FACTORS AFFECTING DENGUE BLOOD FEVER (DHF) IN BANJARBARU CITY, SOUTH KALIMANTAN Nia Kania1, Lenie Marlinae2, Tien Zubaidah3 1Departement of Pathology Anatomy, Ulin General Hospital, South Kalimantan, Indonesia 2Public Health Study Program, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Indonesia 3Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Banjarmasin,South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Abstract - Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an infectious disease that can be fatal in a relatively short time. This disease can affect all ages, both children and adults. The Province of South Kalimantan is one of the 6 provinces recorded as provinces that have experienced an increase in cases or outbreaks of DHF. In 2017 there are 6 districts / cities with the most attacks of DHF, including Banjarbaru City, Banjar Regency, Tabalong, Tanah Bumbu, Hulu Sungai Selatan, and Hulu Sungai Tengah. This research is an observational study with an explanatorycase control research design.Population of this study is the community of Banjarbaru City with a total sample of 100 respondents. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that there are variables related to the incidence of DHF in Banjarbaru City, namely the habit of recycling used goods (p-value = 0.045) and unrelated variables including occupant density (p- value = 0.197) and use of bed nets (p- value = 0.423).
Keywords: DHF, Environmental Health
I. INTRODUCTION Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an infectious disease that can be fatal in a relatively short time. This disease can affect all ages, both children and adults. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the environment-based infectious diseases, which until now is still a big problem in the community, because DHF is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the community (1). This disease is very rapid transmission so that the increase in incidence is greatly influenced by the accuracy of handling and prevention. Until now there are no drugs available to kill viruses or vaccines to prevent dengue infection. Treatment of patients with DHF are only sim p Tomatis and supportive. Regions that have a risk of becoming a dengue outbreak are generally areas with a dense population and high population mobility. Usually DHF outbreaks occur in the rainy season according to the disease transmission season (2). Data from all over the world shows that Asia ranks first in the number of dengue sufferers every year. Meanwhile, from 1968 to the present, the World Health Organization (WHO) noted that the country with the highest DHF cases in Southeast Asia was Indonesia, with the second highest number of dengue cases after Thailand. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still one of the main public health problems in Indonesia (3). The Province of South Kalimantan is one of the 6 provinces that were recorded as provinces that experienced an increase in cases or outbreaks of DHF. The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
DOI:10.21884/IJMTER.2019.6001.UMZHX 1
International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Volume 06, Issue 1, [January - 2019] ISSN (Online):2349–9745 ; ISSN (Print):2393-8161
(DHF) in South Kalimantan in 2014 reached 749 cases, of which 22 of them died. Whereas in 2013 the figure was double the 1,079 cases with 33 people died. In 2015, the number of dengue sufferers was 3,668 cases with 40 people killed. In addition to DHF, South Kalimantan is also an area prone to dengue fever. South Kalimantan Health Office records 155 villages and urban villages or about 10 percent of the number of villages are vulnerable or in the red category of dengue fever. Trend of DHF cases tends to decrease in 2017. When compared with the incidence of dengue in January 2016, there were 1,890 cases, which caused 14 people to die and in February 2017 there were 1,358 cases with 5 fatalities. Nevertheless, the incidence of DHF in South Kalimantan tends to fluctuate with an increase in cases from 2013-2016 and slightly decreased in 2017. It was recorded that as of early April 2016, the number of cases of dengue attacks that occurred reached 3,359 cases, with the death toll increasing to 22 people. The number of sufferers of dengue attacks rose sharply by 1,350 cases compared to the previous month. Most areas of DHF attacks include Banjarbaru City, Banjar Regency, Tabalong, Tanah Bumbu, Hulu Sungai Selatan, and Hulu Sungai Tengah. There are several factors that cause the incidence of DHF. If the community has a high awareness of cleanliness and environmental health, it will have a good impact on environmental health. Therefore, the proper handling of the knowledge, habits, attitudes, behavior of the community on the importance of hygiene and environmental health is closely linked to the successful handling of disease it's Dengue Fever. So, from that, researchers are interested in conducting research on the factors that influence the incidence of DHF in Banjarbaru City (4,5) .
II. METHOD This study is an observational study with a case control research design with type explanatory, the purpose to explain the causal relationship between research variables using survey methods and using questionnaires as a data collection tool. The population in this study were the people of Banjarbaru City which were spread in 5 Subdistricts namely South Banjarbaru District, North Banjarbaru District, Cempaka District, Landasan Ulin District and Liang Anggang District . The 5 sub-districts in detail were divided into 2 0 kelurahan with 100 respondents .
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1. Results of Univariate Analysis No. Variable Category Frequency % Qualify 97 97.0 1 Density of occupants Not eligible 3 3.0 Ordinary 87 87.0 2 Habits of Recycling Used Goods Unusual 13 13.0 Ordinary 32 32.0 3 Use Mosquito net Unusual 68 68.0
Based on the table above, it is known that the majority of the residence of respondents have a density of occupancy that meets the requirements with percentage 97% of respondents. The density of residents
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International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Volume 06, Issue 1, [January - 2019] ISSN (Online):2349–9745 ; ISSN (Print):2393-8161 is categorized as eligible when the ratio of the room with the number occupants ≥ 10 m2 / person. Aedes aegypti has the habit of sucking blood repeatedly to fill the stomach with blood. Thus this mosquito is very infective as an infectious disease. After sucking blood, this mosquito perches (rests) inside or outside the house. Because the flying distance of mosquitoes is estimated at 50 meters, the density of occupants is one of the factors that cause transmission of dengue disease (6). Based on the table above, it is known that the majority of respondents have positive habits in preventing the incidence of dengue in their environment. There are 87% of respondents who have the habit of recycling used goods. The main prevention of dengue fever lies in eliminating or reducing the vector of dengue fever mosquitoes namely Aedes aegypti. Environmental methods are used to control mosquitoes through the Eradication of Mosquito Nests (PSN), solid waste management, modification of mosquito breeding sites as a by-product of human activities, and improvement of home design. The habit of recycling used goods is an effort to control the breeding of mosquitoes through modification of mosquito breeding sites as a result of human activities (7). Based on the table above, it is known that 68 % of respondents did not use mosquito nets to prevent the occurrence of DBD. The use of mosquito nets is intended to prevent the bite of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, especially during the day which is the peak of mosquito activity.
Table 2.Results ofBivariate Analysis DHF incident Variable p-value DHF Not dengue Density of occupants n % n % Not eligible 1 33,33 2 66.7 0.197 Qualify 6 6.2 91 93.8 The habit of recycling used goods Not 4 4.6 83 95.4 0.045 There is 3 23,1 10 75.9 Sleeping habits using mosquito nets Yes 1 3.1 31 96.9 Not 6 9.0 61 91 0.423
Based on the table above it can be seen that there are variables that have a relationship with the incidence of dengue in Banjarbaru City, namely habit of recycling used goods ( p-value = 0.045) and unrelated variables include occupant density ( p-value = 0.197) and use of bed nets ( p-value = 0.423).
IV. DISCUSSION DHF events can cause death, therefore the incidence of DHF needs to be addressed based on factors that can be related to the incidence of DHF. High incidence of DHF can be affected by mobility and population density (6). Based on Gertsman's 2003 theory, the components of the cause of an illness can be classified based on the characteristics of the epidemiological triangle of hosts, agents, andenvironment(8). If viewed from the characteristics of host and environment there are several risk factors that can lead to the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Banjarbaru City. Based on environmental characteristics there is a relationship between the habit of recycling used goods with the incidence of DHF ( p-value = 0.045) .
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International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER) Volume 06, Issue 1, [January - 2019] ISSN (Online):2349–9745 ; ISSN (Print):2393-8161
This is in line with research Arum Sari (2014) which meny Atakan that there hubunga n between practices utilize or recycle used goods with the incidence of dengue in Wilaya h Genuk health center (pValue-= 0,025) (9). Aedes aegypti has the habit of sucking blood repeatedly to fill the stomach with blood. Thus this mosquito is very infective as an infectious disease. After sucking blood, this mosquito perches (rests) inside or outside the house. Because the flying distance of mosquitoes is estimated at 50 meters, the density of occupants is one of the factors that cause transmission of dengue .
V. CONCLUSION 1. There is no relationship between occupant density and incidence of dengue in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan. 2. There is a relationship between the habit of recycling used goods with the incidence of dengue in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan. 3. There is no relationship between the use of mosquito nets with the incidence of dengue in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan.
REFERENCES 1. Lidya Trisnadewi, Ni Nyoman;Wande,I Nyoman.Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Serology Examination, Primary Infection, Secondary Infection. E-Journal Medika Udayana, [Sl], v.5, n.8, aug.2016. ISSN 2303-1395.Available at:
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