corniculatus

Lotus corniculatus Bird’s foot trefoil

Introduction The Lotus contains approximately 100 , distributed in the Mediterranean area, , America, and temperate . Eight species and one variety have been reported in China, primarily in the northwestern areas[154].

Species of Lotus in China† . (Photo by Albert F. W. Scientific Name Scientific Name Vick, Jr., LBJWC.) L. alpinus (Ser.) Schleich. ex Ramond L. frondosus (Freyn) Kupr. to a length equal to the tube. Corollas L. angustissimus L. L. praetermissus Kupr. are yellow or gold colored, turning blue L. australis Andr. L. tenuis Waldst. et Kit. ex Willd. when dried. Pods are brown, linear to cylindrical, 20-25 mm long and 2-4 mm L. corniculatus L. L. L. in diameter, containing many grayish- † variety not listed brown ovate seeds 1 mm long. The “bird’s foot” like fruits appear from form. are pentafoliate on the [70][154] July to October . 4-8 mm long, hair-covered rachis. The Family: Leguminoseae petiolule is short and yellow villous. () Habitat The leaflets are papery, asymmetrical Genus: Lotus L. Lotus corniculatus prefers to grow in to oblanceolately ovate, 5-15 cm long warm, moist places. Due to its extensive and 4-8 mm wide, with the basal pair Description root system, it is drought-tolerant. It resembling stipules. From May to Lotus corniculatus is a glabrous to tends to grow in well-drained sandy September, three to seven flowers sparsely pubescent perennial herb and is intolerant of prolonged periods grow in an axillary umbel with three that grows 15-50 cm tall. Stems are of water logging. It occurs on hillsides, leafy . The glabrous or sparsely nearly square, solid, and occur in clumps in grasslands, in crop fields, and on pubescent calyx is bell-shaped, 5-7 mm with a prostrate or ascending growth riverbanks, where the soil is moist long and 2-3 mm wide, and lobed deeply and alkaline[154]. In China, the most

Flowers of Lotus corniculatus. (Photo by Mrs. W. D. Bransford, LBJWC.)

104 — Invasive of Asian Origin Established in the US and Their Natural Enemies Lotus corniculatus favorable habitat for L. corniculatus Another common Lotus species that is in Weining, Guizhou province, at an Economic Importance has caused serious harm in China is L. elevation of about 2500 m, where the L. corniculatus is used as and green tenuis. It occurs in grasslands, near grows well and the seeds mature manure because of its high carbohydrate ponds, in crop fields, and wasteland, naturally[32]. and moisture content[96][154]. and is distributed in Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Xinjiang[96][154]. Distribution Related Species Lotus corniculatus is distributed in One variety of Lotus corniculatus, Natural enemies of Lotus Guangxi[50], Guizhou[32][74], Gansu[70][74], Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus Lotus corniculatus has only one fungal Henan[25], Hubei[46], Hunan[126], Regel, has been reported to occur associate, Erysiphe betae. This fungus Shaanxi[70][74], Sichuan[70][74], Tibet[160], in China. It is glabrescent, and has can also infect members of the genus Xinjiang[174], and Yunnan[164] provinces fewer flowers than L. corniculatus, Polygonum. Seven species of and other areas along the middle and with sepals slightly longer than or are reported to occur on Lotus including upper Yellow River[154]. equal to the calyx tube[154]. one bug and six lepidopterans. Four of

Fungi

Phylum Family Species H. R. Ref. Ascomycota Erysiphaceae Erysiphe betae (Vaňha) Weltzien p 23† † Recorded as Erysiphe polygoni DC.

Arthropods

Order Family Species H. R. Ref. Hemiptera Plataspidae Coptosoma scutellatum (Geoffrey) po 193 Everes argiades (Pallas) p 203 Lycaenidae Zizina otis riukuensis (Matsumura) po 203 erate (Esper) p 158 Colias erate formosana Shirôzu po 203 Nephopteryx semirubella Scopoli p 145 Pyralidae Salebria semitrubella (Scopoli) p 158

Invasive Plants of Asian Origin Established in the US and Their Natural Enemies — 105