In This Issue

August 2013 Volume XLII Number 8 The A Publication of the American Translators Association CHRONICLE The Voice of Interpreters and Translators In this issue: Medical Terminology and Judiciary Interpreters Preparing Documents for Translation Translating Beppe Severgnini REGISTER & save! i "$&/0". 5 0! 0,/2" ' To see the savings and register today, visit WANTED www.atanet.org/conf/2013/register.htm. BOOK YOUR ROOM i ..&,00&2". "+0". 101 Bowie Street, San Antonio, Texas 78205

,,*0"/ (exclusive of tax) Single = $232 / Double = $242 ATA rates include complimentary Internet Special rates are available for ATA conference attendees until October 14, 2013, or as space allows. Make reservations online at www.atanet.org/conf/2013/hotel.htm. American Translators Association Or call +1-800-228-9290 and reference the The Voice of Interpreters and Translators “American Translators Association.” 54th Annual Conference stay and win i San Antonio i Texas &+,+"#.""+&$%0 ..&,00&2". "+0".,2"* ". 4 Stay at the Marriott Rivercenter and be entered to win! Five winners will be selected. Learn more at www.atanet.org/conf/2013/win.htm. : ))0%"+"03,.(&+$+! REWARD "!1 0&,+5,1+""! REASONs TO ATTEND i ,++" 03&0%,2". ,))"$1"/#.,*.,1+! &!",/%,0,/-"2&"3/ 0%"3,.)!/%."5,1.&+0"."/0/+!"4-".&"+ "/ Read what attendees have said, see photos and +! 1&)! -,0"+0&) -.0+"./%&-/! %,,/" #.,* videos, and check out previous conferences. Visit www.atanet.org/conf/2013/why_attend.htm /"//&,+/)".+-. 0& )/(&))/+!0%",.5 " to see what the buzz is about. &+/-&."! 5+"3&!"/+!',&+0%"!&/ 1//&,+/ 0%0*00".0,5,1+!5,1.-.,#"//&,+! PROMOTE YOURSELF i 4%& &0 -,+/,. !2".0&/" visit us online Reach over 1,500 attendees who need your services and products. Learn more at 333!0+"0!,.$0 ,+#0 www.atanet.org/conf/2013/advertise.htm. August 2013 Volume XLII American Translators Number 8 Association A Publication 225 Reinekers Lane August 2013 of the Suite 590 Contents American Alexandria, VA 22314 USA Translators Tel: +1-703-683-6100 Association Fax: +1-703-683-6122 FEATURES E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.atanet.org Anatomy and Physiology and Judiciary Editor 10 Jeff Sanfacon Interpreters [email protected] By Jennifer De La Cruz Proofreader Interpreters can be caught off guard when it comes to interpreting the details Sandra Burns Thomson surrounding wounds, injuries, and common medical conditions discussed in both criminal and civil litigation. By studying the terminology we anticipate encountering, 10 Art Directors we are being proactive about an extremely important aspect of our work. Ellen Banker Amy Peloff The Words Others Use to Advertising 13 Caron Mason, CAE Describe Those Who Translate [email protected] By Nataly Kelly +1-703-683-6100, ext. 3003 How do others describe those who translate, and how do they refer to the Fax: +1-703-683-6122 environment in which these individuals and organizations work?

Executive Director Walter Bacak, CAE 16 Essential Steps for Preparing a [email protected] Document for Translation: Membership and General Information A Project Manager’s Perspective 13 Lauren Mendell By George Rimalower [email protected] Here are a few essential steps that lead to consistent, high-quality translation services. Website: www.atanet.org

The ATA Chronicle (ISSN 1078-6457) is Author and Translator: A Success Story published monthly, except bi-monthly in 20 November/December, by the American By Giles Watson Translators Association, 225 Reinekers This article outlines the landmark projects in a satisfying working relationship—and Lane, Suite 590, Alexandria, VA 22314 friendship—that spans two decades. USA. Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The ATA Chronicle, 225 Reinekers Lane, Suite 590, COLUMNS Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. 5 From the President 8 From the Executive Director The American Translators Association (ATA) was established in 1959 as a not- 6 From the President-Elect for-proﬁt professional society to foster and support the professional development of translators and interpreters and to DEPARTMENTS promote the translation and interpreting professions. The subscription rate for a 9 Letters to the Editor 31 Upcoming Events member is $43 (included in the dues 24 Standard Issue 32 Dictionary Review payment). The U.S. subscription rate for a 26 The Entrepreneurial Linguist 34 The Translation Inquirer nonmember is $65. Subscribers in Canada and Mexico add $25; all other 27 Interpreters Forum 36 Humor and Translation non-U.S. subscribers add $45. Single 28 Blog Trekker 38 Exam Sittings copies are available for $7 per issue. 29 GeekSpeak 38 New Certified Members 30 Member News 20 ©2013 American Translators Association

Reprint Permission: Requests for permission to reprint articles American Translators Association should be sent to the editor of The ATA The Voice of Interpreters and Translators Chronicle at [email protected]. Our Authors August 2013

Jennifer De La Cruz is a federally certi- George Rimalower was educated in fied court interpreter and ATA-certified Argentina and the U.S. He founded ISI Spanish<>English translator. She is a full-time Translation Services in 1982. He is a state- staff court interpreter in Southern California. certified (California) interpreter. A native She has taught both medical and legal inter- Spanish speaker, he was educated in preting for over 10 years and has extensive Argentina and the U.S. He speaks English, experience as an interpreter and translator in Spanish, and German. He is a frequent the acute care hospital setting. Contact: lecturer at events sponsored by ATA, [email protected]. Localization World, the Society for Technical Communication, and the California Health Interpreters Association, among others. Contact: [email protected]. Nataly Kelly is the vice-president of market development at Smartling, a cloud-based transla- Giles Watson is a full-time freelance tion management company. She is the co-author Italian>English translator. He has been the of Found in Translation: How Language Shapes translation coordinator and editor for Our Lives and Transforms the World. She pub- Gambero Rosso’s Italian Wines (Vini d’Italia) lishes a free monthly newsletter for interpreters, guide since 2001. In addition, he has been Interpreter’s Launch Pad, available at www. translating for the Italian newspaper Corriere interprenaut.com. Contact: [email protected]. della Sera on a daily basis since 2003. He has collaborated with Italian writer Beppe Severgnini, initially as an advisor on Severgnini’s L’inglese. Lezioni semiserie Don’t Miss ATA’s and subsequently as the translator of An Italian in America and Mamma Mia! 54th Annual Conference Berlusconi’s Italy Explained to Posterity and Friends Abroad. He has a degree in modern and medieval languages from the University of Cambridge. Contact: [email protected]. San Antonio i Texas Marriott Rivercenter | November 6-9, 2013 www.atanet.org/conf/2013

Advertising Directory 25 Landmark Audio Technologies Did you know? www.LandmarkFm.com 81% of subscribers read the advertisements 40 MadCap Software in The ATA Chronicle and 36% of the readers www.madcapsoftware.com BUY the products that are advertised. To place your ad, contact: Caron Mason, CAE +1-703-683-6100 [email protected] EXT. 3003

4 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 From the President Dorothee Racette [email protected]

InterpretAmerica Summit Highlights

This year’s InterpretAmerica Summit brought together some 150 The greatest challenge associated with technology, interpreters from many different work settings to the Washington, DC area to both for interpreters and translators, lies in explore the latest developments in the profession. The annual event was origi- retaining control over our work and the nally started to encourage dialogue associated intellectual property and pay. among various interpreter groups, but has grown over the past years to include discussions about technology and the business of interpreting. This technical development comes required for our work, and some tool The first day of the Summit is tradi- on the heels of a similar upheaval of designers seem to overlook how small tionally dedicated to discussions in working realities for translators, which— the pool of qualified linguists actually small groups in order to establish action reassuringly—has not resulted in the is. The greatest challenge associated priorities for the coming year. The much-cited demise of the entire profes- with technology, both for interpreters Coalition of Interpreting Associat- sion. As it turns out, the demand for and translators, lies in retaining control ions—a loose group of U.S. interpreting skilled linguists keeps increasing over our work and the associated intel- organizations formed last year to because globalization and new regula- lectual property and pay. While we improve dialogue and interaction tions for health care settings and the should welcome technology that makes among various groups representing courts drive up the volume of material to our work easier and more productive, interpreters—is actually an outgrowth be translated and situations to be inter- ATA is committed to offering the neces- of such discussions at past summits. preted. The lesson we have learned—and sary outreach and educational activities The work of the Coalition has inten- keep learning—is that our profession to ensure that the resulting gains actu- sified over the past months, and one of cannot afford to reject technology. ally go to those whose skills and abili- the small-group discussions this year At the same time, individual transla- ties drive our industry. focused on its future tasks. Together tors and interpreters are well advised to Events such as InterpretAmerica play with co-moderator Izabel Arocha of the understand and utilize tools for their an integral part in helping us learn from International Medical Interpreters benefit. Many of the tools advertised as one another as we strive to adapt to the Association, I facilitated the conversa- “innovative” and “groundbreaking” fail changing dynamics of our industry in tions of three groups. In the end, it was to understand and appreciate the skills order to serve our clients’ needs. determined that the Coalition will focus and extensive professional preparation on developing joint client education materials and a survey to be distributed widely among interpreters and clients. The second day of the Summit featured lightning talks concentrating on recent developments in technology, Win a Free Night in the Conference Hotel highlighting once again the revolution American Translators Association brought into our lives by smart devices and wireless communication. From 54th Annual Conference smartphone apps in health care to web- November 6-9, 2013 | San Antonio, TX cast interpreting, tablet platforms for interpreters, and a new app designed to Five lucky winners will receive one free night at the Marriott Rivercenter, the venue allow for instant human interpreting at for ATA’s 54th Annual Conference, November 6-9, 2013. Room reservations made before November 4th will the click of a virtual button, new automatically be entered to win. The winners will be announced at the Closing Session. approaches for interpreting seem to It is not unusual for ATA’s room block to be sold out before the Conference. Don’t wait! Book your room come on the market at an amazing pace online now. You will find more details on the conference website at http://atanet.org/conf/2013. and are changing the working landscape for interpreters.

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 5 From the President-Elect Caitilin Walsh [email protected] The First Time

Orientation Session for First-Time conference app, which will be back with ATA’s Annual Conference Conference Attendees improvements based on your feedback. is the largest professional event dedi- November 7, 11:30am-12:30pm We have added Zumba! to the early cated to practitioners of translation and If you do not get a chance to view the morning lineup as a high-energy alterna- interpreting—the people who actually webinar in advance, Jill also presides tive to the centering Breathe, Stretch and articulate words through writing or over the “Orientation Session for First- Move. The popular Speed Networking speaking. For veterans, it is the must-do Time Conference Attendees,” which event is also back. In addition, there will event each year—a chance to mingle presents much the same information be a Résumé Exchange for those who with colleagues old and new and brush and gives you the chance to get your want to interface with potential clients in up our skills. But at some point, we all questions answered. a more relaxed atmosphere. sported a pink “First-Time Attendee” Generous break times are still part of ribbon. That ribbon is there to remind us Buddies and Newbies the schedule, giving you a chance to all that we had a helping hand from this www.atanet.org/conf/2013/newbies.htm refuel with coffee, network, or visit the collegial bunch and that it is now our New this year, this optional program Exhibit Hall. You should also make turn to stretch out our hand. will pair first-time attendees with expe- time in between sessions to mosey on If this is your first conference, we rienced attendees. It kicks off over to the registration area to explore know it can be overwhelming. ATA Wednesday evening right before the and contribute to “For the Love of has prepared information to help you Welcome Reception, giving pink-ribbon T&I,” a new interactive exhibit where get the most out of your conference folks a familiar face throughout the con- attendees will be invited to share their experience, including: ference. Newbie/buddy pairs will be thoughts on what they love about trans- asked to attend one session together and lation and interpreting. Watch as the Free ATA Webinar have one meal together during the con- exhibit evolves over the course of the “Tips for Navigating Your ference so that Newbies can ask ques- conference, and learn about the passion First ATA Conference” tions and Buddies can offer personalized we all share for the translation and inter- www.atanet.org/webinars/ataWebinar advice. A session at the end of the con- preting fields. Be sure to add your pic- 116_first_timers.php ference will give participants a chance to tures and impressions to the social In this excellent free 60-minute debrief and offer advice for post-confer- media stream that will be available to webinar, veteran conference-goer Jill ence follow-up. both attendees and those who cannot Sommer covers topics such as how to join us in person. prepare for the conference, how to Something for Everyone pick the sessions you want to attend, For experienced attendees, fear Register Today! how to market and network effec- not: the program is chock full of edu- The conference buzz has already tively at the conference (e.g., what do cational sessions and events for started on Twitter (hashtag #ata54), and those colored dots on badges mean?), everyone, bringing back updated clever folks are getting a head start on and much more. Getting this informa- proven favorites and introducing freshening up their marketing material tion before the conference gives you a some new ones. (head shots, business cards, websites, leg up and helps you hit the ground Peruse the up-to-date schedule online etc.). Now is the time to nail down your running. And did I mention it is free? (see box below) and look for it in the conference registration and flight and hotel reservations. (Remember that staying in the conference hotel offers 54th Annual Conference many benefits, including being automatically entered to win a free night at the San Antonio i Texas hotel. Get reduced rates when you book by October 14th at www.atanet.org/ Marriott Rivercenter | November 6-9, 2013 www.atanet.org/conf/2013 conf/2013/hotel.htm.) I am looking forward to seeing old Program Schedule and new faces alike in San Antonio! www.atanet.org/conf/2013/sessionschedule.php Registration www.atanet.org/conf/2013/register.htm

6 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 Are You LinkedIn?

Sometimes it is a small world, and that is the point of LinkedIn.

E-Networking with ATA The ATA group on LinkedIn provides an ideal starting point for online networking. It also offers you contacts for individuals outside ATA who are connected to your fellow ATA members. Joining the ATA group on LinkedIn is a fast track to building your e-network. What is LinkedIn? LinkedIn is a free e-networking service that helps you create an online community of links to new contacts, prospective clients, and great jobs. Through a LinkedIn network you can discover inside connections and reach the clients you need to meet through referrals from people you already know and trust. Your professional relationships are key to building your business. How Does It Work? Begin by inviting colleagues and clients to join LinkedIn and connect to your network. Next, add to your community by searching LinkedIn for professional contacts you already know and inviting them to connect to you. Then, post a profile summarizing your professional accomplishments, associations to which you belong, schools you have attended, and places you have worked so that former business associates, co-workers, and classmates can find you and connect. Each connection expands your network. The result? Your network now consists of your connections, your connections’ connections, and the people they know, linking you to thousands of qualified professionals. Jump Start Your Networking with ATA Take advantage of your ATA membership. Joining LinkedIn through ATA gives you an instant community with opportunities to grow your network quickly. Don’t wait—get your online networking underway! To join, just visit www.atanet.org/linkedin.php. From the Executive Director Walter Bacak, CAE [email protected] Board Meeting Highlights

The American Translators during the Annual Conference. By Nominating and Leadership Association’s Board of Directors met making the appointments now, new Development July 27-28, 2013, in Houston, Texas. chairs will be better prepared and, thus, Dorothee Racette Here are some highlights from the more effective when they assume their Board meeting. positions at the end of the conference. Professional Development Here are the appointments: Marian S. Greenfield Budget: The Board approved the July 1, 2013-June 30, 2014 and 2014-2016 Active Membership Review Public Relations draft budgets. It is a $2.8 million Corinne McKay Paula Dieli budget. Business Practices Education Standards New Division: The Board approved Paula Gordon Alan Melby establishing the Educators Division (EdD). In addition, the Board Certification Terminology approved the appointment of Antonio Geoff Koby Barbara Inge Karsch Jiménez Jiménez as the acting administrator and Chris Silva as the acting Chapters Translation and Computers assistant administrator. Membership in Tess Whitty Corinne McKay EdD, like ATA’s other 17 divisions, is open to all ATA members. To join Dictionary Review On a final note, this Board meeting EdD, log in to your personal profile in Peter Gergay marks the last one, for now, for the Members Only area of the website. President Dorothee Racette, Treasurer You can join ATA divisions at any time Divisions Gabe Bokor, and Director Alan during the membership year. Karen Tkaczyk Melby. I note their departures as they are all long-time Board members, New Chapter: The Board approved the Education and Pedagogy with a combined 36 years of service Colorado Translators Association (CTA) Claudia Angelelli (Alan, 16; Gabe, 12; and Dorothee, as an ATA chapter. Welcome CTA 8). I wish to thank them for their time (www.cta-web.org)! ATA now has 14 Ethics and dedication to ATA. chapters and nine affiliated groups. Rudy Heller The Board meeting summary is posted online. The minutes will be Ethics Procedures: The Board ap- Finance and Audit posted once they are approved at the proved revisions to the Ethics Ted Wozniak next Board meeting. Past meeting sum- Procedures. These new procedures (pending the outcome of the maries and minutes are also available update and streamline how breaches election for treasurer) on ATA’s website at www.atanet.org/ of ATA’s Code of Ethics and membership/minutes.php. The next Professional Practice are addressed Governance and Communications Board meeting is set for November and handled while paying careful David Rumsey 9-10, 2013, in San Antonio, Texas, to be attention to due process. The revised held in conjunction with ATA’s 54th Ethics Procedures will be posted Honors and Awards Annual Conference. As always, the online (www.atanet.org/aboutus/ Lois Feuerle meeting is open to all members, and governance_policy_main.php). members are encouraged to attend. Interpretation Policy Advisory Committee Chairs: The Board appro- Cristina Helmerichs ved the appointment of ATA Committee Chairs, effective November 8, 2013. In Mentoring Register Today the past, these appointments were Susanne van Eyl ATA’s 54th Annual Conference approved at the Board meeting held www.atanet.org/conf/2013/register.htm

8 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 Letters to the Editor

Professional Judgment Is Not “Disdain”: A Linguist’s Reply to Nataly Kelly

Is language change inevitable? people see the need to invent a new buried in a sea of rhetoric about varia- Yes. Are there reasons, rooted in term when we already have one that tion and the “need to evolve.” decades of sociolinguistics research, means the same thing?” I cannot The point? Not all “variation” is cre- to reject bias against non-standard understand Kelly’s residual guilt, nor ated equal. Should we refrain from varieties? Yes. Is professionals’ use of why she would “despise” the question assessing (or “reacting to”) new terms technical terminology the same phe- wholesale, and I will not be shamed in our fields? No. Should we respect nomenon as the language use of out of critical thinking. Questioning social, ethnic, and other types of natural humans at large, including creative the utility of a new term in one’s field variation driven mostly non-teleologi- uses such as the coining of new slang (or the extension of an existing term) cally by non-linguists? Of course—but and vernacular? Absolutely not. is simply part of being a professional. then, as language professionals, I As an academic linguist main- Allow me to illustrate with exam- assume you already knew that. taining a side business in freelance ples of my own. As an academic lin- Ramón Escamilla translation since 2001, I passionately guist, I conduct fieldwork on Hupa, a Conway, AR oppose both the tone and the content Native American language, and I of Nataly Kelly’s April 2013 article research causative constructions. How Mature Are We? (“How Mature Are We, Really, When Now, I can name several analysts who I am writing concerning Nataly It Comes to Language?”). I offer a have used the term “causative” in Kelly’s article, “How Mature Are We, rebuttal to her core claim, a claim pre- ways in which I disagree. At least one Really, When It Comes to Lan- sented as a false dilemma: “We can use has, upon first sight, caused me to guage?” (April 2013 issue). While her either adopt an open, accepting have a “negative reaction,” because I remarks on regional accents and for- approach to language or a fearful and disagreed with the application of that eign words adopted along the way in purist one” (page 12). term to a given phenomenon. many languages are pertinent, I think I submit that evaluating uses of The literature on Hupa and related she eventually goes too far in trying to technical terminology, including “new languages contains a reasoned discus- make her point and uses pure real terms” that people “invent” (page 10), sion of why the term “classifier”— mistakes as examples of “region- is simply part of operating as a profes- once very common—is a poor choice alisms.” Nuclear, pronounced cor- sional. To assume axiomatically that of label for a certain set of prefixes. rectly, is pronounced “nu-cle-ar,” every new term (or extension of an The term used to be widely used, then period! I used to be married to one of existing term) is automatically useful its utility was questioned by other those “Southerners” who, according or necessary is to abdicate one’s experts; now it is used less. to Kelly, would have the perfect right responsibility to think critically about Are those experts (and am I, in the to say “nuc-u-lur.” He was a nuclear developments in one’s field. cases above) exhibiting “linguistic engineer and never said “nuc-u-lur,” Kelly’s argument opens with an loathing” or “disdain” or “immaturity” but always “nu-cle-ar,” as should be. anecdote about an instance when she by not accepting these terms for what As professional linguists, we should assumed “transcreation” was simply a they are? I can only hope that no one not accept it just because so many new label for localization. Some truly believes that we are. Kelly people say it. honest mistakes are of course admits at one point that “[i]t is one Monique-Paule Tubb inevitable. Perhaps Kelly’s assump- thing to identify attributes of a word in Bryn Mawr, PA tion was unfounded, and it did indeed a detached way so that we can select turn out to be incorrect. Conceptually, the perfect option.” This, however, is however, I firmly support her original gut reaction: while a “severe,” uncon- sidered “outburst” may not have been Don’t Miss ATA’s the best way of expressing it, the th question—“Is ‘transcreation’ simply a 54 Annual Conference new label for something that already has a widely-used label in my field, San Antonio i Texas and if so, do we need it?”—is a per- Marriott Rivercenter | November 6-9, 2013 fectly valid one. Ditto for “Why do www.atanet.org/conf/2013

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 9 Anatomy and Physiology and Judiciary Interpreters

By Jennifer De La Cruz

When we think of the variety of venues where interpreters work, it is easy to name at least a few subsets We often overlook medical terminology, despite of vocabulary that come up on a consistent basis. In our initial and how often anatomy and physiology are ongoing training as judiciary inter- involved in our work. preters, we are reminded continually of the terms we might encounter in expert testimony on subjects such as DNA, firearms, and fingerprint evi- beyond what we passively learn while when it comes to interpreting med- dence. However, we often overlook working in the court setting. We often ically-related testimony from lay and medical terminology, despite how limit our studies to bilingual glossaries expert witnesses. Back then, my task often anatomy and physiology are and dictionaries for general definitions was to interpret for just about every involved in our work. and translations, sometimes consulting aspect of life and death, including clin- It is easy to forget how the medical an encyclopedic resource for contex- ical symptoms, corrective surgeries, field is so closely related to what we tual information. Actively seeking out medico-social themes, psychological do every day as judiciary interpreters opportunities beyond the encyclo- illness, and beyond. Years later, and thus assume our general under- pedia, however, will help us develop a knowing how often medical issues standing of the subject will be suffi- full understanding of commonly dis- come up in court has made me realize cient without any proactive learning cussed medically-related themes. how helpful it is to have worked in that efforts. Even apparently simple Working as a medical interpreter for field, leading me to advocate for others processes such as examining, evalu- nearly a decade prior to my career with to find ways to gain broad medical ating, and treating a patient can be the courts has proven to be a lifesaver knowledge as well.

10 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 Language Neutral Sites for Medical Terminology As we know, actively searching for understanding to connect words to their context is an effort that rewards Here are some of the sites to help you in your study of medical us with better performance as judi- terminology. You should also search for bilingual glossaries, non-English ciary interpreters. Knowing how mental illness affects the dynamics of medical websites, and sites by physicians who offer expert witness a family, for example, or how a psy- testimony services. chiatric patient interacts with society might help us better understand a defendant or witness in court. Our 100 Best Sites and Resources for interpreting for a traumatized victim Med Students or a witness with head trauma might be enhanced if we have an under- www.nursingdegree.net/blog/29/100-best-sites-and-resources-for-med-students standing of the signs and symptoms of mental trauma or how speech is Videos of Surgical Procedures affected after a brain injury. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/surgeryvideos.html It is easy to overestimate our knowledge base about medical issues because of our life experiences. We Medical Terminology Activities: have all been sick, so we know the basic organs and body parts, and this Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes knowledge is probably pretty similar http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/med_term_activites in all of our working languages. Even This site lists activities to help you learn commonly used prefixes, suffixes, and when we are well versed in medical roots in human anatomy and physiology. themes because of passive knowledge gained in life, it is amazing how even personal comfort levels can be a bar- Medical Transcription rier to the search for understanding, especially when dealing with taboo or Dictionary and Abbreviations intimate themes. This was apparent www.angelfire.com/mt2/transcription/medical_dictionary_books.htm during an interpreting class I once taught, where the majority of the female students had shockingly limited knowledge about the various basic structures of female genitalia. Thus, we cannot say that everyone holds the same passive knowledge of guages. What will really take our shows on television or in movies, and anatomy and physiology, despite knowledge over the top, however, is can search for entries in medical and having their own bodies as an reading, watching, and listening to legal literature that give a more com- example. information that brings the terms to plete picture than what we might hear life and helps us remember them. during a trial. Once that autopsy Where to Begin For example, we can prepare for expert takes the stand and we have Judiciary interpreters can begin autopsy testimony by finding sources prepared ourselves with the specifics their study of medical terminology of essential vocabulary in our of the case, our learning efforts will with a list of commonly used words. working languages, then taking the provide a better idea of what the Some might start with lists of time to learn about autopsies in more expert is envisioning while giving prefixes, suffixes, root words, and detail. We can now watch them on the descriptions, and perhaps allow us to basic anatomy terms, and then seek to Internet (e.g., YouTube), have prob- predict where the testimony and ques- learn them in their working lan- ably seen them depicted in crime tioning may be headed. ·

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 11 Anatomy and Physiology and Judiciary Interpreters Continued

Brainstorm, Then Research Sometimes, the subjects where we need to expand our knowledge may Knowing that medically-related themes are so not be so apparent. What we can do is brainstorm about the types of cases common to court trials, it is incumbent upon us to go we might encounter on a daily basis, looking for subject matter that is not beyond the typical expert testimony glossaries. so familiar. The list might be overwhelming, but it is important to identify the areas where we need to investigate further. Of course, there aspects that we might take for granted analyze where we can stand to are always going to be the unusual about our knowledge in an extremely broaden our knowledge concerning cases where we have to really think on common type of case. Once we have the medical field, the human body, the our feet and research later; but as brainstormed the factors that might mind, the major diseases, and life and court interpreters, we know what case play into a particular type of case, we death. types come up most often. can hunt for resources in print and As we grow in our profession as For example, we see many cases of online to help us understand each judiciary interpreters, we have to be domestic violence, but: factor about which we should learn looking continually for ways to more. improve our knowledge in countless • How much do we really know areas. Knowing that medically-related about how a bruise heals? Never Stop Learning themes are so common to court trials, it Aspiring judiciary interpreters cur- is incumbent upon us to go beyond the • What skin features will tend to rently working in the medical field typical expert testimony glossaries. We show red marks longer, or what can rest assured that they will must analyze the case types we see and skin types tend to injure more someday be able to apply medical brainstorm all of the aspects of mental easily? knowledge to work in the courts. In and physical well-being that could fact, most of the felony trials for come into play. With endless resources • Where are bruises not likely to which I have interpreted have at our fingertips, we can no longer be have been caused by a fall? involved testimony about some sort of limited to knowing only what we have injury, or have required an under- picked up over the course of our career. • What is the thought process that standing of thought processes, atti- The time we take to think beyond this one might go through when an tudes, or triggers for criminal will serve us well, and take our per- argument begins to escalate, and behavior. Even if we are already com- formance to new levels. how does this affect decisions and fortable with the subject matter that the body’s reactions to stress? commonly comes up in court, it is still It is easy to see that there are many important to keep an open mind and

Get Your Copy of ATA’s Interpreting: Getting it Right Today!

For several years, translators have used the Translation: Getting it Right brochure to do just that. Interpreters now have the same opportunity to market their skills. ATA has published Interpreting: Getting it Right, a plain-speaking brochure that explains why hiring a professional interpreter is a good business decision. In a style similar to the very successful Translation: Getting it Right, the brochure is a quick read.

The brochure can be downloaded from ATA’s website in PDF format at www.atanet.org/getting_it_right_int.php. ATA members can also receive free copies by request. E-mail ATA's Member Relations and Office Manager Lauren Mendell at [email protected] for details.

12 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 Provider? The Words Others Use to Vendor? Describe Those Who LSP? Translate

Supplier?

By Nataly Kelly

In a previous article in the April translation world on a fairly frequent value of their work. Translation prac- issue (“How Mature Are We, Really, basis, but each one has different conno- titioners often argue that they should When It Comes to Language?”), I pro- tations, and therefore advantages and not be called “vendors,” as it dimin- vided an overview of the ways in which disadvantages. ishes their true status. They object to we describe the professional activities this term, because, as they argue, they in which we engage. But how do others The Much-Despised “Vendor” are not a vendor selling wares, but describe those who translate? Supplier? Let’s begin with the term that is rather, are offering a professional Provider? Vendor? LSP? And how do often viewed as the most controver- service. they refer to the environment in which sial: “vendor.” Over the years, I have However, whether we like this these individuals and organizations heard many translators and translation term or not, the reality is that it is a work? A market? An industry? A profes- companies object to this term on the very common term in many areas of sion? All of these terms are used in the basis that it does not reflect the true the industry. Translation agen- ·

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 13 The Words Others Use to Describe Those Who Translate Continued cies often use this term to refer to the freelancers in their database. Accordingly, the title of “vendor man- Whether a term is “appropriate” for a given context ager” is extremely common. Many translation management tools have depends on who is using it. also incorporated this term into their product documentation, referring to the feature set as “vendor management.” The main reason? Agencies not distinguish translation profes- are more mature and familiar with tend to manage not only translators, sionals from other types of organiza- industry-specific terminology, most but other freelancers as well—espe- tions or individuals, but it seems a bit customers do not use this term. Many cially desktop publishing specialists. more palatable to most people than translators do not use it either. As a result, an over-arching term such “vendor.” Most practitioners do not as “vendor” makes sense for their object to being referred to as service A “Supplier?” But of What? needs. providers. The fact that the service is Speaking of the “supply side” of But agencies often complain when not specified with this term means the industry, another term we often they are called “vendors” by their that it enables buyers and agencies to encounter is the word “supplier.” I clients. Just as with translators, agen- use it in much the same way as they have heard several objections to this cies dislike being cast into a group use “vendor.” term, often due to the fact that “sup- along with all kinds of other service The term “language service plier” can conjure up images of providers that offer products and serv- provider,” commonly abbreviated someone who supplies negative ices that are varied. The term LSP, is a variation on the term things, such as drugs or contraband. “vendor,” from a client’s perspective, “provider.” This term offers more As such, it does not necessarily always can refer to everyone from the com- specificity than “provider” on its own, carry the most positive connotations in pany that refills the toner in their but is also sometimes prone to confu- a language like English. The term does printers to the accounting profession. The term was originally intro- not necessarily pose the same problem sionals they have registered on their duced by the research firm Common when used in other languages. “approved vendor” list. While transla- Sense Advisory in order to describe However, it is important to under- tion agencies rarely like this term, those organizations with two or more stand that the term “supplier” typi- client companies often find it conven- employees that provide “language cally comes from the market research ient to refer to translation agencies services.” Since “language services” side of things. When viewing transla- using a broader term like this, just like can also be ambiguous, the firm tion as a market, the participants of many of the agencies themselves do. defines these services as those that the market can typically be cast into In other words, the term “vendor” relate to the transfer of information one of two camps. Either they are is disliked, but it serves a purpose. It from one language into another. generating demand for translation allows the user to include translation The problem? The average services, or they are supplying those practitioners into a bigger category, layperson who hears “language services. The term “supplier” relates usually for purposes related to their service provider” might very well to the basic market concept of supply billing or operations. It is not per- think that the language training com- and demand. So, from that perspec- sonal. Most companies do not inten- pany down the street is an LSP. It is tive, it is far from negative. It is tionally use this term with the purpose not immediately intuitive that a “lan- merely another example of industry of degrading a translator or a transla- guage service” does not relate to jargon, but this time from the business tion agency. It is simply the language monolingual language services. world, and more specifically, the area they use in their daily work. Therefore, the term “LSP” is useful as of market research. industry jargon for people working in Of “Providers” and “LSPs” the translation or interpreting fields. It “Market,” “Industry,” Another term that is quite common has caught on quite a bit among the “Profession,” or All Three? among clients is “provider.” As with supply side of the industry, but aside Speaking of the terms “market” “vendor,” the term “provider” does from a small number of clients who and “industry,” I have also heard

14 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 translators complain that they do not often refers to the body of people lation practitioners that immediately want to be thought of as part of either engaged in that particular work. So, creates a negative impression is of these concepts, but as part of a pro- freelance translators are simultane- simply to ask, “What does this term fession or a field. The reality is that ously part of a market (where services tell me about the true meaning?” If a both of these terms have their place, are bought and sold), an industry person uses the term “vendor,” but they also come from the business (where different providers compete chances are he or she does not mean world. Individuals who are less with each other), and a profession (a to offend, but is simply accustomed to familiar with business terminology paid occupation requiring certain using this term in his or her daily might be more inclined to reject these standards to be met). None of these work. Those who say “industry” are two terms out of hand. However, they three terms are particularly controver- likely coming from a business back- do have an important role to play. sial, but in spite of this, they can gen- ground and referring to suppliers A “market” is essentially a mecha- erate confusion. whom they view as companies or nism for buyers and sellers to individuals that compete with each exchange services. Indeed, all of us Language Professionals Must other for the same general pool of who work in the translation field, Keep an Open Mind to Language business opportunities. unless we are donating our services, Each of the terms outlined here has When we translate, we look beyond are actively participating in this merit for different purposes. Whether just the word in order to try to under- market. With regard to “industry,” this a term is “appropriate” for a given stand the context, the intention, and the generally refers to a collection of context depends on who is using it. A essence of the words we are trans- companies that compete with one businessperson or market analyst lating. Doing the same when those another. The “companies” in question might very well refer to translation as words are spoken or written about us is can be businesses that have multiple a “market,” while freelancers may be always more of a challenge, because, employees, or sole proprietorships. more inclined to talk about their “pro- let’s face it, we are not entirely objec- So, in essence, every freelance trans- fession.” However, as shown in this tive in those situations. However, using lator and translation agency is also article, these terms are not inter- the very skills we employ when we part of an industry—at least according changeable. Each carries with it a dif- translate to analyze the meaning of to basic business definitions. ferent purpose, a different origin, and these terms that refer to us is not only Obviously, every market and every different possibilities. useful, but illuminating. industry will be made up of different Rather than argue about termi- sectors. For now, the language serv- nology, perhaps the best approach ices space is regarded by researchers, when hearing a term describing trans- as well as government bodies, as being comprised of several sectors and even sub-sectors. For example, “interpreting” may be considered a sector, while “video interpreting,” “onsite interpreting,” and “telephone interpreting” may all be considered sub-sectors. According to most business definitions, these sub-sectors would not be large enough to be regarded as completely separate markets—or industries, for that matter. A “profession,” on the other hand, is a separate concept from a “market” Looking for continuing education events in your area? or an “industry.” Generally, a profession refers to a paid occupation, usu- Check out ATA’s online event calendar at ally one that requires training or www.atanet.org/calendar. formal qualification. The term also

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 15 Essential Steps for Preparing a Document for Translation: A Project Manager’s Perspective By George Rimalower

Many consumers in the English-speaking market are probably familiar with the Jolly Green Giant, Any information that cannot be shared legally with the friendly mascot for frozen and canned vegetables. Quite a different anyone must be stripped out of the document. image came to mind for consumers when the company attempted to market its Jolly Green Giant sweet corn in the Arab-speaking market. a document’s meaning. Maintaining a later date. To meet the quality stan- The translated packaging read accuracy and consistency in the con- dards established by the International “Intimidating Green Monster.” tent, punctuation, and formatting is no Standards Organization, ASTM As that example demonstrates, so simple task, especially for multiple F2575, and others requires both a much can go wrong when translating versions in different languages. well-deﬁned methodology for process a document from English into another Security presents another challenge, control and a highly skilled project language. A misused word or phrase as does archiving each document in manager for its consistent execution. can confuse the reader and even alter an organized system for easy access at The project manager is the quarter-

16 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 The Project Manager’s 8-Step Playbook back of a team that can often include translators, editors, consultants, ter- minologists, designers, proofreaders, and subject matter experts. Their 1. Review the English-language source document. playbook for quality control includes the steps outlined below. 2. Safeguard the security of privileged 1. Review the English-language information. source document. The original text has to be clear and complete, without 3. Make sure all files are organized. any typos or punctuation errors that can garble its meaning. When content is ambiguous, the translator will have 4. Review the document for linguistic and to decipher what the writer is trying to cultural issues. say, which can lead to mistakes or mistranslations. As part of this step, 5. Prepare the document for processing by a the project manager will collect all translation tools, which can include translation memory system. style guides, glossaries (if needed), as well as other reference material to be 6. Use the client’s translation memory, sent to the translators/editors. if provided. 2. Safeguard the security of privileged information. Any information 7. Prepare the document for pre-translation. that cannot be shared legally with anyone must be stripped out of the 8. Prepare the translated document for output. document. For example, when translating someone’s medical history, all personal identifying information must be removed, usually by using find/replace or eraser tools if a document is in PDF format. Security 4. Review the document for lin- Documents should also be scanned actions also might include encryption, guistic and cultural issues. The chal- for other translation issues or terms password protection, or meeting lenge is to avoid phrases or references that require additional research. Some requirements for the secure transmis- that a translator might have difficulty text needs to stay in English, such as sion of nondisclosure agreements. understanding or that should not be company names and the names of taken literally. For example, we trans- products, while dates, measurements, 3. Make sure all files are organized. lated marketing material for a financial graphics, and colors may have to be A global enterprise may have thou- services company wanting to changed to adapt to local markets. sands of documents, each of which encourage employees of its client—a must have unique identifiers and be poultry company—to invest in its 5. Prepare the document for pro- filed in a way that optimizes adminis- retirement accounts. In English, the cessing by a translation memory trative efficiency. An appropriate file playful headline read: “Don’t Be a system. Some types of files need structure enables project managers to Chicken,” whose literal translation preparation before they can be track and find files wherever they are into Spanish sent a different message. processed by a translation memory located (e.g., desktops or servers). A In this instance, following a number of (TM) system—a database of words or taxonomy of project and purchase conversations, the company agreed to phrases that have been previously order numbers and other identifying use “invest with confidence” in its translated. This often means con- data expedites these efforts. Spanish version. verting files into another format, for

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 17 Essential Steps for Preparing a Document for Translation Continued example, INDD to INX, IDML and PDF to Word, and QTD to QSC, XTG, or TAG. The TM system is analogous to a “spell check” for terminology, and An appropriate file structure enables project managers content must be checked to determine to track and find files wherever they are located. which TM database is most appropriate for the project. Text that needs to be left in English must be marked so that the TM does not change it. All spacing needs to be correct, and the original formatted file is sent to the 6. Use the client’s translation soft breaks in sentences or segments vendor. If the target language needs memory, if provided. Each client broken should be removed to ensure specific fonts, those are provided to all likely has its own TM. Select the that the text flows correctly. The clean stakeholders with instructions on how appropriate TM or, if necessary, create document can then be sent to the to use them. a new one. The TM settings should be translator. correct and remain consistent when Communication Is Key utilized by the translator, editor, proof- 8. Prepare the translated document Constant communications and close reader, and reviewer. for output. After translation, the doc- collaboration are critical to success ument is proofed and edited. All files, during each phase of this process. With 7. Prepare the document for pre- fonts, artwork, and links are collected the right project manager guiding this translation. This step involves simply from the client and checked to make effort, documents can be transitioned cleaning up the document formatting sure nothing is missing. This step also seamlessly from one language to the before running it through the TM by includes determining the best way to next with minimal risks of their deleting unnecessary breaks with re-create the file. For example, we re- meaning getting lost in translation. paragraph marks and hard returns that created a client’s 400-page provider break up individual translation units. directory using only text boxes—a Also, make sure all sentences and painstaking assignment to say the paragraphs are segmented properly. least. Once the document is approved,

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By Giles Watson I made the first move, as I am sure Italian writer and journalist With Severgnini, boredom is not an issue: whatever the Beppe Severgnini will tell you. Back in the 1980s, when Severgnini subject, the Italian will be well written. was based in London, I looked forward to his articles in the Italian daily newspaper il Giornale, which were engag- ingly written and informed readers both come from middle-class, profes- counter-intuitive to speakers of syl- more by observation than by precon- sional backgrounds, and, perhaps most lable-timed Italian, who stress each ception. When he published his experi- important, we both have a classics-ori- syllable more or less equally. As such, ences as a book entitled Inglesi, I got ented secondary education, which gives speakers of Italian might expect the hold of a copy. While I enjoyed the us a shared language of language. A second sentence to take about four read, I soon found myself noting var- classical education enabled me to times longer to produce than the first, ious factual errors. There was nothing appreciate the usefulness to Italian and tend to panic when they cannot particularly serious in what I found, readers of the rather formal, grammar- make out each syllable. When they and certainly nothing that detracted flagged framework of L’inglese. Lezioni realize that all of the information they from my enjoyment of the book, but semiserie. The downside of a classics- need to understand the English cor- facts are facts. I wrote Severgnini a based approach, of course, is that if you rectly is in the stressed syllables, the letter suggesting one or two correc- apply the grammar categories of Latin panic recedes. tions, for which I was duly thanked. or Greek to English, you risk overem- Another of my suggestions con- Thereafter, nothing much hap- phasizing the elements that are relevant cerned phrasal verbs (verb + particle), pened on the Severgnini front for a to classical languages and ignoring fea- where in Italian the particle has a while, but we had established an tures that are important to English—the verbal meaning, the grammatical verb acquaintanceship. Eventually, an ones that cause Italian-speaking being reduced to the role of an adverb. English-language version of Inglesi learners the most difficulty. Because of Here is an example from the book: translated by somebody else my teaching experience, I was able to appeared, but life carried on. At a cer- make suggestions for one or two of • Andreotti breezes through any tain point, however, Severgnini con- these Italian-specific areas, such as crisis = Andreotti attraversa le crisi tacted me again to talk about a new aural comprehension and phrasal parti- disinvoltamente/con disinvoltura project he was considering—a book cles. For instance, to help Severgnini on the English language. Severgnini’s explain the comprehension difficulties In the sentence above, the meaning goal was to present English in an caused by the syllable timing of English of “breezes” corresponds to the adverb entertaining way to Italians, particu- to speakers of stress-timed Italian, I disinvoltamente, and “through” con- larly those who were struggling, or suggested the following example: veys the verbal notion in attraversa. had struggled, to learn English and to Severgnini, no slouch on the encourage them to continue their • SMALL CATS EAT LESS uptake, swiftly digested my feedback efforts. I had some experience with (4 syllables, 4 stresses) and incorporated it into the book. The teaching English to Italians and had result: L’inglese. Lezioni semiserie acquired certain insights into the • ARCHibald macALLister is proved popular with Italian readers problems of Italian-speaking learners. TRAVelling to BenBECula and Severgnini became a firm friend. The book would eventually be pub- (16 syllables, 4 stresses) lished as L’inglese. Lezioni semiserie Book Translations in 1992. It was this project that A native English speaker might The next stage was doing some- cemented our rapport. enunciate both sentences comprehen- thing for actual cash. In 1994-1995, Apart from the initial letter I wrote sibly in roughly the same length of Severgnini spent a year in the U.S. as a to Severgnini, we found other com- time. However, the unstressed sylla- correspondent for la Voce, the short- monalities that connected us. For bles in the second example often lived daily edited by Indro Montanelli, example, we are much the same age, we become barely distinguishable. This is who had fallen out with il ·

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 21 Author and Translator: A Success Story Continued

Giornale’s new owner, Silvio Berlusconi. Although la Voce itself folded in 1995, Severgnini turned his experiences from his stay in The main drawback with book translations is that they Georgetown (Washington, DC) into a book, published in Italy in 1995. He are long-term projects, which makes it difficult to plan was keen to see an English-language for a steady flow of income. version in the shops and asked me to get started on a translation while he per- suaded Italian publisher Rizzoli that the book was a good idea. Severgnini’s ever-effective persuasive powers International Publications, Inc. (the America/Ciao America may have sold worked their magic, the project went English edition was renamed Mamma by the barrel load, but the take-it-or- ahead, and the book, An Italian in Mia!). leave-it contract from the original America (2001), sold well. publisher was less than generous. Subsequently, Doubleday/Broadway More Work Expressed as a per-word rate, the fee Books published an American edition In between books, the Severgnini was well south of Lit.100. There was under the title Ciao America in 2002. connection was generating other even a gag clause, which I was told The book was such a success that work. When he was writing monthly was customary in Italian publishing Doubleday/Broadway Books commis- articles for The New York Times News contracts. (No other client has insisted sioned a companion volume set in Service/Syndicate in 2009-2011, I on one since.) As a direct result, I Italy, published as La Bella Figura in was translating them. Over the years, joined the London-based Society of the U.S. (2006) and the U.K. (Hodder other journalists have given me work Authors’ Translators Association, the & Stoughton, 2007), for which I on the strength of the Severgnini con- main incentive being the association’s revised the translation, and as La testa nection, or because they liked my trans- contract vetting service, which I have degli italiani in Italy (2008). An lations of his articles. When Severgnini been using ever since.2 English-language version was also went off on one of his epic rail journeys For the second book, thanks to published in Italy by Rizzoli under the last summer, courtesy of Italian daily Severgnini’s support and the excellent title An Italian in Italy (2007). This Corriere della Sera, the La7 television sales of the first volume, Doubleday/ time, I was translating the book more network, and the Goethe-Institut in Broadway Books agreed to a decent or less as it was being written, a Rome, I translated his daily musings fee. Even taking into account the process that generated problems of its into English.1 However, the biggest, and rewriting mentioned above, the per- own. most satisfying, project that has word rate was somewhere around When the publishers received the emerged from the connection is Italian US$ 0.20, the equivalent of a mid- first draft, they decided that there were Life (www.corriere.it/english). When range commercial translation, which a few changes that needed to be made, Marco Pratellesi, the first editor of the seemed fair to me. The U.K. edition and Severgnini set about working them Corriere.it website, decided it would brought in another fee for revising into the text. Since the changes were be nice to have a page in English on (localizing) the original text. structural in nature, albeit fairly limited the site, Severgnini’s translator was By and large, I am not particularly in scope, the entire text was involved. the obvious person to contact. That enamored of royalty payments for Thankfully, I was using a computer- was in September 2003, and since translations. Speculating on sales is assisted translation tool for the transla- then Italian Life has provided me with the business of the author and the tion, which meant that these changes a steady source of work that is varied, publisher. If you make your living could be identified and dealt with in interesting, and often challenging, from translation, you ought to be able very short order. given the very tight turnaround times. to negotiate a professional fee for the In 2010, Severgnini continued his job. This will avoid any potential con- cultural investigation of Italians with Money flict of interest with the author over La pancia degli italiani, which I trans- “But what about the money?” I royalties, as the translator’s royalties lated for New York-based Rizzoli hear you ask. Well, An Italian in are deducted from the author’s own

22 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 percentage. Publishers also prefer to treat translations as work for hire, since a fixed sum is easier to cost into Publishers seem to be as averse to the risks associated a book proposal and more straightfor- with currency exchange as they are to paying ward to administer. But even a fixed fee will come out of the author’s translators royalties. advance, from the point of view of the publisher’s budget, so some sort of conflict of interest is inevitable. However for Mamma Mia!, the Apart from exchange risk and pub- and the third is distinctly colloquial: U.S. version of La pancia degli ital- lishers’ not always generous expecta- iani, I thought I would see if it was tions of how much translators should • L’idea che giornali e televisione possible to negotiate a royalty be paid, the main drawback with book debbano essere indipendenti è con- arrangement. I made two offers: one translations is that they are long-term siderata, in Italia, un’ingenuità, fixed-fee plus royalty, and one fixed- projects, which makes it difficult to un’illusione o un’ipocrisia. E noi fee only. Rizzoli International plan for a steady flow of income. (For non amiamo mostrarci ingenui o Publications, Inc. went straight for the example, La Bella Figura was pub- illusi. Ipocriti, si può discuterne. fixed fee, even though it was more lished in 2006, but the original trans- than double the fixed fee in the roy- lation agreement was drawn up in • “In Italy, the idea that newspapers alty option. As it turned out, the book May 2002.) And if the subject matter and television should be inde- was a little shorter than had been fore- is less than enthralling, even a well- pendent is looked on as naive, self- seen and the final per-word rate was paid book translation can quickly pall. deluding, or hypocritical. We don’t even higher than for La Bella Figura, This is why when I am offered a book like to seem naive or deluded. but that is what comes of hitching to translate, I rough out a few pages to Hypocritical, we can talk about.” your wagon to a star like Severgnini. I see how it goes and then decide am under no illusion as to why people whether I will take on the project. As this example illustrates, buy his books—he is the star—so, Severgnini puts a lot of effort into given that there is no “competition” In Praise of Severgnini honing each word, phrase, and para- for the job, I try to negotiate a transla- With Severgnini, boredom is not graph. I try to make sure the English tion fee that represents the opportu- an issue: whatever the subject, the translations receive the same attention. nity cost of getting the work done in Italian will be well written. It also A final thought. Like many Italians, the time allotted. helps that he is a journalist, in the Severgnini thinks he speaks and writes sense that his books tend to be written excellent English. Unlike many Downside of Book Translation in thematically linked, more or less Italians, he is right. So why does he There is another point worth self-contained newspaper article- need a translator? I am afraid you will making about translating books for length passages. His style is a con- have to ask him. For my part, I try to customers abroad. Publishers seem to stant stimulus because it is concise, work out what constitutes value for the be as averse to the risks associated allusive, and grammatically elliptical. project in hand and deliver that. with currency exchange as they are to For instance, Severgnini is careful to paying translators royalties. Books start and end his arguments with an Notes take many months to translate, during engaging introduction and memorable 1. Severgnini’s posts are available at which time currency fluctuations can conclusion. This example from La http://blog.goethe.de/Atlantico- have a serious effect on your fee. If pancia degli italiani/Mamma Mia!, Pacifico/pages/ilviaggio.html. possible, make sure the contract is which rounds off a discussion of the denominated in your currency; if not, independence of the press, is fairly 2. Society of Authors’ Translators arrange for payment in installments. typical. The first sentence is grammat- Association, www.societyofauthors. Otherwise, you may find yourself ically unexceptionable, the second, org/translators-association. losing or gaining significant amounts with its initial coordinating conjunc- of money—I have done both. tion, is more journalistic in register,

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 23 David C. Rumsey is an ATA director and serves on ATA’s Standards Committee. He is a past Standard Issue David C. Rumsey administrator of ATA’s Nordic Division. A former [email protected] project and localization manager, he has been a freelance translator for business, medical, and technical documentation from the Scandinavian languages and German since 1998. Contact: Standardizing Quality Assessment [email protected].

These days, I get more and quality pass-rate accordingly. Some of tion project that has space constraints. more questions about machine trans- this is occurring already where buyers Thus, QTLaunchPad is dynamic, in that it lation and websites like Google ask agencies for a “rough translation” can adapt to various needs and is Translate and others. “Isn’t this going or to “be extra accurate.” This is essen- designed to be applicable to both ma- to make your job obsolete?” people tially acknowledging and formalizing chine translation and human translation. ask. “Well,” I tell them, “have you these scenarios. Ultimately, either the DQF or QTL ever tried to read the output of some Based on their website, TAUS is not systems could result in an ISO stan- of these automatic translation pro- ready or interested in making the DQF dard that could be used to define grams and websites?” “Enough said,” project into an International Organi - translation quality. There was an is the usual reply. zation for Standardization (ISO) qual - effort by one of the ISO technical As we all know, the quality of the ity standard, but that may change. committees (who develop standards) output of these tools can vary dramat- Another project that is under way is to create a translation quality stan- ically. However, there have been a the Quality Translation LaunchPad dard, but it was fraught with difficulty number of efforts under way to stan- (QTLaunchPad), led by the German and disagreement and was terminated dardize the quality assessment of the Research Center for Artificial in 2012. It is not difficult to under- output of both human and machine Intelligence (DFKI). The project con- stand why. For many of us, the idea translation. A standardized system for sortium consists of the Center for Next that you can attach a number to the assessing the quality level of a trans- Generation Localisation (CNGL) at “quality” of a translation is like trying lation will ultimately help users and Dublin City University, Athena to judge the “quality” of a piece of art. buyers determine what level will be Institute for Language and Speech It seems like a fruitless effort that is “good enough” for them. Processing (ILSP), and the University destined to fail. This effort is actually being carried of Sheffield. QTLaunchPad cooper- However, developing a standard out on multiple fronts. For example, ates closely with stakeholder groups set of parameters for evaluating the the folks at the Translation such as the Fédération Internationale quality of a translation has benefits for Automation User Society (TAUS) des Traducteurs (FIT) and the Globali- both the translator and the person who have been working on a project called zation and Localization Association is purchasing translation services. the Dynamic Quality Framework (GALA). This project is funded by the Buyers often pay a lot of money and (DQF). This project is being funded European Union, and the results will receive a document that they are entirely by TAUS members, including be open to the public. unable to read, let alone judge in academics, translation and machine QTLaunchPad is an attempt to syn- terms of its quality. The results of translation companies, and other thesize over 20 current translation poor translation are bad enough for stakeholders. At this point, only mem- quality assurance systems and to create the translator, but they can be cata- bers have access to the full frame- a common system applicable to both strophic for the company that is mar- work, but examining their website human and machine translation. The keting a product abroad. The DQF reveals their basic approach resulting system will include a series of and QTL systems will complement (www.tauslabs.com/dynamic- “issue types” (spelling, grammar, termi- the process-oriented ISO Quality quality/about-dqf). nology, etc.) useful for determining Standard for Language Service DQF, which is used primarily for translation quality. Users will be able to Providers (ISO 17100), which evaluating machine translation, is customize the system for a particular specifies how translation projects designed to make the process of type of project. For example, the should be managed, so that the project assessing a translation’s quality number of “issues” to be included and specifications established at the outset adjustable according to customers’ weighted (i.e., terminology errors may will set the basis for selecting the requirements by using various models be given more “weight” than punctua- issue types used to assess quality. For for evaluating a text based on factors tion errors) will be somewhat different example, a company may have one such as the type of content, its intended for someone translating a series of particular system for translating usage, tools used, and required e-mails versus translating patents or e-mail that will be based on a specific processes. In other words, if a client is localizing a software program. For level of quality, which in turn may not concerned about perfect punctua- example, patents may treat omitted arti- emphasize grammar and punctuation tion in the text, they can adjust the cles more significantly than a localiza- but not adhere to fixed terminology.

24 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 As translators, this new process how their translations are being will help reduce the frustration level reviewed. This will also make it easier regarding editing and third party for translators to reconcile any poten- reviews. Ultimately, a single ISO tial disputes with third party standard for determining translation reviewers or customers. quality assessment will make it easier for individual translators to determine

Related Links

Athena Institute for Language and Speech Processing www.ilsp.gr

Center for Next Generation Localisation at Dublin City University www.cngl.ie

Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs http://bit.ly/FIT-standards-committee

German Research Center for Artiﬁcial Intelligence Reminder: www.dfki.de/web Beware Globalization and Localization Association of Scams www.gala-global.org/gala-standards-initiative

ISO 17100 Quality Standard If it is too good www.iso17100.com to be true, it is probably a scam. A number of e-mail and online scams have Quality Translation LaunchPad specifically targeted translators and inter- www.qt21.eu/launchpad/content/new-goal-quality-translation preters. Stay vigilant!

Translation Automation User Society Federal Bureau of Investigation Dynamic Quality Framework The Internet Crime Complaint Center www.tauslabs.com/dynamicquality/about-dqf http://bit.ly/FBI-Fraud

University of Shefﬁeld National White www.qt21.eu/launchpad/content/training Collar Crime Center www.nw3c.org

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 25 Judy Jenner is a court-certified Spanish interpreter and a Spanish and German translator in Las Vegas, Nevada, where she runs Twin Translations with her The Entrepreneurial Linguist Judy Jenner twin sister. She is a past president of the Nevada judy.jenner@ Interpreters and Translators Association. She hosts entrepreneurial the translation blog, Translation Times linguist.com (www.translationtimes.blogspot.com). You can

Photo by Ulf Buchholz My Week in Monterey also find her at www.entrepreneuriallinguist.com. Contact: [email protected].

One of my goals this year was to attend a training course by a premier interpreting institution, namely Germers- heim in Germany, which offers cutting- edge online interpreting classes. However, I decided to do something even better and attend an in-person course at the Monterey Institute of International Studies (MIIS) Graduate School of Translation, Interpretation, and Language Education. The idea behind attending “Advanced Techniques for Court Inter - preters” was to learn from two true leg- Left to Right: Judy Jenner, Verónica Ramírez Santana, and Patty Sánchez-Gastelum ends of court interpreting: Holly Mikkelson and Esther Navarro-Hall. I interpreting in general and the federal not have seating for everyone. Even really enjoy both of their teaching court interpreting exam in particular. I though there was some disparity in styles and knew I had a lot to learn especially treasured the actual time terms of skill level, the instructors did about simultaneous interpreting. Plus, spent in the interpreting booth with a fine job of selecting a group of stu- even though I really enjoy talking and recordings for simultaneous exercises, dents who are already state court-cer- writing about studying, I do not study which is exactly what I needed. Esther tified, which enabled us to learn from much on my own, which, as my twin also gave me some much-needed feed- each other. I do think we could have correctly points out, is a bit out of char- back on my shortcomings. I did benefitted from a smaller group and acter. I have been known to interpret confirm that the consecutive mode is from more time in the booth. We prac- TED talks that I really enjoy or to my strength, although I really do not ticed consecutive interpreting by work with Speechpool recordings, but have a specific strategy other than reading the texts out loud and going none of these are court-specific nor relying on a good memory and taking around the table (scary!) instead of in are they recorded at 160 words per limited notes that I usually cannot the individual booths, which would minute, which is what I need to prac- read. I also slowly overcame my fear have greatly enhanced the exercise. tice to prepare to take the federal of sight translation into English. I have In addition to the fantastic learning court interpreting exam. I decided that not really practiced sight translation, and the opportunity to get feedback this course would be a worthwhile and I was surprised that I did better from such legendary instructors, I was investment, but since I believe in rea- than I expected. In addition, we were delighted by the collegial atmosphere sonably priced educational opportuni- able to take a mock exam on the last and by the opportunity to spend time ties that are accessible to all colleagues, day, which was a great opportunity to with fellow Nevada colleagues and I balked at the $1,200 price tag (for 30 experience an (almost real) exam. friends Patty Sánchez-Gastelum and hours). Nonetheless, I sent in my pay- However, as with every class, there Verónica Ramírez Santana. We are ment, booked a hotel, looked for is always some room for improve- now practicing together and serving some warmer clothes, and cleared ment—albeit very little. In general, I as each other’s cheerleading team for my calendar. was surprised that the facilities at MIIS the exam. Wish me luck—I will need Overall, I had a fantastic time at were quite basic. The room with the it. By the time you read this, I will MIIS and would gladly repeat the booths had a center table at which we have survived the exam. experience. It was an honor to spend spent many hours each day, but it did five full days with Holly and Esther, and my study group of 12 was fantastic. I really appreciate Holly and This column is not intended to constitute legal, financial, or other business advice. Each Esther’s laid-back and approachable individual or company should make its own independent business decisions and consult its own legal, financial, or other advisors as appropriate. The views expressed here are style. They are not purists, but are still not necessarily those of ATA or its Board of Directors. Ideas and questions should be deeply knowledgeable about court directed to [email protected].

26 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 María Cristina de la Vega is certified as a Spanish<>English interpreter by the Admin- istrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the State of Interpreters Forum María Cristina de la Vega Florida, and the National Association of Judiciary [email protected] Interpreters and Translators. She is the president of ProTranslating, Inc., a language services provider in Florida. She blogs at http:// Am I Making the Right Decision? mariacristinadelavegamusings.wordpress.com.

The question above is not the that comparing options will of 15 minutes twice a day to clear the exclusive purview of philosophers and increase your confidence. cobwebs. It will help you immensely mental health practitioners. It has when analyzing all of the factors always been a hot topic, and many of us 3. Identify a qualified friend as well involved in your decisions. In addi- chew our nails to the nubs while making as a devil’s advocate to discuss the tion, you will find that meditation decisions involving major issues in our alternatives to various solutions. has many other benefits. (For more personal and professional lives. For Remember that advice from others information on these benefits, visit example, the key decisions we must usually comes from the intellect. http://bit.ly/YouTube-meditation- make as professional interpreters and benefits.) translators include choosing areas in 4. Listen to your gut/intuition to which to specialize, whether it is better determine what feels comfortable Following an evaluative procedure to be a freelancer or to work as an in- and resonates with you. like the one outlined here will house employee, remuneration, and increase the likelihood that you will weighing the value of volunteering our 5. Be aware that the world is in con- reach the best solution for the situa- services to a trade association. After we stant flux. You will be able to tion at hand. It may not be completely reach a solution, we often continue to reassess many of your decisions apparent why in the short term, but in second-guess it, especially when, as should you decide that they are not the end rest assured that you will see now, circumstances affecting our deci- working in the future. the process as an experience you had sions are aggravated by difficult eco- to undergo to fulfill some as yet pos- nomic times. 6. Realize that experience is one of the sibly unidentified need in your path. I Being a rational MBA and a long- main filters our brain uses to make am convinced that nothing in life is time spiritual seeker, I have one foot decisions. Therefore, it stands to random. It just may take a while to planted firmly in both of these camps. I reason that you should focus on pos- connect the dots, but our prior under- follow a balanced procedure that has itive experiences and try to reduce or standing of all the details will con- proven invaluable to me over the years, eliminate concentrating on negative tribute to the desired outcome. which I outline below. Remember that ones, so that your “database” is pop- I hope you will agree that this is both it is important to start out by not ulated by optimistic, affirmative a relevant and fascinating topic. I look believing everything you think prior to information. forward to hearing from you to benefit evaluating your choices. from your opinions and experiences. 7. I cannot overstate the importance of 1. The first step in making an a regular simple meditation practice informed decision is to do your research. The most generalized search you do will probably be on Google, but rather than typing in a A ugust 2013 Vo lume XLII Number 8 A Pu simple phrase, learn the search con- blication The of the A merican Tr anslators A ventions for advanced searches, ssociation CHRONICLE The Voice of Interpreters and Translators which are very simple and will save Send a Complimentary Copy In this issue: Medical Terminology and Judiciary you a lot of time (https:// Interpreters Preparing Documents for Translation support.google.com/websearch/ If you enjoyed reading this issue of The ATA Translating Beppe Severgnini answer/136861?hl=en). Please note Chronicle and think a colleague or organization that there are similar tips for would enjoy it too, we will send a free copy. advanced searches on other platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Simply e-mail the recipient’s name and address LinkedIn, and Flickr. to ATA Headquarters—[email protected]— and we will send the magazine with a note 2. Make a short list of the pros and indicating that the copy is being sent with your cons of each solution. Remember compliments. Help spread the word about ATA!

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 27 Internet blogs are rich sources of information for translators and interpreters. They allow users to post questions, exchange ideas, network, and read news Blog Trekker Some Thoughts On and commentary on a specific subject. The topics featured in this column are actual blog postings File-Sharing Sites and concerning issues pertinent to your colleagues in the field today. For more blog listings, visit Copyright Violations www.atanet.org/careers/blog_trekker.php.

(Posted by Corinne McKay on her one of my books on Slideshare. Yep, tion, you are taking money from an blog, Thoughts on Translation, http:// there it was, including my copyright individual who buys groceries and thoughtsontranslation.com.) notice, which appears on the first page pays the mortgage with that of the book. To Slideshare’s credit, money. It is not the new media I am a big believer in sharing they removed the book immediately model: it is theft. information. For example, over the when I notified them, but presumably past five years, I have written over they are not planning to reimburse me 4. If you want free information, there 400 posts that are available on my for the 1,333 times that the book had is lots of it out there. Go crazy with blog for free. I have found countless already been viewed. A few years ago, it. If you find works that are solutions to my own questions on someone posted one of my books on licensed under terms such as the other people’s blogs, also for free. Scribd with similar results. It was GNU General Public License However, I think that there is a place taken down after someone alerted me, (GNU GPL), you can even sell for copyrighted work as well. When but it had already been viewed over a them, as long as you license them applied correctly, copyrights allow thousand times. under the original terms. But do authors and content creators to earn a A few thoughts here: not steal copyrighted stuff and living and to keep on writing and cre- think that you are doing something ating because of the income that their 1. I see that these types of sites have noble by posting it online for free. copyrighted work generates. legitimate uses, but it disturbs me If authors wanted their books to be File-sharing sites like Scribd and that they cannot take the minimal freely available, they would not Slideshare have a complicated rela- amount of time it would require to have to look hard for a way to tionship with copyright law. (There are prevent these very flagrant copy- make it happen. other file sharing sites; I am just using right violations. Posting someone these as examples because I have else’s entire book is not a grey area: Just for fun (!), let’s put some num- found my copyrighted work on them.) my copyright notice was on the first bers on this situation. The retail value In one sense, these types of sites are a page of the file on Slideshare. of 1,333 copies of my book is great way to get your own work out $26,646; certainly a decent chunk of there; put up an interesting presenta- 2. It disturbs me that translators would money by anyone’s standards. But of tion and tons of people might find it. It do this to each other. I know the course I do not earn the retail value in might go viral and you might get a username of the person who posted royalties, nor would all of those 1,333 book deal out of it. But, at least in my my book, and it is a translator. people have actually bought a legiti- experience, these sites do essentially mate copy of the book. My royalties nothing to prevent people from posting 3. Violating someone’s copyright is amount to between $3.50 and $10.00 other people’s copyrighted work. stealing. That is all there is to it. per copy, depending on where the Case in point: this morning I got an Especially when you post an inde- person buys the book. And let’s say e-mail from a kind colleague who let pendent author’s book, you are not that only 10% of those people would me know that someone had posted taking money from a huge corpora- have actually purchased the book, so I would have sold 133 copies. If we take an average royalty of $5.00 per copy, that is $665. So, dear copyright Follow Us infringer, if you are reading this and you want to make things right, I would say that an appropriate restitu- tion would be approximately that amount. And Slideshare, if you want to make things right, start at least min- Facebook LinkedIn Twitter imally vetting the uploads on your site http://tinyurl.com/38xqgsm www.atanet.org/linkedin.php http:// twitter.com/atanet for copyright violations.

28 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 The GeekSpeak column has two goals: to inform the commu- GeekSpeak Jost Zetzsche nity about technological advances and at the same time [email protected] encourage the use and appreciation of technology among translation professionals. Getting Physical

My mother-in-law Donna is a remarkable woman. She is wise beyond her years, she is full of creative and unconventional ideas that defy her age, and she is very intelli- gent and highly practical. The quilt that she handmade for our wedding many years ago is one of the most beautiful and meaningful creations I have ever seen. However, when it comes to her computer, which would seem to present the perfect opportunity to use her plen- tiful creative and organizational skills, an impenetrable wall separates her from it. The digital divide that she experiences is more like a digital abyss, This is the toy I have been bringing to recent workshops. an abyss that seems to deepen rather than become more manageable every In recent workshops I have given love to make. There is no trick to time she tries to bridge it. As a quilter, for translators, I brought along an odd making it; you simply need to gently gardener, and pianist, if only she could sculptural toy I have had since my force your will onto the toy until it actually physically get her hands youth, a network of chunky, intercon- gives way to that shape. I tell attendees around the applications with which she nected wooden joints that can be that is how we need to work with the is working, she would be great. twisted into unlimited patterns and programs in our computers. Do not be I think this lack of tactility with our forms. It really has no rhyme or reason, overwhelmed with the many different computers is exactly what blocks but I love to see how people are drawn options and the apparent complexity of many of us from success. It is what to it, how they start playing with it your translation environment tools or prevents us from being truly confident almost unconsciously, trying to create whatever you primarily use. Try the and efficient. We may have built our- shapes and taking pleasure from its virtually tactile approach (and make selves tenuous, swaying bridges of fluid, ever-changing movement. In my sure to wipe those fingerprints off your vines to span the divide between the workshops, I have challenged atten- screens afterward). computer and ourselves, but few of us dees to recreate a certain figure that I beyond the age of 30 are able to ignore the gap completely and walk straight into the digital world and its Jost is the co-author of Found in Translation: How Language Shapes Our Lives and virtually tactile experience. Transforms the World, a perfect source for replenishing your arsenal of information on how translation affects every aspect of your life. THE ATA COMPASS Your guide to translation in the global market An Outreach Publication of the American Translators Association The ATA Compass is now a client outreach blog. Designed to educate current and potential clients, The ATA Compass will provide useful and practical information about the language services industry. Check it out at http://theatacompass.org

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 29 Do you have news to share? Send it to Jeff Sanfacon at Member News [email protected].

• Local Concept, an international mar- Translation & Interpreting can be Mexican author and professor keting and translation services firm found at www.trans-int.org/index. Álvaro Enrigue (Dalkey Archive based in San Diego, California, php/transint. Press, 2013). In addition to recently opened an office in Madrid, Hypothermia, he has translated two Spain. This is the company’s third • Rafiqullah A. Rahman was ac- other books for Dalkey Archive office, after opening an office in know ledged for his interpreting Press: Caterva, by Argentine nov- Taipei, Taiwan, in 2011. services in the Federal Immigration elist Juan Filloy, and The Great Court by retired U.S. Federal Latin American Novel by Carlos • Alan K. Melby served as the guest Immigration Court judge Susan L. Fuentes. Both titles are due to be editor for Translation & Interpreting Yarbrough in her book, Bench published in 2014. (Volume 5, No.1), the online inter- Pressed: A Judge Recounts the national journal of translation and Many Blessings and Heavy Lessons • M. Eta Trabing published her interpreting research. The following of Hearing Immigration Asylum 20th book/bilingual dictionary: ATA members contributed to the Cases (iUniverse Inc., 2013). Foods & Cookery Dictionary, issue: Marjory A. Bancroft, English/Spanish, Third Edition Gertrud G. Champe, Lois M. • Brendan Riley published Hypot her - (Berkana Language Center, 2013). Feuerle, Linda Joyce, Geoffrey S. mia, his translation of the collection Koby, and Holly Mikkelson. of short fiction by distinguished

In Memoriam Professor Yuanxi Ma

Professor Yuanxi Ma, a past administrator of ATA’s Chinese Language Division, died on May 17, 2013. She had been a member of ATA since 1996. Besides her long and distinguished career in translation, Professor Ma was instrumental in helping to create ATA’s Chinese Language Division (CLD). She served two consecutive terms as CLD’s assistant administrator (2000-2004), and as the division’s administrator from 2004-2006. She also helped launch ATA’s English>Chinese certification exam and served as a grader for the exam. Professor Ma earned a PhD and an MA in American literature and comparative literature from the State University of New York at Buffalo. She also received an MA in English from Beijing Foreign Studies University. She had roughly 40 years of university teaching experience in China and the U.S., teaching English as a foreign language and literature. She also conducted exchange programs for professors and college students in the U.S. and China. In addition to her teaching career, she was a Chinese>English translator (ATA-certified) and interpreter. She worked for 10 years as the director of translation at Baker & McKenzie, LLP, one of the largest law firms in the U.S. She published a number of literary, cultural, and legal translations and writings in various journals, books, and translation collections. She will be remembered by colleagues as a valued mentor and friend.

30 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 Visit the ATA Calendar Online www.atanet.org/calendar/ for a more comprehensive look Upcoming Events at upcoming events.

September 13-15, 2013 October 14-15, 2013 January 16-19, 2014 Tennessee Association of Professional Translation Automation International Medical Interpreters & Translators User Society Conference Interpreters Association 11th Annual Conference Portland, OR Annual Conference Memphis, TN www.translationautomation.com “Medical Interpreter Education: www.tapit.org The Gateway to the Future!” October 16-19, 2013 Houston, TX September 21, 2013 American Literary http://bit.ly/IMIA-2014 Midwest Association of Translators Association Translators and Interpreters Annual Conference April 3-5, 2014 10th Annual Conference Bloomington, IN American Translation & Interpreting Chicago, IL http://bit.ly/ALTA-Conference Studies Association www.matiata.org 7th Biennial Conference November 6-9, 2013 "Where Theory and Practice Meet" September 27-29, 2013 American Translators Association New York, NY New Mexico Interpreters Conference 54th Annual Conference www.atisa.org Albuquerque, NM San Antonio, TX www.nmcourts.gov/index.php www.atanet.org/conf/2013 August 4-6, 2014 International Federation of Translators September 29, 2013 November 22-24, 2013 2014 World Congress Atlanta Association of American Council on the Berlin, Germany Interpreters and Translators Teaching of Foreign Languages www.fit2014.org Annual Conference Annual Convention and “Professionalizing Our Industry” World Languages Expo Roswell, GA Orlando, FL www.aait.org www.actfl.org

October 11-13, 2013 December 7, 2013 California Federation of Interpreters Arizona Court Interpreters Association 11th Annual Continuing Annual Meeting Education Conference Phoenix, AZ “Expanding Our Horizons” www.aciaonline.org Oakland, CA www.calinterpreters.org January 9-12, 2014 Modern Language Association October 12, 2013 129th Annual Convention Michigan Translators/ Chicago, IL Interpreters Network www.mla.org/convention 3rd Annual Conference Novi, MI www.mitinweb.org

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 31 Compiled by Dictionary Review Peter A. Gergay [email protected]

Japanese: Revised Edition Although the study of transla- include 原発 for 原子力発電 (nuclear tion and interpreting is considered a power generation), リモコン (rimo- Reviewed by: subfield of applied linguistics, many kon) for “remote control,” and ポケモ Hiromi Morikawa of us often feel the need to delve into ン (poke-mon) for “pocket monster.” more theoretical topics. So, can an Moving on to the sentence level, Author: introductory book about modern Chapter 6 talks about “argument struc- Shoichi Iwasaki Japanese linguistics be a useful tures,” which is a linguistic term resource for Japanese-language trans- describing single-clause sentence con- Publisher: lators and interpreters? struction. It discusses the minimum John Benjamins Publishing Company Shoichi Iwasaki’s Japanese: Revised elements that are required to construct Edition is a volume in the London a basic sentence (subject, object, etc.) Publication date: Oriental and African Language Library and how they are marked with parti- 2013 Series, which is based at the School of cles called 助詞. Particles are small Oriental and African Studies of the words like wa, ga, no, o, and ni, which Number of pages: University of London. The goal of this are vital to understanding Japanese 383 series is to offer reliable and up-to-date because they show the relationship of analyses of the grammatical structures a word, phrase, or clause to the rest of ISBN: of the major languages in these geo- the sentence. For instance, o (を) is 978-90-272-3818-4 (Paperback) graphical and cultural regions in a placed after a noun to indicate (mark) form readily accessible to the non-spe- that the noun is the direct object. Price: cialist. Iwasaki states in the preface Iwasaki explains that choosing a par- $54.00 that his intention is to provide an intro- ticle is determined by what type of ductory, but comprehensive, overview predicate appears in a sentence (e.g., Available from: of major aspects of the Japanese lan- transitive verb, intransitive verb, http://benjamins.com/#home guage for students and researchers. In adjective, and nominal adjective). this regard, he has achieved the goal of In these chapters, readers may Type of work: making the book both introductory encounter many linguistic terms that Dictionary, glossary and comprehensive. usually do not appear in Japanese textbooks for native and non-native Chapters speakers. However, much of the con- After an overview of the geograph- tent would be familiar to a translator or ical, dialectal, historical, and typolog- interpreter who already has sufficient ical nature of Japanese in Chapter 1, working knowledge of the language, Iwasaki organizes subsequent chapters so there is not much new information so they progress from simpler to to be gained. As a whole, the book suf- increasingly complex units of the fers from being too encyclopedic, in Japanese grammatical system. Chapter 2 the sense that the coverage of the describes the writing system and Japanese grammatical structure is Chapter 3 the phonetic/phonological broad, but the discussion of each topic system, including intonation and pitch is somewhat brief and truncated. accent. This is followed by Chapter 4, In Chapter 7, Iwasaki focuses on the which discusses word classes. Chapter topic of tense and aspect and discusses 5 concerns morphology, including how the Japanese language expresses inflectional suffixation, other types of temporal and sequential relationships. affixation, and writing compound In particular, subjective interpretation words. This chapter also mentions a of the time/duration of an event or state process to shorten words (Iwasaki uses plays a larger role in aspectual forms in the term “clipping”) that is quite ram- Japanese than, say, in English, and var- pant in colloquial Japanese. Examples ious devices are employed, including

32 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 inflectional suffixes, auxiliary verbs, this is not easily achieved by even an light the grammatical features that are and verb compounding. Again, this advanced non-native learner of being discussed, so they are fairly topic may not be new to most readers, Japanese. This chapter provides more simple content-wise. As such, a reader but they may find it nice to be able to details about the use of wa than most will not be able to harvest much more revisit all of the related forms summa- textbooks of conversational Japanese, than the terms that are readily avail- rized into one concise chapter. but the expanded content is still not able in regular dictionaries. The same goes for Chapters 8, 10, sufficient to allow readers to gain a What can be harvested instead is a and 12. Gradually transitioning from thorough grasp of the full grammatical fairly ample list of additional single-clause to multi-clause con- scheme. There are other books and resources. A criticism the first edition structions, Chapter 8 introduces a research articles available that explore of this book received concerned the number of constructions, including this area in much more detail. lack of recommended readings on passives, causatives, benefactives, However, Iwasaki’s book may come in each of the topics covered. Iwasaki and reciprocals. Chapters 9, 10, and handy as a stepping stone between the heeded this feedback and expanded 12 essentially discuss various types of language textbooks and the more the references and footnotes, which multi-clause sentences, including, advanced literature. list key readings, particularly the among others, relative clause forma- more recent books and journal articles tion, quotation, and conditionals. If Overall Evaluation that appeared after the publication of anyone would like to dig deeper into As I mentioned earlier, the format of the first edition. these areas, Iwasaki does provide ref- this book is encyclopedic. The scope is Iwasaki’s Japanese: Revised erences for additional reading. broad, but it lacks the depth of discus- Edition will be helpful as a good The strength of this book, if any, sion about modern Japanese grammar. starting point for those who wish to lies in its later chapters, which touch This is by design, as the book is move beyond the introductory level upon discourse and pragmatics, speech intended to be an introductory and and search more detailed and styles, and registers. These are the comprehensive overview. It would be advanced discussions about topics of chapters Iwasaki reorganized or useful for a student taking beginning or modern Japanese grammar. expanded since the publication of the intermediate level courses in Japanese, first edition in 2002. These chapters or for a student who has some linguis- discuss the actual use of the language tics background but is not familiar with in a narrative, conversation, or written the language. For a Japanese-language passage, where sentence structure is translator or interpreter, the book may significantly affected by discourse con- be only mildly useful. Hiromi Morikawa is an ATA-certified text and other pragmatic factors. For Example sentences are sprinkled Japanese>English freelance translator, with instance, Chapter 11 talks about “infor- throughout the book, and five sample a background in psycholinguistic research. mation structure.” In essence, by prop- texts are included at the end. Each erly handling the use of the topic sentence is accompanied by mor- She is a past president and secretary of the particle wa (は) to mark a noun phrase, pheme-by-morpheme and whole-sen- Mid-America Chapter of ATA, and currently one can encode subtle notions like tence translation into English. serves on its board of directors. Contact: “topic,” “contrast,” “focus,” and “new However, these examples are selected [email protected]. versus given information.” Mastering or formulated to exemplify and high-

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The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 33 The Translation Inquirer John Decker [email protected]

Well, for us music lovers, the cap or you can step up to this three- large amounts of context material, Richard Wagner bicentennial has pronged spinner and give yourself an then this one is for you. The context is come and gone since I last prepared authentic early sprint car look.” Oh botanical and the problem word is the column. It occurred on an awk- dear, surely this was not the device that Heister. A couple of snippy little ward day (May 22) for any special cel- Isadora Duncan’s long, stylish scarf phrases are all you get: Sträucher und ebration to take place, because it also got caught on in the summer of 1927, Heister; Heister – Laubbaum vom coincided with my parents-in-law’s as she was riding in a convertible car, Boden an beastet. English is accept- 58th wedding anniversary, so we were and ... and ... I cannot force myself to able as an answer, although the orig- partying on that account. In any event, complete the thought. inal query did not involve English. the average newspaper, either hard- copy or online, ignored Wagner’s (English>Italian 8-13.3) Is it possible (German>Russian [English] 8-13.7) bicentennial. The only tribute is the for a patient to be “enrolled” in a pro- The translator offered a tentative best big-time one that never stops and tocol? Somehow that does not sound choice for this query, but must have seemingly never will: Hollywood’s right. Here is the source-language sen- been still uncertain enough to ask her tacit imitation of him (the sincerest tence: “XXX should be administered colleagues about the term in bold: Die form of flattery) by using the and dosing should be in strict accor- Reinigung der Filter erfolgt nach Wagnerian style of leitmotifs as dance with the protocol in which a Ablauf einer Laufzeitaddition von 30 soundtracks for a bewildering array of subject is enrolled.” Is this just awk- Minuten der Anlage beim nächsten movies. This goes back at least as far ward English, or is it deliberate? Abschalten des Absaugventilators. as the music of Dmitry Tiomkin, but look how the Lord of the Rings themes (English>Polish 8-13.4) It is reason- (Macedonian>English 8-13.8) In a reasserted themselves in The Hobbit, able, I think, to stumble over the seem- civil engineering-plus-geology context, in a way that could do no other than ingly out-of-context word “mapping” the translator could handle everything delight every perfect Wagnerite. in the phrase “stiffer mapping of in the paragraph except for провидни shock absorbers.” The word appears in препарати. Here is what the paragraph New Queries an automotive context. Who can help, said: Минералошко-петрографска (English>Croatian 8-13.1) A “duck- if given quite a nice context para- анализа на карпи …беа доставени bill punch,” or, as the U.S. military graph? Here it is: “ESP (Electronic проби за минералошко-петро- would catalog it, a “basket punch- Stability Program) and XDS г рафска анализа. По извршениот duckbill, with loop handle, up cvd., lt., (Electronic Transverse Differential макроскопски преглед се одредени 1.5 mm,” is mentioned and even Lock) improve handling, while stiffer наjрепрезентативните делови на кои depicted on the website http://resource- mapping of shock absorbers and се паправени провидни препарати. surgical.com. It could be yours for a springs mean less body roll and even Анализата на трите проби е mere $931.95. It looks like what ordi- better fast cornering.” By the way, if I извршена во согласност со nary scissors would be configured to were the translator, I would also whine законските норми и прописи. look like in a Salvador Dali painting, about the fact that “XDS” does not but its equivalent name in Croatian seem to go at all with the explanatory (Russian>English 8-13.9) Three kinds remains elusive. Is there anyone out words that follow. of lubricants were mentioned in an there capable of helping with this? article about petroleum engineering, but (English>Swedish 8-13.5) A trans- it was the middle one that was trouble- (English>French 8-13.2) For those lator going into Swedish stumbled some: Битумно-мастичные, пласто- outside the hobby, defining the “early over this sentence regarding children’s б итные и антикоррозионные sprint car look” can be a bit of a chal- fitness: “Together, fundamental move- смазки. What are they? lenge, but as you get more deeply into ment skills and fundamental sport this hobby you become more sensitive skills form the basis of physical lit- (Spanish>Portuguese [English] to things likely to produce this look. eracy.” Try it if you can. 8-13.10) In the world of market One of them is a “three-pronged research, and particularly concerning a spinner.” The blurb states that “You (German>Czech [English] 8-13.6) If group’s internal norms, what is to be can mount these wheels with the center you are not too fussy about having made of the word punteado? Here is

34 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 E-mail queries and responses by the first of each month to [email protected] (subject line: The Translation Inquirer). Generous assistance from Per Dohler, proofreader, is gratefully acknowledged. some context: Cuando pasan 2 meses (Italian>English 5-13.6) (mezzo their twofold meaning as natura natu- se precintará y se colocará en un breve): This is definitely not “short rata and natura naturans [nature] cre- lugar menos accesible los tickets meeting,” says Alessandra Fioravanti ated in the objective sense and creating deben ir firmados por la persona que from the Department of Translation (or creative) in the subjective sense.” los realiza y por la que los revisa and Interpretation at the University of (encargado de tienda o en su ausencia Geneva. It could make reference to the (Russian>English 5-13.9) (отработкa el segundo de la tienda) y estarán gra- provisions of the Italian criminal code долот): The phrase in question, as far as pados al listado de control del día el concerning the means to summon Serge Kotlar can tell, can probably best listado debe ser revisado (punteado) y something (about charges, testimony, be rendered as “drill bit run” or perhaps firmado. What is it in Portuguese or etc.) to the defendant in special cir- “drill bit life.” The sentence would English, or both? cumstances, which have to be in sound something like “…to render “written form” or “oral form.” This services in slant drilling maintenance, Replies to Old Queries second situation could be related to the drill bit run maintenance…” or “… (English>Italian 6-13.3) (full box meaning of mezzo breve. services of … maintaining drill bit frame): Roland Grefer, not a speaker of life ….” Italian, explains that in a vehicle con- (Polish>English 5-13.8) (przed- text, such structures are continuously miotowy versus podmiotowy): Serge (Spanish>English 5-13.10) (trabajar welded from end to end, as the Land Kotlar knows Ukrainian and Russian la pobreza desde la riqueza): Tina Rover was from the outset, to provide and believes the two words signify Banerjee Chittorn likes “engaging the extra strength needed, for example, the “objective versus subjective” wealth to combat poverty” for this. for stock-car racing. The structurally understanding of nature (i.e., as the That meets the requirement of con- inferior spot welds are not used. subject of creation versus creative ciseness, to be sure. agent). So the phrase w ich dwojakim (English>Spanish 5-13.3) (stow- sensie: jako natura naturata i natura These were indeed thoughtful and away): Ricardo E. Azocar’s solution is naturans (stworzona w rozumieniu professional replies! Thank you all. the nontechnical one; namely, polizón. przedmiotowym i tworząca w rozu- The term can be found in a 1920s novel mieniu podmiotowym would mean “in about a man whose convenient memory lapse concerning purchasing a ticket caused him to be aboard a transatlantic liner. The original query concerned a computer context, but who is to say that a technical field that does not hesitate to Conference Tweets use such neologisms as “mice” or “floppies” would not find this sugges- #ata54 tion acceptable?

(German>Italian [English] 5-13.4) What does this mean? (Folie geklebt, im Motorraum, ww. am It is the Twitter world at ATA’s Pfosten A.) Barbara Jungwirth chose 54th Annual Conference! Join the conversation to tackle the German>English option or just tell colleagues “wish you were here.” for this. One key to understanding is Search #ata54 at www.twitter.com or follow knowing that “ww.” is wahlweise (optionally). It becomes easy after ATA at www.twitter.com/atanet. You might just have so much that: “Alternative locations for fun reading the conference tweets that you will want to afﬁxing the VIN foil are in the engine follow @atanet on Twitter throughout the year. compartment or on the A pillar.”

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 35 Humor and Translation Mark Herman [email protected] Creeping Americanisms

The online BBC News Magaz ine • A “heads up.” For example, as in a clearly “one and a half million!” A ran a piece on Americanisms entering business meeting. Let’s do a “heads million and a half is 1,000,000.5, the English language used in the United up” on this issue. I have never been where one and a half million is Kingdom. Thousands of examples of sure of the meaning. (Marlborough) 1,500,000. (Coventry) such Americanisms were subsequently e-mailed to the BBC. Fifty of those most • “Train station.” My teeth are on edge • “Reach out to,” when the correct e-mailed, together with comments by every time I hear it. Who started it? word is “ask.” For example: “I will the senders, appeared in the magazine Have they been punished? (London) reach out to Kevin and let you on July 19, 2011. Some of them are know if that timing is convenient.” listed below, together with the locations • People who say “my bad” after a Reach out? Is Kevin stuck in of the senders, all of whom are in mistake. I don’t know how any- quicksand? Is he teetering on the England unless otherwise specified. The thing could be as annoying or lazy edge of a cliff? Can’t we just ask list is surprising. Together with those as that. (Lymington) him? (London) which, at least in my opinion, are mon- strosities, are those which seem to be • “Eaterie.” To use a prevalent • I hate the fact that I now have to perfectly good English. phrase, oh my gaad! (Athens, Ohio) order a “regular Americano.” Whatever happened to a medium- • The next time someone tells you • I’m a Brit living in New York. The sized coffee? (Hurst Green) something is the “least worst option,” one that always gets me is the tell them that their most best option is American need to use the word • I really hate the phrase “Where’s it learning grammar. (Cornwall) “biweekly” when “fortnightly” at?” This is not more efficient or would suffice just fine. (New York) informative than “where is it?”. It • Using “24/7” rather than “24 hours, just sounds grotesque and is 7 days a week,” or even just plain • I hate “alternate” for “alternative.” I immensely irritating. (London) “all day, every day.” (Worcester) don’t like this as they are two distinct words, both have distinct meanings, • My pet hate is “winningest,” used in • To “wait on” instead of “wait for” and it’s useful to have both. Using the context “Michael Schumacher is when you’re not a waiter. [I] once “alternate” for “alternative” deprives the winningest driver of all time.” I read a friend’s comment about us of a word. (London) can feel the rage rising even using it being in a station waiting on a train. here. (Nottingham) For him, the train had yet to arrive. • “Hike” a price. Does that mean I would have thought rather that it people who do that are hikers? No, • Having an “issue” instead of a had got stuck at the station with the hikers are ramblers! (Accrington) “problem.” (Leicester) friend on board. (New Zealand) • “Going forward?” If I do I shall col- • I hear more and more people pro- • “It is what it is.” Pity us. (Chicago) lide with my keyboard. (Matlock) nouncing the letter Z as “zee.” Not happy about it! (London) • “I’m good” for “I’m well.” • I hate the word “deliverable.” (Bridgend, Wales) Used by management consultants • To “medal” instead of “to win a for something that they will medal.” Sets my teeth on edge with • “Bangs” for a fringe of the hair. “deliver” instead of a report. a vengeance. (Martock) (Nottingham) (Newark-on-Trent) • “I got it for free” is a pet hate. You • “Take-out” rather than “take- • The most annoying Americanism got it “free,” not “for free.” You away!” (Worcester) is “a million and a half,” when it is don’t get something cheap and ·

Submit items for future columns via e-mail to [email protected] (that is 18, not el-8). Discussions of the translation of humor and examples thereof are preferred, but humorous anecdotes about translators, translations, and mistranslations are also welcome. Include copyright information and permission if relevant.

36 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 Upcoming ATA Webinars

Translating Contracts to and from French

Presenter: Thomas L. West, III | Duration: 60 minutes | CE Point(s): 1 Live and On-Demand Training for September 18, 2013 | 12 Noon U.S. Eastern Daylight Time Professional Translators and Interpreters All translators are called upon to translate a contract at some point in their careers, but what appears at first glance to be an easy task can turn out to be more complicated than it looks. Consider the very title of the document, for instance. Even beginning language students can tell that contrat means “contract.” What is ATA Webinars not obvious, however, is that lawyers use the word “agreement” in the title when www.atanet.org/webinars drafting contracts in English. And how should we translate the conclusion du contrat? Not only do English-speaking lawyers rarely use the word “conclusion” in connection with contracts, but they might even understand the “conclusion” of the contract to Can’t attend? Register now and a link to the be its “end”—which is just the opposite of what the French phrase means. Attend on-demand version will be sent to you following the this webinar to find out more! live event. For more information, visit www.atanet.org/webinars. An Introduction to Note-Taking for Interpreters

Presenter: Kirsty Heimerl-Moggan | Duration: 60 minutes | CE Point(s): 1 September 27, 2013 | 12 Noon U.S. Eastern Daylight Time For consecutive interpreters, memorizing information is an essential part of the job. Relying on memory alone, however, is difficult even in the best of circumstances. Note-taking provides a quick, reliable, and easy way for consecutive interpreters to record relevant parts of the information they hear to ensure correct processing and rendition into another language. This webinar will be relevant to interpreters looking to develop a structured approach to note-taking. Attendees will learn:

• How to analyze information • How to identify relevant content • How to use different techniques for recording information that are faster than writing

Can’t attend? Register now and a link to the on-demand version will be sent to you following the live event. For more information, visit www.atanet.org/webinars.

Humor and Translation Continued

say you got it “for cheap,” do you? • “I could care less” instead of “I Conference Tweets #ata54 (Plymouth) couldn’t care less” has to be the Search #ata54 at www.twitter.com or worst. Opposite meaning of what • “Turn that off already.” Oh dear. they’re trying to say. (Birmingham) follow ATA at www.twitter.com/atanet. (Munich, Germany)

The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 37 All candidates applying for ATA certification must provide proof that they meet the certification program eligibility requirements. Please direct all inquiries regarding general certification information to ATA Headquarters at +1-703-683-6100. Registration for all certification exams should be made through ATA Headquarters. All sittings have a maximum capacity and admission ATA Certification is based on the order in which registrations are received. Forms are available from ATA’s web- Exam Information site or from Headquarters. Upcoming Exams

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38 The ATA Chronicle n August 2013 The Conference App: New & Improved! This FREE app puts the entire conference at your fingertips and lets you connect with attendees like never before.

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