1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5313 i Second Lt. Clinton Earl Male, Infantry First Lt. Herbert Edward Block, Medical tion can long remain great that is ac- (temporary captain). Corps (temporary captain), with rank from tuated by great principles. 0, let our Second Lt. William Doyle Pratt, Quarter­ June 17, 1944. master Corps (t€mporary major). First Lt. Frederick Whiting Timmerman, sacrifice, couched in passionate gratitude Second Lt. Earl K. Buchanan, Quarter­ Medical Corps (temporary major), with rank and prayer, stand in the reflected luster master Corps (t€mporary captain). from June 17, 1944. of our sons in arms whose unabating bril­ Second Lt. John Wilson Callaway, In· First Lt. Charles Mathews Swindler, Medical liance shall never die. Thou who art fantry (temporary captain). Corps, with rank from June 17, 1944. the power and the wisdom, send us along Second Lt. Roderic Dhu O'Connor, Air First Lt. Felix Claudius Feamster, Medical the path of humble duty. The hours Corps (t€mporary major) . Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel), with are momentous, what service they de­ Second Lt. Harry White Trimble, Air Corps rank _from June 17, 1944. . mand! As our defenders are sounding (temporary captain). First Lt. Laurence Mercer Hursh, Medical X Second Lt. Edgar Mathews Sliney, Air Corps (temporary captain), with rank from the battle cry of liberation to put down Corps (temporary first lieutenant). June 17, 1944. the mighty from their seats and exalt Second Lt. James Lawrence Kaiser, Quar­ First Lt. Leo Joseph Geppert, Medical Corps man of whatever degree, we pray Thee termaster Corps (temporary major) . (temporary major), with rank from June 17, to fill our hearts with humility and sup­ Second Lt. George Hollenback Welles, In· 1944. plication that the works of evil men shall fantry (temporary captain). First Lt. Bernard Tetlow Daniels, Medical come to naught and the song of liberty: Second Lt. William Thomas McDaniel, In­ Corps (temporary major), with rank from and brotherhood be heard saying: "We fantry (temporary major). June 17, 1944. have seen His star." Lest our peace be-_ Second Lt. Frank Holroyd Linnell, In­ First Lt. Louis Caspar Kossuth, Medical fantry (temporary captain). Corps (temporary captain), with rank from come complacent and conventional, do Second Lt. -Roy George Hendrickson, In­ June 17, 1944. Thou disturb and strengthen us with the fantry (temporary first lieutenant). First Lt. Kenneth Lennox Brown, Medical glorious spirit which breaks down pride, Second Lt. Edward Benedict Zaremba, Corps (t€mporary major), with rank from perplexity, and sends men and women out Quartermaster Corps (temporary captain). June 26, 1944. to redeem human freedom. In Thy name Second Lt. Jt>hn Vincent D'Esposito, Quar. VETERINARY CORPS and for Thy glory. Amen. termast€r Corps (temporary captain). To be colonels Second Lt. John· Earl Atkinson, Air Corps The ~ournal , of the proceedings of Sat­ (temporary captain) . Lt. Col. Raymond Thomas s 'eymour, Veter· urday, June 3, 1944, was read and ap­ Second Lt. Edwin FILLINOIS First Lt. Alex Brown, Medical Corps (tem­ of communication. The great majority porary captain), with rank from May 19, 1944. Daniel E. Brown to be postmaster at Cross· of our personnel and equipment had to First Lt. Alfred Hiller Bungardt, Medical ville, Ill. be transported by sea; some of it by air. Corps (temporary major), with rank from In addition, we had to feed the people June 1, 1944. and preserve order in the area wrested First Lt. Henry Stoddert Parker, Medical from the Germans. Our Army, under Corps (temporary major), with rank from HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES June 2, 1944. the direct command of General Clark, that great American, has entered and First Lt. John Mitchell Willis, Jr., Medical MoNDAY, JuNE 5, 1944 Corps (temporary major), with rank from liberated Rome. Its psychological effect June 3, 1944. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. will be tremendous throughout the world First Lt. Frank Alphonzo Mantz, Jr., Medi­ The Chaplain; Rev. James Shera from a spiritual and cultural angle. It is cal Corps (temporary major), with rank from Montgomery, D. D., offered the following the first capital in the hands of the June 3, 1944. prayer: · enemy to fall to our cause. That event First Lt. Thurman Knight Hill, Medical is a matter of vast significance through­ Corps (temporary captain), with ral!k from Blessed Master, Thou with whom we June 16, 1944. out the world, and will have reverbera­ First Lt. John Sugden Paul, Medical Corps share life and death, to Thee we lift' our tions everywhere, even among the people (temporary captain), with rank from June 17, hearts in praise and thanksgiving. of Germany and Japan, particularly 1944 ~ Wherever there is a listening soul in the among the people in the Balkans and of First Lt. John Sidney Rice, Medical Corps valley of lost opportunity or desolation, other conquered countries. (temporary captain), with rank from June 17, Thou art there unworn and unwearying, In a sense, this might be termed the 1944. to take over the conquest of the troubled "Twentieth century resurrection of the First Lt. Arthur Joseph Carbonell, Medical breast. Corps (temporary lieutenant colonel), with immortal Eternal City of Rome from rank from June 17, 1944. In this supreme moment of our na­ modern paganism." It was never the in­ First Lt. Paul Celestin Le Galvan, Medical tional life, humble our proud position as tention of our _leaders, as we now know Corps (temporary major), with rank from mistress of commerce with its rude grasp those in conducting the war, to attack June 17, 1944. of the tyranny of things, for only a na- and destroy the Eternal City unless the 5314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 Nazis made it absolutely necessary. The The Clerk read as follows: marks in the RECORD and include therein leadership of our military forces in that Resolved, That the letter of the Secretary some intensely interesting matter in con­ determination is one that is pleasing to of War transmitted to the House of Repre­ nection with the 1940 census. all of us and will a.lso have a vast psycho­ sentatives on March 29, 1943, including an The SPEAKER. Is there objection to logical effect throughout the world. interim report from the Chief of Engineers, the request of the gentlewoman from United States Army, dated August 27, 1941, Ohio? The spiritual and cultural treasures of together with accompanying papers, submit­ Rome, insofar as we know, have been ting surveys and. studies of the Hungry Horse There was no· objection. preserved. This is evidence of things to Dam, Mont., made under authority of sec­ Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. come. Our troops are going forward with tion 7 of the Flood Control Act, approved Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex­ a stimulated determination to bring June 22, 1936, and subsequent correspond­ tend. my remarks in the RECORD and in­ about an early victory. ence in relation thereto, be printed, with il­ clude therein a resolution offered by the The people of America, appreciating lustrations, as a House document. Polish bishop of Buffalo and adopted by the psychological and spiritual results, The resolution was agreed to. the Polish-American Congress at their and the vast results that will follow, A motion to reconsider was laid on the recent convention. should not create the impression in their table. The SPEAKER Is there objection to minds that the war is now over. This is the request of the gentleman from New the time for those of us on the home YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER, PA. AND MD. York? front to go forward with grim determina­ Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, from the There was no objection. tion, in cooperation with the sons and Committee on Printing I report back PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE daughters of America who are in the favorably without amendment Texas? tary of War transmitted to the House of Missouri? There was no objection. Representatives on March 29, 194ii, including There was no objection. Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. an interim report from the Chief of Engi­ OBSERVANCE OF D-DAY Speaker, America and the world were neers. United States Army, dated January 31, 1942, together with accompanying papers, Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ thrilled·yesterday to learn that the Fifth submitting surveys and studies of Youghio­ imous consent to address the House fo Army had captured Rome, thus liberat­ gheny River, Pa. and Md., made under au­ 1 minute and to revise and extend my ing for the first time in this war a Ger­ thority of section 7 of the Food Control Act, remarks. man-enslaved European capital. approved June 22, 1936, and subsequent cor­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to We were gratified to know that our respondence in relation thereto, be printed, the request of the gentleman from Penn­ American armed forces were the first to with illustrations, as a House document. sylvania? enter, and that an armored tank called The resolution was agreed to. There was no objection. the Tactless Texan led the onslaught A motion to reconsider was laid on the Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I was against the retreating Nazis. table. · pleased, too, when I read in the news­ This victory will have an immense ef­ paper that the church bells of Rome were fect in lowering the prestige and the CHEAT RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, W.VA. ringing to summon the people to worship morale of the Axis and in raising the Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, from the while the Axis lines were breaking, In stock of the Allies. It is a long road yet Committee on Printing I report back a great many communities of America to Berlin, but the Allies are now well on favorably without amendment

• j 5318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 - . - prevents them from taking any work one previously called up, except it re­ SETTLEMENT OF BOUNDARY LINE BE­ against the Government for a period of lates to the Office of Scientific Research TWEEN ST4TES OF NEW YO~K AND 2 years after their governmental service and Development. RHODE ISLAND ends. All three of these bills are aimed I ask unanimous consent that the bill The Clerk called the joint resolution at purely voluntary· and occasional may be passed over without prejudice. (H. J. Res. 138) granting the consent of workers, but who receive either no com­ Mr. CRAVENS. Mr. Speaker, will the Congress to an agreement between the pensation for their services or are paid gentleman withhold his request to per­ State of New York and the State of on a per diem basis for the time they mit an explanation? Rhode Island and Providence Planta­ actually work. Some of the bills are Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, tions concerning the· settlement of the limited to employees who do not work I withhold my request to permit the gen­ boundary line between said States. more than 90 days in any one year. tleman from Arkansas to make an ex­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to These people_ are in reality donating planation. the present consideration of the resolu­ their services to the Government in very Mr. CRAVENS. Mr. Speaker, this is tion? important matters. The Government, really a more important bill than the last There being no objection the Clerk /jlllvtf"tiM r'tUhl-g·ur l;~ft;+ .Att-o ..'lNy'6eu~?-3lr rone, lOr tne reason tnat 'tne peopre--af­ - ~read the- resolUtloh,. as !ollows·: that they come within the prohibitions fected by it work for the Office of Scien­ Whereas commissioners duly appointed on of the acts which are aimed at prevent­ tific Research and Development. They the part of the State of New York, and coin­ ing regular Government employees from work only a few weeks or possibly a few missioners duly appointed on the part -of working for the Government and then months of each year. They are people the State of Rhode Island and Providence going out and taking a position against sent down from the research departments Plantations, for the purpose of settling the the Government, thus putting them in of various colleges, from duPont's organ­ boundary line between said States, did execute the position of an employee working zation and similar establishments. They an agreement in the words following, to wit: against his former employer-this bill · are doing a work which is imperatively Memorandum of agreement by and between exempts these employees who are really the subscribers, commissioners of the States necessary in the development of new of New York and Rhode Island respectively, donating their services and who cannot processes, new weapons, and other to settle the question of the boundaries be­ do this very necessary work unless they things affecting the war eftort. Their tween said States, being thereunto authorized are relieved from the prohibitions of work has practically stagnated as a re­ by the resolutions and/or acts of said States, existing law. · sult of the decision of the Attorney Gen­ respectively passed by them, as hereunto an­ Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, will eral that they come within the prohibi­ nexed. That is to say that we, Lithgow Os­ the gentleman yield for a question? tory provisions of the Criminal Code. borne, commission of conservation; Arthur W. Brandt, superintendent of public works, also Mr. CRAVENS. Certainly. This bill has been pending for some -Mr. SHEPPARD. Does the gentleman acting as chief engineer of the State depart­ time.· I wonder if the gentleman realizes ment of public works; and Harold C. Oster­ know what the compensation of any one that by making this objection he is really tag, chairman, joint legislative committee on of these employees in this category is at interfering with some very important interstate cooperation, commissioners of the the present time? functions that should be continued and State of New York; and, we, George L. Crook­ - Mr. CRAVENS. No; except that so far carried on now by that organization? er, chairman, Rhode Island Commission on as the panels of the War Labor Board Interstate Cooperation; Edward H. Rathbun, Mr. COLE of New York. The gentle­ chairman, State boundary lines adjustment are concerned I believe they get about man is placing a very serious and heavy $5 a day. commission; and Daniel J. Ryan, director, responsibility upon me personally for ob­ department of public works, commissioners Mr. SHEPPARD. They are all of a jecting in my capacity as an objector. of the State of Rhode Island and Providence temporary character? Mr. CRAVENS. I did not mean it Plantations, have agreed, and do hereby agree Mr. CRAVENS. They are all of a tem­ in a personal way. to fix, determine, and establish the boundary porary character. Mr. COLE of New York. For interfer­ between our respective States, subject to the Mr. SHEPPARD.. Mr. Speaker, I with­ approval and ratification of the legislatures draw my objection. ing with the war effort. The bill was in-:­ of our respective States and of the Congress Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, troduced way back on the 23d of March. of the United States, in the following man­ reserving the right to object, the present Consequently, a delay of 2 weeks is not ner: criminal code makes it a crime for any going to interfere with the war effort if We agree that the eastern boundary of a delay of 2 or 3 months did not. New York and the western boundary of Rhode person employed by the Government to Island shall be and is as follows: Beginning prosecute a claim before the Govern­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from at a point (No. 174) in latitude 41 °18'16" ment. This bill would relieve certain New York [Mr. CoLE] asked unanimous .249 and longitude 71 °54'28" .477 as deter­ employees of the War Labor Board serv­ consent that the bill may be passed over mined by the joint commissioners of Con­ ing as gratuitous or part-time employees without prejudice. necticut and Rhode Island by a memorandum from that responsibility. It is a measure Is there objection? of agreement dated March 25, 1887, as such of such nature ·and importance· that I memorandum of agreement is referred to in There was no objection. section 2 of the State law constituting chap­ feel it should not be passed by unanimous ter 57 of the Consolidated Laws of the State consent under conditions that will not EXEMPTING CERTAIN OFFICERS AND EM­ PLOYEES OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT of New York, thence south 37°22'32" .75 east allow of sufficient explanation. · FROM CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE 85,801.89 feet to a point designated as num· I therefore ask unanimous consent ber 175 and thence in the same direction out that the bill may be passed over without CRIMINAL CODE AND REVISED STAT­ to sea to the limits of the territorial waters prejudice. UTES of the two States: Provided, however, That The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. nothing in the foregoing agreement contained The SPEAKER. Is there objection to shall be construed to affect existing titles to the request of the gentleman from New 4468, to exempt certain officers and em­ property corporeal or incorporeal held under York? ployees of the War Department from grants heretofore made by either of said There was no objection. certain provisions of the Criminal Code States. EXEMPTING CERTAIN OFFICERS AND EM­ and Revised Statutes. Attached to this Memorandum of Agree­ PLOYEES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment and a part thereof is a map entitled the present consideration of the bill? "Map of the Boundary Line Between the RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FROM States of New York and Rhode Island." · CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE CRIMINAL Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, In witness whereof, we, the several mem­ CODE reserving the right to object, this bill bers who constitute the temporary commis­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. · is similar to the two just considered, ex­ sion which has been created pursuant to and 4446, to exempt certain officers and em­ cept it relates to employees of the War in accordance with chapter 757 of the laws ployees within the Office of Scientific Department. of 1941 of the State of New York, and we, the Research and Development from certain I ask unanimous consent that the bill several members who constitute the tem­ may be passed over without prejudice. porary commission which has been created provisions of the Criminal Code. pursuant to and in accordance with chapter The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to 996 of the laws of 1941 of the State of Rhcde the present consideration of the bill? the request of the gentleman from New Island and Providence Plantations have· Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, York? signed this instrument in duplicate, and as this bill is of similar character as the There was no - ob~ection. provided bY and to the extent of the authority 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5319 vested in us by the statutes· aforementioned The SPEAKER. Without objection, 1 Affairs Committee of the House, the Sec­ on the 27th day of January 1942. is so ordered. retary of the Treasury, and the Secre· Commissioners for the State of Rhode Is­ There was no objection. tary of Commerce. Nothing can be done land and Providence Plantations: by this Commission without the signa· DANI}l:L J. RYAN, FOREIGN SERVICE BUILDINGS AND Director, Department of Public Works. GROUNDS ture of all these people. You have the EDWARD H. RATHBUN, Foreign Affairs Committee, the Foreign The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. Relations Committee, and the three Sec· Chairman, State Boundary Lines 4282, Adjustment Commission. to amend the act entitled "An act retaries. GEORGE L. CROOKER, for the acquisition of buildings and If you fail to pass this legislation at Chairman, Commission on Inter­ grounds in fo·reign countries for use of the present time you are going to cost state Cooperation Commissioners the Government of the United States of the Government of the United States a for the State of New Yo1·k. America," approved May 7, 1926, as considerable sum of money and place ARTHUR W. BRANDT, amended, to permit of the sale of build­ them at a great disadvantage because if Superintendent of Public Worlcs and ings and grounds and the utilization of Acting Chief Engineer of the State we were to sell property in any part of proceeds of such sale in the Government the world, Buenos Aires or any other Department of Public Works. interest. LITHGOW OSBORNE, place, and get paid in dollars, the dollars Commissioner of Conservation. - Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, would cost them more money; yet we HAROLD C. OSTERTAG, reserving the right to object, as I read would later have to buy in the currency Chairman, Joint Legislative Commit._ this bill it authorizes the Secretary of of that country. _ tee on Interstate Cooperation. State to dispose of any property owned Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the And by the. United States in foreign lands, and gentleman yield? Whereas said agreement has been confirmed in addition authorizes the Secretary to Mr. COLE of New York. I yield. by the legislatures of said· States of New retain the proceeds of the sale of those Mr. STEFAN. Not in the case of York and Rhode Island, respectively: There- ' lands in a separate fund and use them Buenos Aires. fore be it for the acquisition of other properties Mr. BLOOM. Let me tell the gentle­ Resolved~ etc., That the consent of the that may be needed by the Department man that if we were to sell our property Congress of .the United States be, and hereby . of State. · 1s, given to said agreement, and to each and iri Buenos Aires today and buy other every part thereof; and the boundaries es­ My own personal view is that while it property in the same place w·e would be tablished by said agreement are hereby ap­ may be necessary and advisable to permit making not less than 25 percent. The proved: Provided, however, That nothing the Secretary to dispose of property, it trouble is with the exchange. You place herein contained shall be construed to im­ seems to me that the funds derived from us at a disadvantage in the exchange. pair or in any manner to affect any right of the sale of the property should be cov • The Buenos Aires property was pur­ the United States or jurisdiction of its courts· ered into the Treasury o: the United chased in 1930 at a cost of $284,000. Its in and over the islands or waters which form States; and if additional funds are need· the subject of said agreement. location has now become the heart of ed for the acquisition of other properties, the business district and it is unsuitable The joint resolution was ordered to be then the Department should come to for embassy property. Since it was pur­ engrossed and read a third time, was read Congress in the usual way for express chased there has been a 60-percent the third time, and passed, and a motion authority. change in the exchange value of United to reconsider was laid on the table. Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the States dollars in terms of· Argentine CRIERS AND BAILIFFS IN UNITED STATES gentleman yield? pesos.- If expressed in terms of United COURTS Mr. COLE of New York. I yield to the States dollars, the present sale value gentleman from Nebraska. might represent a loss to our Govern· The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. Mr. STEFAN. I am inclined to agree ment, but the property has actually in­ ~065, further defining the number and with the gentleman from New York. I creased 25 percent in value in terms of duties of criers and bailiffs in United believe this bill should be amended. I do Argentine pesos. At present the For­ States courts and regulating their com· feel, however, there is some merit to it eign Service Buildings Commission must pensation. in view of the fact there are some in· find som·eone with property who is will­ Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, rese~ving stances, for illustration, down at Buenos ing to exchange for the property that we the right to object, will the author of the Aires and Santiago, Chile, where we have. The property might be owned by bill explain it? Does it increase the should acquire certain property right several people and it would be difficult to salaries of the bailiffs? now. While I believe the bill should be have them exchange 'it, but if we could The SPEAKER. Does any member of amended, I believe the Department sell that property and· buy property at the Committee on the Judiciary desire should not be given the permission to go other places the Government of the to .answer the inquiry of the gentleman out here and sell property, retain the United States would be making a con­ from Nebraska? money, and go into the real-estate busi· siderable sum of money and would get Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask ness without coming back to Congress better locations. The trouble has been unanimous consent that the bill go· over and the Appropriations Com:r:nittee and that we were compelled to buy property without prejudice in view of the fact we justifying the expenditure for the acqui­ in locations that we did not want in the have no explanation. sition of land, yet the State Department past. The SPEAKER. Without .objection, does have several cases, one in Buenos Mr. COLE of New York. Why is this it is so ordered. Aires arid one in Santiago, particularly, expression put in the gentleman's bill: · There was no· objection. in which I think they should be given Notwithstanding the provisions of t ~1e law STUDIES AND INVESTIGATIONS OF some leeway to go ahead with the acqui­ the Commission is authorized to apply the · SAFETY ·CONDITIONS IN EMPLOYMENT sition of other property. proceeds of such sales towaTd the purchase UNDER UNITED STATES · EMPLOYEES' Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, will the and construction and preservation of other · COMPENSATION ACT, gentleman ·yield? · property. · The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. . Mr. COLE of New York. I yield. If you have the· authority now why is 4159, to amend section 3 of the act of Mr. BLOOM. Touching the question it necessary to use that language? September 7, 1916, as amended (39 Stat~ raised by the gentleman from New York,· Mr. BLOOM. The Government has 'i42). I may say that this is simply a logical the right to exchange property today. Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, re· and proper extension of existing author­ That is in the act. . serving the right to object, may we have ity; in other words the Foreign Service Mr. COLE of New York. · This bill au­ an explanation of the bill? Buildings Commission has the right at thorizes the Secretary to use the pro­ The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman the present time to exchange property. ceeds for other acquisitions. desire to make any other request with This Foreign Service Buildings Com,.mis­ Mr. BLOOM. What difference does it reference to the bill? sion is made up of the Secretary of State, make, may I ask the gentleman, from a Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Speaker, in view the chairman and ranking minority real-estate point of view, and I have had of the absence of an explanation I ask member of the Foreign Relations Com­ 50 years' experience in real estate? unanimous consent that the bill may ba mittee of the Senate, the chairman and Mr. COLE of New York. Exchange of passed over without prejudice. ranking minority member of the Foreign property is certainly vastly different 5320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 from selling one property, receiving the exchanges we ~re at a dis~nivanta;ge entirely Thus, it is believed, the necessary controls funds, then going out and buying another effectively to protect this property, and par­ are preserved and enactment of the measure property, ticularly to couserve the investment. would round out existing legislation and en- Our experience in Buenos Aires may be - able practical di.fficulties of operation now Mr. BLOOM. You compel the.Foreign cited as an example. · in 1930 there was pur­ experienced-to be overcome. I hope you may Service Building Commission to take the chased in Buenos Aires, at a cost of $284,000, be in a position to support the measure, property only of people who want to ex­ a piece of property which, by reason of the which we believe will definitely contribute change. We might find only one person impositio;n of highly restrictive zoning regu­ to the program undertaken by our Govern­ who wants to exchange but we might find lations and the encroachment on the prop­ ment, in which you have had ·a keen in­ a hundred who want to· sell. erty of a subway, together with its location terest and a helping hand, all to the pur­ Mr. COLE of New York. This is such in the heart of the business district, was pose of improving the effectiveness of our a decided departure from the usual thing made unsuitable for development for the representation abroad. Buildings so far purpose originally intended. We have been erected have been a source of pride to all and requires so much more explanation interested in other pieces of property in our countrymen who visit them, and in than can be given on the Consent Cal­ Buenos Aires but because of differences in every way are representative of and a credit endar that I will ask to have it passed the relative values of the property involved· to our . country. The legislative authority over. · or because the property desired was held by · now asked permitting of conclusion of Mr. BLOOM. At the present time we several owners. having no individual or joint negotiations on a cash basis, as well as by need this if we want to go into foreign intetest in the property we had, complica­ property excha:»ges, would be an important countries to get property for our em­ tions have resulted and our sustained efforts asset in protecting the Government's in­ to reconcile differences have ·been unsuccess­ terests and in the preservation of its property bassies and for our consular service. We ful. This property could now be sold and investments the world over. really need this legislation. at an appropriate time other property -pur­ · With appreciation of your interest and Mr. COLE of New York. I am sure chased in a less-congested area with the peso kindest personal regards, believe me, the gentleman's committee is ready at sum realized through its sale. Since the Sincerely yours, any time to hear any request for author­ original purchase, the exchange value of LAURENCE C. FRANK. United States dollars in terms of Argentine ity to buy property in a foreign country APPOINTMENT OF TWO ADDITIONAL AS.; if that request is made to the committee pesos has appreciated approximately 60 per­ cent, and the sale value might present, if SISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE by the State Department, and I am expressed in terms of United States dollars, equally sure that the Appropriations a loss to the Government, but the ·property The Clerk called the next bill, H. ~. Committee is ready to sit at any time that· has actually increased in value approximately 4311, to authorize the appointment of a request for funds might be made. 2S percent in terms of pesos. two additional Secretaries of State. Mr. BLOOM. You cannot buy prop­ Another example is offered by the residence The SPEAKER. Is there objection to erty if you have to come down here and property at Santiago, Chile, purchased in the present consideration of the bill? wait 6 months or a year to get an ap­ 1922 for $150,000. The section of the city in Mr. COLE of New York . . Mr. Speaker, propriation for it. By that time the which the property is located has changed I ask unanimous consen• that this bill from residential to commercial and will even­ be passed over without prejudice. The property will be sold .. tually become unsuitable for an embassy Mr. COLE of New York. The Navy De­ residence. It could be sold today at a profit bill does not comply with the Ramseyer partment does it. and a very considerable enhancement of the rule by showing the change in existing Mr. BLOOM. No; not for anything Government's ·holdings made without neces­ law, although it is quite apparent from like this: They do not do that. sitating an aQditional appropriation of funds. the title of the bill that it is to provide' A simllar il'lStance has occurred in the past for the appointment of two additional Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, in Habana, where the property originally pro­ I ask unanimous consent that. this bill Assistant Secretaries of State. cured deteriorated with the construction of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to be passed over without prejudice. one-story small dwellings rented to mechan­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ics, tradesmen, and rallroad employees, and the request of the gentleman from New York [Mr. COLE]? the request of the gentleman from New with the construction of such~ commercial York [Mr. COLE]? projects as a s~aughtering house. and a Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, reserving There was no objection. brewery. the right to object, we need these Assist­ Undoubtedly, changes in city planning, ant Secretaries in the State Department. Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask war damage, or other contingencies will make unanimous consent to include at this That Department cannot function. It it niost desirable that the Department recom­ has a lot of work to do. I hope the gen .. point in the REcORD a letter from the mend transactions to preserve our invest­ State Department on the subject under ment in such capital cities as Rome, Prague, tleman will not object to a bill of:this discussion. Berlin, Paris, and Helsinki, and it is our kind. The State Department is trying The SPEAKER. Is there objection to thought, in which I believe you will concur, to do a good job. the request of the gentleman from Ne­ that it is sometimes just as necessary to sell Mr. COLE of New York. The report when the property begins to diminish in came from the gentleman's committee braska [Mr. STEFAN]? value because of continuing conditions as There was no objection .. on May 5, although it was introduced on it is to buy some property when its value March 2. The letter referred to follows: is rising due to some continui~g condition. Mr. BLOOM. We were busy with DEPARTMENT OF STATE, It is our belief that disposal of property by Washington, June 3, 1944. cash sale and the return of the proceeds to other things. The Honorable KARL STEFAN, · the general receipts of the Treasury, and the Mr. COLE of New York. A bill in­ House of Representatives. appropriation by the Congress of new money volVing an acute situation would have DEAR MR. CoNGRESSMAN: With reference to to permit of the purchase of other property been out longer ago than. this. your request for information relating .to H. R. more suitable for consular and diplomatic The SPEAKER. The ·Chair may say 4282, which amends the Foreign Service Build­ establishments as an alternative proposal, that the bill does not violate the Ram­ ings Act, permitting the Department, with would not afford as practicable a procedure the approval of the Foreign Service Buildings as would enactment of the bill suggested. seyer rule, if that is the only reason for Commission, to make cash sales and to use The time necessary to obtain adequate funds the objection. the proceeds of su~h sales for the purchase, by resort to the appropriation procedure Mr. COLE of New York. It is debat.. construction, and preservation of other prop­ would not permit the · making of defin.ite able whether it does or not. Apparently erties acquired or authorized to he acquired commitments, so oftet~- necessary to satisfac­ existing law provides for the appoint .. agreeable to the original act under appro­ torily conclude real-estate transactions. The bill, of course, continues the present system ment of four Assistant Secretaries of priations made by the Congress, in its final bill analysis the legislation actually involves only of controlling the expenditure of funds by State and this provides for the ap­ a means of implementing the present law, the Foreign Service Buildings Commission, pointment of six. Which permits ekchange of properties, to over­ which is composed at the present time of Mr. BLOOM. Two additional ones. come practical difficulties of operation. Congressman SoL BLooM, as chairman, and Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, The Foreign Buildings Act, as you know, Representative CHARLES A. EA"J:ON, Senator at any rate, I ask unanimous consent established a very large real-estate business, TOM CONNALLY, and Senator HmAM JOHNSON, that it gtt over without prejudice. and while the legislative authority now per­ as well as the Secretary of State, the Secre­ mits the exchange of Government properties, tary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of Mr. BLOOM. Is there any reason the and several favorable transactions have re­ Comm·erce. All transactions consummated g.entleman would like it to go over, be­ eulted whereby the original investment and during the •fiscal year would, of course, be sides the Ramseyer. rule matter? 1 holdings have been materially enhanced, be­ annually reported to the Congress with the would like to explain it. We need this cause of difficulties experienced in effecting budget for the succeeding fiscal year. in the State Department. If there is any 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5321 other reason, I would like to have the many of a new, delicate, and unprecedented purpose of the law to which this bill re­ opportunity to explain it. character, which today require solution in lates is to take care of in-migrant war the broad domain of foreign relations. workers at the various defense plants in Mr. COLE of New York. I do not like Certain readjustments possible within the to repeat myself. If the matter had framework of existing legislation have already congested areas where housing is not been very urgent, the chairman of the been made to assure an organization equal otherwise available. committee and the Committee on For­ to the responsibilities given to the Depart­ The National Housing Agency, of eign Affairs could have reported his bill l!lent to discharge. These readjustments are course, has been the claimant agency dated March 2 long prior to May 5. not a complete solution of all the adminis­ with reference to priorities for that pur­ Mr. BLOOM. We did it as fast as we trative problems of the Department. Studies pose. The act itself specifies that these could. We had U. N. R. R. A., lend-lease, are constantly being conducted looking to improvement. The adjustments recently various housing projects are for these and everything else. We are working undertaken will, however, achieve a substan­ in-migrant war workers and the pur­ every day in our committee. tial broadening and intensification of the poses and the provisions of the act are Mr. COLE of New York. It will re­ work and a higher coordination of political, not modified by the reference in the quire a great deal of explanation to economic, and other activities, than has pending bill to this 'particular section. justify six Assistant Secretaries of State. heretofore been possible. This is what we are undertaking to do Mr .. BLOOM. It is two additional Sec­ Further to implement the machinery of now, without any additional expenditure, retaries of State. the Department of State, I consider it not only desirable but imperative that authority without any additional personnel: War Mr. COLE of New York. The bill be given in the present emergency, and for housing, as the gentleman from New states: so long thereafter as may be liecessary, to Jersey knows, is tapering off because we That there shall be in the Department of provide additional Assistant Secretaries of have just about reached the peak of what State an Under Secretary of State and not to State, to whom may be delegated broad au­ is necessary. This makes rna terials more exceed siX Assistant Secretaries of State. thority and ample facilities to participate available now for private housing than in the formulation of policy and to direct they have been heretofore, especially in Mr. BLOOM. But there are four now. the carrying forward of those activities in This is to provide two additional ones. world affairs determined to be in further­ these congested areas where by fire or Mr. COLE of New York. As I started ance of national interests and the attain­ tornado or flood or condemnation of to say, it will require a good deal of ment and maintenance of a stable peace. property people who are not directly con­ explanation to justify six Assistant Sec­ The proposed legislation has been referred nected with the war effort have b~en or retaries of State when neither the War to the Director o! the Bureau of the Budget, may be deprived of their homes and need Department nor the Navy Department, who has informed the Department that its to repair or rebuild them, and since the having the tremendous responsibility transmission to the Congress is not incon­ National Housing Agency has been made sistent with the Government's fiscal program. the claimant agency for priorities for they have, require more than three Respectfully_submitted. assistants. E. R. STETTINIUS, Jr., them, this measure simply permits, with­ Mr. BLOOM. This is not six. This Acting Secretary of State. out any governmental expenditure, these private people to begin the construction is for two. This is for two additional Mr. COLE of New York. I was not Secretaries of State. or repair of houses at their own expense Mr. COLE of New York. I am refer­ speaking of the two additional ones. I and also encourages the general building ring only to the gentleman's own bill. question the advisability of having six. industry to get back into the construc­ Mr. BLOOM. The bill calls for only The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tion that will be necessary after the war. the request of the gentleman from New Mr. KEAN. I thought private housing two additional Secretaries of State, not York [Mr. CoLE] that the bill ·be passed six. was done by the F. H. A. over without prejudice? Mr. LANHAM. That is true, but the Mr. COLE of New York. It authorizes There was no objection. the appointment of six Assistant Secre­ National Housing Agency has been made taries of State. AMENDMENT TO ACT ENTITLED "AN ACT the claimant agency for all priorities. I Mr. BLOOM. Two additional. TO EXPEDITE THE PROVISION OF am not referring simply to the private Mr. COLE of New York. It may be HOUSING IN CONNECTION WITH NA­ housing that is done through F. H. A. t,rue that there are only four now. TIONAL DEFENSE" I am referring to anyone who at his own Mr. BLOOM. There are four now. The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. expense weuld wish to repair his home or, The committee report explains this mat­ 4728, to amend the act entitled "An act if he had been deprived in these areas ter thoroughly. Let me call attention to expedite the provision of housing in of a place of residence, would wish to to the following letter from the Acting connection with the national defense, build at his own expense. There are no Secretary· of State which was included and for other purposes," approved Oc­ governmental funds involved, no addi­ i:n the President's message on this bill tober 14, 1940, as amended. tional personnel, and no additional ex­ and which is also in the report of the The· SPEAKER. Is there objection to penditure. As a matter of fact, it makes Foreign Affairs Committee. the present consideration of the bill? for economy in establishing in one place the personnel already existing to get pri­ DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Mr. KEAN. Mr. Speaker, reserving the Washington, February 21, 1944. orities for these people who wish privately right to object, I would like to ask the · at their own expense to construct homes The PRESIDENT, gentleman from Texas, the chairman of The White House. for themselves. It enables them to get the committee reporting this bill, with prioritjes if available. That is the entire The PRESIDENT: I have the honor to sub­ reference to it. When we passed all this mit, with a view to its transmission to the purpose of the bill. It has nothing in Congress, if you approve, a bill to provide for legislation with respect to so-called Lan­ the world to do with public housing. It the appointment of two additional Assistant ham building funds, we thought it was does not involve any governmental ex­ Secretaries of State in the present emergency for the purpose of providing housing for penditures. It is simply a facility for and for so long thereafter as may be persons engaged in national defense ac­ acquiring priorities for private construc­ necessary. tivities, and I believe that was so. There The purpose of this bill is to facilitate is one provision here taking out the word­ tion, and we can do it in this way with­ the conduct of the foreign relations of the ing "for persons engaged in national de­ out any additional personnel and with­ United States and to assure in these times fense activities.'' It is a little difficult out any additional expense. an instrumentality f,ully adequate to assist in without looking through the whole bill, Mr. KEAN. Is it to find something to directing the foreign policy of the Govern~ do for this organization? ment, and to protect and promote the na­ even though you are in full accord with tional interests. the Ramseyer rule, to know exactly what Mr. LANHAM. No; because whatever Just as maintenance of good relations and that means, and I would like an explana­ they can do toward nelping private mutual understanding between the United tion as to why that was left out. builders get priorities expires just as the States and other nations makes indispensa-­ Mr. LANHAM. Mr. Speaker, I would public angle does within 2 years after ble an effective Foreign Service, legislation the war. In the hearings that is very to accompl1Eh which has recently been recom­ like to make an explanation to the gen­ mended to the favorable consideration of the tleman, and when he understands the clearly shown. This is merely to help Congress, it is indispensable that the Depart­ purpose of this I am sure he will be in -the private citizen whose home has been ment of State be organized effectively to accord with the measure. The gentle­ destroyed or may need repairs to pro­ bandle the greater complexity of problems, man is correct in his statement that the ceed at his own expense but to make 5322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 available an agency through which he Mr. CRAWFORD. Does this bill in any during the war that the WAC's them­ may get priorities to the materials. way, directly or indirgctly change the law selves have. It is a wartime measure. Mr. CRAWFORD. May I ask the gen­ so that these houses, built for the occu­ Mr. COLE of New York. The bill re­ tleman a question? pancy of people engaged in the national lating to the Navy Nurse Corps was for Mr. LANHAM. Yes. war effort, if this bill is made law, may a temporary period only. What is the Mr. CRAWFORD. I am not familiar be used for the purpose of housing refu- situation in regard to this bill for the with the bill, but I would like to find out gees brought into this country? _ Army Nurse Corps? if a private individual who wants to Mr. LANHAM. There is nothing what­ Mr. MAAS. But this is also temporary rebuild a. home or repair an old one that ever of that character in this act or in because it relates to the Army of the was destroyed due to a storm, cyclone, or this bill. United States which, in itself, is tem­ otherwisef must now go through this Mr. CRAWFORD. This bill has noth­ porary. It is only a war measure. These Defense Housing Administration priori­ ing to do with that. are not commissions of the United States ties service under this bill in order to Mr. LANHAM. There is nothing of Army, so it is temporary by the very na-. get that material? that character in this bill. ture of things. Mr. LANHAM. Under the National Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. COLE of New York. My only pur­ Housing Agency. This has nothing to do unanimous .::onsent that this bill be pose in raising the question is to make with the Defense Homes Corporation. . passed over without prejudice until we sure, and as sure as can be, that the Mr. CRAWFORD. I am not talking have time to find out more about it. Navy Nurse Corps and the Army Nurse about the Defense Homes Corporation. Mr. LANHAM. Will the gentleman Corps are treated alike. I am talking about a private citizen withhold that request for just a moment? Mr. MAAS. If this bill is passed and whose home was destroyed by any cause Mr. CRAWFORD. Yes. my amendment which I have sent to whatsoever, by which we now propose to Mr. LANHAM. I should like to get the desk is adopted, they will then be further confuse him by channeling his the gentleman to read the hearings on on an exact parallel, and they will be efforts to obtain material, in forcing him the bill and see if a little later we cannot parallel with all other women's organi­ to go through the Defense Housing set­ bring this bill up again, in view of the zations in the military service. up. fact that we want to save the private in­ Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. Mr. LANHAM. He now has nowhere dustry of this country, if possible, and Speaker, reserving the right to object-­ to go, and he now cannot get the ma­ relieve these people who are willing to and I shall not object-! may say to·the terial at all. repair or rebuild their homes at their own gentleman from New York that lines 9, Mr. CRAWFORD. Let us examine expense. 10, 11, and 12, page 2, refer to the joint that for a moment. Does the gentle­ The SPEAKER. Is tliere objection to resolution of September 22, 1941, as man mean to tell me that if my house the request of the gentleman from Mich­ amended by the act of July 7, 1943. That in Saginaw, Mich., burns down tonight igan? resolution, apparently, places the Nurse and is virtually destroyed, that I have no There was no objection. Corps within the provisions of the means through which to provide any new statute which makes the Army of the repair parts for that home? ARMY NURSE CORPS United States temporary for the dura­ Mr. LANHAM. Does the gentleman The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. tion of the war and 6 months thereafter. know of any way he can get them? 4445, to authorize temporary appoint­ Furthermore, it was the understanding Mr. CRAWFORD. I am just asking ment as officers in the Army of the United of the members of the Military Commit­ the question if this Congress has failed States of members of the Army Nurse tee--and I am sure any member of the in that respect. I know that priorities Corps, female persons having the neces­ committee here will agree with me­ are being obtained all along in some sary qualifications for appointment in that at the proper time we were given to manner. I am asking now, do they go such corps, female dietetic and physical­ understand by a member of the Naval through this Defense Housing Adminis­ therapy personnel of the Medical De­ Committee that they wished this act tration? partment of the Army (exclusive of stu­ passed in this way, and at this time they - Mr. LANHAM. They have always had dents and apprentices), and female per­ would offer the amendment which the to go through some agency, and this is sons having the necessary qualifications gentleman from Minnesota spoke of a trying-- ' for appointment in such department as while ago, which would put them on Mr. CRAWFORD. That is not my female dietetic or physical-therapy per­ exactly the same basis. question. My question is, How have they sonnel, and for other purposes. Mr. COLE of New York. As long as traveled heretofore, and what is the ne­ Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, there has been consultation and co­ cessity for making them take this new reserving the right to object, some operation between the two committees, course in addition? months ago a bill was passed by the to make sure that their respective agen­ Mr. LANHAM. They have always had House authorizing temporary rank of cies are treated alike, then I have no to go through some governmental the members of the Navy Nurse Corps. further question. agency. They have no other way to get Now comes this bill, with reference to Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will it. the same general subject matter of rank, the gentleman yield? Mr. CRAWFORD. I agree with the relating to the Army Nurse Corps. Mr. COLE of New York. I yield to the gentleman on that. · The gentleman from Minnesota, the gentleman from Massachusetts. Mr. LANHAM. This is merely doing author of the Navy Nurse Corps bill, is Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I something, without creating some other present, and I should like to inquire am glad the gentleman from New York agency, to use the personnel that we have wherein this bill relating to the Army takes the position he does, because this at the present time to help these people Nurse Corps differs from the bill already bill is very meritorious and gives recog-. passed relating to the Navy Nurse Corps? nition to a group of fine heroines in this get their priorities, and try to build up war. I understand a similar bill has the private construction industry in this Mr. MAAS. The present bill for the Army Nurse Corps is broader than the passed the Senate. If this bill passes country. and unanimous consent is obtained, I Mr. CRAWFORD. Unless I get a sat­ one for the Navy. It was only through an oversight in drafting the bill to give assume the necessary motion will be· isfactory explanation of it; I shall object made to strike out all after the enacting to this. First, through what source do military rank to the Navy Nurse Corps clause in the bill and substitute the they now obtain those priorities? that the Army Nurse Corps was excluded. I have an amendment, which I will House bill as amended. Mr. LANHAM. The priorities are ob­ Is my understanding correct? If not, · tained from the War Production Board. send to the desk, which, if not objected I suggest that be done, because, other­ The War Production Board has now des­ to, will bring them into exact parallel. wise, so far as the two branches are ignated the National Housing Agency as It seems to me ridiculous to have brought concerned, you will have separate bills, the claimant agency for all these priori­ the women into the Army and the Navy with the exception of what difference ties, and if they do not get them this and given them full military rank dur­ might exist. The Senate can then con­ way, they will not get them. ing the war, and not give the same equiv­ cur, or the bill can go to conference. Mr. CRAWFORD. They are getting alent rank to our nurses. All this bill Did the gentlewoman from Ohio have th-:-m now. f.li:ay I ask another question? does is to give the nurses in the Army my suggestion in mind? Iv~r. :tANHAM. Certainly. exactly the same status and recognition Mrs. BOLTON. Yes. 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE 5323 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there 2, 1901, and service rendered pursuant to an section shall be applicable with respect to objection to the present consideration appointment under this act. travel performed on or after December 22, of the bill? SEc. 5. In computing ·years of service for 1942." . all purposes of female dietetic and physical­ There was no objection. therapy personnel appointed and assigned The committee amendments were The Clerk read the bill, as follows·: under the provisions of section 1 of this act agreed to. Be it enacted, etc., That, notwithstanding there shall be .credited all active full-time Mr. MAAS. Mr. Speaker, I offer an any other provision of law, members of the service (except as a student or apprentice) amendment. Army Nurse Corps, female persons having the in the dietetic or physical-therapy categories The Clerk read as follows: necessary qualifications for appointment in rendered subsequent to April 6, 1917, as a such corps, female dietetic and physical­ civilian employee of the War Department, Amendment offered by Mr. MAAs: Page 'T, therapy personnel of the Medical Depart­ service rendered pursuant to an appointment after line 3, insert a new section, as follows: ment of the Army (exclusive of students and a-s a female dietitian or physical-therapy aide "The provisions of th.is act shall apply also apprentices) appointed under the provisions under the provisions of the act of Decem­ to the members of the Naval Nurse Corps." of the act of December 22, 1942 (56 Stat. ber 22, 1942 (56 Stat. 1072), and service ren­ Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, will dered pursuant to an appointment under 1072), and female persons having the neces­ the gentleman yield? sary qualifications for appointments in such this act. department as female dietetic or physical­ SEc. 6. Notwithstanding any other provi­ Mr. MAAS. I yield to the gentlerp.an therapy personnel under the provisions of sion of law, no woman appointed and as­ from Alabama. the act of December 22, 1942 (56 Stat. 1072), signed under the provisions of section 1 of Mr. SPARKMAN. I wonder if the may be appointed as officers in the Army of this Act who is a member of the Army Nurse gentleman will give us this information. the United States under the provisions of Corps or who has previously held an ap­ Of course, this bill relates not only to the joint resolution of September 22, 1941 (55 pointment as a female dietitian or physical­ the Army Nurse Corps but also to the Stat. 728), as amended by the act of July 7, therapy aide under the provisions of the act 1943 (Public Law 114, 78th Cong.) in the of December 22, 1942 (56 Stat. 1072), shall physiotherapists and dietitians. Are grades therein prescribed, and assigned, re­ be entitled to any uniform allowance payable there similar positions in the Navy; and spectively, to the Army Nurse Corps and to officers of the Army of the United States. if so, should they be included in this Medical Department of the Army. All per­ Any such woman who, either as a member amendment? sons so appointed and assigned shall have of the Army Nurse Corps or a dietitian or Mr. MAAS. There are no similar po­ authority in and about military hospitals as physical-therapy aide, has not received a com­ sitions in the Navy. If later the Navy regards medical and >Sanitary matters and plete issue of uniforms, insignia, accessories, should decide to create such positions or all other work within the scope of their and equipment prescribed by regulations of professional duties next after other officers the Secretary of War for persons in the re­ find need for them, they can get the of the Medical Department and, except as spective categories may be issued the re­ benefits by establishing them in the Navy above provided, shall exercise command only mainder of such prescribed articles, and any Nurse Corps. over those members of the Army of the such woman who has heretofore or may here­ The amendment was agreed to. United States specifically placed under their after receive such complete issue, or any part Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, command. Members of the Army Nurse thereof, may retain such articles as her per­ I understand that a similar Senate bill, Corps so appointed and assigned shall not by sonal property. S. 1808, is at the Clerk's desk. I ask acceptance of their appointments vacate SEc. 7. -For the purpose of effectuating unanimous consent that it be considered their appointments in the Army Nurse Corps. prompt and equitable appointments .u:p.der in lieu of the House bill. SEc. 2. All persons appointed and assigned section 1 of this act of the personnel men­ as officers in the Army of the United States tioned in the title of this act who are on The Clerk read the title of the Senate under the provisions of section 1 of this act active duty on the date of enactment of this bill. and their dependents and beneficiaries shall act, the President is authorized to appoint, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there have all the rights, privileges, and benefits in commissioned grades corresponding to the objection to the request of the gentleman accorded in like cases to other persons ap­ relative rank held by such personnel on the from New York? pointed under the joint resolution of Sep­ effective date of the order of appointment, all tember 22, 1941 (55 Stat. 728), as amended, or any part of such personnel by means of Mr. McCORMACK. Reserving the except where otherwise expressly provided a blanket order without specifying the names right ~o object, Mr. Speaker, may I sug­ in this or any subsequent act. of the personnel so appointed. Any person gest to the gentleman from New York SEc. 3. In addition to members of the Army so appointed by such blanket order shall be that the title of the bill may require Nurse Corps, any person appointed and as­ deemed for all purposes to have accepted her amendment? I am not sure that it does. signed as an officer in the Army of the United appointment as an officer in the Army of This bill relates to members of the Army States under the provisions of section 1 of the United States upon the effective date of Nurse Corps. Should not the title now this Act shall be eligible to be retired under such blanket order unless she shall ex­ be amended to include members of both any law providing for the retirement of mem­ pressly decline such appointment, and. shall bers of the Army Nurse Corps, and any such receive from such date the pay and allow­ the Army Nurse Corps and the Navy person, including members of the Army Nurse ances of the commissioned grade to which Nurse Corps? Corps, who, while serving under such ap­ she was so appointed. No such person who, Mr. COLE of New York. The title pointment and assignment, is so retired for upon receiving an appointment in the Army should be amended. disability shall receive retired pay at the rate of the United States, shall have subscribed to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of 75 percent bf the active duty base and the oath of office required by section 1757, objection to the request of the gentleman longevity pay received by her while serving Revised Statutes, shall be ·required to renew from New York? in the highest grade in which she served un­ such oath or to take a new oath upon her der any such appointment and assignment, appointment as a commissioned officer, if There was no objection. and, notwithstanding any other provision of her service in the Army of the United States Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, law, shall be placed upon the Army Nurse after the taking of such oath shall have I offer an amendment. Corps retired list in such highest grade. Any been continuous. The Clerk read as follows: member of the Army Nurse Corps retired be­ tween December 7, 1941, and the date of With the following committee amend­ Amendment offered by Mr. CoLE of New enactment of this act for disability and any ments: York: Strike out all after the enacting clause female dietitian or physical-therapy aide so of the bill S. 1808, and insert the provisions Page 4, line 6, after the word "period'', of the bill H. R. 4445, as amended. retired between January 12, 1943, and the insert "Provided, That nothing contained in date of enactment of this act shall receive, this section shall operate to reduce the re­ The amendment was agreed to. effective on the first day of the first month tired pay presently received by any nurse, The Senate bill was ordered to be read next following the date of enactment of this female dietitian, or physical-therapy aide." a third time, was read the third time, act, retired pay at the rate of 75 percent of Page· 6, after line 17, insert a new section: and passed. the highest active duty base and longevity "SEc. 8. women appointed in the Army pay received by her while serving in the Army Nurse Corps, female dietitians, and physical­ A similar House bill, H. R. 4445, was Nurse Corps or Medical Department of the therapy aides appointed in the medical de­ laid on the tabie. Army, as the case may be, during the above­ partment of the Army under the provisions of Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, cited applicable period. the act of December 22, 1942 (56 Stat. 1072), I ask unanimous consent that the title SEc. 4. In computing years of service for and women appointed from civilian life under be amended so as to read "A bill relating all purposes of members of the Army Nurse the provisions of section 1 of this act shall to the temporary appointment of mem­ Corps appointed and assigned under the pro­ receive for travel performance under com­ bers of the Army and Navy Nurse Corps." visions of section 1 of this Act there shall petent orders from home to first-duty station be credited active service in the Army Nurse the mileage allowed provided for persons ap­ Mr. McCORMACK. Reserving the Corps and in the Navy Nurse Corps, active pointed as officers under the joint resolution right to object, Mr. Speaker, would that service as a contract nurse prior to February of September 22, 1941 (55 Stat. 728). This be correct? Should it be "the Army and 5324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 Navy Nurse Corps" or "the Army Nurse uates of West Point. May I inquire if property situated therein other than at a graduates of the Naval Academy are given temporary location, as herein defined. Corps and the Navy Nurse Corps"? · "(2) After the date ,of enactment of the Mr. COLE of New York. I suggest that a mileage allowance when traveling from Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act amend­ the gentleman from Massachusetts sug­ the Naval Academy to their first post of ments of 1942, no State, Territory, posses­ gest an amendment to the title. duty? sion, political subdivision thereof, or the Dis­ Mr. McCORMACK. My suggestion Mr. ANDREWS of New York. It seems trict of Columbia shall make claim for, col­ would be that the title be amended to to me that that is a matter for some lect, or receive from any person in the mili­ read "To aut horize temporary appoint­ member of the Committee on Naval Af­ tary service any tax made inapplicable by ment as officers in the Army of the subsection ( 1) hereof and which has accrued fairs to consider. subsequent to the declaration of the national United States of members of the Army Mr. COLE of New York. Unfortunate­ emergency made by the President on Sep­ Nurse Corps and the members of the ly, these bills were not brought to this tember 8, 1939; but the refund of taxes col­ Navy Nurse Corps." Then there is no member of the Committee on Naval Af­ lected or received prior to such effective date question about their being separate. fairs until it was too late to make inqui.I:y shall not be required by the provisions of this Mrs. BOLTON. The members of the at the Navy Department. This member section. . Navy Nurse Corps would not be ap­ of the Committ ee on Naval Affairs is "(3) This section shall not be deemed in pointed in the Army. · hereby displaying his interest in seeing any manner to authorize any State, Terri­ tory, possession, political subdivision there­ Mr. McCORMACK. The bill now cov­ that the two services are kept on an equal of, or the District of Columbia to impose any ers both, we agree to that, but such an basis. I may be pardoned if I express tax upon personal property located in or on amendment would mean that they are a bit of advice that the Committee on any Federal area. separate organizations appointed in their Military Affairs inquire into that par­ "(4) (a) When after September 8, 1939, a respective departments, and no confu­ ticular phase of their bill so that they person in the military service has changed sion is created such as might be caused may be sure that their service is not put his physical residence in order to comply with by amending the title so as to read "Army on a more advantageous basis than the military orders he shall be deemed to have and Navy Nurse Corps." acquired a 'temporary residence'; except that Navy. for purposes of taxation by a State, Terri­ Mr. MASON. If .the gentleman will Mr. ANDREWS of New York. May I tory, possession, or the District of Columbia yield, if you insert the word "the" so it suggest that we pass this bill over tem­ he shall be deemed to have acquired a 'tem­ will read "the Army" and "the Navy," porarily today until the matter can be in­ porary residence' only if he shall have moved the two wiii be se}:ctrate. quired into and a suitable amendment outside the exterior boundaries of such State, Mr. McCORMACK. Yes; that is a offered? Territory, possession, or the District of Co­ very good suggestion. Mr. COLE of New York. I would be lumbia. Mr. BROOKS. If the gentleman will very happy if the gentleman would sub­ "(b) Personal property shall be deemed to yield, the Army of the United States is have a 'temporary location' when a person mit that request. in the military service has such property at a temporary organization. Under that Mr. ANDREWS of New York. Mr. his 'temporary residence' or when, on chang­ amendment, wiii you have that tempo­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that ing from one 'temporary residence' to an­ rary status in the Navy that you have the bill be passed over temporarily today other, he leaves i~ at a previous 'temporary in the Army? until a satisfactory amendment can be residence.' Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, prepared. "(c) The term 'Federal area' means any lands or premises owned or acquired by or I ask unanimous consent that this bill The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there may be passed over temporarily until for the use of the United States or any de­ objection to the request of the gentleman partment, establishment, or agency of the the Members interested have an oppor­ from New York? · United States." tunity to discuss further the question There was no objection. of the amendment of the title of the bill. With the following committee amend­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there AMENDMENT OF THE SOLDIERS' AND m ent: SAILORS' RELIEF ACT objection to the request of the gentle­ On page 1, line 7, strike out all of section man from New York? The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. 514 down to and including line 2, on page 4, There was no objection. 4733, to amend section 514 of the Sol­ and insert the following: "'SEc. 514. (1) For the purposes of taxation WEST POINT Mn.EAGE ALLOWANCE diers' and Sailors' Relief Act. There being no objection, the Clerk in respect of any person, or of his personal property, income, or gross income, by any 'l:'he Clerk called the next bill, S. 1669, read the bill, as follows: clarify the law relative to allowances Stat e, Territory, possession, or political sub­ to Be it enacted, etc., That section 514 of the division of any of the foregoing, or by the for mileage of graduates· of the United Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940 District of Columbia, such person shall not States Military Academy and transpor­ (54 Stat. 1179) , as added by the Soldiers' and be deemed to have lost a residence or domi­ tation of their dependents on assignment Sailors' Civil Relief Act amendments of 1942 cile in any State, Territory, possession, or to their first duty station and to the (56 Stat. 769), is hereby amended to read as political subdivision of any of the foregoing, mileage allowance of persons entering the follows: or in the District of Columbia, scbly by United States Military Academy as cadets. "SEc. 514. (1) The income, gross receipts, reason of being absent therefrom in com­ and personal property, tangible or intangible pliance with military or naval orders, or to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there (including automotive vehicles), of any per­ have acquired a residence or domicile in, or objection to the present consideration of son in the military service shall not be sub­ to have become resident in or a resident of, the bill? . ject to taxation by any State, Territory, pos­ any other St ate, Territory, possession, or Mr. COLE of New York. Reserving the session, political subdivision thereof, or the political subdivision of any of the foregoing, right to object, Mr. Speaker, this bill District of Columbia, by reason of (a) his or the District of Columbia, while, and solely authorizes the payment of mileage al­ temporary residence, (b) receipt of income or by reason of being, so absent. For the pur­ gross receipts, or (c) the temporary location poses of taxation in respect of the personal lowances to graduates of West Point from of personal property within a State, Terri­ property, income, or gross income of any West Point to their first post of duty. tory, possession, political subdivision thereof, such person by any St ate, Territory, posses­ May I inquire if there is someone pres­ or the District of Columbia: Provided, That sion, or political subdivision of any of the ent who is informed as to whether a nothing contained in this section shall pre­ foregoing, or the District of Columbia, of graduate of Annapolis is to be given a vent the State, Territory, possession, political which such person ~ not a resident or in similar allowance on graduation · from subdivision thereof, or.the District of Colum­ which he is not domiciled, compensation for Annapolis? bia, wherein a person in ,the military service military or naval service shall not be deemed resided or was domiciled prior to the time income for services performed within, or Mr. ANDREWS of New York. The real when he first acquired a temporary residence, from sources within, such State, Territory, effect of this bill is to provide travel al- as defined herein, from imposing a tax upon possession, politimil subdivision, or District, lowance for a young man who is dis­ the income, gross receipts, or personal prop­ and personal property shall not be deemed charged from the military ·service a way erty of such persons, if it otherwise hao juris­ to be located or present in or to have a situs from the Military Academy, and to defray diction to impose such tax: And provided fur­ for taxation in such State, Territory, posses­ his expenses from that point of discharge ther, That nothing contained in this section sion, or political subdivision, or district: to the academy. shall prevent a State, Territory, possession, Provided, That nothing contained in th is political subdivision thereof, or the District section shall prevent taxation by any· State, Mr. COLE of New York. That is the of Columbia from imposing taxes upon in- Territory, possession, or political subdivi­ effect of the committee amendment to . come or gross receipts, other than compensa­ sion of any of the foregoing, or the District the bill, yes ; but the bill itself goes fur­ tion.for military service, derived from sources of Columbia in respect of personal property ther. It affects the relations of grad- therein, nor from imposing a tax on personal used in or arising from a trade or business, 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 5325 if it otherwise has jurisdiction. This sec­ - Whereas because of our military operations Mississippi River - Wildlife and Fish tion shall be effective as of September 8, in certain other areas in Asia, there are now Refuge. 1939, except that it shall not require the thousands of young American citizens in crediting or refunding of any tax paid prior countries where opium is cultivated and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there to October 6, 1942. freely available, and other Americans are on objection to the present consideration of "'(2) When used in this section, (a) the vessels delivering war materials to those the bill? term "personal property" shall include tangi­ countries, which condition constitutes a real Mr. COLE of New York. Reserving ble and intangible property (including motor threat to the health and welfare of these the right to object, Mr. Speaker, may I vehicles), and (b) the term "taxation'' shall Americans and affords easy oportunitY for the inquire of some Member who may be include but not be limited to licenses, fees, highly profitable smuggling of opium into or excises imposed in respect to motor ve­ the United States where its use has been advised on this matter whether this new hicles or the use thereof: Provided, That the greatly reduced: Therefore be it territory that is being added to the Up­ license, fee, or excise required by the State, Resolved, etc., That the Congress express its per Mississippi River Wildlife and Fish Territory, possession, or District of Colum­ conviction that this World War ought to be Refuge is adjacent to the existing refuge? bia of which the person is a resident or in not an occasion for permitting expansion and spreading of illicit traffic in-opium, but rather Mr. MUNDT. I understand that it is which he is domiciled has been paid. • a matter of transferring the title so that "SEc. 3. Nothing contained in this act shall an opportunity for completely eliminating be construed to require the crediting or re­ it; and be it further it can be used by the refuge. funding of any tax in respect of tangible Resolved, That the President be, and he Mr. COLE of New York. ' The land to personal property (including licenses, fees, hereby is, requested to approach the govern­ be acquired is contiguous to the existing or excise imposed in r.espect of motor vehicles ments of all opium-producing countries refuge? or the use thereof) paid prior to the date of throughout the world, urging upon them in Mr. MUNDT. Yes. its enactment." the· interest of protecting American citizens and those of our allies and of freeing the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there The committee amendment was agreed world of an age-old evil, that they take im­ objection to the present consideration of to. mediate steps to limit and control the growth the bill? The bill was ordered to be engrossed of the opium poppy and the production of There was no objection. opium and its derivatives to the amount and read a third time, was read the third actually required for strictly medicinal and Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Speaker, I ask time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ scientific purposes. unanimous consent that a similar bill, sider was laid on the table. S. 1081, be considered in lieu of the House The joint resolution was ordered to be bill. . LIMITING PRODUCTION OF OPIUM engrossed and read a third time, was The Clerk called the joint resolution read the third time, and passed, and a There being no objection, the Clerk (H. J. Res. 241) requesting the President motion, to reconsider was laid on the read the Senate bill, as follows: to urge upon the governments of those table. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of countries where the cultivation of the the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized poppy plant exists, the necessity of im­ ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT JUDG.E FOR THE to acquire, for and as part of the Upper Mis­ THIRD CIRCUIT sissippi River Wildlife and Fish Refuge, es­ mediately limiting the production of tablished pursuant to the authority con­ opium to the amount required for strictly The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. tained in the act of June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. medicinal and scientific purposes. 3750, to provide for the appointment of 650), as amended, those tracts of land situated There being no objection, the Clerk an additional circuit judge for the in Wabasha County, Minn., described as lots read the joint resolution, as follows: third circuit, and to permit the filling of 6 and 10, section 19, township 110 north, Whereas for nearly 40 years the United the first vacancy occurring in the office range 9 west, fifth principal meridian, con­ States of America has led the fight to destroy of district judge for the eastern district taining approximately one hundred and ten the illicit traffic in and nonmedical consump­ of Pennsylvania. and twenty-four one-hundredths acres, which tion of opium, as evidenced by its abolishing There being no objection, the Clerk tracts of land were acquired pursuant to au­ the opium monopoly system which it in­ read the bill, as follows: thortty contained in the acts of June 29, herited in the Philippine Islands; its calling 1888 (25 Stat. 228), and March 2, 1889 (25 at Shanghai in 1909 the first International Be it enacted, ets., That the President is .Stat. 992), for Indian use, but are no longer Commission to consider the opium problem; authorized to appoint, by and with the ad­ used by Indians. · its suggesting the calling of the three Inter­ vice and consent of the Senate, one addi­ SEc. 2. In order to carry out the provisions national Opium Conferences at The Hague tional circuit judge for the third circuit. of section 1 hereof, the sum of $1,261.20 from in 1912, 1913, 1914; its urging at the Inter­ SEc. 2. The proviso contained in section 2 funds heretofore made available to the Fish national Opium Conference of 1924 and 1925 (a) of the act approved May 24, 1940, enti­ and Wildlife Service for the purchase of lands sponsored by the League of Nations that the tled "An act to provide for the appointment for the. Upper Mississippi River Wildlife and only effective way 'to suppress the demoraliz­ of additional district and circuit judges" (54 Fish Refuge is hereby made available for ing use of opium and its derivatives (heroin, Stat. 219), is amended to read as follows: transfer on the books of the Treasury of the morphine, and so forth) was to control the "Provided, That the first vacancy occurring United States to the credit of the Medawakan­ source of the evil by limiting the cultivation in the office of district judge in each of said ton and Wahpakoota Bands of Sioux Indians, of the poppy plant to the legitimate medicinal districts, except in the eastern district of pursuant to the provisions of the act of May and scientific needs of the world; and its Pennsylvania, shall not be filled." 17, 1926 ( 44 Stat. 560), and said sum, when so further participation in the Geneva Confer­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed transferred, shall operate as a full, complete, ence of 1931 to restrict the manufacture and and read a third time, was read the third and perfect extinguishment of all their right, distribution of narcotic dru_gs; and ·title, and interest in and to the lands above Whereas the laws of the Chinese Govern­ time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ described, and shall be subject to disburse­ ment strictly prohibit the cultivation of the sider was laid on the table. ment under the direction of the Secretary of opium poppy and the use of smoking opium in EXTENSION OF SUGAR ACT the Interior for the benefit of the Meda­ all territory under it- control, and the people wakanton and Wahpakoota Bands of Sioux of China have valiantly resisted the attempts The Clerk called tne next bill, H. R. Indians. Where groups of such Indians are of the invading J apanese militarists to en­ 4833, to extend, for 2 additional years, organized as tribes under the act of June 18, slave them by encouraging and even com­ the provisions of the Sugar Act of 1937, 1934 (48 Stat. 984), the Secretary of the In­ pelling the cultivation and use of opium; and as amended, and the taxes with respect terior may set apart and disburse for their Whereas final defeat of Japan will termi­ to sugar. benefit and upon their request a proportion­ nate the illicit traffic in narcotics which has ate part of said sum, based on the number of been carried on by the Japanese military iri Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, as such Indians so organized. all territories they have occupied in the Far this bill is coming up under a suspension East; and of the rules later this afternoon, I ask The bill was ordered to be read a third Whereas the British and the Netherlands unanimous consent that it be pr,ssed over time, was read the third time, and passed, Governments have recently announced their without prejudice. and a motion to reconsider was laid on decision to prohibit the use of opium for The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the table. smoking and not to reestablish their govern­ objection to the request of the gentleman A similar House bill, H. R. 2650, was ment monopolies for the sale of smoking opium in the territories formerly controlled from Massachusetts? laid on the table. by them in the Far East when those terri­ There was no objection. ADJUSTMENTS OF IRRIGATION CHARGES tories are freed from Japanese occupation, UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER WILDLIFE AND The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. stating however that the success of their ac­ FISH REFUGE tion must in the final analysis depend upon 2651, ta authorize adjustments of irriga­ the cooperation of the. opium-gl'Owing coun­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. tion charges in certain land exchanges tries; and 2650, to add certain lands to the Upper within Indian irrigation projects. 5326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 There being no objection, the Clerk, The bill was ordered to be engrossed factory reason for it. Will the gentle­ read the bill, as follows: and read a third time, was read the third man state that for the RECORD? Be tt enacted, etc., That the Secretary of time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ Mr. CASE. I might say that the iden­ the Interior is authorized, in effecting ex­ sider was laid on the table. tical situation exists in South Dakota as changes between Indians and non-Indians of LANDS IN TRUST FOR INDIAN USE in Montana with respect to these lands trrigable lands within Indian irrigation proj­ purchased by the Government in the ects where any such exchanged lands are The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. name of the Secretary of Agriculture subject to liens covering unpaid irrigation 2666, to- declare that the United States costs, to transfer liens between the exchanged when the submarginal land program was lands in such manner and in such amounts holds certain lands in trust for Indian under way, that these lands purchased as he may deem appropriate: Provided, That use, and for other purposes. adjacent to or within the boundaries of such transfers shall not reduce the total The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Indian reservations should be trans­ amount of the unpaid irrigation costs against objection to the present consideration of ferred to the Secretary of the Interior the exchanged lands. - the bill? for the benefit of the Indian tribe. The The bill was ordered to be engrossed Mr. CASE. Mr. Speaker, reserving the House has previously pa:ssed a bill in and read a third time, was read the third right to object, I merely wish to state which South Dakota was incorporated, time, and passed, and· a motion to recon that at the time of the consideration .of but that bill did not come to considera­ sider was laid on the table. this bill, if consideration is granted, I tion in the other body. This amendment expect to offer an amendment to strike does not destroy the bill in any particu­ ADJUSTMENTS OF DEBTS OF INDIANS OR lar as to the State of Montana, but INDIAN TRIBES out the words "State of Montana" and merely changes the words "State of Mon­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. insert the words "States of Montana and tana" to the words "States of Montana 2654, to authorize the Secretary of the South Dakota." and South Dakota." Interior to adjust debts of individual The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. McCORMACK. I realize that, but Indians, associations of Indians, or In­ objection to the present consideration of I wanted to have the gentleman state dian tribes, and for other purposes. the bill? for the RECORD what the effect of the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there There was no objection? amendment would be. objection to tpe prese-nt consideration of The Clerk read the bill, as follows: Mr. CASE. I appreciate that. the bill? Be it enacted, etc., That title tq the lands The amendment was agreed to. Mr. CASE. Reserving the right to ob­ and interests in lands, together with the im­ The bill was- ordered to be engrossed ject, Mr. Speaker, section 2 of this bill provements thereon, which have been ac­ and read a third time, was read the third authorizes the Secretary of the Interior quired by the United States for Indian use time, and passed, and a motion to re­ to accept from individual Indians con­ under authority of title II of the National consider was laid on the table. veyances of land or interest therein to Industrial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933 ( 48 Stat. 200), the Emergency Relief Appropria­ AUTHORIZING THE LEASING OF INDIAN the United States in trust for the tribe tion Act of April 8, 1935 ( 49 Stat. 115) , and of which they are members, in partial or LANDS FOR BUSINESS AND OTHER PUR­ of section 55 of title I of the act of August POSES full settlement of debts resulting from 24, 1935 {49 Stat. 750, 781), lying and situated the use of tribal funds or funds appro­ within the State of Montana, administrative The Speaker called the next bill, H. R. priated by Congress for the benefit of In­ jurisdiction over which has heretofore been 3345, to authorize the leasing of Indian dians, whenever he may determine that transferred )Jy the President from the Secre­ lands for business, and other purposes. such debts are otherwise uncollectible, tary of Agriculture to the Secretary of the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Interior by Executive order, is hereby declared and it has this proviso: to be in the United States of America in objection to the present consideration of Provided, That if in any case the value of trust for the use and benefit of those re­ the bill? the land or interest therein exceeds the debt, spective tribes, bands, or groups of Indians Mr. CASE. Mr. Speaker, reserving the the Indian may be paid the difference from for whom they were acquired and such lands right to object, on reading this bill I any unobligated tribal funds belonging to the shall constitute additions to their respective feel that it would give to the Secretary tribe for whose benefit the conveyance is existing Indian reservations: Provided, That of the Interior the authority ro lease made, or from any public appropriations nothing in this act shall deprive any Indian individually allotted Indian lands held available to the Indian Service for the pur­ of any individual right, ownership, right of chase of land for Indian tribes. possession, or contract right th&t he may have in trust without regard to the wishes of the Indians. Under present practice or It seems to me that the bill in that in any land or improvements thereon. SEc. 2. For the purpose of consolidation, the present law if the Secretary of the In- form would permit the Secretary of the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized, . terior exercises that discretion he must Interior to use tribal funds to pay for under such rules and regulations, as he may get from the Indian a power of attorney. land without the consent of the tribe. prescribe, with the consent of the tribt., to Now, it is true there is language in this For that reason, I ask unanimous consent sell or exchange any. tribal lands and im­ bill which seems to reserve to the Indian that the bill be passed over without prej. provements thereon, located in the State of any right he now has to lease it himself. udice. Montana, including the lands referred to in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there section 1 of this act. Exchanges hereunder But it does not reserve to the Indian the objection to the request of the gentleman shall be made on the basis of equal value. precautionary rule that before the Secre­ Title to all lands and improvements so ac­ tary acts independently he must obtain from South Dakota? quired by the Government shall be taken in There was no objection. from the Indian the power of attorney. the United States in trust for the group, band, I feel that the Indian is entitled to that KANOSH INDIAN RESERVATION or t ribe of Indians to be benefited. notice and the request from the Secre­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. Mr. CASE. Mr. Speaker, I offer an tary that he be given the power of at­ 2655, to reserve certain land on the public amendment. torney. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I ask domain in Utah for addition to the The Clerk read as follows: unanimous consent that the bill be Kanosh Indian Reservation. Amendment offered by Mr. CASE: On page passed over at this time in order that There being no objection, the Clerk 1, line 10, and on page 2, line 16, strike out that point may be gone into. read the bill, as follows: the words "State of Montana" and insert the words "States of Montana and South The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Be it enacted, etc., That the southeast qua;rter, east half of the northeast quarter, Dakota." objection to the request of the gentle­ and the northwest quarter of the northeast man from South Dakota? Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will There was no objection. quarter of section 35, township 22 south, the gentleman yield? range 5 west; west half of the west half of MINNESOTA CHIPPEWA TRIBE section 14, and the east half of the east half Mr. CASE. I yield. of section 15, township 23 south, range 5 west, Mr. McCORMACK. Will the gentle­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. Salt Lake meridian, Utah, containing 600 man state for the RECORD what the effect 872, to declare that the United States acres, be, and the same are hereby, withdrawn of the amendment would be? Of course, holds certain lands in trust for the from the public domain and reserved as an I hate to object, because the amendment Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. additi

provements thereon,. which have been ac­ Be it enacted, etc., That the fourt~ and fifth although the amount of money involved quired by the United States under authority provisos of section 2 of the act entitled "An is very small? of title II of the National Industrial Recovery act to promote the mining of coal, phosvhate; Mr. PETERSON of Florida. I think Act of June 16, 1933 (48 Stat. 200), the Emer­ oil, oil shale, gas, and sodium on the public gency Relief Appropriation Act of April 8. domain," approved February 25, 1920 (41 the greater portion of the use is by the 1935 (49 Stat. 115), and of section 55 of title Stat. 437, 438; 30 U. S. C., sees. 201, 202), are Federal Government at the present time. I of the act of August 24, 1935 ( 49 Stat. 750, hereby amended to read as follows: "And Mr. COLE of New York. You mean '?81), lying and situate within the State of provided further, That no company or cor­ used by the Army for airplane spotters? Minnesota, .administrative jurisdiction over poration operating a common-carrier rail­ Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Yes. which has heretofore been transferred by the road shall be given or hold a pfi!rmit or lease Mr. COLE of New York. Is that why President from the Secretary of Agriculture under the provisions of this act for any coal the Secretary of the Interior wants tQ to the Secretary of the Interior by Executive deposits except for its own use for railroad buy them? Order No. 7868, dated April 15, 1938, is hereby purposes; and such limitations of use shall declared to be held in trust by the United be expressed in all. perm! ts and leases issued Mr. PETERSON of Florida. No. States of America for the use and benefit of to such companies or corporations; and no Mr. COLE of New York. Why does he the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, and the such company or corporation shall receive or want to buy the:ij;~.? Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized hold under permit or lease more than 10,240 Mr. PETERSON of Florida. It would to proclaim such lands as an addition to the acres in the aggregate nor more than one keep down forest fires and hazards and White Earth Indian Reservation. permit or lease for each 200 miles of its rail­ would enable them to block them and road lines served or to be served from such The bill was ordered to be engrossed coal deposits exclusive of spurs or switches enable them to have complete control and read a third time, was read the third and exclusive of branch lines built to connect over it, whereas the other way it was time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ the leased coal with the railroad, and also ex­ virtually a private amusement situation sider was laid on the table. clusive of parts of the railroad operated there. It was unanimously reported by mainly by power proguced otherwise than by the committee. We went into it rather MOORES CREEK NATIONAL MILITARY steam: And provided further, That nothing thoroughly and the gentleman appeared PARK in this section shall preclude .such a railroad before the committee, and it has the The Clerk calfed the next bill, H. R. of less than 200 miles in length from securing approval of the Budget. one permit or lease thereunder, but no rail­ 3384, to authorize the Secretary of the road shall hold a permit or lease for lands in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Interior to accept property for the any State in which it does not operate main objection to the present consideration of Moores Creek National Military Park, or branch lines." the bill? and for other plirposes. · There was no objection. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there The bill was ordered to be read a third The Clerk read the bill, as follows: objection to the present consideration time, was read the third time, and Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of 'of the bill? passed, and a motion to reconsider was the Interior is hereby authorized and em­ Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, laid on the table. powered to purchase on behalf of the United OLYMPIC NATIONAL PARK States, upon such terms as he may deem reserving the right to object, I should proper, the buildings, structures, furniture, like to inquire if this proposed addition The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. fixtures, and other equipment of the Olym­ to Moores Creek National Military Park 1654, to authorize the acquisition, reha­ pic Chalet Co., a corporation organized and of 100 acres of land is to be contiguous bilitation, and operation of the facilities existing under the laws of the State of Wash­ ·to the existing park? for the public in the Olympic National ington, used by the National Park Service Mr. BARDEN. Yes; it is conti¥UOUS and the United States Army jointly, or used Park, in the State of Washington, and by the Olympic Chalet Co. in the furnishing .to the park. for other purposes. of public accommodations and facilities, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is 'there The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there within the Olympic National Park in Jeffer­ 'objection to the present consideration of objection to the present consideration of son county, State of Washington; and to the bill? the bill? rehabilitate, complete, and operate the .facil­ There was no objection. Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, ities herein authorized to be acquired directly The Clerk read the bill, as follows: reserving the right to object, this bill au­ or by contract or contracts with an individ­ ual, company, firm, or corporation, as deter­ · Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of thorizes the acquisition of certain struc­ mined by the said Secretary: Provided, That the Interior is hereby authorized, in his dis­ tures now existing in the Olympic Na­ the purchase price shall not exceed the actual cretion, to accept in behalf of the United tional Park. I should like to inquire of physical value of the property acquired : States donations of lands, buildings, struc­ the gentleman from Washington, the au­ And provided further, That after purchase of tures, and either property, or interests thor of the bill, as to the nature of these such buildings and equipment, no exclusive therein, which he may determine to be of buildings and what use is being made of privileges shall be gran ted within the said historical interest in connection with the them, if they are being used by the Gov­ park or on or over the roads and trails Moores Creek National Military Park~ the therein, except upon ground. used for public title to such property or interests to be satis­ ernment for any purposes, or· what use buildings or camps, but the Secretary of the factory to the Secretary of the Interior: the Government proposes to make of Interior may, in his discretion, limit the Provided, That the area to be accepted pur­ them after the Government acquires character and number of nonexclusive privi­ suant to this act shall not exceed 100 acres: them? leges that he may grant within the said All such property and interests, upon acqui­ Mr. NORMAN. These buildings were park. sition by the Federal Government, shall be built by a private recreation company SEc. 2. That for the purposes aforesaid a part of the Moores Creek National Military under permit from the Forest Service, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated, Park and shall be subject to all laws and out of any moneys in the Treasury not other­ regulations applicable thereto. and they are not useful for that purpose wise· appropriated, such sums as may be 1\ec­ at the present time. This bill was drawn essary to carry out the provisions of this act: The bill was ordered to be engrossed by the Secretary of the Interior himself, Provided, That not to exceed $35,000 shall be' and read a third time, was read the third and it is perfectly satisfactory to them. made available for the purchase of the build­ time, and passed, and a motion to re­ The Army had been using those build­ ings and equipment of the Olympic Chalet consider was laid on the table. ings for plane observation purposes all Co. TO PROMOTE THE MINING OF COAL, through the war. The bill seems to be With the following committee amend­ PHOSPHATE, OIL, ETC., ON THE PUBLIC satisfactory to all concerned, and I know ment: DOMAIN of no reason why it should not be passed. Strike out all after the enacting clause and Mr. COLE of New York. I should ·like insert: The Clerk called the next bill, S. 1335, to inquire whether the Government "That the Secretary of the Interior is to amend the fourth and fifth provisos proposes to use these build,ings for any hereby authorized, in his discretion, to ac­ of section 2 of the act entitled "An act to particular purpose? quire by purchase at prices deemed by him promote the mining of coal, phosphate, Mr. NORMAN. I think they will be. reasonable, the buildings, structures. furni­ oil, oil shale, gas, and sodium on the used by the Park Service after they are ture, fixtures, and any other real or personal public domain,'' approved February 25, acquired. property of the Olympic Recreation Co. and U. the Olympic Chalet Co. within the Olympic 1920 (41 Stat. 437, 438; 30 S. C .., sees. Mr. COLE of New York. Can the National Park in the State of Washington. 201, 202). chairman "Of the committee enlighten us "SEc. 2. That for the purposes of this act There being .no objeciion, the Clerk as to why the Government should buy there is hereby authorized to be appropriated read the bill, as follows: these structures that exist in the park,. . not to exceed the sum of $35,000." XC--336 5328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 The committee amendment was agreed ENCAMPMENT OF THE GRAND ARMY OF Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. How to. THE REPUBLIC have those cases been taken care of up The bill was ordered to be engrossed The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. to now? and read a third time, was read the third 4.825, to authorize the attendance of the Mr. SPARI-aA:AN. · Those cases have time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ Marine Band at the national encamo­ b2en taken care of by the church organi­ sider was laid on the table. ment of the Grand Arny of the Republic zations and the groups that have been BOOKS FOR THE ADULT BLIND to be held in Des Moines, Iowa, Septem­ supporting the conscientious objectors. ber 10 to 14, inclusive, 1944. Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Are The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. · There being no objection, the Clerk most of those cases for one church or are 4729, to amend the act entitled "An act read the bill as follows: they divided up among dJierent to provide books for the adult blind." churches? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Be it enacted, etc., That the President is authorized to permit the band of the United Mr. SPARKMAN. No; they are scat­ objection to the present consideration of States Marine Corps to attend and give con­ tered among a great number of churches. the bill? certs at the national encampment of the · As a matter of fact I have an article here Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, Gran d Army of the R:public to be held at which I propose to ask permission to in­ reserving the right to objact, this bill Des Moines, Iowa, from September 10 to 14, sert in the RECORD which shows the vari­ apparently authorizes an enlarged appro­ inclusive, 1944. SEC. 2. For the purpose of defraying the ous churches and various organizations priation of funds to be used for the aid from which these conscientious objec­ of the blind persons in this country in expenses of such band in attending and giv­ connection with the Library of Congress ing concerts at such encampment, there is tors come. I also propose to place in authorized to be appropriated the sum of the RECORD or to ask permission to place by amending the existing law. The re­ $9,734.30, or so much thereof as may be nec­ in the RECORD a showing as to what type port coming from the committee does not sary, to carry out the provisions of this act: of projects these conscientious objectors comply with the Ramseyet rule. In spite Provided, That in addition to transportation are working on and how th~y are scat­ of that, the bill being so extremely meri­ and Pullman accommodations the leaders tered throughout these various services torious, I feel we should overlook that and members of the Marine Band be allowed that they are performing. defect. not to exceed $6 per day each for additional The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there living expenses while on duty, and that the Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. So the .payment of such expenses shall be in addi­ cost to any one . church would be very objection to the present consideration of tion to the pay and allowances to which the bill? small, then? It would not be large? they would be entitled while serving at their Mr. SPARKMAN. That might be true There was no objection. _ permanent station. Mr. BLAND. :r-..1r. Speaker, I ask as to the support of these 162 cases. The The bill was ordered to be engrossed estimate is it would take, I would say, unanimous consent that a similar Senate and read a third time, was read the third bill, S. 1.944, be substituted for the House between $120,000 and $150,000 a year to time, and passed, and a motion to re­ take care of these cases. But let us bill. consider was laid on the table. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there remember that these various organiza­ objection to the request of the gentleman CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS tions, in addition to taking care of these from Virginia? The· Clerk called the next bill, H. R. needy dependent cases, ft.re also taking There was no objection. 3199, authorizing the appropriation of care of the conscientious objectors th~m­ The Clerk read the Senate bill, as fol­ amounts received from the services of selves and are running the camps with­ lows: out cost to the Government. It is esti­ conscientious objectors for expenditure mated that had the Government been Be it enacted, etc., That section 1 of the act by the Selective Service System. entitled "An act to provide b:Joks for the adult The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there called upon to run the camps which the blind," approved March 3, 1931, as amended, objection to the present consideration of conscientious objectors themselves are is amended to read as follows: the bill? running, the cost would have been $4,- "That there is hereby authorized to be ap­ Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. 000,000. propriated annually to the Library of Con­ Speaker, reserving the right to object, I -Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Does gress, in addition to appropriations otherwise the gentleman see any good reason why made to said Library, the sum of $500,000, would like to aslt: the proponent of the bill some questions concerning this bill. we should give any consideration to con­ which sum shall be expended under the direc­ scientious objectors anyway? tion of the Librarian of Congress to provide Mr. COLE of New York. As author of books published either in raised characters, · the bill I should be glad to undertake to . Mr. SPARKMAN. This bill does not on sound-reproduction records, or in any answer any questions the gentleman purport to give consideration to con­ other form, for the use of the adult blind · might care to make, but he will notice scientious objectors, but to the wives residents of the United States, including the the bill I introduced was completely and children of conscientious objectors several Gtates, Territories, insular possessions, ·amendEd by his committee and so I sug­ who are left in a needy condition, many and the District of Columbia: Provided, That of whom may not even agree with the of said annu~l appropriation of $500,000, not gest that he inquire of a member of his exceeding $100,000 thereof shall be expended own committee. views of the conscientious objectors. for books in raised characters, and not ex­ Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. I will be I may say to the gentleman that I ceeding $400,000 -thereof shall be expended pleased to ask the questions of the gen­ certainly cannot share the belief. of any for sound-reproduction records and for the tleman from Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN], conscientious objector, but it has been maintenance and replacement of the Govern­ . a member of the committee: As I un­ the traditional and historic policy of our ment-owned reproducers for sound-reproduc­ derstand it, it has to do only with con­ country that in time of war the right of tiJ;:>n records for the blind. In the purchase conscience is acknowle'dged. When the of such books, the Librarian of Congress, scientious objectors? without reference to section 3709 of the Re­ Mr. SPARKMAN. That is correct. gentleman's own committee passed the vised Statutes (U. S. C., 1934 ed., title 41, Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. For the Selective Training and Service Act of sec. 5), shall give preference to non-profit­ relief of dependent families of these con­ 1940, a provision was written in it to take making institutions or agencies whose activi­ scientious objectors? care of these conscientious objectors. ties are primarily concerned with the blind, Mr. SPARKMAN. For the relief o! Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Under in all cases where the prices or bids sub­ needy dependents. this bill, the family and dependents of a mitted by such institutions or agencies are, by said Librarian, under all the circumstances Mr. . THOMAS of New Jersey. How conscientious objectoi· get the same aid and needs involved, determined to be fair and many conscientious objectors are there as the needy family of soldiers; is ·that reasonable." in the United States today? not correct? SEc. 2. This act shall be applicable with re­ Mr. SPARKMAN. On the first of May Mr. SPARKMAN. That is not true. spect to the fiscal year ending· June 30, 1945, of this year there were 6,985. Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Accord­ and for each fiscal year thereafter. Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. How ing to the bill it is. The Senate bill was ordered to be read many of these have needy dependents? Mr. SPARKMAN. No; the maximum a third time, was read the third time, _ Mr. SPARKMAN. Of course, that limitation is the amount the Govern­ and passed, and a motion to reconsider would be a matter of estimate at any ment would have contributed to the sol­ was laid on the table. time. It was estimated before our sub­ dier's dependent. A similar House bill, ·H. R. 4729, was committee that there were 162 cases of Mr. THOl\.fAS of New J 3rsey. So it laid on the table, dire need at that time. could be the same. 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5329 Mr. SPARKMAN. It could' be the investigation by the F. B. I. as provided they could not keep the money them­ same as that which the Government by law. selves, were anxious that it be used for donates? For 3 years these 'men have worked in relief purposes. It goes without saying, Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr.. . forestry and soU conservation camps, however~ that they would ·prefer their Speaker, I object. fighting forest fires and soil erosion, and money to be spent for their own needy Mr. SPARKMAN. Will the gentleman engaged in similar projects. Increasing wives and children. withhold his objection to permit me to numbers of them are volunteering to do So far, these requests for financial aid finish that statement? dirty jobs in State mental hospitals and for dependents have been shouldered by Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. other public institutions, some of which the religious groups most concerned­ , Speaker, I withhold my objection to per­ have been almost crippled by shortages the Mennonites, Church of the Brethren, . mit the gentleman to finish his state­ of orderlies and attendants . Society of Friends-Quakers-and the ment. I think you will find that in almost Fellowship of Reconciliation. These Mr. SPARKMAN. I should like to call every case these men have done a good, groups are already saddled with the the gentleman's attention to the fact honest, and conscientious job. Yet for maintenance of the majority of con­ that this does not appropriate any money 3 years they have been working with­ scientious objectors-expenses which out of the Treasury but that this is out any pay whatsoever, without accident run about a million and a half dollars a money that has been earned by the con­ compensation, without any of the minor year-and the additional $136,000 which benefits extended to servicemen. Con­ is needed to tide over only the worst of scientious objectors themselves. their dependency cases is a heavy load Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Never­ gress has never, in fact, appropriated money for the maintenance of the great for such religious bodies. So far these theless conscientious objectors should church groups have spent over $4,000,- not be given any consideration. That is majority of tpese men. Their food and clothing bills are assumed eithel'- by 000 to finance this program. the way I feel. Some of the worst dependency situa­ Mr. SPARKMAN. This money has themselves or by their sponsoring church groups. It might surprise Congress to tions are found in the camps financed been placed in a special deposit in the entirely by the Government, but even Treasury of the United States under an know that we give fewer benefits to the conscientious objectors than we do to here the church groups have assumed agreement that it is not to be spent for responsibility and are aiding needy war purposes. interned aliens, to 'Japanese-Americans and to prisoners of war. ' wives -and dependents because the Gov­ Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, will the ernment has made no provision for them. gentleman yield? The particular discrepancy at which Their only recourse is to look to Con­ Mr. SPARKMAN. I yield. this bill is directed, ·however, is the fact gress for help-help which this bill would Mr. BROOKS. I may say that I sat on that conscientious objectors do not re­ supply. We are simply proposing that the subcommittee when the bill was ceive any dependency benefits, despite the money which these men themselves drafted. It was rewritten and changed the fact that they have exactly the same earn be made available for their own from the way in which it was introduced percentage of wives and children as men pressing dependency needs. by the distinguished gentleman from sent to the military services-about 35 On May 1, 1944, there were 6,985 New York. This bill, ·in my judgment, percent. This means, in effect, that we conscientious objectors in civilian pub­ places the families Of conscientious ob­ are penalizing wives and children be­ lic service. Since the beginning of this jectors on the same basis· as the families cause we do not agree with their hus­ program in 1940 there have been 711 of servicemen. It gives the conscien­ bands and fathers. Let us apply the re­ transferred from such service to the tious objectors' families the same allow­ strictions directly to the men, if we will, az:med services. As of May 1, 1944, the ance the Government contributes to the but we should not extend the punishment following numbers were assigned to the family of a serviceman. While we want to their families. respective agencies: to take care of charity, as charity should Our committee's recommendation, we feel, is a happy solution. We propose to be cared for, I doubt if this Congress _____A_:_ency____ Men I wants to take care of the families of devote to the dependency needs of these Cam~ men the .money which they themselves conscientious objectors on the same basis Forest Service------1, 357 11 as families of soldiers. earn, but which they are not allowed to Soil Conservation______1, 209 12 keep. This proposal was suggested by Park Service______ii65 5 Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. Speaker, Ire­ Bureau of Reclamation______33G 4 gret that objection has been made. I be­ the National Service Board for Religious Farm Security Administrat.ico______270 2 lieve that one familiar with the facts Objectors, and has been approved . by General Land Offire______114 1 Selecqve Service, the War Department, would agree to the objective · sought by Total------3,8.511---;:5 this measure. and the Bureau of the Budget. This bill is an attempt to correct a sit­ About 700 conscientious objectors are On special projects are the following: uation among conscientious objectors assigned to farm work, and others have been called from the camps at various SPECIAL PROJECTS, MAY 1, 1944 who have been drafted. I realize these Mental hospitals, 37 units, 1,440 men. men constitute an unpopular minority, times to help ·in planting and harvesting emergencies. In each case, the farmer Training schools, 13 units, 242 men. but I sincerely hope we Will not allow the General hospitals, 2 units, 87 men. general disfavor with which this group is pays the individual objector the pre­ Guinea pig, 17 experiments, 124 men . regarded to blind us to inequities in our .vailing wage, but he is not allowed to Dairy farms, 12 States, 27 counties, 446 men. treatment of them. keep the money beyond his actual ex­ Agricultural experiment stations, 8 ·units, I do not propose here to debate the penses in doing the work. The remain­ 160 men. issue of the conscientious objector. der is sent to the Upited States Treasury Dairy testers, 160 men. for a special account; which, by the end Florida health service, 3 units, 95 men. - That was done at the time the Selective Puerto Rico, 4 units (including Virgin Service Act was passed, and Congress, in of April, amounted to $370,731.19. This bill provides that the disbursing of this Islands), 53 men. - its wisdom, accorded to sincere, religious Coast and Geodetic, 40 men. objectors a legal alternative to military fund be made on a strict basis of need, Parachute jumpers, 43 men. service by providing for them "work of rather than by the Army system of flat Bowie (cooperative administration), , 66 national importance under civilian di­ dependency grants, and that each re­ men. · rection.'' quest for aid be carefully investigated Mount Weather, 68 men. and supervised by Selective Service. Administrative detailed service, 67 men. During the 3 years since conscientious Individual detached service, 8 men. The bill tak~s the form of an amend­ objector camps were first set up to do Government camps, 265 men. "work of national importance'' under the ment to H. R . .3199, introduced last fall Total, not including Government camps, supervision of the Selective Service Sys- . by the gentleman from New York, Rep­ 3,134 men. tern, the total camp population has re­ resentative· CoLE, to apply these same mained small. To date, less than 7,000 conscientious objector earnings to the The break-down by denominations and men are in Civilian Public Service, the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabili­ religions is interesting. alternative service prog:t:am, and they tatio_n · Ad,ministration', now U. N. R. C. P. S.-BY RELIGION have all been judged both sincere and R. A. This was in response to the re­ Following are the nonhistoric pea~~ religious by their local draft boards, after quest of the men themselves who,· if ehurch denominations of the men in 5330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5

C. P. S. as of March 1, 1944. On.ly those . The bill W$1S orQ.ered to be read a third SEc. 2. Construction of the bridge author­ denominations having 10 or more men in time, was read the third time, and passed, ized by this act shall commence within 3 C. years after its approval by the President of P. S. are included in this list: and a motion to· reconsider was laid on the United States, and shall be completed 13 Assemblies of God______the table. within 5 years from the time of the said Associated Bible Students------15 BRIDGE ACROSS MISSOURI RIVER AT OR approval. Baptists, Northern------125 NEAR NEBRASKA CITY, NEBR. SEc. 3. The right to alter, amend, or repeal Baptists, Southern______22 this act is expressly reserved. Catholic______97 The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. Amend the title so as to read: "A bill to Christadelphian______76 · 4041, to amend the act relating ·to the authorize the construction and operation of Christian Scientist------10 construction and maintenance of a a free highway bridge acro~s the Mononga­ Church of Christ------~- 111 Church of God, Independent______· 17 bridge across the Missouri River at or hela River in the county of Allegheny, Pa." Church of God-seventh Day------10 near Nebraska City, Nebr . . '!vir. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, Church of God-Indiana------33 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to reserving the right to object, No. 399 on Congregational Christian ______157 the present consideration of the bill? Disciples of Christ ______:______50 the Consent Calendar is a bill having an There being no objection, the Clerk identical title and seems to be identical Dunkard Brethren------16 Episcopa.lian ______:..______56 read the bill, as follows: with this bill. Until we · can be advised Evangelical------36 Be it enacted, etc., That section 5 of the ·as to the distinction between the two, I · Evangelical Mission Covenant______11 act entitled "An act authorizing the Inter­ ask unanimous consent that the pending Evangelical and Reformed______71 state Bridge Co., its successors and assigns, bill may be passed .over without prejudice. First Century' GospeL______20 to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge ·· The SPEAKER. Without objection, it First Divine Association______11 across the Missouri River at or near Nebraska is so ordered. - Jehovah's Witnesses ______204 City, Nebr," approved April 23, 1928, is hereby There was no objection. Jewish------~ ------33 amended to read as follows: · Lutheran------~------75 "SEc. 5. If such bridge shall at any time .B:JUDGE ACROSS ... THE MONONGAHELA Methodist ______------605 · be taken over or acquired by the States or RIVER IN THE COUNTY OF ALLEGHENY, Nazarene ______:~-- 15 public agencies or political subdivisions PA. Nonaffiliated------394 thereof, or by either of them, as provided in Pentecostal______16 section 4 of this act, and if tolls are there­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. Presbyterian, U. S. A------·------151 after charged for the use thereof, the rates 4207, to authorize the construction and Reforn1ed------11 of toll shall be so adjusted as to provide operation of a bridge across the Monon­ Russian Molokan ______:______32 a fund sufficient to pay for the reasonable gahela River in the county of Allegheny, Unitarians""------30 cost of maintaining, repairing, and operating Pa. United Brethren ______------19 the bridge and its approaches under eco­ War Resisters League______64 nomical management, and to provide a sink­ . Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, ing fund sufficient to amortize the amount I ask unanimous consent that this bill On May 1, 1944, Selective Service fig­ paid therefor, including reasonable interest may be passed over without prejudice.· ures for members of the historic peace a.nd financing cost, as soon as possible under The SPEAKER. Without objection, it churches were: reasonable charges, but within a period of not is so ordered. to exceed 20 years from the date of acquiring Mennonite (including 59 Brethren in the same. After a sinking fund sufficient for · There was no objection. Christ)------2, 597 such amortization shall have been so pro­ SUSPENSION OF CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS Brethren------·------933 Society of Friends ______:___ 594 vided the bridge shall thereafter be main­ RELATING TO'WORK ON TUNNEL SITES tained and operated free of tolls. An ac­ Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. The gen­ curate record of the amount paid for acquir­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. tleman has finished his statement; I ing the bridge-and its approaches, the actual 3579, providing for the suspension of cer­ object. expenditures for maintaining, repairing, and tain requirements relating to work on operating the same, and of the daily tolls col­ tunnel sites. Mr. BROOKS. I, too, object, Mr. lected, shall be kept and shall be available Speaker. for the information of all persons interested." Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, reserving th~ right to object, and I do so Mr·. SP~KMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask SEC. 2. The right to alter, amend, or repeal • only to call .to the attention of the gentle­ . unanimous consent to revise and extend this act is. hereby· expre&Sly reserv~d . my remarks and to include therein cer­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed man from Arizona that this bill provides tain articles. and read a third time, was read the third for the termination of this authority time, and passed, and a motion to re­ ''upon the cessation of hostilities in the The SPEAKER. · Without objection, it present war." I call the gentleman's at­ is so ordered. consider was laid on the table. tention to .the fact that we are engaged There was no objection. BRIDbE ACROSS THE MONONGAHELA in more than one war, thinking that per.:. BRIDGE ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER RIVER IN THE COUNTY OF ALLEGHENY, haps- he would like to have the language AT MILL STREET IN BRAINERD, MINN. PA. changed to the plural, "cessation of hos­ The Clerk called the next bill, S. 1660, The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. tilities in the present wars." granting the consent of Congress to the 4206, authorizing construc.tion and oper­ Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, will the Minnesota Department of Highways and ation of a free highway bridge across the gentleman yield? the ·county of Crow Wing in Minnesota to Monongahela River, in the county of Mr. COLE of New York. I yield. construct, maintain, and operate a free Allegheny, Pa. Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, the at­ highway bridge across the Mississippi Be it enacted, etc., That in order to facili­ tempt was made to have the language River at Mill Street at Brainerd, Minn. .tate interstate commerce, improve the Postal here conform to that which is customary There being no objection, the Clerk Service, and provide for military and other in such bills-that is, "at the termination read the bill, as follows: purposes, the county of Allegheny, Pa., of the war or 6 months thereafter by its successors and assigns, is hereby au­ proclamation of the President or concur­ Be it enacted, etc., That the consent of Con­ thorized to construct, maintain, and oper­ rent resolution of Congress." I believe gress is hereby granted to the Minnesota ate a bridge and approaches thereto at any De_I:artment of Highways and county of Crow or all of the following points within the such is the language we have used. Wing in Minnesota to construct, maintain, county of Allegheny, Pa.: Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, and operate a free highway pridge and ap­ (a) Across the Monongahela River, at a · can the gentleman advise as to the ter­ proaches thereto across the Mississippi River, point suitable. to the interests of navigation, mination of which war it will operate? at a point suitable to the interests of navi­ from the borough of Dravosburg, Pa., to a l\1r. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, in that gation, at or near Mill Street in the city of terminus at or near the dividing line between respect I will offer an amendment to take Brainerd, Minn., in accordance with the pro­ the city of McKeesport and the borough of care of that if the bill is considered. \'isions of the Act entitled "An Act to regu­ Glassport, Pa., to replace the existing Dravos­ late the construction of bridges over navi­ burg Bridge, from Dravosburg to McKeesport, Mr. KEAN. Mr. Speaker, I call atten­ gable waters", approved March 23, 1906, and Pa., all 1n accordance with the provisions of tion also to the fact that No. 341 on the subject to the conditions and limitations the act entitled ''An act to regulate the con­ calendar seems to be identical with No. contained in this Act. s:•uction ot bridges over navigable waters," 340, and I ask the gentleman from Ari­ SEc. 2. ·The right to alter, amend, or re­ approved March 23, 1906, subject to the con­ zona which one he wishes to have passed peal this Act is hereb~ expressly _reserv~d. ditions and limitations contained in this act. in the event th~re is no objection? I 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE 5331 take it the one that bears his name, as act and ending 6 nioriths after the cessation AMENDING SECT!eN 33 . OF THE ACT OF author. . ·of hostilities in the present war as deter­ SEPTEMBER 7, 1916, AS AMENDED (39 mined by proclamation of the President or STAT. 742) Mr. MURDOCK. I wish to have the concurrent resolution of the Congress, no House bill passed· and, if it is passed, I location on the line of a tunnel run for the Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask then will ask unanimous consent to sub­ development of a vein or lode or for the dis­ unanimous consent to return to Calen­ stitute the Senate bill for the House bill. covery . of mines, or veins, or lodes not ap­ dar No. 313, and for the consideration of The SPEAKER: Is there objection to pearing on the surface, made by parties other H. R. 4159 to amend section 33 of the act the present consideration of the bill? than the owners of such tunnel, shall be of September 7, 1916, as amended (39 There being no objection, the Clerk considered valid because of the failure of Stat. 742), a bill that was passed over read the b~ll, as follows: such owners to· prosecute work thereon .with reasonable diligence as required by section without prejudice. . Be it enacted, etc., That during the period 2323 of the Revised Statutes of the United The SPEAKER. Is there objection to beginning on the· date of enactment of this States; and no right to undiscovered veins on the request of the gentleman from Penn­ Act and ending 6 months after the cessation the line of any such tunnel shall be. consid­ sylvania? of hostilities in the present war as proclaimed ered to have been abandoned because of any There being no objection, the Clerk by the President, no location on the line of failure to prosecute work thereon during such read the bill, as follows: a tunnel run for the development of a vein period: Provided, That every claimant of any or lode or for the discovery of mines, of veins such tunnel site, in order to obtain the bene­ Be it enacted, etc., That section 33 of the or lodes not appearing on the surface, m:itle fits of this act, shall file or cause to be filed act of September 7, 1916, as amended and by parties other than the owners of such extended (39 Stat. 742, and the following), in the office where the location notice or cer­ is hereby amended by adding ther'eto the tunnel, shall be considered valid because of tificate is recorded, within 6 months from the the failure of such owners to prosecute worlt following new paragraph: date of this act, a notice of his desire to "The provisions of 'section 41 of the act thereon with reasonable diligence as required ~old the tunnel site claim under this act. by section 2323 of the Revised Statutes of of March 4, 1927 (ch. 509, 44 Stat. 1424), as the United States; and no right to undis­ Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, I offer amended, shall, insofar as not .inapplicable, covered veins on the line of any such tun­ an amendment. apply in the same manner and to the same nel shall be considered to have been aban­ The Clerk read as follows: extent as though such provisions were in­ doned because of any failure to prosecute corporated in this act." · work thereon during such period. Amendment offered by Mr. 1-..fuRDocK: Page 1, line 5, change the word "war" to the word The bill was ordered to be engrossed With the following committee amend­ "wars." and read a third time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ ments: . The amendment was agreed to. Strike out the words "proclaimed by the sider was laid on the table. The bill was ordered to be read a third 1 President" in line 5, page 1, and insert "de­ HOURS OF DUTY OF POSTAL EMPLOYEES termined by proclamation of the President time, was read the third time, and passed. or concurrent resolution·of the Congress." A motion to reconsider and a similar Mr. BURCH of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, Strike the period at the end of line 15, Ho~se bill, H. R: 3579, were laid· on the I call up the con-ference report of the page -1, insert a colon, and insert the follow­ table. bill (H. R. 2928) to amend the act en­ ing thereafter: "Proviaed, That every claim­ ANDERSON RANCH RESERVOIR SITE, titled "An act to fix the hours of duty ant of any such tunr;tel site, in order to ob- . BOISE RECLAMATION PROJECT, IDAHO of· postal employees, and for other pur­ tain the benefits of this act, shall file or poses," and I ask unanimous consent that cause to be filed in the office where the lo­ The Clerk called the next bill, H. R. the statement of the managers on the cation notice or certificate is recorde.d, within 3527, authorizing the Secretary of the In- -part of the House be read in lieu of the 6 months from the date_of this act, a notice terior to purchase improvements or pay full report. ' t>f his desire ·to hold the tunnel site claim damages for removal of improvements under this act." The Clerk read the title of the bill. located on public lands of the United The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The committee amendments were States in the Anderson Ranch Reservoir the request of the gentleman from Vir­ agreed to. site, Boise reclamation project, Idaho. -ginia [Mr. BURCH]? Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker;~ offer There being no objection, the Clerk Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, reserving an amendment. read the bill, as follows: the right to object, may I say this report The Clerk read as follows -: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of 'is brought in with the unanimous vote Amendment offered by Mr. MuRDocK: Page the Interior is authorized to purchase im­ of the Committee on Post Offices and 1, line 5, change the word "war" to the word provements located on public lands of the Post Roads and it has the unanimous "wars." United States within the boundaries of the Anderson Ranch Reservoir, Boise reclamation approval of the House members of the The amendment was agreed to: project, Idaho, or to make payment for dam­ conference committee. There is abso­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed ages for the removal of improvements from lutely no objection to it. and read a third time, was read the third -tlie· public lands of.the United States within The SPEAKER. Is there objection to time, and passed, and a motion· to re­ the boundaries of said reservoir. Any funds the request of the gentleman from Vir­ consider was laid on the table. appropriated for the construction of the ginia [Mr. BURCH]? ·Anderson Ranch Reservoir, Boise reclamation There was no objection. Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, I ask project, Idaho, shall be available ·for such unanimous consent to _substitute for the purchase or payment of damages. Payments The Clerk read the statement of the House bill, H. R. 3579, the bill of the may be made pursuant to this act to persons, managers on the part of the House. Senate, s. 1479, and to vacate the pro­ firms, or corporations who shall establish to The conference report and :;;tatement ceedings by which the House bill was the satisfaction of the Secretary of the In­ are as follows: terior that they are entiled equitably to re­ passed. ceive the same, and who sign contracts and CONFERENCE REPORT Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, vouchers for the same upon forms approved The committee of conference on the dis­ reserving the right to object, I assume by the Secretary of the Interior: Provided, agreeing votes of the two Houses on the that the Senate bill is identical with the That amounts so paid shall not exceed the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. House bill as amended except for the reasonable value, in the judgment of the Sec­ 2928) to amend the act entitled "An act to amendment offered by the gentleman retary of the Interior, of the improvements fix the hours of duty of postal employees, from Arizona just now. purchased or the actual damages (not ex­ and for other purposes," approved August 14, ceeding in any event the reasonable value of 1935, as amended, having met, aft er full and Mr. MURDOCK. I understand the the said improvements, as determined by the free conference, have agreed to recommend Senate bill is the same as the House bill Secretary of the Interior) found by the Sec­ and do recommend to their respective Houses as amended with the exception of my retary of the Interior to have been s~stained as follows: _ amendment changing the wo:rd "war" to as a result of the removal of said improve­ . That the Senate recede from its amend­ "wars." ments, as the cas~ may be. ments numbered 1, 2, and 4. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The bill was ordered to be engrossed That the House recede from its disagree­ ·the request of the gentleman from Ari­ ment to the amendment of the Senate num­ and read a third time, was read the third bered 3; and agree to the same. zona? time, and passed, and a motion to recon­ Amendment numbered 5: That the House There being no objection, the Clerk sider was laid on the table. recede from its disagreement to the amend­ read the Senate bill, as follows: Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, that ment of the Senate numbered 5, and agree Be it enacted, etc. ~ That duri_ng the period completes ·the call of the Consent to the same with an amendment as follow:>: beginning on the date of enactment of this Calendar. At the end of said amendm'ent, insert a 5332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 "colon" and the following: "Provided, That $4,000, 15 per centum of their peacetime sal­ extend the present Sugar Act for a period postmasters of the first, second, and third aries; those whose salaries are $2,000, or un­ of 2 years. classes, and ~ost-office inspectors, shall be on der, 20 per centum of their peacetime salaries: Mr. Speaker, I now yield 5 minutes to duty not less than 48 hours per week, and Provided further, That no postmaster whose the gentleman from Florida [Mr. CAN­ shall be paid for the additional 8 hours, as peacetime compensation is $8,000, or over, additional pay for working such additional shall receive any additional compensation for NONJ. time, as follows: such overtime work.' " Mr. CANNON of Florida. Mr. Speaker, "Those whose salaries are over $5,000 and The Senate agreed to the above amend­ I regret that the gentleman from Vir­ not over $7,999, 5 percent of their regular ment. ginia stated that this resolution con­ peacetime salaries; those whose salaries are T. G. BURCH, tinuing the 1937 Sugar Act was passed over $4,000 and not over $5,000; 10 percent ToM MURRAY, unanimously by the House Committee of their regular peacetime salaries; those GEORGE D. O 'BRIEN, on Agriculture. whose salaries are over $2,000 and not over FRED A. HARTLEY, Jr., Mr. FLANNAGAN. Will the gentle­ $4,000, 15 percent of their peacetime sal­ N. M. MASON, aries; those whose salaries are $2,000 or under, Managers on the part of the House. man yield? 20 percent of their peacetime salaries: Pro­ Mr. CANNON of Florida. I yield to vided further, That no postmaster whose The SPEAKER. The question is on the gentleman from Virginia. peacetime compensation is $8,000 or over Mr. FLANNAGAN. I stated it was shall receive any additional compensation for agreeing to the conference report. The conference report was agreed to. u~animously reported by the House Com­ such overtime work." mittee on Agriculture. And the Senate agree to the same. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Mr. CANNON of Florida. Yes. T. G. BURCH, Mr. FLANNAGAN. I want to correct ToM MURRAY, EXTENSION OF REMARKS that statement because the gentleman GEORGE D. O 'BRIEN, !\ . FRED A. HARTLEY, Jr., Mr. POWERS. Mr. Speaker, I ask from Florida was not present at the N. M. MASON, unanimous consent to extend my own meeting which reported the bill. The Managers on the part of the House. remarks in the REcORD and to include gentleman from Florida, who is an able KENNETH McKELLAR, therein a statement by Dr. Jacob Hoch­ member of the committee and diligent JOSIAH W. BAILEY, man, rabbi of the Jersey Homestead in looking after the interests of his con­ Managers on the part of t he Senate. Jewish Community. stituents, was down in Florida at the time The SPEAKER. Is there objection to looking after his campaign. I am glad STATEMENT the request of the gentleman from New he was renominated. The managers on the part of the House at Jersey [Mr. POWERS]? Mr. CANNON of Florida. Mr. Speaker, tue conference on the disagreeing votes of There was no objection. since the matter has been brought up, the two Houses on the amendments of the may I say that the House Committee on Senate to the bill (H. R. 2928) to amend the EXTENSION OF SUGAR ACT act entitled "An act to fi:x; the hours of duty Agriculture, of which I am a member, of postal employees, and for other purposes," Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I considered this bill during my absence approved August 14, 1935, as amended, sub­ move to suspend the rules and pass the at home on a rather important mission mit the following statement in explanation bill (H. R. 4833) to extend, for 2 addi­ which involved whether or not I would o~ the effect of the action agreed upon and tional years, the provisions of the Sugar be allowed to come back here to repre­ recommended in the accompanying confer­ Act of 1937, as amended, and the taxes sent the Fourth Congressional District of ence report as to each of such amendments, with respect to sugar. Florida. However, be that as it may, I namely: The Clerk read as follows: call the attention of the House to the Amendment No. 1: This amendment strikes out postmasters of the first, second, and third Be it enacted, etc. That section 513 of the fact that this motion to sw:~pend the rules classes. The agreement reached in conference Sugar Act of 1937, as amended (relating to and pass the bill has been made for the reinstates postmasters of these classes. termine. tion of powers of the Secretary of express purpose of passing a continuing Amendment No.2: This amendment strikes Agriculture under the Sugar Act), is amended resolution covering the 1937 Sugar Act. out post-office inspectors. The agreement to read as follows: Mr. Speaker, at a time like this I feel reached in conference reinstates them. ."SEc. 513 . The powers vested in the Szc­ very keenly that the House would prob­ Amendment No. 3: This amendment strikes retary under this Act shall terminate on 'December 31, 1946, except that the Secretary ably be in error to continue in effect an out "Cost ascertainment employees (until act of this kind, particularly when we are such time as they shall be transferred to the shall have power to make payments under departmental roll)." The House agreed to title III under programs applicable to the faced with the dire problem throughout this amendment, since the cost ascertain­ crop year 1946 and previous crop years." the country of producing foodstuffs un­ ment employees have already been trans­ SEC. 2. Section 3508 of the Internal Reve­ restlictediy. It is true that the quotas ferred to the departmental rolls. nue Code (relating to termination of t axes under this act have been suspended, but Amendment No. 4: This amendment pro­ with respect to sugar) is amended to read it is also just as true that the adminis­ vides that "such overtime, however, to be as follows: trators of the act may reinstate those payable only upon so much of the earned "SEC. 3508. Termination of taxes. quotas at any time, using this period as basic compensation as does not exceed $2,900 ''No tax shall be imposed under this chap­ a historical base on which to establish per annum." The conference report strikes ter on the manufacture, use, or importation such a quota. This being true, it would out this provision. of sugar after June 30, 1947." Amendment No. 5: This amendment pro­ SEC. 3 Section 503 of the Sugar Act of 1937, be eminently unfair, in my opinion, at vided that "in computing the overtime com­ as amended (relating to payments to the this time when the production of food­ pensation the base pay for one day. shall be Commonwealth-of the Philippine Islands), is stuffs is so important to the prosecution considered to be one three hundred and sixth amended by striking out "June 30, 1945" and of our war effort to enact a resolution cf the respective per annum salaries and the inserting in lieu thereof "Jupe 30, 1947.'' of this kind because of the fact that we base pay for one hour shall be considered to . are producing less, notwithstanding that be one eighth of the base pay so computed The SPEAKER. Is a second de­ quotas have been taken off or liberalized, for one day." manded? because of lack of labor and also because The House receded from its disagreement Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I demand a the processing machinery for the refine­ to this amendment and agreed to same with second. an amendment as follows: ment of this sugar is running at peak Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask capacity; therefore, if we were permitted "At the end of said amendment insert a unanimous consent that a second may 'colon' and the following: 'Provided, That to enjoy a greater quota it would be re­ postmasters of the first, second, and third be considered as ordered. stricted just the same because the ma­ classes, and post-office insJ'ectors, shall be on . The SPEAKER. Is there objection to chinery is not to be had. dut y not less than forty-eight hours per week, the request of the gentleman from Vir~ It is barely possible that at some future and shall be paid for the additional eight ginia [Mr. FLANNAGAN]? time this may prove most prejudicial to hours, as additional pay for working such There was no objection. the sugar production of this country be­ additional time, as follows: Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, this cause the administration may see fit to " 'Those whose salaries are over $5,000 and not over $7,999, 5 per centum of their regular bill Hawaii and Puerto Rico in par­ Due largely to our inability to furnish Mr. CANNON of Florida. The admin­ ticular should be concerned about this fertilizer and equipment, I_Juerto Rican istrators of the act may reinstate the ·entire movement. production has dropped off nearly 300,- quotas at any time. If thiJ act is not Mr. O'HARA. Will the gentleman 000 tons and will probably fall another passed, obviously they could not do that. yield? 100,000 tons in 1945. Cuba is stepping Mr. ROWE. If the quotas were raised Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen­ up production very materially from to an unrestricted status, and this act tleman from Minnesota. about 3,000,000 tons, prior to the war, were not passed, there will be no differ­ Mr. O'HARA. Is it true that the do~ up to this year of about 6,000,000 tons. ence so far as buying sugar from Cuba or· mestic beet-sugar producers are favor­ Cuba comes in and fills that void created any place else is concerned~ .able to continuation of this law? by the slumping off of Philippine pro­ Mr. CANNON of Florida. That is true, Mr. CRAWFORD. 'l;'hat is correct. duction; the drop in production of beet except they may reinstate the quota at Mr. DONDERO. Will the gentleman sugar in the United States and the drop­ any time if this act is passed. yield for a question? ping o:tr of cane sugar in Puerto Rico. Mr. ROWE. May I go further and Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen­ There is a lot of shipping trouble in­ ·state that the House could also pass a tleman from Michigan. volved in all this. We know we have resolution at any future time if it is Mr. DONDE:a,O. The Sugar Control plenty of offshore sugar in the various needed? Act was passed in 1937 when we were areas at the present time, but until this Mr. CANNON of Florida. If there not at war. That established the quota European job is settled we do not dare were enough votes, yes. system. Am I right about that? remove restrictions on the use of sugar, The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- Mr. CRAWFORD. That is correct. commercial · and home use, unless we tleman has expired. · Mr. DONDERO. Can the gentleman have shipping facilities or know that the Mr. HOPE. !.Ir. ·speaker, I yield 5 justify before the House and the country sugar is located in the continental minutes to the gentleman from Michigan the necessity for a quota on sugar, a [Mr. CRAWFORD]. - product that we do not produce in suffi­ United States. We may have to con­ tinue this rationing of sugar until the Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, inso­ cient quantity to supply our own needs? far as I know, all the sugar-beet growers Mr. · CRAWFORD. No quota restric­ shipping situation is considerably im­ and sugar-beet processors of the country tion is applied at the present time on proved. are in favor of the pending· bill. I have continental production of either beet or Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. great concern for our friends in LoUi­ ·cane sugar~ During the war quotas have Speaker, will the gentleman yield? siana and Florida where they have a ·been removed. There is no restriction. Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the g~n­ territory in which they can expand, As the ientleman from Florida has tleman from Minnesota. 5334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Is it It is important that we do not put to growers who are free to produce without ourselves in a position so that we will restrict ions for a market in which the de­ not a further fact that due to the incon­ mand is certain to be substantially in excesS sistent policies of the 0. P. A. with ref­ become entirely dependent upon offshore of the supply for some · time to come, and erence to the price on sugar, our domes­ sugar production for our supplies. If would have stricken the item from the bill tic production of beet sugar has dropped that should occur, we would then be left except for the recent action of Congress from 1,200,000 acres to 600,000 acres last at the mercy of those who own those extending the act. The committee believes year? sugar resources in other countries who the legislation should be suspended under Mr. CRAWFORD. That is the last fig­ can charge us any price, as long as we P!esent conditions. Under these conditions ure I spoke of a while' ago, the 700,000 do not produce any in this country. price-fixing. legislation recently enacted may tons drop in annual beet sugar. I therefore say to you that we should be so admmistered as to assure fair prices for sugar prod~cers. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. / ... few pass this bill and continue the act for years Ego when Mr. Tugwell was sent another 2 years so that we can encourage . If you want to get rid of this $52,000,-- down to Puerto Ri-co we heard some domestic producers to produce a maxi­ 000 a year, and next year probably rumors to the effect that he was going mum amount o{sugar. . $62,000,000 and so on,- the thing to do is down there to organize a cartel of all·the Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker will to kill this bill today. We should not offshore sugar down there in Latin and the gentleman yield? . ,..... ' have quotas where there is a shortage South America. Does the gentleman · Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I yield of sugar, and where the only quota is on l::now w~ether or not Mr. Tugwell .has to the gentleman from Michigan. ~he tables of the families of this Nation. succeeded in the formation of that sugar · Mr. MICHENER. All the beet-;mgar Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN: Mr. cartel? producers in the country are for this bill Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CRAWFORD. When you consider are they not? ' Mr. HENDRICKS. I yield to the gen­ the new concept for the Caribbean Sea Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. All the tleman from Minnesota. empire which is taking' form very rap- · beet-sugar producers are for it and if Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. The idly, especially as relates to sugar and the ~ill is not passed there will be' no pro­ 0. P. A. could fix this down here, if they molasses, through these various agree­ ductiOn of beet sugar, or very little of it would, so that we would not need this ments, and the Joint Anglo-American in the next year. ' legislation, but the trouble is that the Commission, you wlll find out just how Mr. MASON. May I ask the gentle­ 0. P. A. will not permit a price for sugar fast progress has been made on that. man why the beet-sugar producers of-the to the producers so that they can fur­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Then Nation are all for this bill? Is it not on nish it to the people of this country. Tugwell is making progress in organizing account of the subsidy? Mr. HENDRICKS. The 0. P. A. will his cartel. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Not on n?t. do anything· as long as we are pro­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I would say so. account of the subsidy. Let me say to my VIdu~g $5·2,000,000 to cut dowr. the pro­ Mr. :r..-1:ASON. Mr. Spealter, will the colleague from Illinois that the beet­ ductiOn of sugar, is what I am saying. gentleman yield? · sugar producers of this country have Mr. HILL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ Mr: CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen­ been discouraged from producing sugar tleman yield? tleman from Illinois. largely due to the price structure placed Mr. HENDRICKS. I yield to the gen­ Mr. MASON. I think the gentleman on sugar by the 0. P. A. tleman from Colorado. Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker I has confused the House with his learned ~r. HI~L. Let me ask the gentleman discussion of this subject. yield 3 minutes to the gentleman f~om this questwn. Is the gentleman in favor Florida [Mr. HENDRICKS]. Mr. CRA~FORD. I am sorry if I did. of raising the price of sugar to the con­ Mr. MASON. The gentleman has Mr. HENDRICKS. Mr. Speaker I sumer? some of us thinking that this bill before would like to point out something to the Mr. HENDRICKS. No; I am not. us is a bill to ration the consumer of House that has not been noticed and Mr. HILL. How can you grow beets sugar. ·that has not been called to your atten- then, if you cannot get the cost of pro~ Mr. CRA'\VFORD. In no way whatso­ tion yet. · duction, without a plan whereby the pro­ I am opposed to this bill for the reason ever. directly. duc~r and the processor both assist in Mr. MASON. Whereas it is a bill to that I have always been opposed to it pa.ymg the money that they are to re­ establish ·quotas on the producer, and and that is .because the State of Florid~ ceive for the growing of sugar beets? that should not be done at this time or has never received fair treatment and Mr. HENDRICKS. I just happen to any other time as long as we only produce will not receive fair treatment under the know that that question comes up so historic basic system. In 1942, when we one-third of our needs. often abo~t the cost of production and Mr. CRAWFORD. The rationing idea v:ere ~assing the agricultural appropria­ they contmue to produce in spite of the was brought into the discussion by one ~Ion bill,. there was an item of $47,962,910 fact that they say they are not getting of the other Members and in no way does m th~ ~Ill to administer the Sugar Act. cost of production. As far as Florida is this bill directly affect rationing. This This Is the most paradoxical bill that concerned, we can produce sugar down bill has to do with the future quotas of I have ever seen. In the first place, it there at ten times the amount we are sugar production in all the areas in the was enacted to cut down the production allowed to produce under the quota and United State:; and in line with the 1937 of sugar and increase the price and now we can do it without any subsidy ~hat­ Sugar Act. we. are using the same bill, I' presume, ever. I say we will never get a square to .mcrease production and decrease the The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ d~al a_s long as our system is based on a tleman from Michigan has again ex­ price. I cannot see it. The last men­ histone basis. tion that was made about the item in !VIr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 pired. the appropriation bill was made in 1942 Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speal{er, I yield 2 mmutes to the gentleman from Florida If YOl;l ~ill look at the agricultural ap~ [Mr. PETERSON]. minutes to the gentleman from Minne­ propnatwn act for this year you will find sota [Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN]. Mr. PETERSON of Florida. Mr. ther~ ~s an .item of over $52,000,000 for ~peaker, I want to express my apprecia­ Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. admmistratwn of this act. Here is the t~on te the committee for giving us the Speaker, to begin with I did not favor last reference that I have seen to that this type of sugar legislation but I was time and opportunity to discuss this ~ppropriation which was made~ as I said, matter. At the outset I want to say that forced t0 accept it for the reason that m 1942,-and you can see how enthusiastic the Administration under the reciprocal we do not object to the payment of bene­ trade policies cut the duty on sugar in ~he Appropriations Committee was about fit payments to the beet growers. We two, and in order to continue some pro­ 1t. The committee made this report: are somewhat familiar with their prob­ duction in the United States of sugar The committee has approved the Budget lems. But we do feel that the act should estimate of $47,962,910 for the administration beets and cane sugar, we had to accept of the Sugar Act of 1937. The hearings dis­ ~ot be extended 2 years under a suspen­ this policy. Therefore I am urging you closed there is in prospect a very pronounced sion of the rules, because the act should tod~~ to c~ntinue the law so that we can shortage of sugar and that acreage and quota be amended. contmue giving some support to the do­ re~trictions have been removed. The com­ I. am not goiitg into all of the ramifi­ ~es_t~c producers of beet and cane sugar n.nttee can see no sound reason for the con­ catiOns,. but I want to say to you that we 111 tms country. tmuance of this program of benefit payments can raise sugar as cheaply if not more 194·1 CON.GRESSIONA:L RECORD-HOUSE 5335 eheaply than any area in the world. We not be ben-efit payments of $1,250,000. some protection for the domestic in­ pay th"C highest agricultural wage scale You might want to increase it to the dustry. that is paid anywhere in the world. family:size farm. But enormous benefit Mr. Speaker, I am for this bill. It is Under that condition it may be that we payments were made. Our own sugar the solution, the salvation of the sugar are not entitled to benefit payments, and­ company got enormous benefit payments. industry of this country. by reason of that we would like to be In· testifying before the committee the · Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, I yield my­ able to amend the bill so as to provide president of th!:!,t company said that he self the remainder of the time on this that those growers who are so situated objected to anything that allowed the . side. that they can raise sugar without the raiding of the Treasury, ·even though bS' Mr. Speaker, my only purpose in spt~ak­ need of subsidies or benefit payments reason of legislation he was a member ing at this time is to go into one or two may be allowed to raise without limita­ of the lodge that did -the raiding. matters which have b~en brought up in tion as to quota. In other words, if there Quite a few amendments should be the course of the debate. I think it should is a producer who can by reason of his made. I ask that you vote down the be said right in the very beginning that, soil condition raise more sugar, we should· motion to suspend the rules today so as far as·quotas are concerned, they have not tie him down with a quota if he that amendments can be offered to this been imposed primarily for the benefit of does not ask for benefit payments. bill. This extension is for 2 years. You American producers. You can protect I realize there are many areas in which do· not.know what will happen in 2 years. American producers in two ways. One they need benefit payments. I am a I hope you will vote down the motion would be by means of a tariff and the great believer in the American market to suspend ·the rules. other by means of quotas. Irrespective · for the American farmer; and I would Mr. FL...c\NNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I of the differences of opinion which may not do anything to hurt the beet grower yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from exist among Members of Congress as to or any other new area, but I do feel that Idaho [Mr. WIDTEJ. which is the best way, the way that we where by reason of soil · conditions we ¥r. 'WHITE. Mr. Speaker, as a Rep~ have been doing it has been by quotas. can cut seven cuttings otr of one plant­ resentative from a great sq.gar-produc­ For the past 2 years quotas have been ing-we can cut stubble for 7 years and ing State I have attended many confer­ suspended. They will, of course, continue produce sugar on it-we should not be ences of the Members of the House and in suspension as long as we are not pro­ tied down as to the amount we can the Senate in an effort to work out some ducing enough sugar and not importing produce. practical plan for the production and enough sugar for our own consumption. I foresee this situation. I am not a the marketing of sugar in this country. It is very likely that there will be no prophet, but if you wilf turn bac}( to the As a result of those deliberations we find quotas during the time for which this record you will find that several years that the only solution which can be bill is extended. The authority should ago we put in the record the flags up.der worked out is the quota plan. be there, however, to invoke them if which rnany ships were hauling sugar. I will s~y to my good Republican needed. The fact is that there is no We predicted the time would come when friends on this side that there is no domestic sugar-producing area at this they no longer could be hauling sugar tariff p-olicy that can reach the sugar time which is producing anythin~ like from ten offshore areas. We predicted situation and protect the domestic pro­ its quota. That is for various reasons, a time when there might be rationing ducer. If you took off the quota and but principally because of the lacl{ of because of the fact we had not developed raised the tariff sky high you would not machinery and because,. there are com­ tL the fullest extent the sugar-producing protect the situation at all, because you petitive crops which pay better than areas of this country. It is true today cannot enact tariffs against the u:tishore sugar does under existing conditions. that there is a limitation by reason of possessions of the United States. The We are not only encouraging the pro­ priorities on processing equipment and minute you take off the quotas they will ducing of sugar in this country by the . by reason of lack of labor, but if you smother the market for sugar 'from Loui­ payments that are made unrier the pass this bill without giving us an oppor­ siana and from the beet-producing Sugar Act but the War Food Adminis­ tunity to amend it, they will take the States of this country with a great pro­ tration is offering at this time r.ddi­ depleted areas today and make them the duction and importation of sugar. tional payments in the way of support basis of historical .record. Just remember that in every sack of prices amounting to $3 per ton, so that Mr. ROBINSON of Utah. Mr. Speak­ sugar there are 10 hours of labor, at 50 every possible _encouragement is b2ing er, will the gentleman yield? cents an hour, $5 for refined sugar. And offered to the domestic industry to pro­ Mr. PETERSON of Florida. I Yield to when you buy the raw sugar from off­ duce · all of the sugar that can be pro­ the gentleman-from Utah. shore possessions we get o.nly a fraction duced at this time. · Mr. ROBINSON of Utah. Is there any of the money that we spend for a bag I do not know of anyone engaged either reason, if this bill should pass, why the of sugar. But when you give the sugar in the production, the processing, or the gentleman or anyone else could not producers of this country a quota basis distribution of sugar excepting those in introduce a bill to accomplish the very and protect the production of sugar beets the Florida area wl1o is not in favor of purposes he wants to accomplish? and Louisiana cane. sugar, by doing; that this legislation. All others who are en­ Mr. PETERSON of Florida. We have you giv.e everyone of those $5 to domestic gaged in the industry feel that it is very tried repeatedly, and each time what producers and to people in this country. mportant that that industry be stabilized happens? The sugar bill drags along, Do not forget that. by the passage of this legislation, be­ and then they say, "We have to have a We find another complication in this cause if the war should end suddenly or continuing resolution." sugar situation. In endeavoring to work conditions should change in producing Mr. ROBINSON of Utah. The reason out some practical plan among our own areas outside of the United States it is that you cannot -get the votes in the Members we found that these Repre­ might be very necessary to invoke .the House to do it, but you can introduce a sentatives from the great industrial protection of the provisions of the law bill today, if you want 'to, bring it before for our domestic producers. the proper committee, and have it passed, States up along the Atlantic seaboard Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I to accomplish just what you want to where these sugar refineries are scat­ yield to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. accomplish. Therefore, the passing of tered, all the way from Massachusetts KLEBERG] 5 minutes. this bill has absolutely nothing to do· down through New Jersey and clear Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Speaker, I think with your problem. down to Georgia, working on importa­ in the short time we have discussed the Mr. PETERSON of Florida. The War tions of offshore sugar, that the Mem­ proposal to extend this legislation that Food Administrator would like to amend bers- from these States can control the ) those Members who have not been here it himself. He says in this report: bulk of the votes and will not go along during other discussions concerning The Administration's views on certain de­ with any plan that will close down and sugar legislation have come to the con­ sirable changes in the sugar-quota provisions cut off the supply of raw sugar to those clusion it is probably a pretty hot bis- . of the act have been repeatedly stated to the refineries. They ~nsist that those re­ cuit. It has been my lot, despite the committee on former occasions and need not fineries work, that their labor be em­ fact I have no sugar in my distric,t, to be repeated at this time. ployed. For that reason we have run have been in the middle of the final s~ we should have the right to amend against a good many difficulties in tl'Y­ wind-up of every single sugar fight. the bill, and to limit it so that there will ing to work out some quota basis and There is nothing quite so disconcerting 5336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 or disrupting on the floor of the Con­ can and should continue it for the period The SPEAKER. The question is on gress of the United States as sugar leg. recommended in the bill . . the suspension of the rules and the pas­ islation. Sugar is on every table and Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I sage of the bill. in every _home in this land. This great want to impress upon the Members the The question was taken; and on a divi­ Nation is at war at the present time and necessity of extending this act at the sion (demanded by Mr. FLANNAGAN) there for the first time that I have known any. present time. There is, no possibility of were-ayes 105, noes 8. . thing whatsoever concerning sugar, working out a Sugar Act by the time this So,

other special orders, I be permitted to position to cooperate appropriately with there has been no mole~tation with the address the House for 30 minutes. the military authorities. military activities. The SPEAKER. Without objection,' it From this standpoint long terms of of­ Soon after we acquired jurisdiction 1s so ordered. fice are highly desirable, as it takes con­ of the Panama Oe.nal it was my pleasure l'here was no objection. siderable time for a newcomer to famil­ to visit the zone. I saw at once the CANAL ZONE CODE iarize himself with local problems. It importance of a parallel system of locks was for reasons similar to these that a and we have gone to the point of au­ Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I move to few years ago the office of district judge thorizing and beginning the construc­ suspend the rules and pass the bill Pearl Harbor. I ret-tuned to the Canal ing your term of office, but I am impelled to - Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I yield. such say that when you see an opportunity for time as he may desire to the gentleman Zone just as fast as the State Department would let me (December 18, 1941). The me to show my gratitude tangibly you will from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER]. Zone at that time was "Public Enemy No. 2," confer a favor if you will let me know. Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. Speaker, it according to those whose opinions were en­ With my thanks for your letter I send seems to me that there is a peculiar sit­ titled to weight. Hawaii was "Public Enemy also my high regards and all good wishes, uation in the Panama Canal Zone which No. 1," as you know. We diligently set about Very sincerely yours, should justify passing this legislation. I digging bomb shelters anticipating an attack. GLEN E. EDGERTON, Gove1·nor. have talked with a number of men who It will always be 'a mystery to me why one was not attempted. Perhaps Japanese in­ Mr. SUMNERS of ~exas. Mr. Speak­ are familiar with the situation down telligence was not as competent as we er, will the·gentleman from Virginia yield there and who have no personal interest thought. for a question? in the parties involved, and they make According to my information, and I think Mr. BLAND. With pleasure. -out a good case for extending the time you will find it iS true, the Canal Zone and Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. As I under­ of the marshal and the district attorney Hawaii, after Pearl Harbor, were given first stand, all this bill does is to extend the .in the Canal Zone. priority on war material. There must have period of service from 4 to 8 years, due Mr~ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent been a. reason. Personally I don't think tt · to the distance between this country and took a great deal of intestinal fortitude to Panama, and the difficulty in getting to include, as part of my remarks, a let­ remain in the Canal Zone, but those who were ter to me from Mr. McGrath, the district here at that titne are ·entitled to be marked 'adjusted to matters in Panama, being attorney, whom the gentleman from Illi­ present. too great for a 4-year term to produ\::e nois [Mr. CHURCH] referred to a few min­ In 1942 there was no provision for regis­ maximum efficiency. utes ago. tering for the draft on the Canal Zone, so I Mr. BLAND. Yes. 5340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. That is all Mr. BLAND. Mr. Sp.eaker, if I have The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum there is in the bill; is it not? any time, in reply I wish to say that when is not present. Mr. BLAND. Not only the distance the conditions manifest the necessity or Mr. COOPER. Mr. Speaker, I move a from this country, but the familiarity the desirability of having an 8-year term, call of the House. with conditions in the Panama Canal that is the time to act, and that time is · _The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ Zone and the people that they have to now. lowing Members failed to answer to their deal with, as well as other matters. The SPEAKER. The question is on the names: Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 1 minute. suspension of the rules and the passage [Roll No. 76] Mr. Speaker, in connection with this of the bill. Abernethy Gerlach Morrison, La. bill as far as I am concerned, I think it The question was t aken; and on a divi­ Anderson, Gibson Morrison, N. 0. sion (demanded by Mr. CHURCH) there N. Mex. Gilchrist Mruk was introduced when I was away. I B:lldwln, Md. Goodwin Myers knew nothing about it until the gentle­ were-ayes 77, noes 32. Barry Granger Newsome man from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER] So (two-thirds having voted in favor Beall Ind. O'Connor thereof) , the rules were suspended and Bell g~:f~· O'Neal asked me to take it up, as well as the Bender Halleck O'Toole gentleman from California [Mr. WELCH]. the bill was passed. Boren Hare Peterson, Ga. Personally I think it is a good bill. I EXTENSION OF REMARKS Brumbaugh Harris, Va. Pfeifer Buckley Hebert Philbin think it is a good principle. I think Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Mr. Burchill, N.Y. Heffernan Phillips where men have served well, even if the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to in­ Burdick Heidinger Ploeser present incumbents are to be reap­ Byrne Hess Plumley clude in the remarks I shall make in the Camp Holifield Priest pointed, and have established themselves Committee of the Whole this afternoon Cannon, Fla. Jennings Scanlon as good servants in protecting the Pan­ a newspaper article, letters to and from Capozzoli Kennedy Scott ama Canal in this time of war, that they the Secretary of the Navy, and quota­ Carr!er Keogh Sheridan ought to be retained. Chapman Kilday . •.,. Simpson, Pa. tions from War and Peace, United States Compton King 1 Smith, W.Va. Mr. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, I yield Board of Foreign Policy, 1931-1942, is­ Cox Kirwan Snyder myself 3 minutes. Curley Kleberg Starnes, Ala. sued by the State Department July 1, Curtis Klein Stearns, N. B. Mr. Speaker, this is the same bill that 1943. Dewey Lambertson Stewart was before the House Committeee on the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Dickstein Landis Stigler Judiciary in 1937 or 1938 when an 8-year the request oi the gentleman from Mon­ Dies Larcade Talbot term was asl{ed for for the judge, the Douglas Lea Taylor tana? Ellis Lemke Torrens marshal, and the United States district There was no objection. Elston, Ohio Lewis Treadway attorney. The office of United States Mr. SADOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask Fay Lynch Wadsworth district attorney and marshal were taken Fernandez McCord Wasielewski unanimous consent to extend my re­ Fogarty McMlllan Wene out either in this House or in the Senate. marks in the RECORD in two instances and Ford McMurray Whelchel, Ga. At that time the bill was considered by to include therein excerpts and resolu- Fulbridght Magnuson White the House Committee on the Judiciary. Fuller Martin, Iowa Wilson tions. - Furlong May ·Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, will the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Gallagher Merrow gentleman yield.? the request of the gentleman from Michi­ The SPEAKER. On this roll call 320 Mr. CHURCH. I yield to the gentle­ gan? man from Virginia. Members have ans·Nered to their names, There was no objection. a quorum. Mr. BLAND. It is my understanding Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask that at that time the request for the in­ unanimous consent to extend my re­ By unanimous consent, further pro­ sertion of the District Attorney and the marks in the RECORD and include therein ceedings under the call were dispensed Marshal was not considered by the Com­ an editorial. with. mittee on the Judiciary. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to TO INCREASE THE DEBT LIMIT OF THE Mr. CHURCH. We are now consider­ the request of the gentleman from Min- UNITED STATES CONFERENCE REPORT ing H. R. 3646. Report No. 1351 accom­ nesota? · Mr. DOUGHTON, from the Committee paning this bill now before us, on page 4 There was no objection. on Ways and Means, presented a con­ at the middle of the page reads as fol­ EXTENDING THE TIME LIMIT FOR ference report and statement on the bill lows: "I appeared before the subcommit­ IMMUNITY

The resolution. under consideration people in the United S ~ ates and here in legislation to move up to June 7, 1945, the would make in order the joint resolution this Chamber apparently are not taking deadline on court-martial trials for Admiral H. E. Kimmel and Lt. Gen. W. C. Short, in introduced by the gentleman from Mis­ the war seriously enough. command at Hawaii at the time of Pearl souri [Mr. SHORT] extending the time · Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of Harbor. within which any who might be at fault my time. in connection with Pearl Harbor might Mr. Speaker, my complaint is that the Mr. KNUTSON. Oh, shame! Shame! administration should have held this be tried. I shall not discuss the rule, Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I yield my­ because it is an open rule in the usual court martial long ago. This editorial self 10 minutes. goes on to say: form granting 2 hours for debate, nor The SPEAKER. The gentleman from shall I undertake to discuss the provi­ The administration is plainly resolved to sions of the first section of the bill, which New York is recognized for 10 minutes. postpone the Pearl Harbor trials until aft er undertakes to extend the time of immu­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I have the the election. The Japs have long known ex­ nity. I do know that in the minds of highest regard for the gentleman from actly what they did to us in that most dis­ North Carolina, who just addressed the graceful disaster ever yet suffel·ed by Amer­ some people there is doubt as to whether ican arms. To hold the trials now would it really accomplishes what it seeks, but House. I do not believe, however, any ,spe ech I have heard recently in the House tell them nothing they don't already know. what I particularly wish to call to the But it is widely believed that the trials attention of the House is that section 2 of could create more disunity than the re­ would force to light evidence · connecting the bill peremptorily instructs the Secre- -_ marks of the gentleman from North high Washington officials with orders to Kim­ tary of War and the Secretary of the Carolina. As he well knows, our armed mel and Short to talte. the No. 1 alert (readi­ Navy. It reads: "The Secretary of War forces are composed of Republicans and ness for sabotage from within), instead of and the Secretary of the Navy are sever­ Democrats; our sons are fighting all over the No. 3-readiness for anything-which ally directed to institute court-martial the world; they are united and deter­ might have turned Pearl Harbor into a vic­ mined to beat the enemy, Germany and tory for us and shortened the Pacific war. proceedings on all charges against any These orders might have been urged by Mr. persons" who may be at fault in connec­ Japan, as quickly as possible and to get Hull, or sent by Mr. Roosevelt. tion with the Pearl Harbor disaster. the war over with. To give the impres­ If such orders were sent, the administra­ This applies, I believe, to civilian as well sion that there is any Membtr c::: the Con­ tion is determined to keep the American as military personnel. gress, or anybody in the minority party people from knowing who sent them until after the election. Politics, and politics I who is trying to throw monkey wrenches cannot for a moment feel we have alone, is the cause of this procrastination. reached a point where it has become into the war machinery or to impede our necessary for the Congress of the United war effort is both unfair and untrue. Mr. Speaker, those are ·not my words. States to issue a peremptory instruction Mr. ~peaker, it seems to be apparent They are from an editorial in one of our directing the leaders of our war effort as that there are those Members of the largest newspapers; and a more or less to what they shall do about any particu­ House who take the position that the mi­ nonpartisan paper, and reflect, I believe lar thing. I know there is a disposition nority has no right even to criticize or public sentiment throughout the United in this body and elsewhere to try to find talk about the foreign or domestic policies States. fault in some way with the manner in of the administration. Let me tell you Mr. Speaker, in view of the fact that which the war is being prosecuted. what former President Theodore Roose­ the administration has failed, up to now, Speaking for myself, I have complete velt had to say during the last war on to court martial either General Short or confidence in the way the war is being this identical issue: Admiral Kimmel, all we are seeking, at handled from the Chief Executive right To announce that there must be no criti­ the present time, is for the Congress to on down the line, and to my mind when cism of the President, or that we are to exert its influence 2% years after tne Congress undertakes or finds it nec­ stand by the President right or wrong, is Pearl Harbor to be assured of a speedy essary to instruct the Secretary of War not only unpatriotic and servile, but is mor­ ally treasonable to the American people. trial. I am surprised that there has not and the Secretary of the Navy as to what Nothing but the truth should be spoken been more forceful language used in the · they shall do and how they shall con­ about the President or anyone else, but it is Congress long before at the request of duct their ·official duties, it is virtually even more important to tell the truth-pleas­ the American people and the mothers and tantamount to a vote of lack of confi­ ant or unpleasant--about him than about fathers of the 3,000 American boys who dence in these men at the head of our anyone else. were killed at Pearl Harbor, in a demand military machine at this time of crisis. I have no doubt whatever the reasons may After all, Mr. Speaker, we are the to know exactly what the facts are and be that our military personnel have good elected Representatives of the American who was responsible right up to the very reasons for what they are doing. people, and we are speaking here in their top. It is not surprising that this mat­ behalf. All this resolution seeks to do ter should come before the House at this . Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, will the is to give the facts to the American people gentleman yield briefly? late date in view of the delay and failure whose sons are doing the fighting and the of the administration to act. Mr. CLARK. Not at the moment. I dying; and they are entitled to have all will after I complete my statement, if the Mr. McCORMACK. Will the gentle­ the facts regarding the greate~t naval man yield? gentleman wishes. ' disaster in the history of America. There I have not tried to find out why no has already been too much delay and Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman courts martial have been instituted. I shadow-boxing by the administration in from Massachusetts. · am satisfied in my own mind that what­ order to avoid telling the whole truth to Mr. McCORMACK. May I ask the ever the reasons may be they are good the American people and in holding all gentleman a question on the statement ones and that the adoption of this reso­ those responsible for the Pearl Harbor that he is surprised at this late date the lution in place of aiding in the war effort catastrophe strictly · accountable. matter coming up. I am sure the gentle­ will put us in the ridiculous attitude of man does not want to let the statement almost censuring the heads of our War Mr. Speaker, I am going to read an remain that way. and Navy Departments. I suppose it is editorial taken from the World-Tele­ Mr. FISH. I am not blaming the Con­ inevitable, but nevertheless it is regret­ gram, a Scripps-Howard paper in New gress at all. In fact, I thinl{ this resolu­ table, that the unity we once had in this York. If I should use the same words tion is more or less a gesture, and I refer Chamber on war measures has so com­ myself I suppose someone would accuse to the whole of the resolution. The re­ pletely disappeared. I do not particu­ me of making a political speech or in­ sponsibility rests with the Roosevelt ad­ larly like to say this, ! .wish it were other­ jecting politics into our war effort. This ministration and I do not believe any wise, but from what I have seen and paper is one of the largest in the city of action is going to be tal{en whether this h eard and observed I am bound to feel New York and the same editorial was resolution is passed or not while the that there are many on the minority side probably circulated widely over the coun­ present administration is in power. I of this Chamber who will be disappointed try by the Scripps-Howard syndicate. It believe, however, there will be a com­ if they do not find something badly is entitled, ''Kimmel, Short, Roosevelt, plete and full i ::.westigation and a court wrong with the prosecution of the war. Hull": martial next year when there· will be a I r-.m going .to go far enough .to say in Speaking of offenses by. high officers, the new administr:o,tion in Vvasl'lington. I c ::; ncludlng my remarks that- too. many House Judiciary Committee has approved do not blame the majority leader; I C:3 5342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 not blame the Congress or any Member judges on a court martial and get ample that under this resolution the proceed­ of Congress. It is not our responsibility, testimony fr.om any officer . who may be ing must be instituted. It is a familiar Mr. McCORMACK. · I am sure the thousands of miles away in the war zone. practice to take testimony by deposition gentleman will agree that so far as this · The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ where the parties charged fiftY be rep­ resolution and the previous one are con­ tleman has expired. resented ·by coun_sel. .• As the gentleman cerned, they were brought up in the Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself from New York suggests. ~if you are going House as quickly as they possibly could 5 additional minutes. to have a . choice .between trying them be? Mr. Speaker, in that way you could now or waiting J,lntil all the witnesses Mr. FISH. Yes. I made that state­ get all the testimony before .the court are dead or a number of them are dead, ment to the gentleman last week when martial without waiting until the end of :you never will get at the truth. There the gentleman stated he would bring it the war. is no objection to taking the testimony up today. I have no complaint with the Mr. BARDEN. The gentl-eman is not where they have counsel to cross:..exam­ action of the majority side or the gentle­ now advocating, then, trying those men ine and to p~rpetuate that testimony man himself. He certainly cooperated without their being confronted by their for any further proceedings. in bringing up the resolution. accusers and witnesses, is he? · . Mr. FISH. It is rather significant that Mr. -McCORMACK. · May I say also Mr. FISH. In certain circumstances, the Navy has already authorized Admiral that I have never had anyone from any of course. If you delay this court mar­ Hart to take these depositions and . to other branch of government speak to me tial -much longer you may not have any gather the testimony. He has traveled about this resolution or about the last witnesses, because some of them ·may all over the world and no· doubt has tbe one which was brought f-rom the Speak­ have been killed and others will have facts at his fingertips at the very pres­ er's desk and passed by unanimous con­ died natural deaths or from old age. If ent moment. sent without being referred to any com­ you continue these delaying tactics in­ It is also · significant that Admiral mittee. In fairness I want to make the definitely you may not even have wit­ Kimmel has· demanded a free and statement that never once, either directly nesses. If there are some witnesses and· -open trial, and I am sure, knowing or indirectly, has anyone in the execu­ some testimony -that you cannot get ex­ General Short as I db, having served on tive branch of the .Government spoken cept by affidavit, then I am in favor of, his staff in the 1940 maneuvers, held in to me about this resolution, neither have getting that testimony by affidavit.· northern New York State that he is the they given their views thereon in any Mr. BARDEN. --How does the gentle­ type of man· who would like to have a respect. man arrive at the conclusion that there free and open trial immediately. Mr. FISH. I am glad the gentleman are only two to be tried? There may be Let me say one· thing in conclusion, in lnakes that ·statement. No one is ac­ 25. • addition to what I stated the other day cusing him of delay or of holding up Mr. FISH. There are only two to-be­ in discussing this ·subject and it is a pre:. this resolution. I repeat again, it is a gin with. There may be.more later on,. diction as to what will happen-.:..if and matter really in the hands of the ad­ but that is something we do not know When the administration -conducts a ministration. It has done nothing and in advance. court martial. I !"eel confident this trial that is why this is before the Congress. Mr. HANCOCK. Will the gentleman will never ·be held. I do not think it It is highly regrettable it should be here, yield? will be, in spite of this resolution or any­ and I am sorry it is. - But the whole Mr. FISH. I yield to ·the gentleman thing that Congress does or says, at least Pearl Harbor responsibility has been from New York. ·, until after election, and then there is hushed up for all this time ·by the ad­ Mr. H-ANCOCK. The resolution mere­ some uncertainty of its ever being held ministration, and the American people ly requires that-court-martial proceed­ until a new administration takes over at back home are getting impatient, they ings be instituted within this period. Washington. want the facts, they ·are entitled to the There is no requirement that it be con­ facts, and as we are the representatives cluded in any definite period of time. · Mr. SHORT. If it is not held, it will not of the people we ought to use our legis­ Everybody knows that a trial can be con­ be the fault of Congress if we pass this lative powers to help the people get the tinued from time to time to suit the con- resolution. . _ facts. . venience of the, parties and the witnesses. - Mr. FISH. r' want to make a predic­ Mr. BARDEN. Will the gentleman That is exactly what would happen if tion. If the administration holds a trial yield? this thing is instituted. No important and. Admiral _J. 0. Richardson is called Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman commanding · officer would have to be as_a witness, the public will find out that from North Carolina. taken from his duty to act as a wjtness. he protested placing our warships in Mr. BARDEN. Do I understand the It may be continued until such time as­ Pearl Harbor where they could be picked gentleman advocates at this time the he may be available. Every lawyer off like a lot of sitting ducks, as they were calling of officers from every battle front knows that, including the gentleman on the 7th of December 1941. Admiral in this war for trial; and trying those from North Carolina. Richardson wa-s in command of the Pa­ men in the absence of the prisoners who Mr. SHORT. Will the gentleman cific Fleet and was removed from office are now in Japanese hands? How would yield? because he reiisted the orders from the gentleman conduct a trial at this Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman Washington to take his fleet into Pearl time without disrupting our military. and from Missouri. Harbor and was succeeded by Admiral naval activities? Mr. SHORT. Of course, we should not Kimmel. I think the American people Mr. FISH. Of course, the only two overlook the fact that we have a great will be surprised and shocked if Admiral men who are subject to court martial at surplus of vice admirals and lieutenant Richardson ever appears before a court this time are· General Short and Admiral generals around Washington that you martial and testifies to the whole truth Kimmel. can find practically every evening in which he will be required to do as a wit­ Mr. BARDEN. How does the gentle­ cocktail lounges and at dinners. I do ness. What is the administration try­ man know that? not think it would seriously interfere ing to cover up? Who is the adminis­ Mr. FISH. There may be others, but with the war effort. tration attempting to cover up? And that does not change the situation. It Mr. FISH. The gentleman means we why? would be very easy, as has been done by could spare them for a court martial courts for many, many years, to get af­ without interfering with the war effort, That is the kind of information the fidavits from witnesses in any part of the and I certainly agree with him. American people want and are entitled world, Americans, of course, no matter Mr. SHORT. We could spare them to have first hand. They want to find where they may be, in the Air Force, in for a week or two. out who was responsible, no matter who the Army, or the Navy, and bring those Mr. FISH. And more if needed. it may be. Let the chips fall where they affidavits ·into court, which is the cus­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Will the gentleman may. That is all this resolution seeks to tomary procedure. I do not believe in yield? do, to get the facts regarding the dis­ stopping the war to hold a court martial, Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman aster at Pearl Harbor and to hold the re­ hut in my opinion you could-get plenty from Michigan. sponsible authorities accountable. cf high-ran}:ing officers who are on the Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman from The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ l'et.ired list and appoint them as trial New Yorl{ called attention to the fact tleman has expired. 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5343 Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 gentleman from New York to make any ever debate there is will be upon the minutes to the gentleman from Illinois -insinuation against him. He·has demon­ merits of the issues involved. I am in [Mr. SABATH]. strated his patriotism and love for this favor of an extension; let us have no Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, it seems country many times, and I know he can misunderstanding about that. I think a to me that the gentleman from New York be relied upon in the future as- he has great majority of the Members on both does not wish any trial or court martial, been in the past to the fair, just, and im­ sides, except those who in their own con· because -all this resolution· calls for is partial in opposing or supporting legis­ science think there is a legal question that we extend the time · within which lation before the House. involved, are in favor of the extension. the court martial can be held. I have Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I have no Therefore, we have nothing in dispute been as much in favor of immediate more requests for time, but I want to on that. court martial as any man in the House make it very clear to the House-and it Frankly, I think that a 3 months' ex­ or the ·country, but when. my· attention is hardly necessary in view of the previ­ tension is unwise, no matter on what side was called to what it may involve, and ous argument-that I have the highest of the aisle we sit. I am talking indi­ what it would mean, ·and the amount of personal regard for the gentleman from vidually now. No one has ever spoken trouble that .may come of it if held at North Carolina. I believe he is a fine to me about this. I have conferred with this .time, I came to the conclusion that American citizen. · my friend from Missouri on several oc­ both the Secretary of War, Mr. Stimson, Mr. CLARK. Mr. Spealt:er, I move the casions as an individual Member of the and the .late Secretary of the Navy, Mr, -previous question on the resolution. House, not as a leader but as an indi­ Knox, used splendid ·judgment in not The previous question was ordered. · vidual Member of the House, and I am proceeding immediately. The resolution was agreed to. speaking now in that capacity, express­ You all know-and it is not necessary Mr. SUMNERS of Texas. Mr. Speak­ ing my own views. I think a 3 months' for me to inform you-that it is only er, I move that the House resolve itself extension is unwise, and I will be frank officers of a higher rank that can sit in into the Committee of the Whole House and tell you why. court martial, and that it is not only on the state of the Union for the con­ Our country is in the middle of a great these two high-ranking officers that are sideration of the joint resolution Frank Knox. I the crime occurred during the statutory as soon as possible so that the whole think we should consider what Mr. Knox period. Does that rule apply in a court shameful story can be told to the Ameri­ had to say.about this matter. Mr. Knox martial the same as it does in an ordinary can people. I fear that if Congress does on April 14, 1944-and this must have criminal case? not act-and soon-that it will be too been one of the last things he wrote­ Mr. KEFAUVER. I do not know, but late. The passage of time and the cir.­ had this to say in a press release: if the gentleman will re9.d the waivers,. he cumstanccs and casualties of war are I would certainly feel derelict in my duty will find that they are worded in such bound to have a disastrous effect in l! I took from the .fieet and the fighting a way that if these men should back out bringing out the whole truth because forces for court-martial proceedings the of­ on their agreement and assert the statute memories are short and people die. Fur­ _ficers whom Admiral King has placed in of limitations, they could be court mar­ thermore, it is only simple justice tb those positions. tialed for conduct unbecoming an officer accede to the request · of .\dmiral Kim­ mel who has said: If General Marshall, Secretary Stim­ and a gentleman for breaking their word. son, Secretary Knox, Secretary Forrestal, One would be just as bad as the other. I want a trial by court martial at the and Admiral King do not think it is in There is, I am certain, absolutely no like­ earliest practicable date . . I have wanted it lihood of them asserting the statute of since Pearl Harbor and I have said so in the interest of our war effort to try these let!;ers to the Secretary of the Navy. I want men now, I do not believe we ought to limitations in view of the agreements they a free, open, and public trial. • • • For direct that they be tried, because we have signed. 2¥2 years I have waited for the Navy Depart­ might interfere with the successful Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, will the ment to bring me to trial. The report of prosecution of the war in this particular gentleman· yield? the Roberts Commission does not tell the and we would be starting a precedent Mr. KEFAUVER. I yield to the gentle­ whole story· of Pearl Harbor. that might later have a very, very in­ man from New York. The above statement by Kimmel shows jurious e:ffec,t upon the success of our Mr. CELLER. Would it not be true in his eagerness to have this matter brought fighting forces. Who knows but that if answer to the inquiry of the gentleman out into the open. Perhaps General we direct them to do this within 3 that if we pass this resolution we will be Short feels the same way. Why not give months or within 1 year or at any par­ guilty of passing an ex post facto act, them the chance to be heard and to be ticular time, later on, if we are disap­ and that would be true regardless of declared guilty or innocent of the events pointed with the way the war is going, whether it would have any effect on the of that fateful December 7? If guilty, we might pass a resolution to demand statute's running or not running? they should be · punished; if innocent, t.hat they open a second front the follow­ Mr. KEFAUVER. There is some argu­ their names should be cleared. If any ing week? Those of you who have ment as to whether you can extend the others are implicated-no matter who or studied the difficulties President Abra­ limitation before it has run, but assuming where they may be-they likewise should ham Lincoln had in the prosecution of you can, you certainly cannot extend any­ be given their day in court. the war because of interference by Con­ thing that has already expired. That is In my opinion, the cause goes much gress certainly do not want that policy fundamental. deeper than•Kimmel and Short, but un­ repeated. Mr. CELLER. If we change the rules til a trial is held that can only be con­ Mr. FELLOWS. Mr. Chairman, will in the midst of the game, that is ex post jecture. I am interested in finding out the gentleman yield? facto in a certain sense, and there are who was responsible for the neglect at Mr. KEFAUVER. I yield to the gen­ ex post facto proscriptions stated in the Pearl Harbor-and my desire is further tleman from Maine. Constitution. strengthened when I think of our dead Mr. FELLOWS. Does the gentleman Mr. KEFAUVER. What we are trying on that fateful day and the damage done understand that this resolution directs to do here is pass a nunc pro tunc law. to the ships of our Pacific Fleet-sitting a trial? Mr. CELLER. But I want to say that like duckpins awaiting their destruction. Mr. KEFAUVER. It directs that the ex ppst facto prohibition of the Con­ On February 26, 1944, the Washington court-martial proceedings be instituted, stitution applies not only to civil and Post carried a story to the e:trect that 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5351 Navy Secretary Frank Knox in "an at­ was sent to Secretary Stimson-and their the world. For these reasons, I feel that it tempt to be absolutely square" with Kim­ replies: would not only be against the public interest mel detailed Admiral Thomas C. Hart MAY 10, 1944. but it would also be highly detrimental to the to hear and record testimony of members Han. JAMEs V. FoRRESTAL, successful conduct of the war to bring this of the naval service concerning the Acting Secretary of the Navy, case to trial during the period of active Washington, D. a. operations. greatest defeat in American naval his­ MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I am writing to Sincerely yours, tory. The article follows: you at this time to find out what the policy of HENRY L. STIMSON, NAVY ORDERS TESTIMONY IN KIMMEL CASE your department will be in the matter of the Secretary of War. (By James F. King) trial of Admiral Husband Kimmel. As you know, I am extremely interested in this mat­ On the basis of factual evidence it does In a move described as "an attempt to be ter and as the resolution passed by Congress not appear that the attack on Pearl Har­ absolutely square" with Rear Admiral Hus­ extending the statute of limitations for 6 bor was made without advance warning. band E. Kimmel, commr.nder of the Pacific months beyond the 2-year limit up to June 7 According to Peace and War-United Fleet when the Japanese attacked Pearl Har­ is now In operation but will go out of exist­ States Foreign Policy 1931-1941 issued by bor, Secretary of the Navy Knox announced ence shortly unless something is done, I wish the State Department on July 1, 1943, yesterday he had detailed Admiral Thomas to find out what your Department is planning there appear· the· following excerpts: C. Hart to hear and record t~stimony of to do in this very important matter. members of the naval service concerning that It is my understanding that investigators On page 569, Document 182 (Ambassador greatest defeat in American naval history. have been sent to the various theaters .of op­ Grew to Secretary of State, September 12, 1940): "Whatever the intentions of the pres­ Hart, now a member of the Navy's General eration since the resolution wa~ passed for Board, will go to . the stations of the officers the purpose of acquiring. information on ent Japanese Gov.ernment may be there can­ who are to be questioned so that their testi­ which to base a court martial. I would ap­ not be any doubt that the military and other mony may be given with minimum inter­ preciate receiving the opinion of your Depart­ elements in Japan see in the present world ference with their present duties, Knox said. ment on this matter at your earliest con­ situation a 'golden oportunity' to carry their The Secretary said the reason for this ac­ venience. dreams of expansion into effect." tion "1s that certain naval officers ·who have · Thanking you and with best personal On page 618, Document 196, Grew to Secre­ personal knowledge of the facts relevant to wishes, I am tary of State, January 27, 1941): "A member the Pearl Harbor disaster are now on danger­ Sincerely, of the Embassy was told by my --- col­ ous assignments, which might render them MIKE MANSFIELD. league that from many quarters, Including a unavailable for testifying in any proceeding Japanese one, he had heard that a surprise mass attack on Pearl Harbor was planned that might be held in the future. • • • NAVY DEPARTMENT, Kimmel and Maj. Gen. Walter C. Short, by the Japanese military forces, in case of OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, •trouble' between Japan and the United commander of Army forces in Hawaii at the Washington, May 16, 1944. States; that the attack would involve the time of the attack, were relieved of their posts Han~ MIKE MANSFIELD, use of all the Japanese military facilities. and are now awaiting court martial, charged House of Representatives, My colleague said that he was prompted to with "dereliction of duty." Their court Washington, D. a. pass this on because it had come to him from martial have been delayed because officials DEAR MR. MANSFIELD: Replytng to ycur many sources, although the plan seemed said information of value to the enemy might courteous letter of May 10, 1944, inquiring as fantastic." be revealed if they were tried now. In De­ to the policy of the Navy Department in re­ cember legislation was enacted extending un­ On page 775, Document 245 (Grew to Sec­ spect to the trial of Admiral Husband · Kim­ retary of State, November 3, 1941): "* • • til June 7, 1944, the period during which mel, I am enclosing herewith a copy of the My put'pose is only to ensure against the charges must be brought against the two statement of the late Secretary Knox, issued United States becoming involved in war with officers. on April 14, 1944, a short time prior to his Japan because of any possible misconception Presumably, after that date Kimmel and death. of Japan's capacity to rush headlong into a Short can invoke a 2-year statute of limita­ Since lt is entirely impractical to consider suicidal struggle with the United States. tions against any charges brought. Knox a court martial of Admiral Kimmel during While national sanity dictates against such said yesterday, however, that Kimmel had the war the Department will, of course, ad­ action, Japanese sanity cannot be measured agreea to waive his rights to an early trial and here to the position taken by Mr. Knox. by American standards of logic. We have no that under the proceedings before Admiral I believe that you will agree that it would need to be overconcerned respecting the Hart all of Kimmel's rights would be pro­ be impossible to take fro'in the fleet and the bellicose tone and substance at present of tected. fighting front for a court-martial proceed­ the Japanese press (which in the past sev­ "Our interest in this," Knox said, ''is to see ing the officers whom Admiral King has placed eral years has attacked the United States in­ that the whole truth is available when the in those positions. tensely in recurrent waves), but underesti­ people concerned are brought up for trial. Sincerely yours, mating Japan's obvious preparations to im­ We thought it wise to have testimony taken JAMES FoRRESTAL, Acting. plement ~ program in the event the alterna­ by a high officer in whom everyone has. con­ tive peace program fails, would be short­ fidence, including Admiral Kimmel. That's WAR DEPARTMENT, sighted. Similarly it would be short-sighted all there is to it-an attempt to be absolutely Washington, D. C., Jl.fay 18, 1944. for American policy to be based upon the be­ square with Admiral Kimmel." Hon. Mm:E MANSl!'IELD, lief that Japanese preparations are no more The Navy would not say whether Kimmel Ilouse of Representatives, than saber rattling, merely intended to give would ha~e the opportunity to hear and cross­ Washington, D. a. moral support to the high-pressure diplomacy examine witnesses appearing before Hart. It DEAR MR. MANSFIELD: I have your letter of of Japan. Japan may resort with dangerous was presumed, however, that Kimmel him­ May 10, 1944, requesting to be advised as to and dramatic suddenness to measures which self would appear before Hart and thus make the War Department policy with reference to might make inevitable war with the United sure that the record would include his side the trial of Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short for States." of the story. alleged offenses growing out of the Japanese On pages 788-789, Document 250 (Grew to Kimmel is now farming and Short ls em­ attack on Pearl Harbor. You point out that Secretary of State, November 17, 1941) : "Re­ ployed by a large manufacturing firm. the statute of limitations, as ·extended by ferring to Embassy's previous telegram No. Congress, will expire June 7, 1944. 1736 of November 3, 3 p. m., final sentence, On May 10, 1944, I wrote identical The War Department does not take the and emphasizing the need to guard against letters to Acting Secretary of the Navy view that General Short must 'Qe tried be­ sudden Japanese naval or military actions Forrestal and War Secretary Stimson, fore June 7 next. Some time ago General in such ·areas as are not now involved in the asking what their Departments were Short executed a waiver of the statute of Chinese theater of operations. I take into planning to do about the situation. Both limitations which operates to extend it until account the probability of the Japanese ex­ Forrestal ana Stimson, in reply, stated the end of the war and 6 months thereafter, ploiting every possible tactical advantage, and thus permits his trial irrespective of the such as surprise and initiative. Accordingly that no trials would be held during the date set by the act of Congress referred to you are advised of not placing the major course of the war. If the proposed trial by you (act of Dec. 20, 1943, Public Law responsibility in giving prior warning upon would give publicity to highly confi­ 208, 78th Cong.). I understand a similar the Embassy staff, the naval and military dential matters, I would be agreeable to waiver was executed by Admiral Kimmel. attaches included, since in Japan there is extending the limitation, but it appears Under these circumstances, I do not feel that extremely effective control over both primary to me that highly confidential matters the trtal of this ca~e in time of war is neces­ and secondary military information. We sary. Such a trial would of necessity be 3 would not expect to obtain any information 2 ¥2 years ago would not· be of much value very lengthy, would give publicity to highly in advance either from personal Japanese today. confidential matters, and would require the contacts or through the press; the observa­ Mr. Chairman, I am including at this attendance of many important Army and tion of military movements is not possible point in the RECORD a copy of my letter Navy officers, who at present are engaged in by the few Americans remaining in the coun­ to Secretary Forrestal-an identical one active operations against the enemy all over try. concentrated mostly in three cities 5352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 5 (Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe); and with Ameri­ secrecy, it .would appear, has long since Gibr·altar,- which guards the Mediter­ can and other foreign shipping absent from passed. ranean and is the mightiest fortress of adjacent waters the Japanese are assured of I feel deeply that under our form of the British Empire. Our foreign policy the ability to send ,without foreign observa­ tion their troop transports in various direc­ government the truth about Pearl Harbor in· the· Pacific has been based on Pearl tions. Japanese troop concentrati.ons were should be known to the representatives Harbor. It was our great .western reported recently by American consuls in of the people. In any event the affair stronghold of defense. It protected our Manchuria and Formosa, while troop disposi­ should not be bUried in silence too long country in the Pacific. Our Pacific Fleet tions since last July's general mobilization because then the truth might never come was based on Pearl Harbor and we had have, according to .all other indications out. Is it still contrary to the interests of an army and a great airfield near Paarl available, been made with a view to enabling national security for· courts martial to go Harbor. Our country felt secure in the the carrying out of new operations on the into the causes of the results which .are Pacific with this great fortress, our fleet, shortest possible notice either in the Pacific now known to the world? It requires no Army and Air Force. Pearl Harbor is southwest, or in Siberia, or in both: technical knowledge of war strategy to most favorably situated for defense. The "We are fully aware that our present most say that the entire Pacific war was ren­ most modern listening devices were in­ important duty perhaps is to detect any premonitory signs of naval or military opera·­ dered incalculably more difficult by this stalled. It. was provided with plenty of tions likely in areas mentioned above and initial defeat and one wonders at the ex­ scouting planes. It had a great sub­ every precaution is being taken to guard tent of losses in men, ships, and materiel marine net that could be stretched across against surpriSe. The Embassy's field of that would have been saved to us if it the entrance of Pearl Harbor. It had naval or military observation is restricted had not been for this no doubt avoidable everything that money and science could almost literally to what could be seen with blunder. provide. We had there g·of our 17 battle­ the naked eye, and this is negligible. There­ Yet we have gone our way asking no ships, also cruisers, and other auxiliary fore, you are advised, from an abundance of caution, to discount as much as possible the questions and calling no one to account. craft .. likelihood of our ability to give substantial I am not urging an investigation with the Early on the morning of December 7, warning." superficial object of punishing those peo­ 1S41, Japanese planes and bombers, as ple responsible for it. This will do no well as submarines . that had traveled The above is ample e·vidence that we good now except possibly aJ a warning. thousands of miles, attacked Pearl Har­ had been forewarned. What happened? But it does seem to me that a principle bor. They either destroyed or disabled Why did we fail in our defense of our is involved in this matter. If our boys all of our battleships and many lighter strongest outpost? How , can we know are to die in battle for their country, it naval vessels. They destroyed a major the truth unless we have a more com­ would seem that they and the folks at part of our planes-bombers at H:ckam plete answer than the Roberts report? home, should be given cause to trust their Field near Pearl Harbor. They killed Did only the State Department have leaders. The Pearl Harbor incident­ about 900 trained and experienced officers prior warnings as to Japan's intentions? until cleared up--makes for distrust, and and nearly 3,000 seaman and petty. of­ Mr. Chairman, the truth of the mat­ l)ntil it is ~ettled definitely that feeling ficers. It was the greatest defeat and ter is that the Army and Navy had fore­ will remain. most humiliating disaster that this Na­ seen what came to pass many years be­ Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. Mr. tion has ever suffered. fore Pearl Harbor. The Navy, on Ha­ Chairman,. House Joint Resolution 283, On atcount of this disaster we lost waiian maneuvers in 1932, tested the proposes to amend the resolution passed naval and air control in the Pacific. The defenses of Oahu exactly as the Japa­ by Congress on December 7, 1943, and Philippine Islands were captured and so nese were to· do almost 10 years. later, signed by the President on December 20, were Wake, Midway, and Guam and this and the results for the attacking squad­ 1943, by extending the time limit for cost the lives of thousands of other Amer­ ron were exactly the same, theoretically, immunity for the period of 1 year, -to ican soldiers and sailors and enabled the as 10 years later. The Army likewise institute · court-martial proceedings Japs to take control of these islands, the had prepared for a Japanese invasion against all those whose negligence and East Indies, and other groups of islands as early as 1935. dereliction of duty caused the disaster i:n the Pacific. No one can estimate the Mr. Chairman, I want to call to the at­ at Pearl Harbor on Decen1ber 7, 1941. billions that must be spent and the lives tention of Congress the fact that the War Under the. present. law and regulations that must be lost to regain what we lost Department did have, prior to the war, the limitation is 2 years. The resolution at ·Pearl Harbor. Soon after this attack the Hawaiian defense project which, of December 7, 1943, extended this limi­ the President appointed a Commicsion • while not perfect, was probably as good tation for an additional 6 months. The to investigate the cause and fix the blame as could be devised with the appropria­ resolution before us gives a further ex­ for this humiliating defea.t and the loss tions available. The Japanese attack on tension of 1 year. It is likely necessary of life and equipment. After a thorough Pearl Harbor was no surprise to anyone that if any court-martial proceedings are investigation· on the ground, Justice RGb­ who was familiar with the defense plan had against the officers and men for the erts and his Commission reported that it for Oahu. The plan was based on the disaster at Pearl Harbor, we must extend was due to the negligence of those in assumption that the Japanese would do the period of time as the preEent law will charge at Pearl Harbor. Two and one­ exactly what they did. They could not expire on June 7, 1944, and neither the half years have gone by and no court­ have followed the pattern more correctly President, the War Department, nor Navy martial proceedings have been instituted in every detail if they had had our war Department has shown any disposition to and no one has been· punished for this plan in their possession. The Army, institute these proceedings. In my opin­ great .loss to our country. No charges therefore, correctly antic~pated the Japa­ ion, this extension should be limited to have been preferred against any one. nese plan of attack and still was not 3 months inst~ad of 1 year, with the di­ These Japs could not have traveled thou­ ready. The plan never at any time en­ rection set out in section 2 of this resolu­ sands of miles and inflicted this stinging visaged the fleet as being inside Pearl tion for tb.e Secretary of War and the blow on our Navy, Air Force, and Army, Harbor at a time of tension in the Pacific. s~cretary of the Navy to institute court­ without the worst sort of carelessness, It is hard to conceive of any man, and martial proceedings against any and all and negligence on the part of those in ­ still less two men, with the training, age, . persons. responsible for that disaster and control. The Congress, t~ press, the and experience of a major general in the to take this action as soon as possible and radio, and the American people have been Army and an admiral in the Navy, with within 3 months from the date of the demanding for 2% years that those re­ full knowledge of the situation and with approval of this resolution. sponsible for the deaths of our officers the defense plans in their possession, be­ Beginning in the early twenties, the and men, the loss of our ships, our planes, ing so utterly negligent. With this Congress has from time to time appro­ and the loss of our possessions and con­ knowledge, it is at least reasonable to priated large sums of money to con­ trol in the Pacific be brought to trial, but suppose that these men acted as they struct a great naval and army base at these demands and appeals have fallen did through direct orders, or at least Pearl Harbor and Hickam Field. This on deaf ears in the White House and in pressure, from higher authority. The Nation has spent more than a billion the War and Navy Departments. The American people are entitled to know to make it the most powerful fortress in only way those guilty can be reached is what happened at Pearl Harbor and why the Western Hemisphere and surpassed through court-martial pro-ceedings. T.1e it happened. The necessity for military perhaps by only one other great fortress, President, the Navy and War Dep::.rt- 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5353 ments could have at any time and can 250 Jap vice consuls, enjoying diploma­ Commander in Chief, the President, and now institute the;_;e court-martial pro­ tic immunity, going about freely where the War and Navy Departments and are ceedings. They failed and refused to 40 percent of the population was Japan­ not guilty, they ought to have an oppor­ act, and let the 2-year limitation almost ese nationals. This consul and these vice tunity to present the factc; and clear their run out when Congress on December 7, consuls, of course, had their eyes and ears names. If they are guilty they should Le 1943, approved an extension of 6 months open. Our F. B. I. agents unearthed a punished and deprived of the $6,00~ an­ to give them more time to act. That big spy ring at Honolulu. It involved nua.lly. We do know beyond a question extension is now about to expire and the hundreds of Japanese spies. They called of a doubt some person or persons are administration is trying to extend the on General Short to aid them in arrest­ guilty of almost criminal negligence, if not time for another year instead of 3 months ing this army of Japanese spies but he a greater offense, in permjtting this ter­ as provided in this bill. Admiral Kim­ refused to do it, and then these F. B. I. rible disaster and humiliation to our mel and General Short, who were in agents appealed to Washington for aid, country. charge at Pearl Harbor, say they desire but their request was denied. I wonder Court-martial proceedings are pro­ a speedy trial and they claim they have what the administration will say if vided for in the Army and Navy regula­ been demanding a trial, but no action is court-martial proceeding are had why tions to punish the guilty and exonerate taken by the ·administration. this request was denied. A blind man the innocent and to protect our Army, What are some of the facts that in can see that the administration does not our Navy, L.nd our coun~ry. For nearly my opinion is the reason that the ad­ desire a court martial and general in­ 2 years the administration opposed court­ ministration has not taken any action? vestigation of the disaster at Pearl Har­ martial proceedings on the ground that Why was -this great fleet of ships in bor. Are they afraid of the facts? it would disclose to the enemy what had Pearl Harbor at the 'time? To have After weeks of delay, authority was happened at Pearl Harbor. The Japs on these ships anchored in the harbor vio­ given to certain s~cret agents of the Gov­ December 7, 1941, knew what they had lated the rule of every naval authority ernment to tap the wires between Hono­ accomplished. Now it is urged that if we of every country of the world. Only a lulu and Tokyo. On Frlday night De­ should institute court-martial proceed­ small percentage of battleships, cruisers, cember 5, 1941, these Government agents ings it might interfere with the conduct and destroyers are anchored in a harbor listened in and heard one of these Jap of the war. We have many able ad­ at any ope time. The rule is for them vice consuls hold a 17-minute conversa­ mirals and generals retired from active to be out on the open sea, with steam up tion with a high Jap official in Tokyo. duty who could serve on thi.s court and and ready for action. Why were they in Our Gonrnment officials spent that Fri­ we might add that hundreds of court­ Pearl Harbor? Some persons in Hono­ day night translating and attempting to martial proceedings are had daily in our lulu desired these ships to be brought decode th's conversation. On Saturday '1rmed forces tLroughout the world. into the harbor and· lcept inside of the morning, December 6, 1941, a copy of this Young boys are being ccurt-martialed, harbor. Admiral Richardson, who was translated, decoded conversation was tried, and convicted and given many in charge, refused to do this. He knew g!ven to the Chief Intelligence Officer of years in the penitentiary for neglect of that it violatea one of the fundamental the Army with instructions for him to de­ duty and if private soldiers and sailors rules of safety followed by every navy of liver it to General Sh~rt. He reports that . had been involved in this t~rrible disaster the world. Because he refused to do he went to General Short's house about they no doubt would have been tried and this, his command was taken from him, noon on Saturday on December 6, 1941, some of them ::.hot soon afteJ it occurred. and he was brought to Washington and and General Short was having a party of I don't like this delay and the ,American put behind a desk, an na-me's sake. LANGER], the Senator frorr New Hamp­ Yea, though I walk through the valley shire [Mr. TOBEY], and the Senator from The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, of the shadow of death, I will tear no on the expiration of the recess. Massachusetts [Mr. WEE~sJ. evil: tor Thou art with me; Thy rod and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Thy staff they comfort me. pore. Seventy-eight Senators having Harris, D. D., offered the following Thou preparest a table be/ore me in prayer: .answered to their names, a quorum is the presence ot mine enemies: Thou present. Almighty God, in whose hands are the anointest my head with oil; my cup run­ neth over. THE ALLIED INVASION OF THE souls of men, we would make this long­ CONTINENT OF EUROPE awaited day of battle, which will live in Surely goodness and mercy shall fol­ the memory of the ages, a day of prayer low me all the days of my life: and I will Mr. BARKLEY.. Mr. President, I am for ourselves and for our embattled sons: dwell in the house ot the Lord tor ever. sure that the Senate, the country, and 0 Thou who hearest prayer and to whose THE JOURNAL the world, are thrilled today over the ear have come the sobs and sighs of news of the invasion of the continent of coerced multitudes, "How long, 0 Lord, On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by Europe by the Allied ;forces. There are how long?" through the dedicated arms unanimous consent, the reading of the available no great details as to the hour and the offered lives of our valiant war­ Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ by hour progress of our troops, but at riors, vouchsafe to answer that petition dar day Monday, June 5, 1944, was dis­ practically 2 o'clock this morning, our today and in the days to come. Make pensed with, and the Journal was ap­ time, or shortly after daylight in Europe, bare Thy mighty arm of deliverance and proved. Allied troops made a landing on the save Thy people. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT shores of Europe. Movement is now in Grant that on this D-day of liberation Messages in writing from the President progress, by water and air, in support of weapons of freedom, forged in fires of of the United States were communicated the landing troops. There is no detailed faith, may pierce the shields of pagan to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his information now in possession of the steel and that the cruel invaders' walls, secretaries. War Department as to what has hap­ reared in treachery and tyranny and pened in the last 2 or 3 hours. They ex­ oppression, may crumble and fall at the CALL OF THE ROLL pect news momentarily as to the extent blast of Allied might. Through us, un­ Mr. HILL~ I suggest the absence of a and progress of the invasion. worthy though we are to be the servants quorum. Our men and women, our forces, have of Thy mercy and Thy justice, may there The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ been poised for this stroke, and have been be loosed the fateful lightning of Thy pore (Mr. JACKSON). The clerk will call made ready, as we hope and believe, to terrible, swift sword. the roll. the last man, the last tank, the last air­ Upon our dear boys in this fearful The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the plane, the last round of ammunition, baptism of fire, of whom we think today following Senators answered to their for this event, the most important, in a!l with special tenderness, lifting them up names: likelihood, in the war, and it may turn XC--338