weather”, “Do you come here McKnney because he liked to joking often?” or for pratical ones (“Can you hear others people. me?”). In this research, phatic function Poetic function (0%), it was not appears in several scene of the movie and found because the situation and the genre this function used to open the of the movie was not suitable for the use of communication. In this movie, the genre is this language function. According to Arum spy-thriller genre. Spy thriller genre is a (2015), phoetic function is mostly found in sub-genre of thriller. It focuses on the novels, romantic movies and songs. On the travels and adventure of agents in the other hand, the genre of Now You See Me office or on the field. This movie took 2 Movie is spy-thriller, where the use of place in several places such as Macau, language tends to be imperative, to the NewYork and London. They meet many point and straightforward. So, that why new people and have some gripping poetic function did not appear in the situation. To open the communication such movie. as greeting, asking, changing topic and Based on the explanation of the making a small talk, the main characters distribution of each language function, it always used phatic function. So, that is found that there were three most dominant way phatic function appear in this movie. language functions in “Now You See Me Jakobson (1987), states that 2” movie which were referential function, emotive function is expressive phatic function and emotive function. function,focus on the aims a direct Referential function appears when the expression of the speaker. This function main characters try to says the right appears when the main characters show information about something. According their expression, feeling, and interesting. to Arista (2014), referential function is an This function gives the information about information carrier.It could be described a someone’s situation or feeling to the situation, object or mental state such as others. It can be seen by observing “The eart is round” and “The party is someone face (face expression) or when crowded”. Due to this movie is a sequel of someone is going to speak (intonation). Now You See Me (2013), in some This function appears in the movie when situations the main characters used the main characters are in bad or creepy referential function to recalls the memories situation like scene 29. Creepy situation is in the past or in previous movie. This when the horsemen was about to be functions also appears when the main thrown out of the plane. characters saidsomething had happened, From the explanation above, the their activity and it can be proved it. Such researcher found several differences as in scene 5, Daniel Atlas gives the between the previous study and this information to Jack and Merritt about research. The first previous study was someone who broke into his apartment and from Arum (2015) with title “An Analysis Lula knows everything about him, the of Language Function Found in Enchanted horsemen and Henley’s leaving. This Movie Script” from English Education utterance is found to be true in scene 4, Department Faculty of Tarbiyah and because Lula comes to Daniel apartment Teacher Training State Islamic Institute Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 49 of 85

(IAIN) of Tulungagung. The results of the Holmes II : A Game Of Shadows Movie. research showed that some language The result of this research was there were functions found in “Enchanted” movie 6 language functions found in the movie script were emotive function, directive based on Cook’s theory. They were function, phatic function, poetic function, expessive function, directive function, referential function, metalinguistic referential function, metalinguistic function and contextual function and the function, phatic function and poetic researcher found some messages and function. Another result showed that the communicating forms of the message in dominant types of language function was the movie script. The language metalinguistic function. Meanwhile, in this functionwhich mostly appears in sentences research, the researcher found that the of “Enchanted” movie script isdirective dominant types of language function Used function. In this research, the researcher in Now You See Me 2 movie was found that referential function was the Referential function. It happen because the most dominant used of language function, movie was a sequel of the previous movie because in this movie, the main characters and the main characters was a group of often shows the fact, and giving the right magician (the horsemen). So, they give information. right information each other. Sometime, Another study was from Arista they talked about what happen to them, the (2014) with title Language Functions Used fact and it can be prove it. By The Main Character In Sherlock movie. They were referential function, CONCLUSION phatic function and emotive function. (4) After analysing the usage of language Poetic function was not found because the function by the main characters of Now situation and the genre of the movie was You See Me 2 movie the conclusion can not suitable for the use of this language be explained as follow: (1)Out of possible function.The main characters did not use a language function only five language beautiful language in the scene. This function found in “ Now You See Me 2 movie was spy-thriller genre which means movie”. They were referential function, that the conversation used straight to the emotive function, conative function, phatic point language. Sometimes they use function and metalingual function. (2)The impolite and slang words in the distribution of language functions in this conversation. research showed that there were 26 scenes that contained conversation of the main Based on the explanation above, it can characters. From 26 scenes, referential be concluded that the conversation of this function appeared in almost of the scenes movie is very clear and to the point. The with 258 utterances (35.2%) out of 24 researcher did not found poetic function scenes, phatic function was 187 utterances because the genre of this movie is spy- (25.5%) out of 23 scenes, emotive function thriller. This genre contains the was 154 utterances (21.0%) out of 21 combination of action, adventure, travel scenes, conative function was 155 and politic. So, the main characters do not utterances (15.8%) out of 21 scenes, use a beautiful language. metalingual function 18 utterances (2.5%) In this section, the researcher would out of 10 scenes and poetic function was 0 like to give some suggestions as follow: utterance (0%). (3)Among the five (1) For the readers and students, this language functions, the researcher found research will be reference and give them that there were three kinds of language the more information about learning function that were mostly used in the language function especially in learning Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Vol.2.No.1.2018 Page 50 of 85

discourse analysis and functional Pragmatic Assessment and grammar. Because those of study related to Intervention fo Higher Order languge function. (2) This study can be Thinking and Better Literancy. reference for teachers in teaching and London N1 9JB, UK. learning linguistics especially in functional grammar or discourse analysis. The Barsam, Richard and Dave teachers can use a movie as a media to Mohanan.Looking at movies: An give background knowledge about Introduction to Film. New York. language functions to the students. (3) For Bordwell, D., and K. Thompson.2008. the future researcher, this research can be Film Art: An Intoduction. New used as reference for another study about York: Me Graw-Hill. language function because this study have many theorist, so you can choose it. Beatty, Jamie. 2014. Genre Research. Moreover, the researcher suggests the Retrivred on November 5th 2014 future researcher to analyze language from.https://www.slideshare.net/jamiethomas function in speech, advertisement, novel and social media (facebook, instagram or beatty/spy-thriller-genre-research-41148678 twitter). Cook.G .1989.Discourse.Oxford REFERENCES University Press. Arista, Sri DeviandMurni, Sri Minda Creswell, J.W. 2008. Educational (2014) :‘Language Functions Research :planning conducting Used By The Main Character In and evaluating quantitativeand Sherlock Holmes Ii: A Game Of qualitative approaches to Shadows Movie’. research (3rd.ed). Upper Saddle UniversitasNegeri Medan. River,New Jersey: Merrill/Pearson Education. Arum, Nova Puspita. 2015. An Analysis of Language Function Found in Hasist, Muhammad (2007). An analysis of Enchanted Movie Script. IAIN language function used by Marcus Tulungagung Burnet in Bad Boys II film. Jakarta : Universitas Syarif Hidayahtull. Arwood, Ellyn L. 2011. Language Function : An Introduction to Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Jakobson, Roman. 1987. Language in literature. London, England: